@article {9296, title = {Effects of anthropogenic magnetic fields on the behavior of a major predator of the intertidal and subtidal zones, the velvet crab Necora puber}, journal = {Marine Environmental Research}, volume = {190}, year = {2023}, month = {Jan-09-2023}, pages = {106106}, abstract = {With the progress of the offshore renewable energy sector and electrical interconnection projects, a substantial rise in the number of submarine power cables is expected soon. Such cables emit either alternating or direct current magnetic fields whose impact on marine invertebrates is currently unknown and hardly studied. In this context, this study aimed to assess potential short-term exposure (30\ min) effects of both alternating and direct magnetic fields of increasing intensity (72{\textendash}304\ μT) on the behavior of the high-ecological value velvet crab (Necora puber). Three experiments were designed to evaluate whether the strongest magnetic field intensities induce crabs{\textquoteright} attraction or repulsion responses, and whether foraging and sheltering behaviors may be modified. We extracted from video analyses several variables as the time budgets crabs spent immobile, moving, feeding, or sheltering as well as total and maximal distance reached in the magnetic field (MF) gradient. The crabs exposed to artificial MF did not exhibit significant behavioral changes compared with those exposed to the {\textquotedblleft}natural{\textquotedblright} MF. Overall, our results suggest that, at such intensities, artificial magnetic fields do not significantly alter behaviors of N. puber. Nevertheless, future studies should be conducted to examine the effects of longer exposure periods and to detect potential habituation or resilience processes.}, keywords = {Behavior, Crustaceans, Magnetic fields, Magneto-sensitivity, Marine renewable energy devices, Submarine power cables}, issn = {01411136}, doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106106}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0141113623002349}, author = {Albert, Luana and Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and Chauvaud, Laurent and Chauvaud, Sylvain} } @article {9217, title = {Impact of vessel noise on feeding behavior and growth of zooplanktonic species}, journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science}, volume = {10}, year = {2023}, month = {Mar-05-2024}, pages = {1111466}, abstract = {Anthropogenic noise is a pervasive feature of the coastal ocean soundscape and is intensifying as vessel traffic activity increases. Low-frequency sounds from wave action on coastal reefs or anthropogenic noise have been shown to initiate larval settlement of marine invertebrates and accelerate metamorphosis to juvenile stages. These results suggest that some planktonic species can perceive and be impacted by anthropogenic sound. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that vessel noise has an impact on the feeding behavior of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) veligers and of the copepod Eurytemora herdmani as well as on the growth of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. The results show that microalgae and feeding behavior of early life stages of mussels and copepods are not influenced by the presence of vessel noise. The growth of the rotifers was similar between the two sound treatments, but rotifers{\textquoteright} egg production in the absence of vessel noise was higher and eggs were also larger. Our results suggest that the effects of noise on plankton are complex; much more work is needed to unravel these often subtle effects.}, keywords = {bioacoustic, clearance rate, Growth, vessel noise emission, Zooplankton}, doi = {10.3389/fmars.2023.1111466}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1111466/full}, author = {Aspirault, Ariane and Winkler, Gesche and Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and Audet, C{\'e}line and Chauvaud, Laurent and Juanes, Francis and Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Tremblay, Rejean} } @article {8692, title = {Can~artificial~magnetic~fields~alter the~functional~role~of~the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis?}, journal = {Marine Biology}, volume = {169}, year = {2022}, month = {Jan-06-2022}, abstract = {Along European coasts, the rapid expansion of marine renewable energy devices and their buried power cables, raises major societal concerns regarding the potential effects of their magnetic field emissions (MFs) on marine species and ecosystem functioning. MFs occur at a local spatial scale, which makes sessile species the primary target of chronic and high-intensity exposures. Some of them, as ecosystem engineers, have critical functions in coastal habitats whose behavioral alteration may drive profound consequences at the ecosystem level. In this context, the present experimental study explored the effects of short exposure to direct current MFs, on the feeding behavior of a widespread ecosystem engineer, the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). A repeated measure design was carried out with adult mussels successively exposed to control treatment (ambient magnetic field of 47 μT) and artificial MF treatment (direct current of 300 μT produced by Helmholtz coils), as measured around power cables. The filtration activity was assessed through valve gap monitoring using an automated image analysis system. The clearance rate was estimated simultaneously by measuring the decrease in algal concentration using flow cytometry. Our findings revealed that mussels placed in MF treatment did not exhibit observable differences in valve activity and filtration rate, thus suggesting that, at such an intensity, artificial MFs do not significantly impair their feeding behavior. However, additional research is required to investigate the sensitivity of other life stages, the effects of mid to long-term exposure to alternative and direct current fields and to test various MF intensities.}, keywords = {Coastal environments, Ecosystem engineers, Filter-feeders, Magnetic fields, Mytilus edulis, Submarine power cables}, issn = {0025-3162}, doi = {10.1007/s00227-022-04065-4}, url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00227-022-04065-4}, author = {Albert, Luana and Maire, Olivier and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Lambert, Christophe and Romero-Ramirez, Alicia and Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and Chauvaud, Laurent and Chauvaud, Sylvain} } @article {8448, title = {Insights into the behavioural responses of juvenile thornback ray}, journal = {Journal of Fish Biology}, year = {2022}, month = {Apr-01-2022}, abstract = {As part of energy transition, marine renewable energy devices (MRED) are currently expanding in developed countries inducing the deployment of dense networks of submarine power cables. Concern has thus raised about the cable magnetic emissions (direct or alternating current) because of potential interference with the sensorial environment of magneto-sensitive species, such as sharks and rays. This study sought to assess the short-term behavioural responses of juvenile thornback rays (Raja clavata) (n = 15) to direct and alternating (50 Hz) uniform 450-μT artificial magnetic fields using 1 h focal-sampling design based on a detailed ethogram. Careful control of magnetic fields{\textquoteright} temporal and spatial scales was obtained in laboratory conditions through a custom-made Helmholtz coil device. Overall, qualitative or quantitative behavioural responses of juvenile rays did not significantly vary between control vs. exposed individuals over the morning period. Nonetheless, rays under direct current magnetic field increased their activity over the midday period. Synchronisation patterns were also observed for individuals receiving alternating current exposure (chronologic and qualitative similarities) coupled with a high interindividual variance. Further studies should consider larger batches of juveniles to address the effect of long-term exposure and explore the sensitivity range of rays with dose-response designs.}, issn = {0022-1112}, doi = {10.1111/jfb.14978}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.14978}, author = {Albert, Luana and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and Chauvaud, Laurent and Chauvaud, Sylvain} } @article {8739, title = {Passive acoustics suggest two different feeding mechanisms in the Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus)}, journal = {Polar Biology}, year = {2022}, month = {Sep-06-2023}, abstract = {The vocal repertoire of walruses has been widely described in the bioacoustic literature. These marine mammals produce several distinct types of vocalizations for intraspecific communication during the breeding season. In this study, we provide the first evidence of walrus-generated sounds during foraging dives when they feed on bivalves. We recorded two types of sounds that we associated to different feeding mechanisms. The first sound type was brief and low in frequency that we relate to the suction of soft parts from the bivalves{\textquoteright} shells through the use of walrus powerful tongues, which is the common feeding behavior reported in the walrus literature. We also recorded a second sound type composed of multiple broadband pulse trains. We hypothesize the latter were associated with bivalve shell cracking by walruses, which would represent a new feeding mechanism in the walrus literature. This new feeding mechanism is either related to bivalves{\textquoteright} ecology or to walruses removing the sediment when searching for food. During this study, we observed bivalves lying on the seafloor instead of being buried in the sediment in walrus feeding areas while scuba diving. As a result, walruses cannot use suction to feed on soft body part of bivalves and have to use another strategy, mastication. Our findings provide a first step towards using passive acoustics to quantify walrus behavior and feeding ecology.}, keywords = {Bioacoustics, bivalves, Feeding Behavior, Marine mammal, Young Sound fjord}, issn = {0722-4060}, doi = {10.1007/s00300-022-03055-y}, url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00300-022-03055-y}, author = {J{\'e}z{\'e}quel, Youenn and Mathias, Delphine and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Amice, Erwan and Chauvaud, Sylvain and Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and Bonnel, Julien and Sejr, Mikael K. and Chauvaud, Laurent} } @article {7202, title = {Anthropogenic boat noise reduces feeding success in winter flounder larvae (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)}, journal = {Environmental Biology of Fishes}, volume = {103}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-09-2020}, pages = {1079 - 1090}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to explore an emerging discipline addressing the impact of anthropogenic noise on larval stages of marine organisms. We assessed the influence of boat noise on the feeding behaviour of the pelagic larvae of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Walbaum, 1792). The hypothesis was that boat noise influences the feeding behaviour of P. americanus flounder larvae independently of prey\  density. Aquaria containing P. americanus larvae were placed in water baths in which boat noise was diffused for the {\textquotedblleft}noise{\textquotedblright} treatment and compared to control aquaria with no sound emissions. Larvae were filmed\  using cameras placed above the aquaria and their behaviour was recorded. Larvae exposed to anthropogenic noise displayed significantly fewer hunting events than controls, and their stomach volumes were\  significantly smaller. This noise effect was the same at all prey densities used, suggesting that larval feeding behaviour is negatively impaired by anthropogenic noise.}, keywords = {Feeding behaviour}, issn = {0378-1909}, doi = {10.1007/s10641-020-01005-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10641-020-01005-3}, author = {Gendron, Gilberte and Tremblay, Rejean and Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Chauvaud, Laurent and Winkler, Gesche and Audet, C{\'e}line} } @article {7187, title = {Shells of the bivalve Astarte moerchi give new evidence of a strong pelagic-benthic coupling shift occurring since the late 1970s in the North Water polynya}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences}, volume = {378}, year = {2020}, month = {Feb-10-2020}, pages = {20190353}, abstract = {Climate changes in the Arctic may weaken the currently tight pelagic-benthic coupling. In response to decreasing sea ice cover, arctic marine systems are expected to shift from a {\textquoteleft}sea-ice algae{\textendash}benthos{\textquoteright} to a {\textquoteleft}phytoplankton-zooplankton{\textquoteright} dominance. We used mollusc shells as bioarchives and fatty acid trophic markers to estimate the effects of the reduction of sea ice cover on the food exported to the seafloor. Bathyal bivalve\ Astarte moerchi\ living at 600 m depth in northern Baffin Bay reveals a clear shift in growth variations and Ba/Ca ratios since the late 1970s, which we relate to a change in food availability. Tissue fatty acid compositions show that this species feeds mainly on microalgae exported from the euphotic zone to the seabed. We, therefore, suggest that changes in pelagic-benthic coupling are likely due either to local changes in sea ice dynamics, mediated through bottom-up regulation exerted by sea ice on phytoplankton production, or to a mismatch between phytoplankton bloom and zooplankton grazing due to phenological change. Both possibilities allow a more regular and increased transfer of food to the seabed.

This article is part of the theme issue {\textquoteleft}The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning{\textquoteright}.}, issn = {1364-503X}, doi = {10.1098/rsta.2019.0353}, url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2019.0353}, author = {Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Gaillard, Blandine and Thebault, Julien and Tarik Meziane and Tremblay, Rejean and Dumont, Dany and B{\'e}langer, Simon and Gosselin, Michel and Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and Chauvaud, Laurent and Martel, Andr{\'e} L. and Rysgaard, S{\o}ren and Olivier, Anne-H{\'e}l{\`e}ne and Pettr{\'e}, Julien and Mars, J{\'e}r{\^o}me and Gerber, Silvain and Archambault, Philippe} } @article {4519, title = {Validation of trophic and anthropic underwater noise as settlement trigger in blue mussels}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2016}, pages = {33829}, author = {Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and R{\'e}jean Tremblay and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Gervaise, C{\'e}dric and R{\'e}mi Sonier and Genard, Bertrand and Laurent Chauvaud} }