@article {6940, title = {Regulation of Extracellular Matrix Synthesis by Shell Extracts from the Marine Bivalve Pecten maximus in Human Articular Chondrocytes- Application for Cartilage Engineering.}, journal = {Mar Biotechnol (NY)}, volume = {20}, year = {2018}, month = {2018 Aug}, pages = {436-450}, abstract = {

The shells of the bivalve mollusks are organo-mineral structures predominantly composed of calcium carbonate, but also of a minor organic matrix, a mixture of proteins, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides. These proteins are involved in mineral deposition and, more generally, in the spatial organization of the shell crystallites in well-defined microstructures. In this work, we extracted different organic shell extracts (acid-soluble matrix, acid-insoluble matrix, water-soluble matrix, guanidine HCl/EDTA-extracted matrix, referred as ASM, AIM, WSM, and EDTAM, respectively) from the shell of the scallop Pecten maximus and studied their biological activities on human articular chondrocytes (HACs). We found that these extracts differentially modulate the biological activities of HACs, depending on the type of extraction and the concentration used. Furthermore, we showed that, unlike ASM and AIM, WSM promotes maintenance of the chondrocyte phenotype in monolayer culture. WSM increased the expression of chondrocyte-specific markers (aggrecan and type II collagen), without enhancing that of the main chondrocyte dedifferentiation marker (type I collagen). We also demonstrated that WSM could favor redifferentiation of chondrocyte in collagen sponge scaffold in hypoxia. Thus, this study suggests that the organic matrix of Pecten maximus, particularly WSM, may contain interesting molecules with chondrogenic effects. Our research emphasizes the potential use of WSM of Pecten maximus for cell therapy of cartilage.

}, keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aggrecans, Animal Shells, Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cultured, Chondrocytes, Collagen Type II, Extracellular Matrix, Gene Expression Profiling, Humans, Middle Aged, Pecten, Phenotype}, issn = {1436-2236}, doi = {10.1007/s10126-018-9807-7}, author = {Bouyoucef, Mouloud and Rakic, Rodolphe and G{\'o}mez-Leduc, Tangni and Latire, Thomas and Marin, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Leclercq, Sylvain and Carreiras, Franck and Antoine Serpentini and Lebel, Jean-Marc and Gal{\'e}ra, Philippe and Legendre, Florence} } @article {3510, title = {Acute toxicity of 8 antidepressants: what are their modes of action?}, journal = {Chemosphere}, volume = {108}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Aug}, pages = {314-9}, abstract = {

Currently, the hazard posed by pharmaceutical residues is a major concern of ecotoxicology. Most of the antidepressants belong to a family named the Cationic Amphipathic Drugs known to have specific interactions with cell membranes. The present study assessed the impact of eight antidepressants belonging to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors by the combination of multi-approaches (in vivo, in vitro, in silico) and gives some insights on the mode of action for these molecules. Antidepressants were from the most to the least toxic compound for Daphnia magna: Sertraline (EC50=1.15 mg L(-1))\>Clomipramine (2.74 mg L(-1))\>Amitriptyline (4.82 mg L(-1))\>Fluoxetine (5.91 mg L(-1))\>Paroxetine (6.24 mg L(-1))\>Mianserine (7.81 mg L(-1))\>Citalopram (30.14 mg L(-1)) and Venlafaxine (141.28 mg L(-1)). These acute toxicities were found correlated to Log Kow coefficients (R=0.93, p\<0.001) and to cytotoxicity assessed on abalone hemocytes through the neutral red uptake assay (R=0.96, p\<0.001). If narcosis as mode of action is typically expected during acute ecotoxicity bioassays, we showed by molecular modeling that particular interactions can exist between antidepressants and phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membranes, leading to a more specific mode of action corresponding to a potential acidic hydrolysis of ester functions.

}, keywords = {Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Daphnia, Environmental Pollutants, Gastropoda, Hemocytes, Lysosomes, Models, Molecular, Phosphatidylcholines, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors}, issn = {1879-1298}, doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.057}, author = {Minguez, Laetitia and Farcy, E and Ballandonne, C{\'e}line and Lepailleur, Alban and Antoine Serpentini and Jean-Marc Lebel and Bureau, Ronan and Halm-Lemeille, Marie-Pierre} } @article {3512, title = {Assessment of cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties of four antidepressants on primary cultures of abalone hemocytes (Haliotis tuberculata).}, journal = {Aquat Toxicol}, volume = {153}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Aug}, pages = {3-11}, abstract = {

Pharmaceutical compounds like antidepressants found in surface waters raise concerns due to their potential toxicity on non-target aquatic organisms. This study aimed at investigating the in vitro cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory properties of four common antidepressants, namely Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Citalopram and Paroxetine, on primary cultures of abalone hemocytes (Haliotis tuberculata), after 48 h-exposure. Effects on immunocompetence (phagocytosis, levels of reactive oxygen species, esterase activity and lysosomal membrane destabilization) were assessed. Results obtained by MTT assays revealed that acute toxicity is unlikely to occur in the environment since the LC50s of the four antidepressants are at the mg/L level. The different immunological endpoints displayed a biphasic response, with an increase at the lowest concentration (i.e. 1 μg/L) followed by a decrease at higher concentrations. Overall, Amitriptyline and Clomipramine, the two tricyclic antidepressants, had higher immunomodulatory capacities than the two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Citalopram and Paroxetine. Amitriptyline was the most potent and Citalopram the least potent drug in altering immune function in H. tuberculata.

}, keywords = {Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Enzyme Activation, Esterases, Gastropoda, Hemocytes, Immunity, Innate, Lethal Dose 50, Phagocytosis, Reactive Oxygen Species, Water Pollutants, Chemical}, issn = {1879-1514}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.020}, author = {Minguez, Laetitia and Halm-Lemeille, Marie-Pierre and Katherine Costil and Bureau, Ronan and Jean-Marc Lebel and Antoine Serpentini} } @article {3639, title = {Neuroendocrine gene expression reveals a decrease in dopamine D2B receptor with no changes in GnRH system during prepubertal metamorphosis of silvering in wild Japanese eel.}, journal = {Gen Comp Endocrinol}, volume = {206}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Sep 15}, pages = {8-15}, abstract = {

Silvering is a prepubertal metamorphosis preparing the eel to the oceanic reproductive migration. A moderate gonad development occurs during this metamorphosis from the sedentary yellow stage to the migratory silver stage. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular aspects of various endocrine parameters of BPG axis at different ovarian developmental stages in wild yellow and silver female Japanese eels. The GSI of the sampled female eels ranged between 0.18 and 2.3\%, corresponding to yellow, pre-silver and silver stages. Gonad histology showed changes from previtellogenic oocytes in yellow eels to early vitellogenic oocytes in silver eels. Both serum E2 and T concentrations significantly increased with ovarian development indicating a significant activation of steroidogenesis during silvering. In agreement with previous studies, significant increases in pituitary gonadotropin beta subunits FSH-β and LH-β transcripts were also measured by qPCR, supporting that the activation of pituitary gonadotropin expression is likely responsible for the significant ovarian development observed during silvering. We investigated for the first time the possible brain neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in the activation of the pituitary gonadotropic function during silvering. By analyzing the expression of genes representative of the stimulatory GnRH control and the inhibitory dopaminergic control. The transcript levels of mGnRH and the three GnRH receptors did not change in the brain and pituitary between yellow and silver stages, suggesting that gene expression of the GnRH system is not significantly activated during silvering. The brain transcript levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, limiting enzyme of DA synthesis did not change during silvering, indicating that the DA synthesis activity was maintained. In contrast, a significant decrease in DA-D2B receptor expression in the forebrain and pituitary was observed, with no changes in DA-D2A receptor. The decrease in the pituitary expression of DA-D2BR during silvering would allow a reduced inhibitory effect of DA. We may raise the hypothesis that this regulation of D2BR gene expression is one of the neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in the slight activation of the pituitary gonadotropin and gonadal activity that occur at silvering.

}, keywords = {Animals, Cells, Cultured, Dopamine, Eels, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit, Gene Expression Regulation, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Immunoblotting, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit, Metamorphosis, Biological, Neurosecretory Systems, Oocytes, Ovary, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Reproduction, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Messenger, Sexual Maturation, Skin Pigmentation}, issn = {1095-6840}, doi = {10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.08.001}, author = {Jeng, Shan-Ru and Wen-Shiun Yueh and Pen, Yi-Ting and Lee, Yan-Horn and Chen, Guan-Ru and Sylvie Dufour and Chang, Ching-Fong} }