@article {8465,
	title = {Transient Receptor Potential-Vanilloid (TRPV1-TRPV4) Channels in the Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar. A Focus on the Pineal Gland and Melatonin Production},
	journal = {Frontiers in Physiology},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2022},
	month = {01/2022},
	pages = {15},
	type = {original research},
	abstract = {Fish are ectotherm, which rely on the external temperature to regulate their internal body temperature, although some may perform partial endothermy. Together with photoperiod, temperature oscillations, contribute to synchronizing the daily and seasonal variations of fish metabolism, physiology and behavior. Recent studies are shedding light on the mechanisms of temperature sensing and behavioral thermoregulation in fish. In particular, the role of some members of the transient receptor potential channels (TRP) is being gradually unraveled. The present study in the migratory Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, aims at identifying the tissue distribution and abundance in mRNA corresponding to the TRP of the vanilloid subfamilies, TRPV1 and TRPV4, and at characterizing their putative role in the control of the temperature-dependent modulation of melatonin production{\textemdash}the time-keeping hormone{\textemdash}by the pineal gland. In Salmo salar, TRPV1 and TRPV4 mRNA tissue distribution appeared ubiquitous; mRNA abundance varied as a function of the month investigated. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry indicated specific labeling located in the photoreceptor cells of the pineal gland and the retina. Additionally, TRPV analogs modulated the production of melatonin by isolated pineal glands in culture. The TRPV1 agonist induced an inhibitory response at high concentrations, while evoking a bell-shaped response (stimulatory at low, and inhibitory at high, concentrations) when added with an antagonist. The TRPV4 agonist was stimulatory at the highest concentration used. Altogether, the present results agree with the known widespread distribution and role of TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels, and with published data on trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), leading to suggest these channels mediate the effects of temperature on S. salar pineal melatonin production. We discuss their involvement in controlling the timing of daily and seasonal events in this migratory species, in the context of an increasing warming of water temperatures.},
	keywords = {Atlantic salmon, melatonin, pineal organ, Temperature, transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV), TRPV1, TRPV4},
	doi = {10.3389/fphys.2021.784416},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.784416/full?\&utm_source=Email_to_authors_\&utm_medium=Email\&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author\&utm_campaign=Email_publication\&field=\&journalName=Frontiers_in_Physiology\&id=784416},
	author = {Nisembaum, Laura Gabriela and Loentgen, Guillaume and L{\textquoteright}Honor{\'e}, Thibault and Martin, Patrick and Paulin, Charles-Hubert and Fuent{\`e}s, Michael and Escoubeyrou, Karine and Delgado, Maria Jesus and Besseau, Laurence and Falc{\'o}n, Jack}
}
@article {7111,
	title = {Effects of a temperature rise on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, melatonin and thyroid hormones during smoltification},
	journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology B},
	volume = {190},
	year = {2020},
	month = {09/2020},
	pages = {731-748},
	type = {ACL},
	abstract = {Smoltification prepares juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) for downstream migration. Dramatic changes characterize this crucial event in the fish life cycle, including gills{\textquoteright} Na+/K+-ATPase activity (NKA) and plasma hormonal levels. The triggering of smoltification relies on photoperiod and is modulated by temperature. Both provide reliable information, to which fish adapted for thousands of years, that allows deciphering daily and calendar time. Here we studied the impact of different photoperiod (natural, sustained winter solstice) and temperature (natural, ~ +4{\textdegree}C) combinations, on gills{\textquoteright} NKA, plasma free triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and melatonin (MEL; the time-keeping hormone), throughout smoltification. We also studied the impact of temperature history on pineal gland MEL production in vitro. The spring increase in gills{\textquoteright} NKA was less pronounced in smolts kept under sustained winter photoperiod and/or elevated temperature. Plasma thyroid hormones levels displayed day-night variations, which were affected by elevated temperature, either independently from photoperiod (decrease in T3 levels) or under natural photoperiod exclusively (increase in T4 nocturnal levels). Nocturnal MEL secretion was potentiated by the elevated temperature, which also altered MEL profile under sustained winter photoperiod. Temperature also affected pineal MEL production in vitro, a response that depended on previous environmental acclimation of the organ. The results support the view that the salmon pineal is a photoperiod and temperature sensor, highlight the complexity of the interaction of these environmental factors on <em>S. salar</em> endocrine system, and suggest that climate change might compromise salmon{\textquoteright}s time {\textquotedblleft}deciphering{\textquotedblright} and processes such as smoltification, downstream migration and seawater residence.},
	keywords = {Atlantic salmon, melatonin, smoltification, Temperature, thyroid hormones},
	doi = {10.1007/s00360-020-01304-2},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00360-020-01304-2},
	author = {Nisembaum, Laura Gabriela and Martin, Patrick and Fuent{\`e}s, Michael and Besseau, Laurence and Magnanou, Elodie and McCormick, Stephen D and Jack Falcon}
}
@article {7193,
	title = {Effects of a temperature rise on melatonin and thyroid hormones during smoltification of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar},
	journal = { J Comp Physiol B},
	year = {2020},
	month = {03 September 202},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Smoltification prepares juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) for downstream migration. Dramatic changes characterize this crucial event in the salmon{\textquoteright}s life cycle, including increased gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity (NKA) and plasma hormone levels. The triggering of smoltification relies on photoperiod and is modulated by temperature. Both provide reliable information, to which fish have adapted for thousands of years, that allows deciphering daily and calendar time. Here we studied the impact of different photoperiod (natural, sustained winter solstice) and temperature (natural, ~ + 4{\textdegree} C) combinations, on gill NKA, plasma free triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), and melatonin (MEL; the time-keeping hormone), throughout smoltification. We also studied the impact of temperature history on pineal gland MEL production in vitro. The spring increase in gill NKA was less pronounced in smolts kept under sustained winter photoperiod and/or elevated temperature. Plasma thyroid hormone levels displayed day{\textendash}night variations, which were affected by elevated temperature, either independently from photoperiod (decrease in T3 levels) or under natural photoperiod exclusively (increase in T4 nocturnal levels). Nocturnal MEL secretion was potentiated by the elevated temperature, which also altered the\&nbsp;MEL profile under sustained winter photoperiod. Temperature also affected pineal MEL production in vitro, a response that depended on previous environmental acclimation of the organ. The results support the view that the salmon pineal is a photoperiod and temperature sensor, highlight the complexity of the interaction of these environmental factors on the endocrine system of S. salar, and indicate that climate change might compromise salmon{\textquoteright}s time {\textquotedblleft}deciphering{\textquotedblright} during smoltification, downstream migration and seawater residence.},
	keywords = {Atlantic salmon, melatonin, Temperature, thyroid hormones},
	doi = {10.1007/s00360-020-01304-2},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs00360-020-01304-2},
	author = {Nisembaum, Laura Gabriela and Martin, Patrick and Fuent{\`e}s, M and Besseau, Laurence and Magnanou, Elodie and McCormick, Stephen and Falc{\'o}n, Jack}
}
@article {7109,
	title = {Les effets du r{\'e}chauffement climatique sur le m{\'e}tabolisme : les poissons, d{\textquoteright}excellents indicateurs},
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {photop{\'e}riode, Poissons, r{\'e}chauffement climatique, Temperature},
	url = {https://blog.defi-ecologique.com/effets-rechauffement-climatique-metabolisme-poissons/},
	author = {Jack Falcon}
}
@article {3413,
	title = {Interactive effects of irradiance and temperature on growth and domoic acid production of the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis (Bacillariophyceae)},
	journal = {Harmful Algae},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {232-241},
	abstract = {The influence of temperature and light on the growth, physiology and domoic acid (DA) production of the pennate toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis isolated from the English Channel was studied in semicontinuous culture. The effects of eight irradiances (35{\textendash}400 mmol photons m2 s-1) and a temperature gradient (3.5{\textendash}25.5 8C) were investigated. The highest growth rates (0.47{\textendash}0.83 d-1) were observed between 18.6 and 13.5 8C, with an optimum irradiance for growth at 100 mmol photons m2 s-1. A decrease in the optimum growth temperature was observed with an increase in irradiance. Cell chlorophyll a content decreased at both low and high extreme temperatures and high irradiances. Stable and high values of Fv/Fm ratios below 21.8C highlight the great acclimation capacity of P. australis, which may explain its wide biogeographic distribution. The strain studied produced DA without nutrient limitation and during exponential growth although at lower levels than in other studies (0.15{\textendash} 2.0 pg DA cell-1). Results underline the importance of light{\textendash}temperature interactions for growth and DA production. Toxin production increased with increasing temperature and light, and DA production increased exponentially with the growth rate. These results show that DA is not only produced under nutrient stress or by unhealthy cells in P. australis. This study underlines the need to take the ability of P. australis to produce DA during the exponential growth into consideration to understand the link between toxin production and bloom dynamics. These results will not only help explore the processes involved, but also help parameterize future models of growth and DA production especially for P. australis.},
	keywords = {Domoic acid, Growth Irradiance, Pseudo-nitzschia australis, Temperature},
	author = {Thorel, Maxine and Juliette Fauchot and Morelle, J{\'e}r{\^o}me and Raimbault, V and Le Rou, B and Miossec, C and Kientz-Bouchard, V and Pascal Claquin}
}
@article {6890,
	title = {Oyster sex determination is influenced by temperature - First clues in spat during first gonadic differentiation and gametogenesis},
	journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology},
	volume = {165},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {61-69},
	keywords = {Oyster spat, Sex determination pathway, Sex ratio, Temperature, TSD},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.02.007},
	url = {https://hal-normandie-univ.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02296506},
	author = {Santerre, Christelle and Sourdaine, Pascal and Marc, Nicolas and Mingant, Christian and Robert, Ren{\'e} and Anne-Sophie Martinez}
}
