@article {4494, title = {Coleoid cephalopod color patterns: Adult skin structures and their emergence during development in sepia officinalis}, journal = {Vie et Milieu}, volume = {66}, year = {2016}, month = {May 2016}, pages = {43-55}, abstract = {

The skin of coleo{\"\i}d cephalopods is a complex tissue that allows the rapid display of numerous changing or static patterns for communication and camouflage. Chromatophores, iridophores, and leucophores are responsible for these properties. Chromatophores are pigmentary neuromuscular organs, directly controlled by the brain. Iridophores are iridescent cells that use platelets of proteins that are arranged into repetitive structures (iridosomes) to produce iridescence; and leucophores are perfect reflectors. The same family of protein (reflectins), initially characterized in iridophores, have been detected (at different levels) in the three structures. Here we review the current knowledge of adult skin and its nervous control and describe the establishment of chromatophores and iridophores during embryonic development in Sepia officinalis.

}, keywords = {Cephalopods, Chromatophores, color pattern, Development, iridophores}, author = {Aude Andouche and Yann Bassaglia} } @article {3264, title = {Cephalopods in neuroscience: regulations, research and the 3Rs.}, journal = {Invert Neurosci}, volume = {14}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Mar}, pages = {13-36}, abstract = {

Cephalopods have been utilised in neuroscience research for more than 100\ years particularly because of their phenotypic plasticity, complex and centralised nervous system, tractability for studies of learning and cellular mechanisms of memory (e.g. long-term potentiation) and anatomical features facilitating physiological studies (e.g. squid giant axon and synapse). On 1 January 2013, research using any of the about 700 extant species of "live cephalopods" became regulated within the European Union by Directive 2010/63/EU on the "Protection of Animals used for Scientific Purposes", giving cephalopods the same EU legal protection as previously afforded only to vertebrates. The Directive has a number of implications, particularly for neuroscience research. These include: (1) projects will need justification, authorisation from local competent authorities, and be subject to review including a harm-benefit assessment and adherence to the 3Rs principles (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction). (2) To support project evaluation and compliance with the new EU law, guidelines specific to cephalopods will need to be developed, covering capture, transport, handling, housing, care, maintenance, health monitoring, humane anaesthesia, analgesia and euthanasia. (3) Objective criteria need to be developed to identify signs of pain, suffering, distress and lasting harm particularly in the context of their induction by an experimental procedure. Despite diversity of views existing on some of these topics, this paper reviews the above topics and describes the approaches being taken by the cephalopod research community (represented by the authorship) to produce "guidelines" and the potential contribution of neuroscience research to cephalopod welfare.

}, keywords = {3Rs, Animal welfare, Cephalopods, Directive2010/63/EU, Neuroscience}, issn = {1439-1104}, doi = {10.1007/s10158-013-0165-x}, author = {Fiorito, Graziano and Affuso, Andrea and Anderson, David B and Basil, Jennifer and Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli and Botta, Giovanni and Cole, Alison and D{\textquoteright}Angelo, Livia and De Girolamo, Paolo and Dennison, Ngaire and Dickel, Ludovic and Di Cosmo, Anna and Di Cristo, Carlo and Gestal, Camino and Fonseca, Rute and Grasso, Frank and Kristiansen, Tore and Kuba, Michael and Maffucci, Fulvio and Manciocco, Arianna and Mark, Felix Christopher and Melillo, Daniela and Osorio, Daniel and Palumbo, Anna and Perkins, Kerry and Ponte, Giovanna and Raspa, Marcello and Shashar, Nadav and Smith, Jane and Smith, David and Sykes, Ant{\'o}nio and Villanueva, Roger and Tublitz, Nathan and Zullo, Letizia and Andrews, Paul} }