@article {6631, title = {In vitro effects of glyphosate-based herbicides and related adjuvants on primary culture of hemocytes from Haliotis tuberculata}, journal = {Fish and Shellfish Immunology}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Glyphosate-based herbicides are among the most produced and widely-used herbicides.\ Studies have shown that commercial formulations and adjuvants may be more toxic to non-target organisms than the active ingredients alone, but the mechanisms of action of these\ chemicals remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of\ glyphosate, a commercial formulation and adjuvant alone using primary culture of hemocytes\ from the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, a commonly farmed shellfish. Glyphosate\ was found to have negligible effects on viability, phagocytic activities and lysosome stability\ even with very high doses (i.e. 100 mg L-1). By contrast, greater effects on viability were\ observed for the commercial formulation and adjuvant alone, with EC50 values of 41.42 mg L-1 and 1.85 mg L-1, respectively. These results demonstrate that the toxic sublethal effects (i.e.\ phagocytic activity and destabilization of lysosomal membranes) of formulated glyphosate
came from adjuvants and suggest they may be related to cell and organelle membrane\ destabilization.}, keywords = {glyphosate, Haliotis tuberculata, Hemocytes, neutral red retention assay, Phagocytosis, POEAs, viability assay}, doi = {10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.058}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.058}, author = {Mottier, Antoine and Antoine Serpentini and Dallas, Lorna and James, Ad{\`e}le and Lebel, Jean-Marc and Katherine Costil} } @article {3512, title = {Assessment of cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties of four antidepressants on primary cultures of abalone hemocytes (Haliotis tuberculata).}, journal = {Aquat Toxicol}, volume = {153}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Aug}, pages = {3-11}, abstract = {

Pharmaceutical compounds like antidepressants found in surface waters raise concerns due to their potential toxicity on non-target aquatic organisms. This study aimed at investigating the in vitro cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory properties of four common antidepressants, namely Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Citalopram and Paroxetine, on primary cultures of abalone hemocytes (Haliotis tuberculata), after 48 h-exposure. Effects on immunocompetence (phagocytosis, levels of reactive oxygen species, esterase activity and lysosomal membrane destabilization) were assessed. Results obtained by MTT assays revealed that acute toxicity is unlikely to occur in the environment since the LC50s of the four antidepressants are at the mg/L level. The different immunological endpoints displayed a biphasic response, with an increase at the lowest concentration (i.e. 1 μg/L) followed by a decrease at higher concentrations. Overall, Amitriptyline and Clomipramine, the two tricyclic antidepressants, had higher immunomodulatory capacities than the two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Citalopram and Paroxetine. Amitriptyline was the most potent and Citalopram the least potent drug in altering immune function in H. tuberculata.

}, keywords = {Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Enzyme Activation, Esterases, Gastropoda, Hemocytes, Immunity, Innate, Lethal Dose 50, Phagocytosis, Reactive Oxygen Species, Water Pollutants, Chemical}, issn = {1879-1514}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.020}, author = {Minguez, Laetitia and Halm-Lemeille, Marie-Pierre and Katherine Costil and Bureau, Ronan and Jean-Marc Lebel and Antoine Serpentini} }