@article {9296,
	title = {Effects of anthropogenic magnetic fields on the behavior of a major predator of the intertidal and subtidal zones, the velvet crab Necora puber},
	journal = {Marine Environmental Research},
	volume = {190},
	year = {2023},
	month = {Jan-09-2023},
	pages = {106106},
	abstract = {With the progress of the offshore renewable energy sector and electrical interconnection projects, a substantial rise in the number of submarine power cables is expected soon. Such cables emit either alternating or direct current magnetic fields whose impact on marine invertebrates is currently unknown and hardly studied. In this context, this study aimed to assess potential short-term exposure (30\&nbsp;min) effects of both alternating and direct magnetic fields of increasing intensity (72{\textendash}304\&nbsp;μT) on the behavior of the high-ecological value velvet crab (Necora puber). Three experiments were designed to evaluate whether the strongest magnetic field intensities induce crabs{\textquoteright} attraction or repulsion responses, and whether foraging and sheltering behaviors may be modified. We extracted from video analyses several variables as the time budgets crabs spent immobile, moving, feeding, or sheltering as well as total and maximal distance reached in the magnetic field (MF) gradient. The crabs exposed to artificial MF did not exhibit significant behavioral changes compared with those exposed to the {\textquotedblleft}natural{\textquotedblright} MF. Overall, our results suggest that, at such intensities, artificial magnetic fields do not significantly alter behaviors of N. puber. Nevertheless, future studies should be conducted to examine the effects of longer exposure periods and to detect potential habituation or resilience processes.},
	keywords = {Behavior, Crustaceans, Magnetic fields, Magneto-sensitivity, Marine renewable energy devices, Submarine power cables},
	issn = {01411136},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106106},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0141113623002349},
	author = {Albert, Luana and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and Chauvaud, Laurent and Chauvaud, Sylvain}
}
@article {8692,
	title = {Can~artificial~magnetic~fields~alter the~functional~role~of~the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis?},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {169},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-06-2022},
	abstract = {Along European coasts, the rapid expansion of marine renewable energy devices and their buried power cables, raises major societal concerns regarding the potential effects of their magnetic field emissions (MFs) on marine species and ecosystem functioning. MFs occur at a local spatial scale, which makes sessile species the primary target of chronic and high-intensity exposures. Some of them, as ecosystem engineers, have critical functions in coastal habitats whose behavioral alteration may drive profound consequences at the ecosystem level. In this context, the present experimental study explored the effects of short exposure to direct current MFs, on the feeding behavior of a widespread ecosystem engineer, the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). A repeated measure design was carried out with adult mussels successively exposed to control treatment (ambient magnetic field of 47 μT) and artificial MF treatment (direct current of 300 μT produced by Helmholtz coils), as measured around power cables. The filtration activity was assessed through valve gap monitoring using an automated image analysis system. The clearance rate was estimated simultaneously by measuring the decrease in algal concentration using flow cytometry. Our findings revealed that mussels placed in MF treatment did not exhibit observable differences in valve activity and filtration rate, thus suggesting that, at such an intensity, artificial MFs do not significantly impair their feeding behavior. However, additional research is required to investigate the sensitivity of other life stages, the effects of mid to long-term exposure to alternative and direct current fields and to test various MF intensities.},
	keywords = {Coastal environments, Ecosystem engineers, Filter-feeders, Magnetic fields, Mytilus edulis, Submarine power cables},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/s00227-022-04065-4},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00227-022-04065-4},
	author = {Albert, Luana and Maire, Olivier and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Olivier and Lambert, Christophe and Romero-Ramirez, Alicia and Jolivet, Aur{\'e}lie and Chauvaud, Laurent and Chauvaud, Sylvain}
}
