@article {3506,
	title = {Sub-chronic exposure to fluoxetine in juvenile oysters (Crassostrea gigas): uptake and biological effects.},
	journal = {Environ Sci Pollut Res Int},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2014 Oct 15},
	abstract = {<p>The bioconcentration potential of fluoxetine (FLX) and its biological effects were investigated in juvenile Pacific oyster exposed for 28\&nbsp;days to environmentally relevant concentrations of FLX (1\&nbsp;ng L(-1), 100\&nbsp;ng L(-1) and up to 10\&nbsp;μg\&nbsp;L(-1)). FLX bioaccumulated in oyster flesh resulting in 28-day bioconcentration factors greater than 2,000 and 10,000 by referring to wet and dry weights, respectively. Nevertheless, FLX did not induce oyster mortality, delayed gametogenesis, or lead to adverse histopathological alterations. At the two highest concentrations, despite non-optimal trophic conditions, FLX stimulated shell growth but only in a transient manner, suggesting a role of serotonin in the regulation of feeding and metabolism in bivalves. Those high concentrations seemed to drive bell-shaped responses of catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities throughout the exposure period, which may indicate the activation of antioxidant enzyme synthesis and then an enhanced catabolic rate or direct inhibition of those enzymes. However, no clear oxidative stress was detected because no strong differences in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) content (i.e. lipid peroxidation) were observed between oyster groups, suggesting that cellular defence mechanisms were effective. These results demonstrate the importance of considering additional biomarkers of oxidative stress to obtain a comprehensive overview of the FLX-induced changes in marine bivalves exposed under realistic conditions. Considering the battery of biomarkers used, FLX appears to induce little or no effects on oyster physiology even at a concentration of 10\&nbsp;μg\&nbsp;L(-1). These results do not confirm the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values reported by some authors in other mollusc species.</p>
},
	issn = {1614-7499},
	doi = {10.1007/s11356-014-3702-1},
	author = {Di Poi, C and L Evariste and S{\'e}guin, Alexis and Mottier, A and Pedelucq, Julie and Jean-Marc Lebel and Antoine Serpentini and Budzinski, H{\'e}l{\`e}ne and Katherine Costil}
}
@article {3428,
	title = {Comparison of the sensitivity of seven marine and freshwater bioassays as regards antidepressant toxicity assessment.},
	journal = {Ecotoxicology},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Nov},
	pages = {1744-54},
	abstract = {<p>The hazards linked to pharmaceutical residues like antidepressants are currently a major concern of ecotoxicology because they may have adverse effects on non-target aquatic organisms. Our study assesses the ecotoxicity of three antidepressants (fluoxetine, sertraline and clomipramine) using a battery of marine and freshwater species representing different trophic levels, and compares the bioassay sensitivity levels. We selected the following bioassays: the algal growth inhibition test (Skeletonema marinoi and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), the microcrustacean immobilization test (Artemia salina and Daphnia magna), development and adult survival tests on Hydra attenuata, embryotoxicity and metamorphosis tests on Crassostrea gigas, and in vitro assays on primary cultures of Haliotis tuberculata hemocytes. The results showed high inter-species variability in EC50-values ranging from 43 to 15,600\&nbsp;{\textmu}g/L for fluoxetine, from 67 to 4,400\&nbsp;{\textmu}g/L for sertraline, and from 4.70\&nbsp;{\textmu}g/L to more than 100,000\&nbsp;{\textmu}g/L for clomipramine. Algae (S. marinoi and P. subcapitata) and the embryo-larval stages of the oyster C. gigas were the most sensitive taxa. This raises an issue due to their ecological and/or economic importance. The marine crustacean A. salina was the least sensitive species. This difference in sensitivity between bioassays highlights the importance of using a test battery.</p>
},
	issn = {1573-3017},
	doi = {10.1007/s10646-014-1339-y},
	author = {Minguez, Laetitia and Di Poi, C and Farcy, E and Ballandonne, C{\'e}line and Benchouala, Amira and Bojic, Cl{\'e}ment and Cossu-Leguille, Carole and Katherine Costil and Antoine Serpentini and Jean-Marc Lebel and Halm-Lemeille, Marie-Pierre}
}
