@inbook {6862, title = {Partie 2 - M{\'e}thodologie}, booktitle = {Les oiseaux nicheurs du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais}, year = {2019}, pages = {488}, publisher = {Biotope}, organization = {Biotope}, edition = {Beaudoin C., Boutrouille C., Camberlein P., Godin J., Luczak C., Pischiutta R. \& Sueur F.}, address = {M{\`e}ze}, abstract = {Six ann{\'e}es d{\textquoteright}enqu{\^e}te de terrain mobilisant les ornithologues du nord de la France, adh{\'e}rents du Groupe ornithologique et naturaliste du Nord - Pas-de-Calais et partenaires de l{\textquoteright}association, ont {\'e}t{\'e} n{\'e}cessaires pour r{\'e}aliser cet ouvrage naturaliste de r{\'e}f{\'e}rence. Les + de cet ouvrage : Toutes les esp{\`e}ces d{\textquoteright}oiseaux nicheurs r{\'e}guliers, occasionnels et exceptionnels dans le Nord et le Pas-de-Calais sont pr{\'e}sent{\'e}es, sois 200 esp{\`e}ces ; La synth{\`e}se des connaissances ornithologiques relatives aux oiseaux nicheurs du nord de la France : effectifs, r{\'e}partition et {\'e}volution des populations au cours du demi-si{\`e}cle {\'e}coul{\'e} ; Une somme d{\textquoteright}informations in{\'e}dites issues de la compilation de plus de 230 000 donn{\'e}es ; Un {\'e}tat des menaces pesant sur l{\textquoteright}avifaune du Nord {\textemdash} Pas-de-Calais ; Un atlas illustr{\'e} de plus de 380 photos de terrain.}, issn = {978-2-36662-231-7}, url = {https://leclub-biotope.com/fr/librairie-naturaliste/1286-oiseaux-nicheurs-du-nord-et-du-pas-de-calais}, author = {Beaudouin, C{\'e}dric and Blaise, Claire and Goberville, Eric and Christophe Luczak and Pischiutta, Rudy} } @article {5812, title = {{Marine biodiversity and the chessboard of life}}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {13}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

{\textcopyright} 2018 Beaugrand et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Species richness is greater in places where the number of potential niches is high. Consequently, the niche may be fundamental for understanding the arrangement of life and especially, the establishment and maintenance of the well-known Latitudinal Biodiversity Gradient (LBG). However, not all potential niches may be occupied fully in a habitat, as measured by niche vacancy/saturation. Here, we theoretically reconstruct oceanic biodiversity and analyse modeled and observed data together to examine patterns in niche saturation (i.e. the ratio between observed and theoretical biodiversity of a given taxon) for several taxonomic groups. Our results led us to hypothesize that the arrangement of marine life is constrained by the distribution of the maximal number of species{\textquoteright} niches available, which represents a fundamental mathematical limit to the number of species that can co-exist locally. We liken this arrangement to a type of chessboard where each square on the board is a geographic area, itself comprising a distinct number of sub-squares (species{\textquoteright} niches). Each sub-square on the chessboard can accept a unique species of a given ecological guild, whose occurrence is determined by speciation/extinction. Because of the interaction between the thermal niche and changes in temperature, our study shows that the chessboard has more sub-squares at mid-latitudes and we suggest that many clades should exhibit a LBG because their probability of emergence should be higher in the tropics where more niches are available. Our work reveals that each taxonomic group has its own unique chessboard and that global niche saturation increases when organismal complexity decreases. As a result, the mathematical influence of the chessboard is likely to be more prominent for taxonomic groups with low (e.g. plankton) than great (e.g. mammals) biocomplexity. Our study therefore reveals the complex interplay between a fundamental mathematical constraint on biodiversity resulting from the interaction between the species{\textquoteright} ecological niche and fluctuations in the environmental regime (here, temperature), which has a predictable component and a stochastic-like biological influence (diversification rates, origination and clade age) that may alter or blur the former.

}, issn = {19326203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0194006}, author = {Gr{\'e}gory Beaugrand and Christophe Luczak and Goberville, Eric and Richard R Kirby} } @article {5814, title = {{Climate change and the ash dieback crisis}}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2016}, abstract = {

{\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2016. Beyond the direct influence of climate change on species distribution and phenology, indirect effects may also arise from perturbations in species interactions. Infectious diseases are strong biotic forces that can precipitate population declines and lead to biodiversity loss. It has been shown in forest ecosystems worldwide that at least 10{\%} of trees are vulnerable to extinction and pathogens are increasingly implicated. In Europe, the emerging ash dieback disease caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, commonly called Chalara fraxinea, is causing a severe mortality of common ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior); this is raising concerns for the persistence of this widespread tree, which is both a key component of forest ecosystems and economically important for timber production. Here, we show how the pathogen and climate change may interact to affect the future spatial distribution of the common ash. Using two presence-only models, seven General Circulation Models and four emission scenarios, we show that climate change, by affecting the host and the pathogen separately, may uncouple their spatial distribution to create a mismatch in species interaction and so a lowering of disease transmission. Consequently, as climate change expands the ranges of both species polewards it may alleviate the ash dieback crisis in southern and occidental regions at the same time.

}, issn = {20452322}, doi = {10.1038/srep35303}, author = {Goberville, Eric and Nina-Coralie Hautek{\`e}ete and Richard R Kirby and Yves Piquot and Christophe Luczak and Gr{\'e}gory Beaugrand} } @article {5815, title = {{Anthropogenic impact on macrobenthic communities and consequences for shorebirds in Northern France: A complex response}}, journal = {Biological Conservation}, volume = {184}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

{\textcopyright} 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Shorebird populations are declining worldwide due to the combined effect of climate change and anthropogenic forcing, the ongoing coastal urbanisation amplifying the alteration of their habitat in both rate and magnitude. By focusing on a highly anthropogenically-influenced region in Northern France, we studied the impact of a seawall construction on wintering shorebird populations through potential alterations in the abundance and availability of their food resources. We concurrently investigated changes in the spatial distribution of muddy-sand beach macrobenthic communities between two periods of contrasting anthropogenic impacts and examined year-to-year trends of wintering shorebirds. Our study reveals that the seawall construction led to a major spatial reorganisation of the macrobenthic communities with a drastic reduction of the muddy-sand community. However, no relation between macrobenthic changes and shorebird abundances was detected. Fluctuations in shorebird abundances appeared to be congruent with flyway population trends. This result suggests that the response of shorebirds to human-induced perturbations is much more complex than expected. While an assessment of potential disturbances induced by coastal engineering constructions is needed, the pathways by which alterations could propagate through an ecosystem are not linear and as such difficult to determine. Ecosystems appear as complex adaptive systems in which macroscopic dynamics emerge from non-linear interactions at entangled smaller/larger scales. Our results confirm that an in-depth knowledge of the local, regional and global factors that influence trends of shorebirds and their habitat use is essential for accurate and effective management and conservation strategies.

}, keywords = {Anthropogenic impact, Coastal conservation, Complexity, Macrobenthic communities, Shorebirds}, issn = {00063207}, doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2015.02.016}, author = {C{\'e}line Rolet and Nicolas Spilmont and Dominique Davoult and Goberville, Eric and Christophe Luczak} } @article {5816, title = {{Uncertainties in the projection of species distributions related to general circulation models}}, journal = {Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {5}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

{\textcopyright} 2015 The Authors. Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) are increasingly used by ecologists to project species potential future distribution. However the application of such models may be challenging and some caveats have already been identified. While studies have generally shown that projections may be sensitive to the ENM applied or the emission scenario to name just a few the sensitivity of ENM-based scenarios to General Circulation Models (GCMs) has been often underappreciated. Here using a multi-GCM and multi-emission scenario approach we evaluated the variability in projected distributions under future climate conditions. We modeled the ecological realized niche (sensu Hutchinson) and predicted the baseline distribution of species with contrasting spatial patterns and representative of two major functional groups of European trees: the dwarf birch and the sweet chestnut. Their future distributions were then projected onto future climatic conditions derived from seven GCMs and four emissions scenarios using the new Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) developed for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5 report. Uncertainties arising from GCMs and those resulting from emissions scenarios were quantified and compared. Our study reveals that scenarios of future species distribution exhibit broad differences depending not only on emissions scenarios but also on GCMs. We found that the between-GCM variability was greater than the between-RCP variability for the next decades and both types of variability reached a similar level at the end of this century. Our result highlights that a combined multi-GCM and multi-RCP approach is needed to better consider potential trajectories and uncertainties in future species distributions. In all cases between-GCM variability increases with the level of warming and if nothing is done to alleviate global warming future species spatial distribution may become more and more difficult to anticipate. When future species spatial distributions are examined we propose to use a large number of GCMs and RCPs to better anticipate potential trajectories and quantify uncertainties.

}, keywords = {Biogeography, Climate Change, Ecological niche modeling, Global change models, Species distribution projections, Uncertainties}, issn = {20457758}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.1411}, author = {Goberville, Eric and Gr{\'e}gory Beaugrand and Nina-Coralie Hautek{\`e}ete and Yves Piquot and Christophe Luczak} } @article {5818, title = {{Marine biological shifts and climate}}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}, volume = {281}, year = {2014}, pages = {20133350}, abstract = {

Phenological, biogeographic and community shifts are among the reported responses of marine ecosystems and their species to climate change. However, despite both the profound consequences for ecosystem functioning and ser- vices, our understanding of the root causes underlying these biological changes remains rudimentary. Here, we show that a significant proportion of the responses of species and communities to climate change are determinis- tic at some emergent spatio-temporal scales, enabling testable predictions and more accurate projections of future changes.We propose a theory based on the concept of the ecological niche to connect phenological, biogeographic and long-term community shifts. The theory explains approximately 70{\%} of the phenological and biogeographic shifts of a key zooplankton Calanus finmarch- icus in the North Atlantic and approximately 56{\%} of the long-term shifts in copepods observed in the North Sea during the period 1958{\textendash}2009.

}, keywords = {environmental science}, issn = {1471-2954}, author = {Gr{\'e}gory Beaugrand and Goberville, Eric and Christophe Luczak and Richard R Kirby} } @article {5823, title = {{Long-term phenological shifts in raptor migration and climate}}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, abstract = {

Climate change is having a discernible effect on many biological and ecological processes. Among observed changes, modifications in bird phenology have been widely documented. However, most studies have interpreted phenological shifts as gradual biological adjustments in response to the alteration of the thermal regime. Here we analysed a long-term dataset (1980-2010) of short-distance migratory raptors in five European regions. We revealed that the responses of these birds to climate-induced changes in autumn temperatures are abrupt and synchronous at a continental scale. We found that when the temperatures increased, birds delayed their mean passage date of autumn migration. Such delay, in addition to an earlier spring migration, suggests that a significant warming may induce an extension of the breeding-area residence time of migratory raptors, which may eventually lead to residency.

}, author = {Jaffre, Mikael and Gr{\'e}gory Beaugrand and Goberville, Eric and Jiguet, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Kjell{\'e}n, Nils and Troost, Gerard and Dubois, Philippe J. and Lepr{\^e}tre, Alain and Christophe Luczak} }