@article {9717, title = {Diversity and spatial variability of shallow benthic macrofaunal assemblages in a high-Arctic fjord (Young Sound, North-East Greenland)}, journal = {Polar Biology}, volume = {47}, year = {2024}, month = {Jan-04-2024}, pages = {333 - 348}, abstract = {Although knowledge of Arctic benthic biodiversity has increased considerably in recent decades, some regions, such asNortheast Greenland, remain poorly studied. The aim of this study was to complement a previous macrofaunal inventorycarried out in Young Sound, a High-Arctic fjord in this region (74{\textdegree}N). We sampled shallow benthic assemblages along asmall inner/outer fjord gradient, including one station previously prospected two decades ago and three new stations. Thissampling strategy revealed highly diversified benthic assemblages (166 species identified on a total sampling area of 1.32m2), which considerably increases the number of species recorded for the fjord (i.e. 225 species vs 100 previously recorded).The outermost station was dominated in abundance by various assemblages of bivalves, while the middle stations showedgreater species evenness, including numerous species of polychaetes, bivalves and crustaceans. The innermost station wasdominated by ostracods, gammarid amphipods and tube-dwelling polychaetes. Overall, benthic assemblages varied little between the four stations and the transect as a whole exhibited characteristics typical of outer fjord habitats, reflecting the rather moderate impact of meltwater inputs in this part of the fjord. Finally, trophic plasticity and omnivory were observed in most of the recorded macrobenthic species, highlighting the adaptability of these species to low trophic availability in the ecosystem. Future biodiversity studies will need to explore the innermost and deepest areas to provide a more comprehensive inventory and understanding of the influence of environmental conditions on the structure and functioning of Young Sound benthic habitats.}, keywords = {Arctic fjord, benthic ecosystems, community structure, Macrofauna, meltwater inputs}, issn = {0722-4060}, doi = {10.1007/s00300-024-03235-y}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00300-024-03235-y}, author = {Bridier, Guillaume and Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Pinsivy, Lucas and Jourde, J{\'e}r{\^o}me and Chauvaud, Laurent and Sejr, Mikael K. and Burel, Thomas and Le Duff, Michel and Grall, Jacques} } @article {9720, title = {Noise pollution causes parental stress on marine invertebrates, the Giant scallop example}, journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin}, volume = {203}, year = {2024}, month = {Jan-06-2024}, pages = {116454}, abstract = {In marine invertebrates, abiotic stresses on adults can act directly on gametes quality, which impacts phenotype and development success of the offspring. Human activities introduce noise pollution in the marine environment but still few studies on invertebrates have considered the impacts on adult or larval stages separately, and to our knowledge, never investigated the cross-generational effects of anthropogenic noise. This article explores parental effects of pile driving noise associated with the building phase of offshore wind turbines on a coastal invertebrate, Pecten maximus (L.). Adults were exposed to increasing levels of sound during gametogenesis, then their offspring were also exposed. The results highlight that anthropogenic noise experienced by the parents reduces their reproductive investment and modify larval response in similar conditions. Also, larvae from exposed adults grew 6-fold faster and metamorphosed 5-fold faster, which could be an amplified adaptive strategy to reduce the pelagic phase in a stressful environment.}, keywords = {Anthropophony, Larvae recruitment, Parental effects, Pile driving}, issn = {0025326X}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116454}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116454}, author = {Gigot, Mathilde and Tremblay, Rejean and Bonnel, Julien and Mathias, Delphine and Meziane, Tarik and Chauvaud, Laurent and Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric} } @article {9026, title = {Assessing the impacts of anthropogenic sounds on early stages of benthic invertebrates: The {\textquoteright}Larvosonic system{\textquoteright}.}, journal = {Limnology and Oceanography: Methods}, year = {2023}, month = {Mar-12-2023}, abstract = {Noise produced by human activities has increased in the oceans over the last decades. Whereas most studies have focused on the impact of anthropogenic noise on marine mammals and fishes, those focusing on marine invertebrates\  are\  rarer\  and\  more\  recent,\  especially\  when\  considering\  peri-metamorphic\  benthic\  stages,\  highly sensitive to\  anthropogenic perturbations. A\  careful review\  of the literature reveals\  a\  simplistic characterization of the acoustics within the containers used to quantify larval and juvenile responses to noise, thus weakening the conclusions of such works. To address this problem, we developed the Larvosonic system, a laboratory tank equipped\  with\  acoustic assets\  to\  assess\  the\  impacts\  of\  noise\  on\  young\  stages\  of\  marine\  invertebrates.\  We\  first provide\  a\  careful\  analysis\  of\  the\  tank\  sound\  field\  using\  different\  sound types,\  and\  we\  assess\  the\  effects\  of expanded polystyrene units on the sounds emitted by a professional audio system in order to dampen reverbera- tion\  and\  resonance. Then,\  we\  apply\  this\  acoustic\  calibration\  to\  the\  effects\  of\  both\  pile\  driving\  and\  drilling noises on postlarvae of the scallop bivalve Pecten maximus. Acoustic recordings highlight that diffuser and bass trap\  components\  constitute\  effective\  underwater\  sound\  absorbents,\  reducing\  the\  reflection\  of\  the\  whole\  fre- quency bandwidth. Scallop experiments reveal that both type and level of the tested noise influenced postlarval growth,\  with\  interactive\  effects\  between\  trophic\  environment\  and\  noise\  level/spectra. The\  Larvosonic\  system thus constitutes an efficient tool for bioacoustics research on bentho-planktonic invertebrate species."

\ }, issn = {1541-5856}, doi = {10.1002/lom3.10527}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lom3.10527}, author = {Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Gigot, Mathilde and Mathias, Delphine and J{\'e}z{\'e}quel, Youenn and Meziane, Tarik and L{\textquoteright}Her, Christophe and Chauvaud, Laurent and Bonnel, Julien} } @article {9296, title = {Effects of anthropogenic magnetic fields on the behavior of a major predator of the intertidal and subtidal zones, the velvet crab Necora puber}, journal = {Marine Environmental Research}, volume = {190}, year = {2023}, month = {Jan-09-2023}, pages = {106106}, abstract = {With the progress of the offshore renewable energy sector and electrical interconnection projects, a substantial rise in the number of submarine power cables is expected soon. Such cables emit either alternating or direct current magnetic fields whose impact on marine invertebrates is currently unknown and hardly studied. In this context, this study aimed to assess potential short-term exposure (30\ min) effects of both alternating and direct magnetic fields of increasing intensity (72{\textendash}304\ μT) on the behavior of the high-ecological value velvet crab (Necora puber). Three experiments were designed to evaluate whether the strongest magnetic field intensities induce crabs{\textquoteright} attraction or repulsion responses, and whether foraging and sheltering behaviors may be modified. We extracted from video analyses several variables as the time budgets crabs spent immobile, moving, feeding, or sheltering as well as total and maximal distance reached in the magnetic field (MF) gradient. The crabs exposed to artificial MF did not exhibit significant behavioral changes compared with those exposed to the {\textquotedblleft}natural{\textquotedblright} MF. Overall, our results suggest that, at such intensities, artificial magnetic fields do not significantly alter behaviors of N. puber. Nevertheless, future studies should be conducted to examine the effects of longer exposure periods and to detect potential habituation or resilience processes.}, keywords = {Behavior, Crustaceans, Magnetic fields, Magneto-sensitivity, Marine renewable energy devices, Submarine power cables}, issn = {01411136}, doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106106}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0141113623002349}, author = {Albert, Luana and Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and Chauvaud, Laurent and Chauvaud, Sylvain} } @article {9114, title = {Effects of anthropogenic sounds on the behavior and physiology of the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica)}, journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science}, volume = {10}, year = {2023}, month = {Apr-03-2024}, abstract = {Introduction: Noise pollution is a major stressor in the marine environment; however, responses of economically and ecologically important invertebrates, such as oysters, are largely unknown. Methods: Under laboratory conditions, we measured acute behavioral and physiological responses of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) to sound treatments mimicking human activity in the environment.
Results: Oysters immediately reduced their valve gape under simulated pile driving sound, but not drilling or boating sound. Pile-driving sound also reduced adductor muscle glycogen, but not triglyceride. None of the sound treatments affected longer-term (12 hours) valve activity levels after the administration of sounds. Interestingly, neither acute nor longer-term valve gaping responses were correlated with glycogen content on the individual level, suggesting that the observed behavioral responses to sound were not mechanistically driven by energetic physiology.
Discussion: Our results suggest that C. virginica responds to some, but not all, anthropogenic sounds. Future studies assessing downstream effects on growth, reproduction, and survival in the wild are needed to better understand the effects of anthropogenic sounds on oyster populations and the biological communities they support.}, keywords = {animal behavior, coastal ecosystem, energetic physiology, environmental stressors, global change biology, noise pollution}, doi = {10.3389/fmars.2023.1104526}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1104526/full}, author = {Ledoux, Tamara and Clements, Jeff C. and Comeau, Luc A. and Cervello, Gauthier and Tremblay, Rejean and Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Chauvaud, Laurent and Bernier, Ren{\'e}e Y. and Lamarre, Simon G.} } @article {9138, title = {How ocean warming and acidification affect the life cycle of six worldwide commercialised sea urchin species: A review}, journal = {Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries}, year = {2023}, month = {Jul-04-2023}, abstract = {Ongoing global changes are expected to affect the worldwide production of many fisheries and aquaculture systems. Because invertebrates represent a relevant industry, it is crucial to anticipate challenges that are resulting from the current environmental alterations. In this review, we rely on the estimated physiological limits of six commercialised species of sea urchins (Loxechinus albus, Mesocentrotus franciscanus, Paracentrotus lividus, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, Strongylocentrotus\  intermedius and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) to define the vulnerability (or resilience) of their populations facing ocean warming and acidification (OW\&A). Considering that coastal systems do not change uniformly and that the populations{\textquoteright} response to stressors varies depending on their origin, we investigate the effects of OW\&A by including studies that estimate future environmental mutations within their distribution areas. Crossreferencing 79 studies, we find that several sea urchin populations are potentially vulnerable to the predicted OW\&A as environmental conditions in certain regions are expected to shift beyond their estimated physiological limit of tolerance. Specifically, while upper thermal thresholds seem to be respected for L. albus along the SW American coast, M. franciscanus and S. purpuratus southern populations appear to be vulnerable in NW America. Moreover, as a result of the strong warming expected in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions, the local productivity of S. droebachiensis is also potentially largely affected. Finally, populations of S. intermedius and P. lividus found in northern Japan and eastern Mediterranean respectively, are supposed to decline due to large environmental changes brought about by OW\&A. This review highlights the status and the potential of local adaptation of a number of sea urchin populations in response to changing environmental conditions, revealing possible future challenges for various local fishing industries.}, keywords = {Aquaculture, ecophysiology, fishery, Ocean acidification, ocean warming, sea urchin}, issn = {2693-8847}, doi = {10.1002/aff2.107}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aff2.107}, author = {Uboldi, Thomas and Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Chauvaud, Laurent and Tremblay, Rejean} } @article {9216, title = {Impact of anthropogenic sounds (pile driving, drilling and vessels) on the development of model species involved in marine biofoulingTable_1.docx}, journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science}, volume = {10}, year = {2023}, month = {May-05-2023}, pages = {1111505}, abstract = {The uncontrolled colonization of benthic organisms on submerged surfaces, also called biofouling, causes severe damage in the shipping and aquaculture industries. Biofouling starts with a benthic biofilm composed of a complex assemblage of microbes, bacteria and benthic diatoms, calledmicrofouling, on whichmacrofouling invertebrate species settle and grow. Invertebrate larvae may use natural soundscapes to orientate inshore and choose their optimal habitat. Recent studies have demonstrated that ship sounds enhance the larval settlement and growth of several invertebrate species, such as mussels, associated with biofouling. Among invertebrates, effects of sound generated by offshore human activities are still poorly studied. This study aims to assess the effect of pile driving, drilling and vessel sounds on model species associated with micro and macrofouling. First, the biofilm development of Navicula pelliculosa and Amphora coffeaeformis was assessed, then, the larval development of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) was evaluated from the D-veliger to the postlarval stage. Mussel larvae and microalgae were exposed 12 h each day in tanks (Larvosonic) adapted to sound experiments under controlled conditions. All anthropogenic sounds induced a thinner N. pelliculosa biofilm coupled with a lower microalgae concentration. The drilling sound had a stronger effect on the biofilm thickness. The drilling sound significantly reduced the pediveliger settlement and the postlarvae clearance rate by 70.4\% and tended to diminish settler sizes compared to control sound. Contrary to our expectation, pile driving tended to enhance larval recruitment by 22\% (P=0.077) and the boat sound did not stimulate larval settlements or recruitment. Drilling sound generated a stressful acoustic environment for pediveliger settlements and postlarvae seem to maintain their shell valves closed to preserve energy. We identify potential causes andmechanisms involved in these impacts of anthropophony on larval ecology and microfouling dynamics.}, keywords = {anthropogenic sounds, Benthic diatoms, Bioacoustics, Biofouling, larval development, settlement}, doi = {10.3389/fmars.2023.111150510.3389/fmars.2023.1111505.s001}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1111505/full}, author = {Cervello, Gauthier and Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Chauvaud, Laurent and Winkler, Gesche and Mathias, Delphine and Juanes, Francis and Tremblay, Rejean} } @article {9217, title = {Impact of vessel noise on feeding behavior and growth of zooplanktonic species}, journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science}, volume = {10}, year = {2023}, month = {Mar-05-2024}, pages = {1111466}, abstract = {Anthropogenic noise is a pervasive feature of the coastal ocean soundscape and is intensifying as vessel traffic activity increases. Low-frequency sounds from wave action on coastal reefs or anthropogenic noise have been shown to initiate larval settlement of marine invertebrates and accelerate metamorphosis to juvenile stages. These results suggest that some planktonic species can perceive and be impacted by anthropogenic sound. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that vessel noise has an impact on the feeding behavior of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) veligers and of the copepod Eurytemora herdmani as well as on the growth of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. The results show that microalgae and feeding behavior of early life stages of mussels and copepods are not influenced by the presence of vessel noise. The growth of the rotifers was similar between the two sound treatments, but rotifers{\textquoteright} egg production in the absence of vessel noise was higher and eggs were also larger. Our results suggest that the effects of noise on plankton are complex; much more work is needed to unravel these often subtle effects.}, keywords = {bioacoustic, clearance rate, Growth, vessel noise emission, Zooplankton}, doi = {10.3389/fmars.2023.1111466}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1111466/full}, author = {Aspirault, Ariane and Winkler, Gesche and Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and Audet, C{\'e}line and Chauvaud, Laurent and Juanes, Francis and Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Tremblay, Rejean} } @article {9108, title = {Marine invertebrates and noise}, journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science}, volume = {10}, year = {2023}, month = {March-07-2023}, abstract = {Within the set of risk factors that compromise the conservation of marine biodiversity, one of the least understood concerns is the noise produced by human operations at sea and from land. Many aspects of how noise and other forms of energy may impact the natural balance of the oceans are still unstudied. Substantial attention has been devoted in the last decades to determine the sensitivity to noise of marine mammals{\textemdash}especially cetaceans and pinnipeds{\textemdash} and fish because they are known to possess hearing organs. Recent studies have revealed that a wide diversity of invertebrates are also sensitive to sounds, especially via sensory organs whose original function is to allow maintaining equilibrium in the water column and to sense gravity. Marine invertebrates not only represent the largest proportion of marine biomass and are indicators of ocean health but many species also have important socio-economic values. This review presents the current scientific knowledge on invertebrate bioacoustics (sound production, reception, sensitivity), as well as on how marine invertebrates are affected by anthropogenic noises. It also critically revisits the literature to identify gaps that will frame future research investigating the tolerance to noise of marine ecosystems.}, keywords = {marine invertebrates, marine noise pollution, noise effects, particle motion, sound detection, sound pressure, sound production, statocyst}, doi = {10.3389/fmars.2023.1129057}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1129057/full}, author = {Sol{\'e}, Marta and Kaifu, Kenzo and Mooney, T. Aran and Nedelec, Sophie L. and Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Radford, Andrew N. and Vazzana, Mirella and Wale, Matthew A. and Semmens, Jayson M. and Simpson, Stephen D. and Buscaino, Giuseppa and Hawkins, Anthony and Aguilar de Soto, Natacha and Akamatsu, Tomoari and Chauvaud, Laurent and Day, Ryan D. and Fitzgibbon, Quinn and McCauley, Robert D. and Andr{\'e}, Michel} } @article {9245, title = {Physiological condition of the warty venus (Venus verrucosa L. 1758) larvae modulates response to pile driving and drilling underwater sounds}, journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science}, volume = {10}, year = {2023}, month = {Jul-06-2024}, abstract = {Noise is now recognized as a new form of pollution in marine coastal habitats. The development of marine renewable energies has introduced new sonorous perturbations, as the wind farm installation requires pile driving and drilling operations producing low frequency sounds at high sound pressure levels. Exponential expansion of offshore wind farms is occurring worldwide, making impact studies, particularly on benthic species highly abundant and diverse in the coastal area used for wind farming, a necessity. As larval recruitment is the basis for establishing a population, we conducted an experimental study to assess the interactive effects of pile driving or drilling sounds and larval rearing temperature on the endobenthic bivalve Venus verrucosa. In ectothermic animals, temperature modifies the organism{\textquoteright}s physiology, resulting in performance variability. We hypothesize that temperature modulation could change larval responses to noise and explore the potential interacting effects of temperature and noise. Using two distinct rearing temperatures, physiologically different batches of larvae were produced with contrasting fatty acid content and composition in the neutral and polar lipid fractions. Without defining any absolute audition threshold for the larvae, we demonstrate that the effects of temperature and noise were ontogenic-dependent and modulated larval performance at the peri-metamorphic stage, acting on the metamorphosis dynamic. At the pediveligers stage, a strong interaction between both factors indicated that the response to noise was highly related to the physiological condition of the larvae. Finally, we suggest that underwater noise reduces the compensatory mechanisms established to balance the temperature increase.}, keywords = {Anthropophony, energetic metabolism, fatty acids, larval recruitment, Metamorphosis trigger}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1117431}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1117431/full}, author = {Gigot, Mathilde and Tremblay, Rejean and Bonnel, Julien and Chauvaud, Laurent and Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric} } @article {9200, title = {Pile driving and drilling underwater sounds impact the metamorphosis dynamics of Pecten maximus (L., 1758) larvae}, journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin}, volume = {191}, year = {2023}, month = {Jan-06-2023}, pages = {114969}, abstract = {One of the biggest challenges of the 21st century is to reduce carbon emissions and offshore wind turbines seem to be an efficient solution. However, during the installation phase, high levels of noise are emitted whose impacts remain not well known, particularly on benthic marine invertebrates displaying a bentho-planktonic life-cycle. For one century, larval settlement and subsequent recruitment has been considered as a key topic in ecology as it determines largely population renewal. Whereas several recent studies have shown that trophic pelagic but also natural soundscape cues could trigger bivalve settlement, the role of anthropogenic noise remains poorly documented. Therefore, we conducted experiments to assess potential interacting effects of diet and pile driving or drilling sounds on the great scallop (Pecten maximus) larval settlement. We demonstrate here that pile driving noise stimulates both growth and metamorphosis as well as it increases the total lipid content of competent larvae. Conversely, drilling noise reduces both survival and metamorphosis rates. For the first time, we provide evidence of noise impacts associated to MREs installation on P. maximus larvae and discuss about potential consequences on their recruitment.}, keywords = {Anthropophony, larval settlement, Metamorphosis trigger, Pecten maximus, recruitment, Wind turbine}, issn = {0025326X}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114969}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025326X23004010}, author = {Gigot, Mathilde and Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Cervello, Gauthier and Tremblay, Rejean and Mathias, Delphine and Meziane, Tarik and Chauvaud, Laurent and Bonnel, Julien} } @article {9472, title = {Recruitment dynamics of Hiatella arctica within a high Arctic site (Young Sound Fjord, NE Greenland)}, journal = {Polar Biology}, volume = {46}, year = {2023}, month = {Jan-12-2023}, pages = {1275 - 1286}, abstract = {Recruitment dynamics including what determines the success or failure of Arctic benthic invertebrates are poorly known despite their important role for population dynamics. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential influence of extreme physical constraints related to freshwater discharge on the recruitment of a dominant bivalve Hiatella arctica within a High Arctic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland). We collected young recruits over several sampling periods from 2016 to 2018 at two contrasting sites (inner vs. middle fjord) for 5-weeks to 12-months and measured their abundance, size at metamorphosis and lipid class composition. Young stages of H. arctica settled from June to the end of October, when trophic conditions are optimal. We hypothesize that growth stops during winter due to poor trophic conditions. Data suggest that abundance of recruits, their total lipid concentration and composition of lipid classes are similar at both sites. However, size classes were different with six separate cohorts detected at one station and one at the inner station, which may be attributed to discrete spawning events and possible secondary migration. Based on an assessment of their potential age, we hypothesize that spat batches recruiting earlier in the summer exhibit better growth performance probably related to better food quality and quantity.}, keywords = {Arctic, Bivalve recruitment, Lipids classes, prodissoconch II}, issn = {0722-4060}, doi = {10.1007/s00300-023-03201-0}, url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00300-023-03201-0}, author = {Veillard, Delphine and Tremblay, Rejean and Sejr, Mikael K. and Chauvaud, Laurent and Cam, Emmanuelle and Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric} } @article {9473, title = {Seasonal lipid dynamics of four Arctic bivalves: Implications for their physiological capacities to cope with future changes in coastal ecosystemsAbstract}, journal = {Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {13}, year = {2023}, month = {Jan-11-2023}, abstract = {The Arctic is exposed to unprecedented warming, at least three times higher than the global average, which induces significant melting of the cryosphere. Freshwater inputs from melting glaciers will subsequently affect coastal primary production and organic matter quality. However, due to a lack of basic knowledge on the physiology of Arctic organisms, it remains difficult to understand how these future trophic changes will threaten the long-term survival of benthic species in coastal habitats. This study aimed to gain new insights into the seasonal lipid dynamics of four dominant benthic bivalves (Astarte moerchi, Hiatella arctica, Musculus discors, and Mya truncata) collected before and after sea ice break-up in a high-Arctic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland). Total lipid content and fatty acid composition of digestive gland neutral lipids were analyzed to assess bivalve energy reserves while the fatty acid composition of gill polar lipids was determined as a biochemical indicator of interspecies variations in metabolic activity and temperature acclimation. Results showed a decrease in lipid reserves between May and August, suggesting that bivalves have only limited access to fresh organic matter until sea ice break-up. The lack of seasonal variation in the fatty acid composition of neutral lipids, especially essential ω3 fatty acids, indicates that no fatty acid transfer from the digestive glands to the gonads occurs between May and August, and therefore, no reproductive investment takes place during this period. Large interspecies differences in gill fatty acid composition were observed, which appear to be related to differences in species life span and metabolic strategies. Such differences in gill fatty acid composition of polar lipids, which generally influence metabolic rates and energy needs, may imply that not all benthic species will be equally sensitive to future changes in primary production and organic matter quality in Arctic coastal habitats.}, keywords = {Arctic coastal ecosystems, Bivalve, Climate Change, energy reserves, fatty acids, homeoviscous adaptation, meltwater inputs, metabolic rate depression}, issn = {2045-7758}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.v13.1110.1002/ece3.10691}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/20457758/13/11}, author = {Bridier, Guillaume and Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Grall, Jacques and Chauvaud, Laurent and Sejr, Mikael K. and Tremblay, Rejean} } @article {9322, title = {Trace elements in bivalve shells: How {\textquotedblleft}vital effects{\textquotedblright} can bias environmental studies}, journal = {Chemical Geology}, year = {2023}, month = {Jan-08-2023}, pages = {121695}, abstract = {We report on the concentrations of rare earths (REE), Y, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Pb and U in a series of wild scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) collected alive on the same day in Saint Pierre et Miquelon (a French archipelago located south of Newfoundland) and ranging in age from 2 to about 20 years. We analyzed representative fragments from the entire last annual shell growth increment of each animal to assess changes in trace element incorporation with age. No correlation with the age of the animals was obtained for Sr and Mn concentrations, which are quite variable from one individual to another, even of similar age. On the other hand, for REE, Y, Cu, Zn, Ba and U, the concentrations measured in the last annual growth increment formed by animals aged 2 to 7 years are similar. From 8 years of age, the concentrations of these elements increased very strongly (for example for Yb, almost by an order of magnitude between 8 and 20 years of age), and possibly with some variation between individuals of the same age. Two elements show a different behavior: Mg concentrations in the shell margins increase continuously with the age of the animals; Pb concentrations are scattered but seem to decrease with the age of the animals.This turning point in the behavior of the elements from 8 years of age coincides with major metabolic changes, since at this age wild P. magellanicus from Newfoundland reduce their growth, in favor of gamete production. Our results demonstrate that metabolic activity of the animals largely controls the incorporation of many trace elements into the shells. These results demonstrate that the age of the animals must be taken into account when their shells are used to study pollution or (paleo)}, issn = {00092541}, doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121695}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009254123003959}, author = {Barrat, Jean-Alix and Chauvaud, Laurent and Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Poitevin, Pierre and Rouget, Marie-Laure} } @article {8692, title = {Can~artificial~magnetic~fields~alter the~functional~role~of~the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis?}, journal = {Marine Biology}, volume = {169}, year = {2022}, month = {Jan-06-2022}, abstract = {Along European coasts, the rapid expansion of marine renewable energy devices and their buried power cables, raises major societal concerns regarding the potential effects of their magnetic field emissions (MFs) on marine species and ecosystem functioning. MFs occur at a local spatial scale, which makes sessile species the primary target of chronic and high-intensity exposures. Some of them, as ecosystem engineers, have critical functions in coastal habitats whose behavioral alteration may drive profound consequences at the ecosystem level. In this context, the present experimental study explored the effects of short exposure to direct current MFs, on the feeding behavior of a widespread ecosystem engineer, the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). A repeated measure design was carried out with adult mussels successively exposed to control treatment (ambient magnetic field of 47 μT) and artificial MF treatment (direct current of 300 μT produced by Helmholtz coils), as measured around power cables. The filtration activity was assessed through valve gap monitoring using an automated image analysis system. The clearance rate was estimated simultaneously by measuring the decrease in algal concentration using flow cytometry. Our findings revealed that mussels placed in MF treatment did not exhibit observable differences in valve activity and filtration rate, thus suggesting that, at such an intensity, artificial MFs do not significantly impair their feeding behavior. However, additional research is required to investigate the sensitivity of other life stages, the effects of mid to long-term exposure to alternative and direct current fields and to test various MF intensities.}, keywords = {Coastal environments, Ecosystem engineers, Filter-feeders, Magnetic fields, Mytilus edulis, Submarine power cables}, issn = {0025-3162}, doi = {10.1007/s00227-022-04065-4}, url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00227-022-04065-4}, author = {Albert, Luana and Maire, Olivier and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Lambert, Christophe and Romero-Ramirez, Alicia and Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and Chauvaud, Laurent and Chauvaud, Sylvain} } @article {8448, title = {Insights into the behavioural responses of juvenile thornback ray}, journal = {Journal of Fish Biology}, year = {2022}, month = {Apr-01-2022}, abstract = {As part of energy transition, marine renewable energy devices (MRED) are currently expanding in developed countries inducing the deployment of dense networks of submarine power cables. Concern has thus raised about the cable magnetic emissions (direct or alternating current) because of potential interference with the sensorial environment of magneto-sensitive species, such as sharks and rays. This study sought to assess the short-term behavioural responses of juvenile thornback rays (Raja clavata) (n = 15) to direct and alternating (50 Hz) uniform 450-μT artificial magnetic fields using 1 h focal-sampling design based on a detailed ethogram. Careful control of magnetic fields{\textquoteright} temporal and spatial scales was obtained in laboratory conditions through a custom-made Helmholtz coil device. Overall, qualitative or quantitative behavioural responses of juvenile rays did not significantly vary between control vs. exposed individuals over the morning period. Nonetheless, rays under direct current magnetic field increased their activity over the midday period. Synchronisation patterns were also observed for individuals receiving alternating current exposure (chronologic and qualitative similarities) coupled with a high interindividual variance. Further studies should consider larger batches of juveniles to address the effect of long-term exposure and explore the sensitivity range of rays with dose-response designs.}, issn = {0022-1112}, doi = {10.1111/jfb.14978}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.14978}, author = {Albert, Luana and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and Chauvaud, Laurent and Chauvaud, Sylvain} } @article {8739, title = {Passive acoustics suggest two different feeding mechanisms in the Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus)}, journal = {Polar Biology}, year = {2022}, month = {Sep-06-2023}, abstract = {The vocal repertoire of walruses has been widely described in the bioacoustic literature. These marine mammals produce several distinct types of vocalizations for intraspecific communication during the breeding season. In this study, we provide the first evidence of walrus-generated sounds during foraging dives when they feed on bivalves. We recorded two types of sounds that we associated to different feeding mechanisms. The first sound type was brief and low in frequency that we relate to the suction of soft parts from the bivalves{\textquoteright} shells through the use of walrus powerful tongues, which is the common feeding behavior reported in the walrus literature. We also recorded a second sound type composed of multiple broadband pulse trains. We hypothesize the latter were associated with bivalve shell cracking by walruses, which would represent a new feeding mechanism in the walrus literature. This new feeding mechanism is either related to bivalves{\textquoteright} ecology or to walruses removing the sediment when searching for food. During this study, we observed bivalves lying on the seafloor instead of being buried in the sediment in walrus feeding areas while scuba diving. As a result, walruses cannot use suction to feed on soft body part of bivalves and have to use another strategy, mastication. Our findings provide a first step towards using passive acoustics to quantify walrus behavior and feeding ecology.}, keywords = {Bioacoustics, bivalves, Feeding Behavior, Marine mammal, Young Sound fjord}, issn = {0722-4060}, doi = {10.1007/s00300-022-03055-y}, url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00300-022-03055-y}, author = {J{\'e}z{\'e}quel, Youenn and Mathias, Delphine and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Amice, Erwan and Chauvaud, Sylvain and Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and Bonnel, Julien and Sejr, Mikael K. and Chauvaud, Laurent} } @article {8948, title = {Rare earth elements and yttrium in suspension-feeding bivalves (dog cockle, Glycymeris glycymeris L.): Accumulation, vital effects and pollution}, journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta}, volume = {339}, year = {2022}, month = {Jan-12-2022}, pages = {12 - 21}, issn = {00167037}, doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2022.10.033}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S001670372200583X}, author = {Barrat, Jean-Alix and Chauvaud, Laurent and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Poitevin, Pierre and Bayon, Germain and Ben Salem, Douraied} } @article {7804, title = {Food source diversity, trophic plasticity, and omnivory enhance the stability of a shallow benthic food web from a high-Arctic fjord exposed to freshwater inputs}, journal = {Limnology and Oceanography}, volume = {66}, year = {2021}, month = {01/2021}, pages = {S259-S272}, type = {Research}, abstract = {
Under climate change, many Arctic coastal ecosystems receive increasing amounts of freshwater, with ecological consequences that remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated how freshwater inputs may affect the small-scale structure of benthic food webs in a low-production high-Arctic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland). We seasonally sampled benthic invertebrates from two stations receiving contrasting freshwater inputs: an inner station exposed to turbid and nutrient-depleted freshwater flows and an outer station exposed to lower terrestrial influences. Benthic food web structure was described using a stable isotope approach (δ13C and δ15N), Bayesian models, and community-wide metrics. The results revealed the spatially and temporally homogeneous structure of the benthic food web, characterized by high trophic diversity (i.e., a wide community isotopic niche). Such temporal stability and spatial homogeneity mirrors the high degree of trophic plasticity and omnivory of benthic consumers that allows the maintenance of several carbon pathways through the food web despite different food availability. Furthermore, potential large inputs of shelf organic matter together with local benthic primary production (i.e., macroalgae and presumably microphytobenthos) may considerably increase the stability of the benthic food web by providing alternative food sources to locally runoff-impacted pelagic primary production. Future studies should assess beyond which threshold limit a larger increase in freshwater inputs might cancel out these stability factors and lead to marked changes in Arctic benthic ecosystems.
}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11688}, url = {https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lno.11688}, author = {Bridier, Guillaume and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Chauvaud, Laurent and Sejr, Mikael K. and Grall, Jacques} } @article {7593, title = {Sources, quality and transfers of organic matter in a highly-stratified sub-Arctic coastal system (Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, NW Atlantic)}, journal = {Progress in Oceanography}, year = {2021}, month = {Jan-11-2021}, pages = {102483}, abstract = {In response to ongoing global climate change, marine ecosystems in the northwest Atlantic are experiencing one of the most drastic increases in sea surface temperatures in the world. This warming can increase water column stratification and decrease surface nutrient concentrations, in turn impacting primary productivity and phytoplankton assemblages. However, the exact impacts of these changes on sources and quality of organic matter as well as its transfers to the benthic compartment remain uncertain. This survey characterized organic matter sources and quality within a highly-stratified sub-Arctic coastal system (Saint-Pierre and Miquelon) and described its transfer towards a biomass-dominant primary consumer, the sand dollar\ Echinarachnius parma. This study analyzed fatty acid and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) composition of surface and bottom Particulate Organic Matter (s-POM and b-POM, respectively), Sedimentary Organic Matter (SOM) and sand dollar tissue along a near shore to offshore gradient during two contrasting seasons associated either with sharp or weak water column stratification (i.e. High\ vs\ Low Stratification Periods). Results revealed high relative abundances of polyunsaturated fatty acids (notably macro- and microalgae markers) in POM during the Low Stratification Period while the High Stratification Period was characterized by elevated relative abundance of saturated fatty acids indicating a higher organic matter degradation state. In addition, strong seasonal differences were also observed in food availability with four-fold higher concentrations in total suspended solids during Low\ vs\ High Stratification Periods. These results suggested thus multiple negative effects of stratification on pelagic-benthic coupling and POM quality. Lower nutrient repletion of surface waters during period of sharp stratification diminishes pelagic-benthic coupling by reducing food availability, POM quality and vertical transfer of organic matter. By contrast, the sediment-based diet of\ E. parma\ showed a low spatiotemporal variability reflecting the homogenous composition of the SOM. This study suggests that intensified water column stratification due to increasing sea surface temperatures may modify the pelagic-benthic coupling and future quality and composition of POM pools.}, issn = {00796611}, doi = {10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102483}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0079661120302184}, author = {Bridier, Guillaume and Tarik Meziane and Grall, Jacques and Chauvaud, Laurent and Donnet, S{\'e}bastien and Lazure, Pascal and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier} } @article {7202, title = {Anthropogenic boat noise reduces feeding success in winter flounder larvae (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)}, journal = {Environmental Biology of Fishes}, volume = {103}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-09-2020}, pages = {1079 - 1090}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to explore an emerging discipline addressing the impact of anthropogenic noise on larval stages of marine organisms. We assessed the influence of boat noise on the feeding behaviour of the pelagic larvae of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Walbaum, 1792). The hypothesis was that boat noise influences the feeding behaviour of P. americanus flounder larvae independently of prey\  density. Aquaria containing P. americanus larvae were placed in water baths in which boat noise was diffused for the {\textquotedblleft}noise{\textquotedblright} treatment and compared to control aquaria with no sound emissions. Larvae were filmed\  using cameras placed above the aquaria and their behaviour was recorded. Larvae exposed to anthropogenic noise displayed significantly fewer hunting events than controls, and their stomach volumes were\  significantly smaller. This noise effect was the same at all prey densities used, suggesting that larval feeding behaviour is negatively impaired by anthropogenic noise.}, keywords = {Feeding behaviour}, issn = {0378-1909}, doi = {10.1007/s10641-020-01005-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10641-020-01005-3}, author = {Gendron, Gilberte and Tremblay, Rejean and Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Chauvaud, Laurent and Winkler, Gesche and Audet, C{\'e}line} } @article {6866, title = {A current synthesis on the effects of electric and magnetic fields emitted by submarine power cables on invertebrates}, journal = {Marine Environmental Research}, volume = {159}, year = {2020}, pages = {104958}, abstract = {The goal of clean renewable energy production has promoted the large-scale deployment of marine renewable energy devices, and their associated submarine cable network. Power cables produce both electric and magnetic fields that raise environmental concerns as many marine organisms have magneto and electroreception abilities used for vital purposes. Magnetic and electric fields{\quotesinglbase}{\"A}{\^o} intensities decrease with distance away from the cable. Accordingly, the benthic and the sedimentary compartments are exposed to the highest field values. Although marine invertebrate species are the major fauna of these potentially exposed areas, they have so far received little attention. We provide extensive background knowledge on natural and anthropogenic marine sources of magnetic and electric fields. We then compile evidence for magneto- and electro-sensitivity in marine invertebrates and further highlight what is currently known about their interactions with artificial sources of magnetic and electric fields. Finally we discuss the main gaps and future challenges that require further investigation.}, issn = {0141-1136}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104958}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141113619307706}, author = {Luana Albert and Fran{\c c}ois Deschamps and Aur{\'e}lie Jolivet and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Laurent Chauvaud and Sylvain Chauvaud} } @article {7187, title = {Shells of the bivalve Astarte moerchi give new evidence of a strong pelagic-benthic coupling shift occurring since the late 1970s in the North Water polynya}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences}, volume = {378}, year = {2020}, month = {Feb-10-2020}, pages = {20190353}, abstract = {Climate changes in the Arctic may weaken the currently tight pelagic-benthic coupling. In response to decreasing sea ice cover, arctic marine systems are expected to shift from a {\textquoteleft}sea-ice algae{\textendash}benthos{\textquoteright} to a {\textquoteleft}phytoplankton-zooplankton{\textquoteright} dominance. We used mollusc shells as bioarchives and fatty acid trophic markers to estimate the effects of the reduction of sea ice cover on the food exported to the seafloor. Bathyal bivalve\ Astarte moerchi\ living at 600 m depth in northern Baffin Bay reveals a clear shift in growth variations and Ba/Ca ratios since the late 1970s, which we relate to a change in food availability. Tissue fatty acid compositions show that this species feeds mainly on microalgae exported from the euphotic zone to the seabed. We, therefore, suggest that changes in pelagic-benthic coupling are likely due either to local changes in sea ice dynamics, mediated through bottom-up regulation exerted by sea ice on phytoplankton production, or to a mismatch between phytoplankton bloom and zooplankton grazing due to phenological change. Both possibilities allow a more regular and increased transfer of food to the seabed.

This article is part of the theme issue {\textquoteleft}The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning{\textquoteright}.}, issn = {1364-503X}, doi = {10.1098/rsta.2019.0353}, url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2019.0353}, author = {Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Gaillard, Blandine and Thebault, Julien and Tarik Meziane and Tremblay, Rejean and Dumont, Dany and B{\'e}langer, Simon and Gosselin, Michel and Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and Chauvaud, Laurent and Martel, Andr{\'e} L. and Rysgaard, S{\o}ren and Olivier, Anne-H{\'e}l{\`e}ne and Pettr{\'e}, Julien and Mars, J{\'e}r{\^o}me and Gerber, Silvain and Archambault, Philippe} } @article {5830, title = {Coastal waters freshening and extreme seasonality affect organic matter sources, quality, and transfers in a High Arctic fjord (Young Sound, Greenland)}, journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series}, volume = {610}, year = {2019}, pages = {15-31}, abstract = {

Arctic benthic ecosystems are expected to experience strong modifications in the dynamics of primary producers and/or benthic-pelagic coupling under climate change. However, lack of knowledge about the influence of physical constraints (e.g. ice-melting associated gradients) on organic matter sources, quality, and transfers in systems such as fjords can impede predictions of the evolution of benthic-pelagic coupling in response to global warming. Here, sources and quality of particulate organic matter (POM) and sedimentary organic matter (SOM) were characterized along an inner-outer gradient in a High Artic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland) exposed to extreme seasonal and physical constraints (ice-melting associated gradients). The influence of the seasonal variability of food sources on 2 dominant filter-feeding bivalves (Astarte moerchi and Mya truncata) was also investigated. Results revealed the critical impact of long sea ice/snow cover conditions prevailing in Young Sound corresponding to a period of extremely poor and degraded POM and SOM. Freshwater inputs had a very local impact during summer, with relatively more degraded POM at the surface compared to bottom waters that were less nutritionally depleted but more heterogeneous among the sampled stations. Terrestrial inputs contributed to the SOM composition but showed a large variability along the fjord. Finally, diet analyses underlined the contrasted nutritional conditions, showing much higher lipid reserves in A. moerchi than in M. truncata during winter. Under a scenario with increased freshwater input, such results suggest a decline in organic matter quality and production in Young Sound, with subsequent impacts on benthic food webs.

}, doi = {10.3354/meps12857}, url = {https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v610/p15-31/}, author = {Bridier, Guillaume and Tarik Meziane and Grall, Jacques and Laurent Chauvaud and Sejr, Mikael K. and Menneteau, Sylvain and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier} } @article {4801, title = {Dietary plasticity in the bivalve Astarte moerchi revealed by a multimarker study in two Arctic fjords}, journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series}, volume = {567}, year = {2017}, pages = {157-172}, abstract = {

ABSTRACT: Arctic coastal ecosystems are likely to be strongly affected by predicted environmental changes such as sea-ice decline and increase in freshwater input and turbidity. These changes are expected to impact primary production dynamics and consequently benthic consumers. The trophic relationship between primary producers and benthic primary consumers were compared in 2 Arctic fjords with different seasonal ice-cover: Young Sound (NE Greenland, a high-Arctic fjord) and Kongsfjorden (Svalbard Archipelago, a sub-Arctic fjord). For comparison, we selected the filter-feeding bivalve Astarte moerchi (belonging to the complex A. borealis), which has a broad geographical distribution in the Arctic. The bivalve digestive glands and food sources were characterized with fatty acids (FAs), bulk stable isotopes, and compound-specific stable isotopes of individual FAs. Our results suggest that diatoms of pelagic and/or benthic origin are the main contributors to the A. moerchi diet in Young Sound and make up a less important fraction of the diet in the Kongsfjorden population. A contribution by sympagic diatoms is clearly excluded in the sub-Arctic fjord and needs to be further assessed in the Arctic fjord. The A. moerchi diet in sub-Arctic Kongsfjorden is more diversified, varies with season, and has contributions from dinoflagellates and macroalgal detritus. These results, together with higher concentrations of total FAs in the Young Sound population, demonstrated and characterized the trophic plasticity of this bivalve species. Based on these results, we discuss potential effects of environmental factors (shifts in trophic resources, increase in turbidity) for A. moerchi populations in changing Arctic ecosystems.

}, author = {De Cesare, S and Tarik Meziane and Laurent Chauvaud and Richard, J and Sejr, M K and Th{\'e}bault, J and Winkler, G and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier} } @article {4800, title = {Food resources of the bivalve Astarte elliptica in a sub-Arctic fjord: a multi-biomarker approach}, journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series}, volume = {567}, year = {2017}, pages = {139-156}, abstract = {

ABSTRACT: It is generally agreed that pelagic-benthic coupling is tight on Arctic shelves, i.e. that organic matter produced in the surface layers supports the seafloor and benthos. However, this paradigm is mainly based on the assumption that phytoplankton and ice algae are the main sources of carbon for the benthic communities. Climate change is expected to alter the relative contribution of food sources for benthic organisms. Macroalgal biomass is predicted to increase in near-shore systems in response to increased temperature and reduced sea ice cover. Thus, a better understanding of the relative contribution of benthic and pelagic components in benthic food webs in the Arctic is needed. In this study, a multi-biomarker approach (stable isotopes, fatty acid trophic markers, and compound-specific stable isotope analysis) was applied to link potential sources of carbon, including particulate organic matter from subsurface and bottom waters, sediment organic matter, and 6 macroalgal species to the diet of the bivalve Astarte elliptica collected below the euphotic zone in a sub-Arctic fjord (Kobbefjord, Greenland). Results showed that A. elliptica feeds on particulate and sediment organic matter and that brown macroalgae significantly support the Arctic benthic food web. Multi-biomarker approaches can be used to determine the diet of benthic organisms and track temporal variability in sources of food. It therefore appears to be an interesting method to study food regime strategies in response to changing primary production dynamics.

}, author = {Gaillard, B and Tarik Meziane and R{\'e}jean Tremblay and P Archambault and Blicher, M E and Laurent Chauvaud and Rysgaard, S and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier} } @article {5231, title = {Mercury contamination level and speciation inventory in Lakes Titicaca and Uru-Uru (Bolivia): Current status and future trends}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {231, Part 1}, year = {2017}, pages = {262 - 270}, abstract = {

Aquatic ecosystems of the Bolivian Altiplano (\~{}3800 m a.s.l.) are characterized by extreme hydro-climatic constrains (e.g., high UV-radiations and low oxygen) and are under the pressure of increasing anthropogenic activities, unregulated mining, agricultural and urban development. We report here a complete inventory of mercury (Hg) levels and speciation in the water column, atmosphere, sediment and key sentinel organisms (i.e., plankton, fish and birds) of two endorheic Lakes of the same watershed differing with respect to their size, eutrophication and contamination levels. Total Hg (THg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) concentrations in filtered water and sediment of Lake Titicaca are in the lowest range of reported levels in other large lakes worldwide. Downstream, Hg levels are 3-10 times higher in the shallow eutrophic Lake Uru-Uru than in Lake Titicaca due to high Hg inputs from the surrounding mining region. High percentages of MMHg were found in the filtered and unfiltered water rising up from \<1 to \~{}50\% THg from the oligo/hetero-trophic Lake Titicaca to the eutrophic Lake Uru-Uru. Such high \%MMHg is explained by a high in situ MMHg production in relation to the sulfate rich substrate, the low oxygen levels of the water column, and the stabilization of MMHg due to abundant ligands present in these alkaline waters. Differences in MMHg concentrations in water and sediments compartments between Lake Titicaca and Uru-Uru were found to mirror the offset in MMHg levels that also exist in their respective food webs. This suggests that in situ MMHg baseline production is likely the main factor controlling MMHg levels in fish species consumed by the local population. Finally, the increase of anthropogenic pressure in Lake Titicaca may probably enhance eutrophication processes which favor MMHg production and thus accumulation in water and biota.

}, keywords = {Titicaca}, issn = {0269-7491}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.009}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117320572}, author = {S. Gu{\'e}dron and D. Point and D. Acha and S. Bouchet and P.A. Baya and E. Tessier and M. Monperrus and C.I. Molina and A. Groleau and Laurent Chauvaud and J. Thebault and E. Amice and L. Alanoca and C. Duwig and G. Uzu and Lazzaro, Xavier and A. Bertrand and S. Bertrand and C. Barbraud and K. Delord and Gibon, Francois-Marie and C. Ibanez and M. Flores and P. Fernandez Saavedra and M.E. Ezpinoza and C. Heredia and F. Rocha and C. Zepita and D. Amouroux} } @article {4519, title = {Validation of trophic and anthropic underwater noise as settlement trigger in blue mussels}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2016}, pages = {33829}, author = {Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and R{\'e}jean Tremblay and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Gervaise, C{\'e}dric and R{\'e}mi Sonier and Genard, Bertrand and Laurent Chauvaud} } @article {7340, title = {Trophic resources of the bivalve, Venus verrucosa , in the Chausey archipelago (Normandy, France) determined by stable isotopes and fatty acids}, journal = {Aquatic Living Resources}, volume = {26}, year = {2013}, month = {Jan-01-2013}, pages = {229 - 239}, issn = {0990-7440}, doi = {10.1051/alr/2013058}, url = {http://www.alr-journal.org/10.1051/alr/2013058}, author = {Perez, V{\'e}ronique and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Tremblay, Rejean and Neumeier, Urs and Thebault, Julien and Chauvaud, Laurent and Tarik Meziane} }