@article {4139,
	title = {Cloning of endothelin-1 (ET-1) from European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and its gene expression analysis in larvae with retinoic acid-induced malformations},
	journal = {Aquaculture},
	volume = {287},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {169 - 173},
	abstract = {<p>It is known in vertebrates that endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays a key role in morphogenesis whose expression level greatly influences the development of craniofacial malformations. In the present study, the complete cDNA fragment encoding a precursor of endothelin-1, the preproendothelin-1 (PPET1), was cloned by RACE-PCR from European sea bass. The cDNA encoded a 199 amino acid polypeptide that was composed of the {\textquotedblleft}mature{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}big{\textquotedblright} ET-1. Relative ET-1 expression levels were investigated in European sea bass larvae fed microparticulate diets containing the standard amount (0.08\&nbsp;g retinol/kg diet: group N) or an excess of retinoic acid which induces skeletal malformations (0.5\&nbsp;g retinol/kg diet: group RA). Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that \{PPET1\} mRNA levels were sensitively reduced in the \{RA\} group during early development (days 10 and 15 post hatching). Regulation of ET-1 gene expression in larvae fed the teratogenic level of vitamin A confirmed the involvement of ET-1 in the molecular mechanism involved in craniofacial deformities. These results suggest that the expression level of ET-1 may be used as a precocious molecular marker to predict malformations during European sea bass development.</p>
},
	keywords = {European sea bass},
	issn = {0044-8486},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.011},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0044848608007436},
	author = {Geay, F and Darias, Maria and Santigosa, E and Desbruyeres, Elisabeth and Quazuguel, Patrick and Zambonino-Infante, J and Cahu, Chantal L and Mazurais, D}
}
