@article {6866, title = {A current synthesis on the effects of electric and magnetic fields emitted by submarine power cables on invertebrates}, journal = {Marine Environmental Research}, volume = {159}, year = {2020}, pages = {104958}, abstract = {The goal of clean renewable energy production has promoted the large-scale deployment of marine renewable energy devices, and their associated submarine cable network. Power cables produce both electric and magnetic fields that raise environmental concerns as many marine organisms have magneto and electroreception abilities used for vital purposes. Magnetic and electric fields{\quotesinglbase}{\"A}{\^o} intensities decrease with distance away from the cable. Accordingly, the benthic and the sedimentary compartments are exposed to the highest field values. Although marine invertebrate species are the major fauna of these potentially exposed areas, they have so far received little attention. We provide extensive background knowledge on natural and anthropogenic marine sources of magnetic and electric fields. We then compile evidence for magneto- and electro-sensitivity in marine invertebrates and further highlight what is currently known about their interactions with artificial sources of magnetic and electric fields. Finally we discuss the main gaps and future challenges that require further investigation.}, issn = {0141-1136}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104958}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141113619307706}, author = {Luana Albert and Fran{\c c}ois Deschamps and Aur{\'e}lie Jolivet and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Laurent Chauvaud and Sylvain Chauvaud} } @article {5830, title = {Coastal waters freshening and extreme seasonality affect organic matter sources, quality, and transfers in a High Arctic fjord (Young Sound, Greenland)}, journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series}, volume = {610}, year = {2019}, pages = {15-31}, abstract = {

Arctic benthic ecosystems are expected to experience strong modifications in the dynamics of primary producers and/or benthic-pelagic coupling under climate change. However, lack of knowledge about the influence of physical constraints (e.g. ice-melting associated gradients) on organic matter sources, quality, and transfers in systems such as fjords can impede predictions of the evolution of benthic-pelagic coupling in response to global warming. Here, sources and quality of particulate organic matter (POM) and sedimentary organic matter (SOM) were characterized along an inner-outer gradient in a High Artic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland) exposed to extreme seasonal and physical constraints (ice-melting associated gradients). The influence of the seasonal variability of food sources on 2 dominant filter-feeding bivalves (Astarte moerchi and Mya truncata) was also investigated. Results revealed the critical impact of long sea ice/snow cover conditions prevailing in Young Sound corresponding to a period of extremely poor and degraded POM and SOM. Freshwater inputs had a very local impact during summer, with relatively more degraded POM at the surface compared to bottom waters that were less nutritionally depleted but more heterogeneous among the sampled stations. Terrestrial inputs contributed to the SOM composition but showed a large variability along the fjord. Finally, diet analyses underlined the contrasted nutritional conditions, showing much higher lipid reserves in A. moerchi than in M. truncata during winter. Under a scenario with increased freshwater input, such results suggest a decline in organic matter quality and production in Young Sound, with subsequent impacts on benthic food webs.

}, doi = {10.3354/meps12857}, url = {https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v610/p15-31/}, author = {Bridier, Guillaume and Tarik Meziane and Grall, Jacques and Laurent Chauvaud and Sejr, Mikael K. and Menneteau, Sylvain and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier} } @article {4801, title = {Dietary plasticity in the bivalve Astarte moerchi revealed by a multimarker study in two Arctic fjords}, journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series}, volume = {567}, year = {2017}, pages = {157-172}, abstract = {

ABSTRACT: Arctic coastal ecosystems are likely to be strongly affected by predicted environmental changes such as sea-ice decline and increase in freshwater input and turbidity. These changes are expected to impact primary production dynamics and consequently benthic consumers. The trophic relationship between primary producers and benthic primary consumers were compared in 2 Arctic fjords with different seasonal ice-cover: Young Sound (NE Greenland, a high-Arctic fjord) and Kongsfjorden (Svalbard Archipelago, a sub-Arctic fjord). For comparison, we selected the filter-feeding bivalve Astarte moerchi (belonging to the complex A. borealis), which has a broad geographical distribution in the Arctic. The bivalve digestive glands and food sources were characterized with fatty acids (FAs), bulk stable isotopes, and compound-specific stable isotopes of individual FAs. Our results suggest that diatoms of pelagic and/or benthic origin are the main contributors to the A. moerchi diet in Young Sound and make up a less important fraction of the diet in the Kongsfjorden population. A contribution by sympagic diatoms is clearly excluded in the sub-Arctic fjord and needs to be further assessed in the Arctic fjord. The A. moerchi diet in sub-Arctic Kongsfjorden is more diversified, varies with season, and has contributions from dinoflagellates and macroalgal detritus. These results, together with higher concentrations of total FAs in the Young Sound population, demonstrated and characterized the trophic plasticity of this bivalve species. Based on these results, we discuss potential effects of environmental factors (shifts in trophic resources, increase in turbidity) for A. moerchi populations in changing Arctic ecosystems.

}, author = {De Cesare, S and Tarik Meziane and Laurent Chauvaud and Richard, J and Sejr, M K and Th{\'e}bault, J and Winkler, G and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier} } @article {4800, title = {Food resources of the bivalve Astarte elliptica in a sub-Arctic fjord: a multi-biomarker approach}, journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series}, volume = {567}, year = {2017}, pages = {139-156}, abstract = {

ABSTRACT: It is generally agreed that pelagic-benthic coupling is tight on Arctic shelves, i.e. that organic matter produced in the surface layers supports the seafloor and benthos. However, this paradigm is mainly based on the assumption that phytoplankton and ice algae are the main sources of carbon for the benthic communities. Climate change is expected to alter the relative contribution of food sources for benthic organisms. Macroalgal biomass is predicted to increase in near-shore systems in response to increased temperature and reduced sea ice cover. Thus, a better understanding of the relative contribution of benthic and pelagic components in benthic food webs in the Arctic is needed. In this study, a multi-biomarker approach (stable isotopes, fatty acid trophic markers, and compound-specific stable isotope analysis) was applied to link potential sources of carbon, including particulate organic matter from subsurface and bottom waters, sediment organic matter, and 6 macroalgal species to the diet of the bivalve Astarte elliptica collected below the euphotic zone in a sub-Arctic fjord (Kobbefjord, Greenland). Results showed that A. elliptica feeds on particulate and sediment organic matter and that brown macroalgae significantly support the Arctic benthic food web. Multi-biomarker approaches can be used to determine the diet of benthic organisms and track temporal variability in sources of food. It therefore appears to be an interesting method to study food regime strategies in response to changing primary production dynamics.

}, author = {Gaillard, B and Tarik Meziane and R{\'e}jean Tremblay and P Archambault and Blicher, M E and Laurent Chauvaud and Rysgaard, S and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier} } @article {5231, title = {Mercury contamination level and speciation inventory in Lakes Titicaca and Uru-Uru (Bolivia): Current status and future trends}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {231, Part 1}, year = {2017}, pages = {262 - 270}, abstract = {

Aquatic ecosystems of the Bolivian Altiplano (\~{}3800 m a.s.l.) are characterized by extreme hydro-climatic constrains (e.g., high UV-radiations and low oxygen) and are under the pressure of increasing anthropogenic activities, unregulated mining, agricultural and urban development. We report here a complete inventory of mercury (Hg) levels and speciation in the water column, atmosphere, sediment and key sentinel organisms (i.e., plankton, fish and birds) of two endorheic Lakes of the same watershed differing with respect to their size, eutrophication and contamination levels. Total Hg (THg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) concentrations in filtered water and sediment of Lake Titicaca are in the lowest range of reported levels in other large lakes worldwide. Downstream, Hg levels are 3-10 times higher in the shallow eutrophic Lake Uru-Uru than in Lake Titicaca due to high Hg inputs from the surrounding mining region. High percentages of MMHg were found in the filtered and unfiltered water rising up from \<1 to \~{}50\% THg from the oligo/hetero-trophic Lake Titicaca to the eutrophic Lake Uru-Uru. Such high \%MMHg is explained by a high in situ MMHg production in relation to the sulfate rich substrate, the low oxygen levels of the water column, and the stabilization of MMHg due to abundant ligands present in these alkaline waters. Differences in MMHg concentrations in water and sediments compartments between Lake Titicaca and Uru-Uru were found to mirror the offset in MMHg levels that also exist in their respective food webs. This suggests that in situ MMHg baseline production is likely the main factor controlling MMHg levels in fish species consumed by the local population. Finally, the increase of anthropogenic pressure in Lake Titicaca may probably enhance eutrophication processes which favor MMHg production and thus accumulation in water and biota.

}, keywords = {Titicaca}, issn = {0269-7491}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.009}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117320572}, author = {S. Gu{\'e}dron and D. Point and D. Acha and S. Bouchet and P.A. Baya and E. Tessier and M. Monperrus and C.I. Molina and A. Groleau and Laurent Chauvaud and J. Thebault and E. Amice and L. Alanoca and C. Duwig and G. Uzu and Lazzaro, Xavier and A. Bertrand and S. Bertrand and C. Barbraud and K. Delord and Gibon, Francois-Marie and C. Ibanez and M. Flores and P. Fernandez Saavedra and M.E. Ezpinoza and C. Heredia and F. Rocha and C. Zepita and D. Amouroux} } @article {4519, title = {Validation of trophic and anthropic underwater noise as settlement trigger in blue mussels}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2016}, pages = {33829}, author = {Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and R{\'e}jean Tremblay and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Gervaise, C{\'e}dric and R{\'e}mi Sonier and Genard, Bertrand and Laurent Chauvaud} }