@article {3516,
	title = {Effect of in vitro exposure to zinc on immunological parameters of haemocytes from the marine gastropod Haliotis tuberculata.},
	journal = {Fish Shellfish Immunol},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010 Nov},
	pages = {846-53},
	abstract = {<p>Environmental pollutants such as heavy metals exert immunotoxic effects on aquatic organisms. The immune defence of molluscs is comprised of cell-mediated and humoral mechanisms, in which haemocytes play a key role. In this study, a model based on primary cultured haemocytes from the gastropod mollusc Haliotis tuberculata was established to investigate the effects of zinc in vitro. Cells were exposed for 24 h to ZnCl(2) concentrations of 0, 10, 100 or 1000 microM. The effects of zinc on haemocyte parameters were investigated using morphological, spectrophotometric and flow cytometry analysis. Immunotoxicity was reflected by a significant decrease in the number of viable haemocytes (LC(50)(24 h) = 314 microM). Moreover, the cell area was dramatically reduced, and the percentage of rounded cells increased with increasing zinc concentrations. Exposure to 1000 muM zinc induced a significant reduction in acid phosphatase activity, phagocytic activity and reactive oxygen species production in haemocytes. However, several haemocyte parameters increased significantly after 24 h of zinc exposure. In response to a 1000 microM exposure, the phenoloxidase level was 26-fold higher than that of the control, and non-specific esterase activity was increased by 69\% above that of the control. These results suggest a relationship between zinc exposure and alterations in the functional responses of haemocytes from H. tuberculata.</p>
},
	keywords = {Acid Phosphatase, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Environmental Pollutants, Esterases, Flow Cytometry, France, Gastropoda, Hemocytes, In Vitro Techniques, Lethal Dose 50, Models, Immunological, Monophenol Monooxygenase, Phagocytosis, Reactive Oxygen Species, Tetrazolium Salts, Thiazoles, Zinc},
	issn = {1095-9947},
	doi = {10.1016/j.fsi.2010.07.022},
	author = {Mottin, E and Christelle Caplat and M-L Mahaut and Katherine Costil and D Barillier and Jean-Marc Lebel and Antoine Serpentini}
}
