Small and large spatial scale coexistence of ctenid spiders in a neotropical forest (French Guiana) - Pétillon, Julien; Leroy, Boris; Djoudi, El Aziz; VEDEL, Vincent (Tropical Zoology, 2018)

Small and large spatial scale coexistence of ctenid spiders in a neotropical forest (French Guiana) - Petillon, J; Leroy, Boris; Djoudi, EA; Vedel, V (Tropical Zoology, 2018)
While spiders constitute the most abundant and diverse arthropods in many habitats, they remained under-studied, especially in tropical rainforests. The goal of this study is to assess the spatial distribution of the spider family Ctenidae by assessing associations of species diversity and population traits among different habitat conditions. Fieldwork was carried out during 2013 in habitats varying in flooding frequency (plateau vs. flooded forest) and elevation (inselberg vs. lowland) in the Nouragues National Natural Reserve, French Guiana. Assemblage composition, population structure, and trait measurements of one dominant species were assessed using hand collection in replicated quadrats. We found strong effects on ctenid assemblages attributable to both elevation and flooding, with changes in relative abundance of species among habitats, but few correlated densities between species. At the population level, main differences in species distribution between and within habitats were detected only when juveniles were taken into account. No effect of elevation was found on the measurements of traits of the dominant species, but legs were proportionally shorter in flooded habitats, suggesting reduced active dispersal in these habitats. Our study highlights the value of complementary of measures of diversity and traits at different biological scales in Ctenidae.
Keywords: Araneae; flooding; Guianese shield; inselberg; juveniles

Some histological data of bone and teeth in the Rift Eelpout, Thermarces cerberus (Zoarcidae) - Meunier, Francois J.; Arnulf, Isabelle (Cybium, 2018)

Some histological data on bone and teeth in the grey notothen (Lepidonotothen squamifrons) and in the mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) (Notothenioidei; Perciformes; Teleostei) - Meunier, Francois J.; Lecomte, Frédérique; Guy Duhamel (Cybium, 2018)

Spatial variability in post-larval traits of Sicyopterus lagocephalus Pallas 1770 around Reunion Island - Thomas, Carole; Becheler, Enora; Trinh, Anne-Marie; Ellien, Céline (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2018)

Spermatogenesis and Spermiogenesis in Elasmobranchs, a Short Overview - Pascal Sourdaine; Aude Gautier; Gribouval, Laura (Encyclopedia of Reproduction, Second Edition, 2018)

Spermatogenesis and Spermiogenesis in Elasmobranchs, a Short Overview. In M. K. SKINNER (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Reproduction. - Sourdaine, Pascal; Aude Gautier; Gribouval, Laura (Elsevier, 2018)

Spider assemblage structure in a neotropical rainforest-inselberg complex: ecological and methodological insights from a small-scale intensive survey - Privet, Kaïna; Courtial, Cyril; Decaens, Thibaud; Djoudi, El Aziz; VEDEL, Vincent; Frédéric Ysnel; Pétillon, Julien (Journal of Tropical Ecology, 2018)
Keywords: Araneae; composition; day-time; French Guiana; non-parametric estimators; richness; sampling method

Stable isotopes as tracers can reveal resource allocation in juvenile golden gray mullets (Liza aurata, Risso, 1810) - Como, S.; Alexandre Carpentier; Rossi, F.; Christine Dupuy; Richard, P.; Eric Feunteun; Lefrançois, C. (Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2018)
Studies on the nutritional physiology of predator fish in the marine environment have contributed to our understanding of how they adapt to the environment and how they have evolved. Despite the fact that herbivorous and omnivorous fish species are numerous and play a significant role in the ecosystem, there is little information on how they process nutrients and how these are allocated to different tissues. This information could be particularly important for the juvenile stages, when small-sized fish are under high predation pressure and have a limited capability to intake and digest large quantities of food. The mullet Liza aurata ingests surface sediment and obtains its nutritional requirements from the organisms associated with the sediment, including microalgae and bacteria or small invertebrates. This paper examines how the carbon and nitrogen derived from benthic micro-organisms are allocated to the liver and muscle tissues of newborn (young-of-the-year, YOY) and one-year-old (OYO) individuals. After the animals were left feeding on 13C-enriched microalgae and 15N-enriched bacteria for 1 h, we traced the 13C and 15N in the liver and muscle tissues as well as in the blood and the gut. The YOY allocated 99% of the 13C and 88% of the 15N to the muscles, while the liver had a negligible amount of tracers (0.4% and 11% for 13C and 15N). Conversely, in the OYO experiment, the tracers were uniformly distributed throughout the muscle and liver (57% of 13C and 45% of 15N were found in the muscle, whereas 43% of 13C and 55% of 15N were in the liver). Negligible amounts were traced in the blood (<0.1%), while a part of the tracers was not assimilated and remained in the gut of both YOY and OYO fish. These results indicated a size-related shift in resource allocation during first year of growth of L. aurata, probably related to changes in the survival strategies among juveniles. Our results also indicated that stable isotope enrichment can be a helpful tool for studying resource allocation in fish.

Strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities of French research in trophic ecology - Marie-Elodie Perga; Michael Danger; Dubois, Stanislas; Clémentine Fritch; Cédric Gaucherel; Cédric Hubas; Franck Jabot; Lacroix, Gérard; Sébastien Lefebvre; P. Marmonier; Alexandre Bec (Comptes Rendus Biologies, 2018)
The French National Institute of Ecology and Environment (INEE) aims at fostering pluridisciplinarity in Environmental Science and, for that purpose, funds ex muros research groups (GDR) on thematic topics. Trophic ecology has been identified as a scientific field in ecology that would greatly benefit from such networking activity, as being profoundly scattered. This has motivated the seeding of a GDR, entitled âGRETâ. The contours of the GRET's action, and its ability to fill these gaps within trophic ecology at the French national scale, will depend on the causes of this relative scattering. This study relied on a nationally broadcasted poll aiming at characterizing the field of trophic ecology in France. Amongst all the unique individuals that fulfilled the poll, over 300 belonged at least partly to the field of trophic ecology. The sample included all French public research institutes and career stages. Three main disruptions within the community of scientist in trophic ecology were identified. The first highlighted the lack of interfaces between microbial and trophic ecology. The second evidenced that research questions were strongly linked to single study fields or ecosystem type. Last, research activities are still quite restricted to the ecosystem boundaries. All three rupture points limit the conceptual and applied progression in the field of trophic ecology. Here we show that most of the disruptions within French Trophic Ecology are culturally inherited, rather than motivated by scientific reasons or justified by socio-economic stakes. Comparison with the current literature confirms that these disruptions are not necessarily typical of the French research landscape, but instead echo the general weaknesses of the international research in ecology. Thereby, communication and networking actions within and toward the community of trophic ecologists, as planned within the GRET's objectives, should contribute to fill these gaps, by reintegrating microbes within trophic concepts and setting the seeds for trans- and meta-ecosystemic research opportunities. Once the community of trophic ecologists is aware of the scientific benefit in pushing its boundaries forwards, turning words and good intentions into concrete research projects will depend on the opportunities to obtain research funding.
Keywords: Community

Structure and composition of Unio pictorum shell: arguments for the diversity of the nacroprismatic arrangement in molluscs. - Dauphin, Y; Luquet, G; Salomé, M; Bellot-Gurlet, L; Cuif, JP (Journal of Microscopy, 2018)
Mollusc shells are complex organomineral structures, the arrangement and composition depending on the species. Most studies are dedicated to shells composed of an aragonite nacreous and a calcite prismatic layer, so the nacreous prismatic model based on Pinctada and Atrina-Pinna. Here, we studied the micro- and nanostructure, the mineralogy and composition of a nacroprismatic bivalve species: Unio pictorum. The prismatic layer of Unio is aragonite, and the inner structure of the prismatic units strongly differs from those of the calcitic layers. The shape of the prisms varies depending on their growth stage. The first layers of nacre are similar to those of gastropods (columnar nacre), then evolve towards the typical bivalve arrangement (sheet nacre). Na, Sr, Mg, P and S are present in both prisms and nacre. The organic prismatic envelopes are rich in sulphur amino acids, whereas organic sulphate is present within the prisms and the nacreous tablets. P is present as phosphate, probably a mixture of organic and mineral complex. Chemical distribution maps confirm the absence of an organic membrane between the nacre and the prisms. The comparison of the structure, mineralogy and composition of Unio pictorum and different species show the diversity of nacroprismatic shells, and that these features are taxonomically dependent.

Subtidal Microphytobenthos: A Secret Garden Stimulated by the Engineer Species Crepidula fornicata - Androuin, Thibault; Polerecky, Lubos; Decottignies, Priscilla; Dubois, Stanislas F.; Dupuy, Christine; Cédric Hubas; Jesus, Bruno; Le Gall, Erwan; Marzloff, Martin P.; Carlier, Antoine (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)

Surface ocean pH variations since 1689 CE and recent ocean acidification in the tropical South Pacific - Wu, Henry C.; Dissard, Delphine; Douville, Eric; Blamart, Dominique; Bordier, Louise; Tribollet, Aline; Le Cornec, Florence; Pons-Branchu, Edwige; Dapoigny, Arnaud; Claire E. Lazareth (Nature Communications, 2018)
Increasing atmospheric CO2 from man-made climate change is reducing surface ocean pH. Due to limited instrumental measurements and historical pH records in the world’s oceans, seawater pH variability at the decadal and centennial scale remains largely unknown and requires documentation. Here we present evidence of striking secular trends of decreasing pH since the late nineteenth century with pronounced interannual to decadal–interdecadal pH variability in the South Pacific Ocean from 1689 to 2011 CE. High-amplitude oceanic pH changes, likely related to atmospheric CO2 uptake and seawater dissolved inorganic carbon fluctuations, reveal a coupled relationship to sea surface temperature variations and highlight the marked influence of El Niño/Southern Oscillation and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. We suggest changing surface winds strength and zonal advection processes as the main drivers responsible for regional pH variability up to 1881 CE, followed by the prominent role of anthropogenic CO2 in accelerating the process of ocean acidification.

Tachykinin-3 Genes and Peptides Characterized in a Basal Teleost, the European Eel: Evolutionary Perspective and Pituitary Role. - Campo, Aurora; Anne-Gaelle Lafont; Lefranc, Benjamin; Leprince, Jérôme; Tostivint, Hervé; Kamech, Nedia; Sylvie Dufour; Karine Rousseau (Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2018)

Temporal variation of secondary migrations potential: concept of temporal windows in four commercial bivalve species - Martin Forêt; Réjean Tremblay; Urs Neumeier; Frédéric Olivier (Aquatic Living Resources, 2018)
Post-settlement dispersal potential of four commercial bivalve species (Mytilus edulis, Pecten maximus, Venus verrucosa and Ruditapes philippinarum) were studied through the assessment of recruits' sinking velocities by using a sinking velocity tube of five meters height. In parallel, dynamics of shear stress were monitored for five months on a tidal habitat characterized by the presence and the dispersal of the four species. By coupling both datasets we propose first theoretical estimates of temporal windows of secondary migrations. These experiments revealed interspecific differences in migration potential relate to shell shapes and behaviour, especially to secretion of byssal threads. The sensitivity to passive and active post-settlement migrations seems to rely on the synchronisation between the arrival on the sediment, the tidal regime (spring tide, neap tide), but also the rate of growth of the recruits. The present study confirms that patterns of secondary migrations of bivalve recruits result from a close physical-biological coupling involving benthic boundary layer (BBL) hydrodynamics and shell morphology as well as eco-ethological responses to environmental conditions but clearly modulated by the growth dynamics until a threshold size when drifting is no longer possible.
Keywords: Bivalves recruits; drifting; secondary migrations; temporal windows

Testing the transferability of track‐based habitat models for sound marine spatial planning - Clara Péron; Authier, Matthieu; Grémillet, David (Diversity and Distribution, 2018)
Aim Species distribution models (SDMs) are statistical tools aiming at mapping and predicting species distributions across landscapes. Data acquisition being limited in space and time, SDM are commonly used to predict species distribution in unsampled areas or years, with the expectation that modelled habitat–species relationships will hold across spatial or temporal contexts (i.e., model transferability). This key aspect of habitat modelling has major implications for spatial management, yet it has received limited attention, especially in the dynamic marine realm. Our aims were to test geographical and temporal habitat model transferability and to make recommendations for future population‐scale habitat modelling. Location Two contrasted regions of the North Western Mediterranean Sea: the cold and productive waters of the Gulf of Lion, and the warm and oligotrophic waters of Corsica. Methods We GPS‐tracked 189 Scopoli's shearwaters, Calonectris diomedea, at four breeding sites during the chick‐rearing period in 2011 and 2012 (418 foraging trips), and analysed their fine‐scale foraging behaviour. We then built colony‐specific habitat models (GAMMs) to test SDM geographical and temporal transferability and investigated the effect of extrinsic (environmental extrapolation) and intrinsic (trip characteristics) factors on transferability. Results Scopoli's shearwaters from our four study sites had comparable foraging strategies (as assessed from trip characteristics and isotopic diet tracers). Despite such similarities, SDMs revealed colony‐specific habitat associations. Geographical and temporal model transferability was better within than between regions. Main conclusions Crucially, our study illustrates how habitat–species relationships can vary between colonies located <200 km apart, and underlines the effect of spatio‐temporal extrapolation in habitat modelling. We therefore warn that defining adequate spatial scales for model predictions is critical to sound marine spatial planning and conservation.
Keywords: biologging; habitat modelling; transferability; central place foragers

Toxicological effects of CdSe nanocrystals on the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum: The first mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach - Poirier, Isabelle; Pallud, Marie; Kuhn, Lauriane; Hammann, Philippe; Demortière, Arnaud; Jamali, Arash; Chicher, Johana; Christelle Caplat; Gallon, Régis Kevin; Bertrand, Martine (Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018)

Trace metals partitioning between particulate and dissolved phases along a tropical mangrove estuary (Can Gio, Vietnam) - Thanh-Nho, Nguyen; Strady, Emilie; Nhu-Trang, Tran–Thi; Frank David; Marchand, Cyril (Chemosphere, 2018)
Mangroves can be considered as biogeochemical reactors along (sub)tropical coastlines, acting both as sinks or sources for trace metals depending on environmental factors. In this study, we characterized the role of a mangrove estuary, developing downstream a densely populated megacity (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam), on the fate and partitioning of trace metals. Surface water and suspended particulate matter were collected at four sites along the estuarine salinity gradient during 24 h cycling in dry and rainy seasons. Salinity, pH, DO, TSS, POC, DOC, dissolved and particulate Fe, Mn, Cr, As, Cu, Ni, Co and Pb were measured. TSS was the main trace metals carrier during their transit in the estuary. However, TSS variations did not explain the whole variability of metals distribution. Mn, Cr and As were highly reactive metals while the other metals (Fe, Ni, Cu, Co and Pb) presented stable log KD values along the estuary. Organic matter dynamic appeared to play a key role in metals fractioning. Its decomposition during water transit in the estuary induced metal desorption, especially for Cr and As. Conversely, dissolved Mn concentrations decreased along the estuary, which was suggested to result from Mn oxidative precipitation onto solid phase due to oxidation and pH changes. Extra sources as pore-water release, runoff from adjacent soils, or aquaculture efﬂuents were suggested to be involved in trace metal dynamic in this estuary. In addition, the monsoon increased metal loads, notably dissolved and particulate Fe, Cr, Ni and Pb.

Trophic cues promote secondary migrations of bivalve recruits in a highly dynamic temperate intertidal system - Foret, Martin; Barbier, Pierrick; Tremblay, Rejean; Tarik Meziane; Neumeier, Urs; Duvieilbourg, Eric; Frédéric Olivier (Ecosphere, 2018)

Trophic cues promote secondary migrations of bivalve recruits in a highly dynamic temperate intertidal system - Foret, Martin; Barbier, Pierrick; Tremblay, Rejean; Meziane, Tarik; Neumeier, Urs; Duvieilbourg, Eric; Frédéric Olivier (Ecosphere, 2018)

Trophic ecology of speckled peacock bass Cichla temensis Humboldt 1821 in the middle Negro River, Amazon, Brazil - Jamerson Aguiar-Santos; Pieter A. P. deHart; Marc Pouilly; Carlos E.C. Freitas; Flávia K. Siqueira-Souza (Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 2018)

The unique functioning of a pre-Columbian Amazonian floodplain fishery - Rumsaïs Blatrix; Bruno Roux; Philippe Béarez; Gabriela Prestes-Carneiro; Marcelo Amaya; Jose Luis Aramayo; Leonor Rodrigues; Umberto Lombardo; Jose Iriarte; Jonas Gregorio de Souza; Mark Robinson; Cyril Bernard; et al. (Scientific Reports, 2018)

Use of an acoustic telemetry array for fine scale fish behaviour assessment of captive Paiche, Arapaima gigas, breeders - Jesus Nuñez-Rodriguez; Vela Díaz, Antonia; Bazan-Albitez, Roger; Rebaza Alfaro, Carmela; Koua, Daniel; Núñez, Lucie; Testi, Baptiste; Renno, Jean-Francois; Duponchelle, Fabrice; Pella, Hervé (Aquaculture Research, 2018)

Use of an acoustic telemetry array for fine scale fish behaviour assessment of captive Paiche, Arapaima gigas, breeders - Jesus Nuñez-Rodriguez; Vela Diaz, A.; Bazan-Albitez, R; Koua, D; Nuñez L.; Testi, B.; Renno, Jean-Francois; Duponchelle, F; Pella, H (Aquaculture Research, 2018)
As Arapaima gigas is one of the most valuable species for the growing production of Amazonian aquaculture, knowledge of its reproductive behaviour and its application to increase reproduction success in captivity is of great importance as no hormonal spawning induction technique exists for this species. An acoustic positioning system (LOTEK Inc.) was used to observe the interactions of adult fish to better understand the formation of mating pairs. Fish were placed in a 4,500 m2 aquaculture pond over a 6‐month period in the IIAP field station of Pucallpa, Perú. This paper describes the methodological protocols used to set up and test the hydrophone array and presents the methodology used for the analysis of the huge amount of collected data. This methodology is illustrated by the analysis of a 6‐day period for a mating pair that showed a spawning event. The results indicated that male and female occupied mostly one preferential area in one pond edge where the nesting area is located. Different activity patterns were observed during the spawning event, with male and female being closer during the spawning day. The results also showed that male travelled less distance than female during the studied period. Finally these results demonstrated the suitability of such equipment to monitor fish interactions at fine spatial (sub meter) and temporal (5 s) scales in confined environments like aquaculture ponds.

Variation of the isotopic composition of dissolved organic carbon during the runoff cycle in the Amazon River and the floodplains - Patrick Albéric; Marcela A.P. Pérez; Patricia Moreira-Turcq; Marc F Benedetti; Steven Bouillon; Gwenaël Abril (Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 2018)

Without quality presence-absence data, discrimination metrics such as TSS can be misleading measures of model performance - Leroy, Boris; Delsol, Robin; Hugueny, Bernard; Meynard, Christine N.; Barhoumi, Chéïma; Barbet-Massin, Morgane; Bellard, Céline (Journal of Biogeography, 2018)

Applying species distribution models to caves and other subterranean habitats - Mammola, Stefano; Leroy, Boris (Ecography, 2017)
Over the last two decades there has been an exponential increase in the use of correlative species distribution models (SDMs) to address a variety of topics in ecology, biogeography, evolution, and conservation biology. Conversely, the use of these statistical methods to study the potential distribution of subterranean organisms has lagged behind, relative to their above-ground (epigean) counterparts. The reason for this is possibly related to a number of peculiarities of subterranean systems, which pose important limits, but also opportunities, for these correlative models. The aim of this forum is to explore the caveats that need to be made when generalizing these statistical techniques to caves and other subterranean habitats. We focus on the typical bias in spatial datasets of cave-dwelling species, and provide advice for selecting the model calibration area. In parallel, we discuss the potential use of different large scale surface variables to represent the subterranean condition. A more widespread adoption of these statistical techniques in subterranean biology is highly attractive and has great potential in broadening our knowledge on a variety of ecological topics, especially in the fields of climate change and biodiversity conservation. Their use would especially benefit the study of the biogeographic patterns of subterranean fauna and the impact of past and future climate change on subterranean ecosystems.

A Bayesian two-stage biomass model for stock assessment of data-limited species: An application to cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) in the English Channel - Juliette Alemany; Etienne Rivot; Foucher, Eric; Joël Vigneau; Jean-Paul Robin (Fisheries Research, 2017)
Cuttlefish is a key commercial species in the English Channel fishery in terms of landings and value. Age-based assessment methods are limited by time-consuming age determination with statoliths and the lack of stock assessment models tailored to this data-limited species. A two-stage biomass model is developed in the Bayesian state-space modelling framework that allows inferences to be made on the stock biomass at the start, middle and end of each fishing seasons between 1992 and 2014, while accounting for both process and measurement errors and to assimilate various sources of information. A method that uses ancillary length-frequency data is developed to provide an informative prior distribution for the biomass growth rate parameter g (E = 0.89) and its annual variability (CV = 0.1). The new model is a substantial improvement on the existing stock assessment method used by the International Council for the Exploration of the Seas. Taking into consideration a time-varying g parameter provides a more ecologically meaningful model with regard to the sensitivity of the cuttlefish population dynamics to environmental fluctuations and improves model fit. The model also provides predictions of the unexploited biomass in winter, which is based on survey data, and helps manage the stock in the event of strong depletion. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

Before-After analysis of the trophic network of an experimental dumping site in the eastern part of the Bay of Seine (English Channel) - Pezy, Jean-Philippe; Raoux, Aurore; Marmin, Stella; Balay, Pierre; Nathalie Niquil; Jean-Claude Dauvin (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017)
An experimental study was conducted to assess the physical and biological impacts of muddy fine sand dredged material dumped on a medium sand site Machu offshore the Seine Estuary. Complementary trophic web modelling tools were applied to the Machu ecosystem to analyse the effects of dumping operations. Results show that, after the dumping operations, the biomass of fish increased while invertebrate biomass remained relatively stable through time. Nevertheless, the biomasses of benthic invertebrates, omnivores/scavengers and predators showed some increases, while non-selective deposit feeders and filter feeders decreased. At the ecosystem level, results show that the total ecosystem activity, the ascendency and the overall omnivorous character of the food-web structure increased after dumping operations, whereas recycling subsequently decreased. Finally, the fine and medium sand habitat offshore from the Seine estuary, which undergoes regular natural physical perturbations, shows a high resilience after a short dumping phase. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Benthic and fish aggregation inside an offshore wind farm: Which effects on the trophic web functioning? - Raoux, Aurore; Samuele Tecchio; Pezy, Jean-Philippe; Géraldine Lassalle; Degraer, Steven; Wilhelmsson, Dan; Cachera, Marie; Ernande, Bruno; Le Guen, Camille; Haraldsson, Matilda; Karine Grangeré; Le Loc'h, Francois; et al. (Ecological indicators, 2017)
As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of three offshore wind farms in Normandy (Bay of Seine and eastern part of the English Channel, north-western France) in the next years. These offshore wind farms will be integrated into an ecosystem already facing multiple anthropogenic disturbances such as maritime transport, fisheries, oyster and mussel farming, and sediment dredging. Currently no integrated, ecosystem-based study on the effects of the construction and exploitation of offshore wind farms exists, where biological approaches generally focused on the conservation of some valuable species or groups of species. Complementary trophic web modelling tools were applied to the Bay of Seine ecosystem (to the 50 km(2) area covered by the wind farm) to analyse the potential impacts of benthos and fish aggregation caused by the introduction of additional hard substrates from the piles and the turbine scour protections. An Ecopath ecosystem model composed of 37 compartments, from phytoplankton to seabirds, was built to describe the situation ``before{''} the construction of the wind farm. Then, an Ecosim projection over 30 years was performed after increasing the biomass of targeted benthic and fish compartments. Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) indices were calculated for the two periods, ``before{''} and ``after{''}, to compare network functioning and the overall structural properties of the food web. Our main results showed (1) that the total ecosystem activity, the overall system omnivory (proportion of generalist feeders), and the recycling increased after the construction of the wind farm; (2) that higher trophic levels such as piscivorous fish species, marine mammals, and seabirds responded positively to the aggregation of biomass on piles and turbine scour protections; and (3) a change in keystone groups after the construction towards more structuring and dominant compartments. Nonetheless, these changes could be considered as limited impacts of the wind farm installation on this coastal trophic web structure and functioning. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bioaccumulation, distribution and elimination of chlordecone in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Field and laboratory studies - Anne Lafontaine; Eric Gismondi; Nathalie Dodet; Célia Joaquim-Justo; Céline Boulangé-Lecomte; Fanny Caupos; Lemoine, Soazig; Laurent Lagadic; Joëlle Forget-Leray; Jean-Pierre Thomé (Chemosphere, 2017)
Abstract Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine pesticide that has been widely used in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) to control the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus from 1972 to 1993. A few years after its introduction, widespread contamination of soils, rivers, wild animals and aquatic organisms was reported. Although high chlordecone concentrations have been reported in several crustacean species, its uptake, internal distribution, and elimination in aquatic species have never been described. This study aimed at investigating the accumulation and tissue distribution of chlordecone in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, using both laboratory (30 days exposure) and field (8 months exposure) approaches. In addition, depuration in chlordecone-free water was studied. Results showed that chlordecone bioconcentration in prawns was dose-dependent and time-dependent. Moreover, females appeared to be less contaminated than males after 5 and 7 months of exposure, probably due to successive spawning leading in the elimination of chlordecone through the eggs. Chlordecone distribution in tissues of exposed prawns showed that cephalothorax organs, mainly represented by the hepatopancreas, was the most contaminated. Results also showed that chlordecone was accumulated in cuticle, up to levels of 40% of the chlordecone body burden, which could be considered as a depuration mechanism since chlordecone is eliminated with the exuviae during successive moults. Finally, this study underlined the similarity of results obtained in laboratory and field approaches, which highlights their complementarities in the chlordecone behaviour understanding in M. rosenbergii.
Keywords: Bioaccumulation factor

Checklist of the marine fishes from metropolitan France - Philippe Béarez; Patrice Pruvost; Eric Feunteun; S.P. Iglésias; Patrice Francour; Causse, Romain; De Mazieres J.; Tercerie, S; Bailly, Nicolas (Cybium, 2017)

Comparative Study of Chemosensory Organs of Shrimp From Hydrothermal Vent and Coastal Environments - Magali Zbinden; Berthod, C; Montagné, N; Machon, J; Léger, N; Chertemps, T; Nicolas Rabet; Bruce Shillito; Juliette Ravaux (Chemical Senses, 2017)
The detection of chemical signals is involved in a variety of crustacean behaviors, such as social interactions, search and evaluation of food and navigation in the environment. At hydrothermal vents, endemic shrimp may use the chemical signature of vent fluids to locate active edifices, however little is known on their sensory perception in these remote deep-sea habitats. Here, we present the first comparative description of the sensilla on the antennules and antennae of 4 hydrothermal vent shrimp (Rimicaris exoculata, Mirocaris fortunata, Chorocaris chacei, and Alvinocaris markensis) and of a closely related coastal shrimp (Palaemon elegans). These observations revealed no specific adaptation regarding the size or number of aesthetascs (specialized unimodal olfactory sensilla) between hydrothermal and coastal species. We also identified partial sequences of the ionotropic receptor IR25a, a co-receptor putatively involved in olfaction, in 3 coastal and 4 hydrothermal shrimp species, and showed that it is mainly expressed in the lateral flagella of the antennules that bear the unimodal chemosensilla aesthetascs.
Keywords: aesthetascs; decapod; hydrothermal shrimp; IR25a; olfaction

Conservation of Three-Dimensional Helix-Loop-Helix Structure through the Vertebrate Lineage Reopens the Cold Case of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Associated Peptide - Pérez Sirkin, Daniela I.; Anne-Gaelle Lafont; Kamech, Nedia; Somoza, Gustavo M.; Vissio, Paula G.; Sylvie Dufour (Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2017)
GnRH associated peptide (GAP) is the C-terminal portion of the GnRH preprohormone. Although it was reported in mammals that GAP may act as a prolactin-inhibiting factor and can be co-secreted with GnRH into the hypophyseal portal blood, GAP has been practically out of the research circuit for about 20 years. Comparative studies highlighted the low conservation of GAP primary amino acid sequences among vertebrates, contributing to consider that this peptide only participates in the folding or carrying process of GnRH. Considering that the tridimensional (3D) structure of a protein may define its function, the aim of this study was to evaluate if GAP sequences and 3D structures are conserved in the vertebrate lineage. GAP sequences from various vertebrates were retrieved from databases. Analysis of primary amino acid sequence identity and similarity, molecular phylogeny, and prediction of 3D structures were performed. Amino acid sequence comparison and phylogeny analyses confirmed the large variation of GAP sequences throughout vertebrate radiation. In contrast, prediction of the 3D structure revealed a striking conservation of the 3D structure of GAP1 (GAP associated with the hypophysiotropic type 1 GnRH), despite low amino acid sequence conservation. This GAP1 peptide presented a typical helix-loop-helix (HLH) structure in all the vertebrate species analyzed. This HLH structure could also be predicted for GAP2 in some but not all vertebrate species, and in none of the GAP3 analyzed. These results allowed us to infer that selective pressures have maintained GAP1 HLH structure throughout the vertebrate lineage. The conservation of the HLH motif, known to confer biological activity to various proteins, suggests that GAP1 peptides may exert some hypophysiotropic biological functions across vertebrate radiation.

Contamination and depuration of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning by Acanthocardia tuberculata cockles and Callista chione clams in Moroccan waters - B. Rijal Leblad; H. Nhhala; M. Daoudi; M. Marhraoui; M. K. Ouelad Abdellah; Benoît Véron; H. Er-Raioui (Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 2017)
This study of Gymnodinium catenatum was conducted across two sampling stations; M'diq bay and Oued Laou estuary during the period from July 2007 to May 2009. Gymnodinium catenatum blooms occurred after a rainfall event in autumn and early winter. Statically analyses showed a positive correlation with rainfall. During January 2008, the G. catenatum bloom resulted in contamination of tuberculate cockles and sweet clam by Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. In the Oued Laou estuary, the levels of these toxins in shellfish went beyond the normative threshold for consumption of shellfish, (80 μg SXTeq. /100g of meat) and reached (710 ± 82.07) and (198 ± 6.56) μg SXTeq. /100g of meat in cockles and sweet clam respectively. In M'diq bay, concentrations of PSP toxins in the meat of these two shellfish were lower (256.57 ± 12.22 μg SXTeq. /100g and 80.66 ± 8.14 μg SXTeq. /100g of meat in tuberculate cockles and sweet clam respectively. An experimental test of depuration of tuberculate cockles and sweet clam contaminated by the PSP toxins was conducted in laboratory conditions in the first week of January 2008. The results showed partial and progressive elimination of PSP toxins in two shellfish species over time. In the tuberculate cockle, the elimination of PSP appears to be slower compared with the sweet clam; it took 120 days to reach levels of 80 μg SXTeq. /100g of meat, on the other hand only 3 days were needed to reach this safe concentration in the sweet clam.

Cross-linking plankton indicators to better define GES of pelagic habitats - EcApRHA Deliverable WP1.4 - Budria, Alexandre; Anais Aubert; Rombouts, Isabelle; Ostle, Clare; Angus Atkinson; Widdicombe, Claire; Goberville, Eric; Luis Felipe Artigas; Johns, David; Padegimas, Bernardas; Corcoran, Emily; McQuatters-Gollop, Abigail (2017)
The multimetric approach is a methodological tool which can be used to study a range of systems, including GES assessment of marine waters. Three indicators (PH1, PH2 and PH3) are currently being developed in the frame of the OSPAR convention for the pelagic habitat component. The three PH indicators provide information on different and complementary aspects of the plankton community that, only when considered altogether, provide a holistic vision of the ecosystem which is central to GES assessment. The present document aims at combining their information for the first time, following a multimetric approach. For this purpose, it was decided that the Plymouth Marine Laboratory L4 station would be the focus of this deliverable for the period 2000-2014. Different results were obtained from PH1, PH2 and PH3 regarding dates characterized by atypical plankton community structures, stressing their complementarity. However, similar results were also found for some sampling dates, suggesting that the complementary information conveyed by the three PH indicators shows potential for generating a higher-level indicator. This work has also evidenced a number of gaps and issues in the integration of the three PH indicators that we address with guidelines. In particular, efforts should be devoted to overcome technical difficulties in the integration the PH3 indicators, especially regarding differences in temporal resolution. Future development of the indicators could involve complementary techniques to classical methods to overcome taxonomic constraints. In the frame of this project, the access to data in certain format was identified also found problematic. Creating a central database of pre-formatted data managed by a group of experts could also benefit the regional calibration of the indicators for areas where appropriate data are available. Establishing a clear and easily accessible report which details all the monitoring guidelines concerning the metrics used for the OSPAR PH indicators could also be beneficial for homogenising the monitoring and inter-comparability of data among contracting parties in the goal of regional marine management.

Cross-taxon congruence in the rarity of subtidal rocky marine assemblages : No taxonomic shortcut for conservation monitoring - Leroy, Boris; Régis Gallon; Eric Feunteun; Robuchon, Marine; Frédéric Ysnel (Ecological Indicators, 2017)
The implementation of protection strategies such as the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) is impeded for subtidal rock bottom habitats because of high sampling costs due to a very wide taxonomic diversity, and a lack of suitable evaluation tools to estimate their conservation importance. In this study, we seek to provide an evaluation procedure by (1) investigating the distribution of rarity among subtidal rock bottom phyla; (2) searching for potential surrogate phyla with a cross-taxon congruence approach based on their rarity; (3) proposing an appropriate multi-phyla indicator to evaluate the importance of subtidal rocky habitats for conservation. We analysed the distribution of 548 species belonging to 8 phyla sampled in 137 assemblages in subtidal rocky areas located around Brittany, Western France. We applied the Index of Relative Rarity, a flexible method which fits rarity weights to species depending on their respective phyla. We found only weak congruence in rarity patterns among phyla, which prevented any attempt to identify surrogate phyla. This finding has important implications for the conservation of subtidal rocky habitats as it means that there is no shortcut to monitor their rarity: working on a subset of phyla would imply a biased evaluation of biodiversity. Consequently, we propose a multi-phyla Index of Relative Rarity combining all phyla which allowed us to successfully describe rarity patterns across all sampled sites.
Keywords: occurrence-based rarity; subtidal conservation

Cultured eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica): retention and assimilation of picophytoplankton using a multi-biomarker approach - Rémi Sonier; Réjean Tremblay; Frédéric Olivier; Tarik Meziane; Comeau, L. A. (Aquatic Living Ressources, 2017)

Deep conservation of bivalve nacre proteins highlighted by shell matrix proteomics of the Unionoida Elliptio complanata and Villosa lienosa - Marie, Benjamin; Arivalagan, Jaison; Mathéron, Lucrèce; Bolbach, Gérard; Berland, Sophie; Marie, Arul; Marin, Frédéric (Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 2017)
The formation of the molluscan shell nacre is regulated to a large extent by a matrix of extracellular macromolecules that are secreted by the shell-forming tissue, the mantle. This so-called ‘calcifying matrix’ is a complex mixture of proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that is assembled and occluded within the mineral phase during the calcification process. Better molecular-level characterization of the substances that regulate nacre formation is still required. Notable advances in expressed tag sequencing of freshwater mussels, such as Elliptio complanata and Villosa lienosa, provide a pre-requisite to further characterize bivalve nacre proteins by a proteomic approach. In this study, we have identified a total of 48 different proteins from the insoluble matrices of the nacre, 31 of which are common to both E. complanata and V. lienosa. A few of these proteins, such as PIF, MSI60, CA, shematrin-like, Kunitz-like, LamG, chitin-binding-containing proteins, together with A-, D-, G-, M- and Q-rich proteins, appear to be analogues, if not true homologues, of proteins previously described from the pearl oyster or the edible mussel nacre matrices, thus forming a remarkable list of deeply conserved nacre proteins. This work constitutes a comprehensive nacre proteomic study of non-pteriomorphid bivalves that has enabled us to describe the molecular basis of a deeply conserved biomineralization toolkit among nacreous shell-bearing bivalves, with regard to proteins associated with other shell microstructures, with those of other mollusc classes (gastropods, cephalopods) and, finally, with other lophotrochozoans (brachiopods).

Description of a new maternal larvophilic mouth-brooding cichlid species, Apistogramma megastoma sp. n. (Teleostei: Perciformes: Geophaginae), from Loreto, Peru - Römer, Uwe; Römer, CI; Estivals, G; Vela Diaz, A.; Fabrice Duponchelle; Garcia Davila, C; Hahn, I; Renno, Jean-Francois (Vertebrate Zoology, 2017)

Description of a new maternal larvophilic mouth-brooding cichlid species, Apistogramma megastoma sp. n. (Teleostei: Perciformes: Geophaginae), from Loreto, Peru - Römer, CI; Estivals, G; Vela Diaz, A; Fabrice Duponchelle; Garcia Davila, C; Hahn, I; Renno, J-F (Vertebrate Zoology, 2017)

Dietary plasticity in the bivalve Astarte moerchi revealed by a multimarker study in two Arctic fjords - De Cesare, S; Tarik Meziane; Laurent Chauvaud; Richard, J; Sejr, M K; Thébault, J; Winkler, G; Frédéric Olivier (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2017)
ABSTRACT: Arctic coastal ecosystems are likely to be strongly affected by predicted environmental changes such as sea-ice decline and increase in freshwater input and turbidity. These changes are expected to impact primary production dynamics and consequently benthic consumers. The trophic relationship between primary producers and benthic primary consumers were compared in 2 Arctic fjords with different seasonal ice-cover: Young Sound (NE Greenland, a high-Arctic fjord) and Kongsfjorden (Svalbard Archipelago, a sub-Arctic fjord). For comparison, we selected the filter-feeding bivalve Astarte moerchi (belonging to the complex A. borealis), which has a broad geographical distribution in the Arctic. The bivalve digestive glands and food sources were characterized with fatty acids (FAs), bulk stable isotopes, and compound-specific stable isotopes of individual FAs. Our results suggest that diatoms of pelagic and/or benthic origin are the main contributors to the A. moerchi diet in Young Sound and make up a less important fraction of the diet in the Kongsfjorden population. A contribution by sympagic diatoms is clearly excluded in the sub-Arctic fjord and needs to be further assessed in the Arctic fjord. The A. moerchi diet in sub-Arctic Kongsfjorden is more diversified, varies with season, and has contributions from dinoflagellates and macroalgal detritus. These results, together with higher concentrations of total FAs in the Young Sound population, demonstrated and characterized the trophic plasticity of this bivalve species. Based on these results, we discuss potential effects of environmental factors (shifts in trophic resources, increase in turbidity) for A. moerchi populations in changing Arctic ecosystems.

Distribution and abundance of skates (Bathyraja spp.) on the Kerguelen Plateau through the lens of the toothfish fisheries - Nowara, G.B.; Burch, P.; Nicolas Gasco; Welsford, D.C.; Lamb, T.D.; Charlotte Chazeau; Guy Duhamel; Patrice Pruvost; Wotherspoon, S.; Candy, S.G. (Fisheries Research, 2017)
Three species of skate, Bathyraja eatonii, B. irrasa and B. murrayi, are commonly taken as incidental by-catch in Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) longline and trawl fisheries, and the mackerelicefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) trawl fishery on the Kerguelen Plateau (KP) in the southern IndianOcean. Data from fishery observations for 1997–2014 shows that the three skates were widely distributedacross the Kerguelen Plateau, showing different spatial distributions, linked mainly with depth. Off HeardIsland and McDonald Islands (HIMI), in the southern part of the KP, B. eatonii and B. irrasa were mostabundant to the north and northwest of Heard Island, out to the edge of the Australian Exclusive EconomicZone (EEZ), and were caught down to depths of 1790 m and 2059 m respectively. The smallest species, B.murrayi, occurred mainly in the shallower waters down to 550 m, and was most abundant to the northand northeast, close to Heard Island. Around Kerguelen Islands, in the northern part of the KP, skateswere most abundant between the 500 m and 1000 m contours circling and extending from the islands.Catch rates were modelled using zero-inflated GAMs and GLMs. The catch rates of skates from thetrawl fisheries in the Australian EEZ surrounding Heard Island and McDonald Islands have shown littleevidence of depletion on the main trawl fishing grounds, although there is evidence of a decrease inthe average total length of B. eatonii. The marine reserves and the conservation measures employed bythe Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in the HIMI fisheries, appearto provide effective protection for the skates, at least in the shallower waters where the trawl fisheriesoperate. B. irrasa taken in the deeper waters where longline fishing occurs have shown a slight declinein catch rate over the years of the HIMI fishery. Although all skates are returned to the water from thisfishery, survival rates are unknown and careful monitoring should continue to assess the status of thesestocks. There appears to be little change in the abundance of the skate species at Kerguelen in the timeperiod.This study provides the first review of skate by-catch across both the HIMI and Kerguelen fisheries.Ongoing monitoring of species specific by-catch levels and further research to determine the importantlife history parameters of these species are required, particularly for B. irrasa which is taken in both trawland longline fisheries.

DNA Metabarcoding of Amazonian Ichthyoplankton Swarms - Maggia, M. E.; Vigouroux, Y.; Renno, Jean-Francois; Fabrice Duponchelle; Desmarais, E; Jesus Nuñez-Rodriguez; García-Dávila, C; Carvajal-Vallejos, F M; Paradis, Emmanuel; Martin, Jean-François; Mariac, Cédric (PLoSOne, 2017)
Tropical rainforests harbor extraordinary biodiversity. The Amazon basin is thought to hold 30% of all river fish species in the world. Information about the ecology, reproduction, and recruitment of most species is still lacking, thus hampering fisheries management and successful conservation strategies. One of the key understudied issues in the study of population dynamics is recruitment. Fish larval ecology in tropical biomes is still in its infancy owing to identification difficulties. Molecular techniques are very promising tools for the identification of larvae at the species level. However, one of their limits is obtaining individual sequences with large samples of larvae. To facilitate this task, we developed a new method based on the massive parallel sequencing capability of next generation sequencing (NGS) coupled with hybridization capture. We focused on the mitochondrial marker cytochrome oxidase I (COI). The results obtained using the new method were compared with individual larval sequencing. We validated the ability of the method to identify Amazonian catfish larvae at the species level and to estimate the relative abundance of species in batches of larvae. Finally, we applied the method and provided evidence for strong temporal variation in reproductive activity of catfish species in the Ucayalí River in the Peruvian Amazon. This new time and cost effective method enables the acquisition of large datasets, paving the way for a finer understanding of reproductive dynamics and recruitment patterns of tropical fish species, with major implications for fisheries management and conservation.

Dynamics of DNA methylomes underlie oyster development - Guillaume Rivière; Yan He; Samuele Tecchio; Elizabeth Crowell; Michaël Gras; Pascal Sourdaine; Guo, Ximing; Pascal Favrel (PLoS Genetics, 2017)

Dynamics of particulate organic matter composition in coastal systems: A spatio-temporal study at multi-systems scale - Liénart, Camilla; Savoye, Nicolas; Bozec, Yann; Elsa Breton; Conan, Pascal; David, Valérie; Eric Feunteun; Karine Grangeré; Kerhervé, P.; Lebreton, B.; Sébastien Lefebvre; Stéphane L'Helguen; et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2017)
In coastal systems, the multiplicity of sources fueling the pool of particulate organic matter (POM) leads to divergent estimations of POM composition. Eleven systems (two littoral systems, eight embayments and semi-enclosed systems and one estuary) distributed along the three maritime façades of France were studied for two to eight years in order to quantify the relative contribution of organic matter sources to the surface-water POM pool in coastal systems. This study was based on carbon and nitrogen elemental and isotopic ratios, used for running mixing models. The POM of the estuary is dominated by terrestrial material (93% on average), whereas the POM of the other systems is dominated by phytoplankton (84% on average). Nevertheless, for the latter systems, the POM composition varies in space, with (1) systems where POM is highly composed of phytoplankton (≥93%), (2) systems characterized by a non-negligible contribution of benthic (8–19%) and/or river (7–19%) POM sources, and (3) the Mediterranean systems characterized by the contribution of diazotroph organisms (ca. 14%). A continent-to-ocean gradient of river and/or benthic POM contribution is observed. Finally, time series reveal (1) seasonal variations of POM composition, (2) differences in seasonality between systems, and (3) an inshore-offshore gradient of seasonality within each system that were sampled at several stations. Spatial and seasonal patterns of POM composition are mainly due to local to regional processes such as hydrodynamics and sedimentary hydrodynamic (e.g. resuspension processes, changes in river flows, wind patterns influencing along-shore currents) but also due to the geomorphology of the systems (depth of the water column, distance to the shore). Future studies investigating the link between these forcings and POM composition would help to better understand the dynamics of POM composition in coastal systems. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: bacterium; benthos; biogeochemistry; Biological materials; C and n stable isotopes; C:N ratio; Carbon; carbon isotope; Coastal systems; coastal zone; Fluid dynamics; France; geomorphology; Hydrodynamics; Isotopes; isotopic ratio; Mediterranean sea; Meta analysis; meta-analysis; Mixing; Mixing models; nitrogen isotope; Organic compounds; particulate organic matter; Particulate organic matters; Phytoplankton; prokaryote; Rivers; seasonality; spatiotemporal analysis; stable isotope; Surface water; Surface waters; terrestrial deposit; Time series

Dynamics of phytoplankton productivity and exopolysaccharides (EPS and TEP) pools in the Seine Estuary (France, Normandy) over tidal cycles and over two contrasting seasons - Morelle, Jérôme; Mathilde Schapira; Pascal Claquin (Marine Environmental Research, 2017)

Earliest known lepisosteoid extends the range of anatomically modern gars to the Late Jurassic - Brito, Paulo M.; Alvarado-Ortega, J; Meunier, Francois J. (Scientific reports, 2017)

Evidence of two species currently under the name of Eleotris fusca (Gobioidei: Eleotridae) in the Indian Ocean - Marion Mennesson; Philippe Keith (Cybium, 2017)
The observation of the cephalic free neuromast pattern of the genus Eleotris allows to classify the specimens in different groups of species but, as diagnostic characters without overlap are scarce, the morphological identification of the species is difficult. However, genetic analyses, particularly with barcoding (COI), facilitate the discrimination between species. In a recent study on the phylogeography of Eleotris fusca Bloch & Schneider, 1801 in the Indo-Pacific area, two species have been revealed although they present the same cephalic free neuromast pattern. The first one included specimens mainly from the Pacific Ocean and the second one, specimens from the Indian Ocean. They are separated with a mean pairwise divergence of 5.6% and present 32 diagnostic nucleotide substitutions in the 585 bp of COI sequenced. After the examination of all the available types of the synonym of E. fusca from the Indian Ocean, we revalidated the name of Eleotris klunzingerii Pfeffer, 1893.

The expression of nuclear and membrane estradiol receptors in the European eel throughout spermatogenesis. - Morini, Marina; Penaranda, David S; Vílchez, M C; Tveiten, Helge; Anne-Gaelle Lafont; Sylvie Dufour; Pérez, L; Asturiano, J F (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A, 2017)

Eye Development in Sepia officinalis Embryo: What the Uncommon Gene Expression Profiles Tell Us about Eye Evolution - Imarazen, Boudjema; Aude Andouche; Yann Bassaglia; Pascal Jean Lopez; Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli (Front. Physiol., 2017)
In metazoans, there is a remarkable diversity of photosensitive structures; their shapes, physiology, optical properties, and development are different. To approach the evolution of photosensitive structures and visual function, cephalopods are particularly interesting organisms due to their most highly centralized nervous system and their camerular eyes which constitute a convergence with those of vertebrates. The eye morphogenesis in numerous metazoans is controlled mainly by a conserved Retinal Determination Gene Network (RDGN) including pax, six, eya, and dac playing also key developmental roles in non-retinal structures and tissues of vertebrates and Drosophila. Here we have identified and explored the role of Sof-dac, Sof-six1/2, Sof-eya in eye morphogenesis, and nervous structures controlling the visual function in Sepia officinalis. We compare that with the already shown expressions in eye development of Sof-otx and Sof-pax genes. Rhodopsin is the pigment responsible for light sensitivity in metazoan, which correlate to correlate visual function and eye development. We studied Sof-rhodopsin expression during retina differentiation. By in situ hybridization, we show that (1) all of the RDGN genes, including Sof-pax6, are expressed in the eye area during the early developmental stages but they are not expressed in the retina, unlike Sof-otx, which could have a role in retina differentiation; (2) Sof-rhodopsin is expressed in the retina just before vision gets functional, from stage 23 to hatching. Our results evidence a role of Sof-six1/2, Sof-eya, and Sof-dac in eye development. However, the gene network involved in the retinal photoreceptor differentiation remains to be determined. Moreover, for the first time, Sof-rhodopsin expression is shown in the embryonic retina of cuttlefish suggesting the evolutionary conservation of the role of rhodopsin in visual phototransduction within metazoans. These findings are correlated with the physiological and behavioral observations suggesting that S. officinalis is able to react to light stimuli from stage 25 of organogenesis on, as soon as the first retinal pigments appear.
Keywords: dac; eya; eye development; rhodopsin; Sepia officinalis; six

First proteomic analyses of the dorsal and ventral parts of the Sepia officinalis cuttlebone. - Le Pabic, Charles; Marie, Arul; Marie, Benjamin; Percot, Aline; Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli; Pascal Jean Lopez; Gilles Luquet (J Proteomics, 2017)
Protein compounds constituting mollusk shells are known for their major roles in the biomineralization processes. These last years, a great diversity of shell proteins have been described in bivalves and gastropods allowing a better understanding of the calcification control by organic compounds and given promising applications in biotechnology. Here, we analyzed for the first time the organic matrix of the aragonitic Sepia officinalis shell, with an emphasis on protein composition of two different structures: the dorsal shield and the chambered part. Our results highlight an organic matrix mainly composed of polysaccharide, glycoprotein and protein compounds as previously described in other mollusk shells, with quantitative and qualitative differences between the dorsal shield and the chamber part. Proteomic analysis resulted in identification of only a few protein compounds underlining the lack of reference databases for Sepiidae. However, most of them contain domains previously characterized in matrix proteins of aragonitic shell-builder mollusks, suggesting ancient and conserved mechanisms of the aragonite biomineralization processes within mollusks. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The cuttlefish's inner shell, better known under the name "cuttlebone", is a complex mineral structure unique in mollusks and involved in tissue support and buoyancy regulation. Although it combines useful properties as high compressive strength, high porosity and high permeability, knowledge about organic compounds involved in its building remains limited. Moreover, several cuttlebone organic matrix studies reported data very different from each other or from other mollusk shells. Thus, this study provides 1) an overview of the organization of the main mineral structures found in the S. officinalis shell, 2) a reliable baseline about its organic composition, and 3) a first descriptive proteomic approach of organic matrices found in the two main parts of this shell. These data will contribute to the general knowledge about mollusk biomineralization as well as in the identification of protein compounds involved in the Sepiidae shell calcification.

Food resources of the bivalve Astarte elliptica in a sub-Arctic fjord: a multi-biomarker approach - Gaillard, B; Tarik Meziane; Réjean Tremblay; P Archambault; Blicher, M E; Laurent Chauvaud; Rysgaard, S; Frédéric Olivier (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2017)
ABSTRACT: It is generally agreed that pelagic-benthic coupling is tight on Arctic shelves, i.e. that organic matter produced in the surface layers supports the seafloor and benthos. However, this paradigm is mainly based on the assumption that phytoplankton and ice algae are the main sources of carbon for the benthic communities. Climate change is expected to alter the relative contribution of food sources for benthic organisms. Macroalgal biomass is predicted to increase in near-shore systems in response to increased temperature and reduced sea ice cover. Thus, a better understanding of the relative contribution of benthic and pelagic components in benthic food webs in the Arctic is needed. In this study, a multi-biomarker approach (stable isotopes, fatty acid trophic markers, and compound-specific stable isotope analysis) was applied to link potential sources of carbon, including particulate organic matter from subsurface and bottom waters, sediment organic matter, and 6 macroalgal species to the diet of the bivalve Astarte elliptica collected below the euphotic zone in a sub-Arctic fjord (Kobbefjord, Greenland). Results showed that A. elliptica feeds on particulate and sediment organic matter and that brown macroalgae significantly support the Arctic benthic food web. Multi-biomarker approaches can be used to determine the diet of benthic organisms and track temporal variability in sources of food. It therefore appears to be an interesting method to study food regime strategies in response to changing primary production dynamics.

Genetic and morphological evidence for cryptic species in Macrobrachium australe and resurrection of M. ustulatum (Crustacea, Palaemonidae) (European Journal of Taxonomy, 2017)
Macrobrachium australe is an amphidromous prawn living in the insular freshwater systems of the Indo-Pacific. Because it possesses few informative morphological characters, that often vary from one habitat to another, M. australe has produced much taxonomic confusion and has historically been described under eight synonyms. Here, 53 specimens collected throughout the Indo-Pacific under the name M. australe were phylogenetically and morphologically examined. Results revealed that what has been called M. australe belongs to at least two distinct species: M. australe, distributed from the Southwest Indian Ocean to the Central Pacific Ocean, and a cryptic species potentially restricted to the Northwest Pacific Ocean, here identified as M. ustulatum, which until now was considered as a junior synonym. Although they are not quite found in the same habitat (lentic-lotic), the presence of these distinct, and reciprocally monophyletic entities in the same rivers on the islands of Palau and Santo strongly favors the hypothesis of two reproductively isolated entities. Six morphological characters, including the proportions of the joints of the male second pereiopod, the shape of the epistome lobe and the armature of the fourth thoracic sternite, are evidenced as diagnostic. A neotype of M. australe is designated and deposited in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris.

Genetic and morphological evidence for cryptic species in Macrobrachium australe and resurrection of M. ustulatum (Crustacea, Palaemonidae) - Castelin, Magalie; de Mazancourt, Valentin; Marquet, Gérard; Zimmermann, Gabrielle; Philippe Keith (European Journal of Taxonomy, 2017)
Macrobrachium australe is an amphidromous prawn living in the insular freshwater systems of the Indo-Pacific. Because it possesses few informative morphological characters, that often vary from one habitat to another, M. australe has produced much taxonomic confusion and has historically been described under eight synonyms. Here, 53 specimens collected throughout the Indo-Pacific under the name M. australe were phylogenetically and morphologically examined. Results revealed that what has been called M. australe belongs to at least two distinct species: M. australe, distributed from the Southwest Indian Ocean to the Central Pacific Ocean, and a cryptic species potentially restricted to the Northwest Pacific Ocean, here identified as M. ustulatum, which until now was considered as a junior synonym. Although they are not quite found in the same habitat (lentic-lotic), the presence of these distinct, and reciprocally monophyletic entities in the same rivers on the islands of Palau and Santo strongly favors the hypothesis of two reproductively isolated entities. Six morphological characters, including the proportions of the joints of the male second pereiopod, the shape of the epistome lobe and the armature of the fourth thoracic sternite, are evidenced as diagnostic. A neotype of M. australe is designated and deposited in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris.
Keywords: Amphidromous prawn; Indo-West Pacific; morphology; multi-locus phylogeny

Geography and life history traits account for the accumulation of cryptic diversity among Indo-West Pacific coral reef fishes - Hubert, Nicolas; Dettai, Agnès; Patrice Pruvost; Cruaud, Corinne; Kulbicki, Michel; Myers, Robert F.; Borsa, Philippe (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2017)

A global picture of biological invasion threat on islands. - Bellard, Céline; Rysman, Jean-François; Leroy, Boris; Claud, C; Mace, Georgina M (Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2017)
Biological invasions are among the main drivers of biodiversity losses. As threats from biological invasions increase, one of the most urgent tasks is to identify areas of high vulnerability. However, the lack of comprehensive information on the impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) is a problem especially on islands, where most of the recorded extinctions associated with IAS have occurred. Here we provide a global, network-oriented analysis of IAS on islands. Using network analysis, we structured 27,081 islands and 437 threatened vertebrates into 21 clusters, based on their profiles in term of invasiveness and shared vulnerabilities. These islands are mainly located in the Southern Hemisphere and many are in biodiversity hotspots. Some of the islands share similar characteristics regarding their connectivity that could be useful for understanding their response to invasive species. The major invaders found in these clusters of islands are feral cats, feral dogs, pigs and rats. Our analyses reveal those IAS that systematically act alone or in combination, and the pattern of shared IAS among threatened species, providing new information to implement effective eradication strategies. Combined with further local, contextual information this can contribute to global strategies to deal with IAS.

The Gulf Stream frontal system: A key oceanographic feature in the habitat selection of the leatherback turtle? - Chambault, Philippine; Roquet, Fabien; Benhamou, Simon; Baudena, Alberto; Pauthenet, Etienne; de Thoisy, Benoît; Bonola, Marc; Dos Reis, Virginie; Crasson, Rodrigue; Brucker, Mathieu; Le Maho, Yvon; Chevallier, Damien (Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2017)

Habitat use and diving behaviour of gravid olive ridley sea turtles under riverine conditions in French Guiana - Chambault, Philippine; Giraudou, Lucie; de Thoisy, Benoît; Bonola, Marc; Kelle, Laurent; Reis, Virginie Dos; Blanchard, Fabian; Le Maho, Yvon; Chevallier, Damien (Journal of Marine Systems, 2017)

High-resolution climatic reconstruction in the tropical Pacific based on biocarbonate archives - Claire E. Lazareth (Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris VI, 2017)
In the current context of global change and the associated need to provide forecasts on the future evolution of the climate as precise as possible, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of the earth climate system. Pacific Ocean is an important compartment of this system. It is the place of strong ocean-atmosphere interactions and the birthplace of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the impacts of which are catastrophic for the environments and the populations. The current knowledge on ENSO partly relies on observations which are however limited in time. To increase this dataset and understand the natural climate variability, additional data are acquired for past periods, based on various type of archives. Because ENSO occurrences are connected with the seasonal variability and last several months, high temporal resolution information, are necessary. In this manuscript I shall describe how I tried to develop, and to apply, environmental proxies from biocarbonate archives in the tropical Pacific Ocean to reconstruct the monthly or infra-monthly variability of the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and the evaporation/precipitation balance. To do that, I focused my works on the mollusk shells and Porites sp coral skeleton. These archives contain various tracers (growth and geochemical variations) of the sought environmental variables. I will show that the thicknesses of growth decreases of the Protothaca thaca bivalve shells (East Pacific) indicate occurrences of El Nino events. In the Western part of the Pacific basin, changes in daily increment thicknesses in two Tridacnidae species, Tridacna maxima and Hippopus hippopus are related to SST changes but also depend on physiological condition of the animals. While certain geochemical tracers (Sr/Ca, δ18O) within Porites sp. Skeleton can be used with a certain confidence, this is not always the case for the mollusk shells. I will show that the use of Mg/Ca as a SST proxy depends on the species and that physiology and very early diagenesis are obstacles in the use of this proxy. In T. maxima and H hippopus, δ18O can be used as a tracer of SST and of the evaporation/precipitation balance. To reconstruct variations of these parameters during the Mid-Holocene, I worked on fossil giant clams and corals, after diagenesis assessment. I will show how various types of diagenesis impact the microstructure, the geochemistry, and the reconstructed environmental parameter. I will also propose hypotheses on the diagenesis process itself. Based on results obtained from Mid-Holocene archives, I will show that the post-glacial SST rise was reached at around 6.5-6 ka BP in the Southwest Pacific, that the South Pacific Convergence Zone influence was more probably reduced, the Hadley circulation enhanced, and that ENSO variability was probably reduced. The work done on Lapita (3 ka BP) Tridacnidae confirmed that the Lapita migration has probably been favored by an increase in climatic variability.The last chapter deals with the future directions I would like to give to my research that include i/ better understand the incorporation of proxies in mollusk and ii/ try to propose solution for sustainable management of tropical ecosystems based on the use of biocarbonate as recorder of the environment and its disturbances.

Histological characteristics of lower jaw bones and oral teeth of the short nose gar, Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque, 1820 (Lepisosteidae) - Meunier, Francois J.; Brito, Paulo M. (2017)

The homology and function of the lung plates in extant and fossil coelacanths - Cupello, C; Meunier, Francois J.; Herbin, Marc; Janvier, Philippe; Clément, Gaël; Brito, Paulo M. (Scientific reports, 2017)

Identifying Toxic Impacts of Metals Potentially Released during Deep-Sea Mining—A Synthesis of the Challenges to Quantifying Risk - Hauton, Chris; Brown, Alastair; Thatje, Sven; Mestre, Nélia C.; Bebianno, Maria J.; Martins, Inês; Bettencourt, Raul; Canals, Miquel; Sanchez-Vidal, Anna; Bruce Shillito; Juliette Ravaux; Magali Zbinden; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017)
In January 2017, the International Seabed Authority released a discussion paper on the development of Environmental Regulations for deep-sea mining (DSM) within the Area Beyond National Jurisdiction (the “Area”). With the release of this paper, the prospect for commercial mining in the Area within the next decade has become very real. Moreover, within nations' Exclusive Economic Zones, the exploitation of deep-sea mineral ore resources could take place on very much shorter time scales and, indeed, may have already started. However, potentially toxic metal mixtures may be released at sea during different stages of the mining process and in different physical phases (dissolved or particulate). As toxicants, metals can disrupt organism physiology and performance, and therefore may impact whole populations, leading to ecosystem scale effects. A challenge to the prediction of toxicity is that deep-sea ore deposits include complex mixtures of minerals, including potentially toxic metals such as copper, cadmium, zinc, and lead, as well as rare earth elements. Whereas the individual toxicity of some of these dissolved metals has been established in laboratory studies, the complex and variable mineral composition of seabed resources makes the a priori prediction of the toxic risk of DSM extremely challenging. Furthermore, although extensive data quantify the toxicity of metals in solution in shallow-water organisms, these may not be representative of the toxicity in deep-sea organisms, which may differ biochemically and physiologically and which will experience those toxicants under conditions of low temperature, high hydrostatic pressure, and potentially altered pH. In this synthesis, we present a summation of recent advances in our understanding of the potential toxic impacts of metal exposure to deep-sea meio- to megafauna at low temperature and high pressure, and consider the limitation of deriving lethal limits based on the paradigm of exposure to single metals in solution. We consider the potential for long-term and far-field impacts to key benthic invertebrates, including the very real prospect of sub-lethal impacts and behavioral perturbation of exposed species. In conclusion, we advocate the adoption of an existing practical framework for characterizing bulk resource toxicity in advance of exploitation.

The impact of suspended oyster farming on nitrogen cycling and nitrous oxide production in a sub-tropical Australian estuary - Dirk V. Erler; David T. Welsh; William W. Bennet; Tarik Meziane; Cédric Hubas; Daniele Nizzoli; Angus J.P. Ferguson (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2017)
In this study we quantified nitrate (NO3−) reduction (denitrification, anammox and DNRA) and N2O production in sediments and epibiont communities associated with Sydney Rock Oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) farming. In sediments beneath an active suspended oyster farm, DNRA accounted for 98% of NO3− reduction with rates of up to 169 ± 45 μmol N m−2 h−1. Much of this DNRA was fuelled by NO3− derived from nitrification. Reference sediments had significantly lower DNRA rates of 83.8 ± 28.2 μmol N m−2 h−1, however this constituted 96% of the sites total NO3− reduction. Fatty acid analysis showed that sediment organic matter was more labile in the oyster impacted sediments, facilitating subtle shifts in sediment oxygen demand which increased the Fe2+ availability with respect to the reference sediments. The difference in DNRA rate between the sites was attributed to autotrophic oxidation of soluble Fe2+ in sediments underlying the oyster cultures. DNRA was absent in the oyster shell epibiont communities and rates of anammox and denitrification were lower than in the sediments. Production of NH4+ from the oysters and their associated epibionts was larger than DNRA and reached a rate of 206.2 μmol N m−2 h−1. Nitrous oxide production rates were generally low compared to other aquaculture systems and the net flux of N2O for the combined oyster cultivation system (i.e. sediments plus epibionts) was negative, i.e. there was N2O consumption in the sediments beneath the oysters. Overall, subtropical suspended oyster farming systems favour inorganic N retention over N loss.
Keywords: Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium

Inter and intra-specific growth and domoic acid production in relation to nutrient ratios and concentrations in Pseudo-nitzschia: phosphate an important factor - Lema, Kimberley A.; Latimier, Marie; Nézan, Elisabeth; Juliette Fauchot; Le Gac, Mickael (Harmful Algae, 2017)
The factors responsible for inducing the synthesis of toxins and responses from toxic phytoplankton blooms remain unclear. In this study we compare the influence of genotypic (at both the intra and interspecific levels) and environmental factors (nutrient concentration and ratio) on growth (in terms of cell densities) and domoic acid (DA) production in three Pseudo-nitzschia species: P. australis, P.pungens and P.fradulenta. A strong phosphate effect was detected. More precisely, a low initial concentration in phosphate, even at high initial nitrogen and silicate concentrations, induced the highest DA concentrations and the lowest cell densities in all strains/species studied. In contrast, a low initial concentration of nitrogen and silicate combined, with a higher phosphate concentration resulted in low cell densities, but without high DA production. Inter-species effects were also observed in DA production, where P. australis represented the most toxigenic species of all. Intra-specific variations were only moderate, except for a recently isolated P. australis strain, suggesting the influence of time since isolation on the physiology and DA production of Pseudo-nitzschia species. Overall, the lack of strong interaction between environmental and genotypic factors showed that the various genotypes investigated did not extensively diverge in their ability to respond (in terms of DA production and cell densities) to contrasting nutrient supply.

Le cas des récifs d’hermelles Nuisible ou patrimonial : l’évolution des perceptions en milieu marin - Patrick Le Mao; Nicolas Desroy; Jérôme Fournier; Laurent Godet; Eric Thiébaut (Le Courrier de la Nature, 2017)

Le Mont-Saint-Michel et sa baie peuvent-ils se réconcilier ? - Canard, Alain; Prigent, Lionel; Frédéric Ysnel; Robin, Thierry; Alexandre Carpentier; Lefeuvre, Jean-Claude; Bioret, Frédéric (Actes du colloque de Bailleul 2017 « Valeurs et usages des zones humides », 2017)

Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole: A Review of the MEOP Consortium - Treasure, Anne; Roquet, Fabien; Ansorge, Isabelle; Bester, Marthán; Boehme, Lars; Bornemann, Horst; Charrassin, Jean-Benoît; Chevallier, Damien; Costa, Daniel; Fedak, Mike; Guinet, Christophe; Hammill, Mike; et al. (Oceanography, 2017)

Mercury contamination level and speciation inventory in Lakes Titicaca and Uru-Uru (Bolivia): Current status and future trends - S. Guédron; D. Point; D. Acha; S. Bouchet; P.A. Baya; E. Tessier; M. Monperrus; C.I. Molina; A. Groleau; Laurent Chauvaud; J. Thebault; E. Amice; et al. (Environmental Pollution, 2017)
Aquatic ecosystems of the Bolivian Altiplano (∼3800 m a.s.l.) are characterized by extreme hydro-climatic constrains (e.g., high UV-radiations and low oxygen) and are under the pressure of increasing anthropogenic activities, unregulated mining, agricultural and urban development. We report here a complete inventory of mercury (Hg) levels and speciation in the water column, atmosphere, sediment and key sentinel organisms (i.e., plankton, fish and birds) of two endorheic Lakes of the same watershed differing with respect to their size, eutrophication and contamination levels. Total Hg (THg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) concentrations in filtered water and sediment of Lake Titicaca are in the lowest range of reported levels in other large lakes worldwide. Downstream, Hg levels are 3-10 times higher in the shallow eutrophic Lake Uru-Uru than in Lake Titicaca due to high Hg inputs from the surrounding mining region. High percentages of MMHg were found in the filtered and unfiltered water rising up from <1 to ∼50% THg from the oligo/hetero-trophic Lake Titicaca to the eutrophic Lake Uru-Uru. Such high %MMHg is explained by a high in situ MMHg production in relation to the sulfate rich substrate, the low oxygen levels of the water column, and the stabilization of MMHg due to abundant ligands present in these alkaline waters. Differences in MMHg concentrations in water and sediments compartments between Lake Titicaca and Uru-Uru were found to mirror the offset in MMHg levels that also exist in their respective food webs. This suggests that in situ MMHg baseline production is likely the main factor controlling MMHg levels in fish species consumed by the local population. Finally, the increase of anthropogenic pressure in Lake Titicaca may probably enhance eutrophication processes which favor MMHg production and thus accumulation in water and biota.
Keywords: Titicaca

Mixed-stock analysis in green turtles Chelonia mydas: mtDNA decipher current connections among west Atlantic populations - Costa Jordao, Juliana; Bondioli, Ana Cristina Vigliar; Almeida-Toledo, Lurdes Foresti de; Bilo, Karin; Berzins, Rachel; Le Maho, Yvon; Chevallier, Damien; de Thoisy, Benoît (Mitochondrial DNA Part A, 2017)

Molecular characterization of an adipokinetic hormone-related neuropeptide (AKH) from a mollusk - Marie-Pierre Dubos; Bernay, Benoît; Pascal Favrel (General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2017)

Morphodynamics of an eroding beach and foredune in the Mekong River delta: Implications for deltaic shoreline change - E.J. Anthony; P. Dussouillez; Franck Dolique; M. Besset; G. Brunier; V.L. Nguyen; M. Goichot (Continental Shelf Research, 2017)
River delta shorelines composed of sand may be characterized by complex spatial and temporal patterns of erosion and accretion even when sand supply is readily available. This is especially the case for deltas with multiple mouths subject to significant wave and tide influence. High-resolution topographical and wave and current measurements were conducted from 2010 to 2012 at Ba Dông beach, a popular resort located on the largest of the multiple inter-distributary plains of the Mekong River delta. Ba Dông beach is a mesotidal, multiple bar-trough system. The upper beach corresponds to the current active beach ridge in the sequence of ridges that have marked the progradation of the inter-distributary delta plains, and is capped by a low foredune that protects villages and agricultural land from marine flooding. During the low river-flow season, the beach is characterized by Northeast monsoon waves and strong longshore currents that transport sediment towards the southwest. Weaker longshore currents towards the northeast are generated by Southwest monsoon waves during the high river-flow season. Ba Dông beach underwent strong erosion between 2010 and 2012, following a phase of massive accretion. In 2012, this erosion resulted in breaching of the foredune, contributing to concerns that the Mekong delta had become vulnerable to retreat. The local erosion at Ba Dông needs to be considered, however, in the broader context of delta shoreline morphodynamics, which involves space- and time-varying patterns of beach accretion and erosion. These patterns are the present expressions of plan-view beach-ridge morphology in the delta, which is characterized by flaring and truncations that reflect changing beach morphodynamics in the course of deltaic progradation. We surmise that these patterns are related to complex interactions involving river water and sediment discharge, waves and wave-generated longshore currents, tidal currents, and shoreline orientation.
Keywords: Asian monsoon waves; Beach morphodynamics; Beach ridges; Delta erosion and accretion; Mekong delta

Morphology and evolution of the nervous system in Gnathostomulida (Gnathifera, Spiralia) - Gąsiorowski, Ludwik; Bekkouche, Nicolas; Worsaae, Katrine (Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2017)

Multi-approach analysis to assess diet of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena in the southern North Sea - Mahfouz, C; Tarik Meziane; Henry, F; Abi-Ghanem, C; Spitz, J; Jauniaux, T; Bouveroux, T; Khalef, G (Marine Ecology and Progress Series, 2017)
Over the past decade, the distribution of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena has undergone a southward shift in the North Sea, which has led to an increase in the number of stranded porpoises in its southern part. Since the changes in distribution and relative abundance of porpoises may be linked to the changes in prey availability, the aim of the present work was to investigate whether any changes in the feeding habits of harbour porpoises along the North Sea occurred in the past decade. The diet of harbour porpoises stranded along the southern North Sea (northern France and Belgian coast) was assessed through 3 complementary methods: stomach content analysis, stable isotopes (carbon and nitrogen) analysis determined from muscle samples, and fatty acids analysis determined from blubber samples. Fatty acid patterns and stable isotope values from 52 porpoises were compared to 14 potential prey species collected from the southern North Sea. Our results showed that the diet of porpoises along the southern North Sea comprises fish species that are among the most abundant and widely distributed in the area, except for the sardine Sardina pilchardus that appeared to be a new potential prey. Moreover, our results suggested that the decline in sandeel (Ammodytidae) in the northern parts of the North Sea along with the re-invasion of the southern North Sea by sardine species might affect the distribution of harbour porpoises.

A nanoscale study of carbon and nitrogen fluxes in mats of purple sulfur bacteria: implications for carbon cycling at the surface of coastal sediments - Cédric Hubas; Boeuf, Dominique; Bruno Jesus; Najet Thiney; Bozec, Yann; Christian Jeanthon (Frontiers in Microbiology, 2017)
Mass blooms of purple sulfur bacteria growing seasonally on green stranded macroalgae have a major impact on the microbial composition and functionality of intertidal mats. To explore the active anoxygenic phototrophic community in purple bacterial mats from the Roscoff Aber Bay (Brittany, France), we conducted a combined approach including molecular and high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) analyses. To investigate the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen assimilation activities, NanoSIMS was coupled with a stable isotope probing (SIP) experiment and a compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Sediment samples were incubated with 13C- and/or 15N-labelled acetate, pyruvate, bicarbonate and ammonium. NanoSIMS analysis of 13C - and 15N -incubated samples showed elevated incorporations of 13C - and 15N in the light and of 13C -acetate in the dark into dense populations of spherical cells that unambiguously dominated the mats. These results confirmed CSIA data that ranked vaccenic acid, an unambiguous marker of purple sulfur bacteria, as the most strongly enriched in the light after 13C -acetate amendment and indicated that acetate uptake, the most active in the mat, was not light-dependent. Analysis of DNA- and cDNA-derived pufM gene sequences revealed that Thiohalocapsa-related clones dominated both libraries and were the most photosynthetically active members of the mat samples. This study provides novel insights into the contribution of purple sulfur bacteria to the carbon cycle during their seasonal developments at the sediment surface in the intertidal zone.

New epizoic diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from sea turtles in the Eastern Caribbean and South Pacific - Riaux-Gobin, Catherine; Witkowski, Andrzej; Kociolek, J. Patrick; Ector, Luc; Chevallier, Damien; Compère, Pierre (Diatom Research, 2017)

New insights on the musculature of filospermoid Gnathostomulida - Gąsiorowski, Ludwik; Bekkouche, Nicolas; Sørensen, Martin V.; Kristensen, Reinhardt M.; Sterrer, Wolfgang; Worsaae, Katrine (Zoomorphology, 2017)

Nuclear and membrane progestin receptors in the European eel: characterization and expression in vivo through spermatogenesis - Morini, Marina; Penaranda, David S; Vílchez, M C; Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, R; Anne-Gaelle Lafont; Sylvie Dufour; Asturiano, J F; Weltzien, Finn-Arne; Perez, Luz (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A, 2017)

Nursery function of coastal temperate benthic habitats: New insight from the bivalve recruitment perspective - Pierrick Barbier; Tarik Meziane; Forêt, M; Réjean Tremblay; Robert, R; Frédéric Olivier (Journal of Sea Research, 2017)
Marine habitat function has been typically investigated in terms of biogeochemical regulation but rarely in terms of population renewal, which is mainly controlled by recruitment dynamics. The recruitment phase is crucial for organisms with a bentho-pelagic life cycle, such as bivalves, and it regulates the population renewal success. This study provides new insight on the role of temperate benthic habitats on bivalve recruitment, as a function of nursery areas. Six dominant benthic habitats of the Chausey archipelago (Normandy, France) were studied. In each habitat, bivalve recruit assemblages were described at the end of two reproductive seasons. Furthermore, Ostrea edulis juveniles were immerged on each habitat during two months to compare growth performances and feeding status, estimated by fatty acid composition. Recruit assemblages differ from each habitat according to sediment grain-size composition and bathymetrical levels. Subtidal habitats, and especially Crepidula fornicata banks and Glycymeris glycymeris coarse sands, supported the highest species abundance and richness of recruits. All O. edulis juveniles fed on the same trophic resources but digestive glands of juveniles from C. fornicata banks were more concentrated in total fatty acids than those from subtidal G. glycymeris coarse sands and maerl banks. Our results depict the key role of subtidal and structured habitats, composed of ecosystem engineers, in enhancing bivalve recruitment and extending the bivalve population renewal. This study suggests that the crucial role of these habitats as bivalve nurseries must be integrated in management perspectives

Nutrient ratios influence variability in Pseudo-nitzschia species diversity and particulate domoic acid production in the Bay of Seine (France) - Thorel, Maxine; Pascal Claquin; Mathilde Schapira; Romain Le Gendre; Riou, Philippe; Goux, Didier; Le Roy, Bertrand; Raimbault, V; Deton-Cabanillas, Anne-Flore; Bazin, Pauline; Kientz-Bouchart, Valérie; Juliette Fauchot (Harmful Algae, 2017)
The population dynamics of different Pseudo-nitzschia species, along with particulate domoic acid (pDA) concentrations, were studied from May 2012 to December 2013 in the Bay of Seine (English Channel, Normandy). While Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms occurred during the two years of study, Pseudo-nitzschia species diversity and particulate domoic acid concentrations varied greatly. In 2012, three different species were identified during the spring bloom (P. australis, P. pungens and P. fraudulenta) with high pDA concentrations (∼1400 ng l−1) resulting in shellfish harvesting closures. In contrast, the 2013 spring was characterised by a P. delicatissima bloom without any toxic event. Above all, the results show that high pDA concentrations coincided with the presence of P. australis and with potential silicate limitation (Si:N < 1), while nitrate concentrations were still replete. The contrasting environmental conditions between 2012 and 2013 highlight different environmental controls that might favour the development of either P. delicatissima or P. australis. This study points to the key role of Pseudo-nitzschia diversity and cellular toxicity in the control of particulate domoic acid variations and highlights the fact that diversity and toxicity are influenced by nutrients, especially nutrient ratios.
Keywords: Bloom dynamics; Domoic acid; English Channel; Nutrient ratios; Pseudo-nitzschia Species diversity

The nutritional quality of non-calcified macroalgae in Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles) evaluated by their biochemical composition - Charlotte R. Dromard; Bouchon, Yolande; Harmelin-Vivien, Mireille; Bouchon, Claude (Gulf and Caribbean Research, 2017)

The Pax gene family: Highlights from cephalopods - Navet, Sandra; Buresi, Auxane; Sébastien Baratte; Aude Andouche; Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli; Yann Bassaglia (PLOS ONE, 2017)

Is personality of young fish consistent through different behavioural tests? - Tatiana Colchen; Faux, E.; Teletchea, F.; Pasquet, A. (Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2017)
Most studies carried out on personality recognized that personality is defined by behavioural traits consistent through time and/or contexts. In fish, most studies on personality were performed either on juveniles (aged between 6 months and 1 year) or adults, but very few focused on the early life stages. The main goal of this study is to characterize behavioural syndromes and to highlight the existence of a personality in young juvenile pikeperch, a species with a strong economic value. To study the consistency of behavioural responses of juvenile (50 and 64 days post-hatch) pikeperch Sander lucioperca (n = 41, total length = 5.8 ± 1.0 cm and mass = 1.6 ± 0.7 g), we performed three tests per fish in one day: exploration (cross-maze), dyadic and restraint test. In the cross-maze test, exploratory fish were more active and bolder. In the dyadic test, fish with the highest number of contacts, showed also more approaches, orientations and avoidance behaviours. In the restraint test, bolder fish were more active and tried to escape more often. Consequently, the investigation of the different behavioural responses of each fish highlighted behavioural syndromes in this species. Furthermore, for the first time, we showed, with a cross-context analysis, that young juvenile pikeperch, responded in the same way to exploration and dyadic test but their responses were opposite in the restraint test. Our results opened new opportunities for testing individual personality in very young fish that may help solving some aquaculture problems, such as intra-cohort cannibalism.
Keywords: Behavioural syndromes; behavioural tests; Individual personality; Pikeperch juveniles; Sander lucioperca

Phylogeography of the reef-building polychaetes of the genus Phragmatopoma in the western Atlantic Region - Flavia Nunes; Alain Van Wormhoudt; Larisse Faroni Perez; Jérôme Fournier (Journal of Biogeography, 2017)
Aim To verify the synonymy of the reef-building polychaete Phragmatopoma caudata (described for the Caribbean) and Phragmatopoma lapidosa (described for Brazil) using molecular data. To evaluate the patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity among populations from Florida to South Brazil. Location Intertidal zone in the western Atlantic biogeographical Region: Brazil, eastern Caribbean and Florida (USA). Methods DNA sequence data from one mitochondrial (cox-1) and one nuclear ribosomal (ITS-1) loci were obtained from 11 populations of P. caudata spanning the coasts of Brazil, eastern Caribbean and Florida. Phylogenetic relationships among populations of P. caudata and other members of the genus were inferred by Bayesian methods. Population differentiation was evaluated by Bayesian analysis of population structure (baps), AMOVA and pairwise φst. Demographic history was inferred by Bayesian skyline plots. Results Phylogenetic inference supported the interpretation of a single species of Phragmatopoma spanning the Brazilian and Caribbean Provinces of the western Atlantic Region. Little population structure was observed across the species distribution, with the exception of the Florida population. The baps analysis supported a 2-population model, with population differentiation being strong and significant between Florida and all other Atlantic populations for cox-1, and significant between Florida and most populations for ITS-1. Differences in genetic diversity were not significant between Caribbean and Brazilian populations, although several populations in Brazil had low values for diversity indices. Bayesian skyline plots indicate population expansion starting at c. 200 ka. Main conclusions Phragmatopoma caudata is able to maintain genetic connectivity across most of its geographical range, with population differentiation being observed only between Florida and all other localities, possibly due to ecological speciation in the transition zone between tropical and subtropical environments. Long-distance connectivity across much of the species range is likely the result of long-lived larvae that are tolerant to a wide range of environmental conditions.

Physiological adjustments and transcriptome reprogramming are involved in the acclimation to salinity gradients in diatoms - Adrien Bussard; Corre, Erwan; Cédric Hubas; Duvernois‐Berthet, Evelyne; Gildas Le Corguille; Jourdren, Laurent; Coulpier, Fanny; Pascal Claquin; Pascal Jean Lopez (Environmental Microbiology, 2017)
Salinity regimes in estuaries and coastal areas vary with river discharge patterns, seawater evaporation, the morphology of the coastal waterways, and the dynamics of marine water mixing. Therefore, microalgae have to respond to salinity variations at time scales ranging from daily to annual cycles. Microalgae may also have to adapt to physical alterations that induce the loss of connectivity between habitats and the enclosure of bodies of water. Here, we integrated physiological assays and measurements of morphological plasticity with a functional genomics approach to examine the regulatory changes that occur during the acclimation to salinity in the estuarine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. We found that cells exposed to different salinity regimes for a short or long period presented adjustments in their carbon fractions, silicon pools, pigment concentrations and/or photosynthetic parameters. Salinity-induced alterations in frustule symmetry were observed only in the long-term cultures. Whole transcriptome analyses revealed a down-regulation of nuclear and plastid encoded genes during the long-term response and identified only a few regulated genes that were in common between the short- and long-term responses. We propose that in diatoms, one strategy for acclimating to salinity gradients and maintaining optimal cellular fitness could be a reduction in the cost of transcription. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The “Pinocchio-shrimp effect”: first evidence of variation in rostrum length with the environment in Caridina H. Milne-Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) - de Mazancourt, Valentin; Marquet, Gérard; Philippe Keith (Journal of Crustacean Biology, 2017)
External morphology has always been the first criterion used to separate species of shrimps, especially in the freshwater genus Caridina H. Milne-Edwards, 1837, but more doubts have been expressed regarding the relevance of some of the morphological characters. We collected 27 specimens of Caridina from seven different localities during field work conducted on the island of Pohnpei (Federated States of Micronesia). After genetic verification that they all belonged to the same species, 19 morphological variables were measured and correlated with the elevation of the collecting stations using correlation analyses. We provide evidence that the length of the rostrum showed strong negative correlation with the elevation. This could be explained either by the physical stress exerted on the rostrum by the stronger water currents in the stations at a higher elevation, as a defence against predators in the lower stations, or a combination of both possibilities. The taxonomy of these shrimps is thus challenging and should not rely only on rostrum length, but on other characters such as the number of teeth on the dorsal margin of the carapace, which is not correlated with rostrum length and therefore, with the environment.
Keywords: correlation analysis; effect of elevation; freshwater shrimps; Micronesia; morphology; taxonomy

Pollution at Cohana Bay, Lake Titicaca (Bolivia): challenges and opportunities to promote its recovery - Molina, Carlos I; Lazzaro, Xavier; Guédron, S; Darío Achá (Ecología en Bolivia, 2017)

Present and future distribution of three aquatic plants taxa across the world: decrease in native and increase in invasive ranges - Gillard, Morgane; Thiébaut, Gabrielle; Deleu, Carole; Leroy, Boris (Biological Invasions, 2017)
Inland aquatic ecosystems are vulnerable to both climate change and biological invasion at broad spatial scales. The aim of this study was to establish the current and future potential distribution of three invasive plant taxa, Egeria densa, Myriophyllum aquaticum and Ludwigia spp., in their native and exotic ranges. We used species distribution models (SDMs), with nine different algorithms and three global circulation models, and we restricted the suitability maps to cells containing aquatic ecosystems. The current bioclimatic range of the taxa was predicted to represent 6.6–12.3% of their suitable habitats at global scale, with a lot of variations between continents. In Europe and North America, their invasive ranges are predicted to increase up to two fold by 2070 with the highest gas emission scenario. Suitable new areas will mainly be located to the north of their current range. In other continents where they are exotic and in their native range (South America), the surface areas of suitable locations are predicted to decrease with climate change, especially for Ludwigia spp. in South America (down to −55% by 2070 with RCP 8.5 scenario). This study allows to identify areas vulnerable to ongoing invasions by aquatic plant species and thus could help the prioritisation of monitoring and management, as well as contribute to the public awareness regarding biological invasions.

Proteomic response of Macrobrachium rosenbergii hepatopancreas exposed to chlordecone: Identification of endocrine disruption biomarkers? - Lafontaine, Anne; Baiwir, Dominique; Joaquim-Justo, Célia; de Pauw, Edwin; Lemoine, Soazig; Boulangé-Lecomte, Céline; Joëlle Forget-Leray; Thomé, Jean-Pierre; Gismondi, Eric (Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017)

Rapid de novo assembly of the European eel genome from nanopore sequencing reads - J. Jansen; M. Liem; S. Jong-Raadsen; Sylvie Dufour; Weltzien, Finn-Arne; W. Swinkels; A. Koelewijn; A. Palstra; B. Pelster; H. Spaink; G. van den Thillart; Dirks, Ron; et al. (Scientific Reports, 2017)

Recurrent DCC gene losses during bird evolution - Friocourt, François; Anne-Gaelle Lafont; Kress, Clémence; Pain, Bertrand; Manceau, Marie; Sylvie Dufour; Chedotal, Alain (Scientific Reports, 2017)

Regional and latitudinal patterns of soft-bottom macrobenthic invertebrates along French coasts: Results from the RESOMAR database - Régis K. Gallon; Nicolas Lavesque; Jacques Grall; Céline Labrune; Antoine Grémare; Guy Bachelet; Hugues Blanchet; Paulo Bonifácio; Vincent M.P. Bouchet; Jean-Claude Dauvin; Nicolas Desroy; Franck Gentil; et al. (Journal of Sea Research, 2017)
This study aims to describe the patterns of soft bottom macrozoobenthic richness along French coasts. It is based on a collaborative database developed by the “Réseau des Stations et Observatoires Marins” (RESOMAR). We investigated patterns of species richness in sublittoral soft bottom habitats (EUNIS level 3) at two different spatial scales: 1) seaboards: English Channel, Bay of Biscay and Mediterranean Sea and 2) 0.5° latitudinal and longitudinal grid. Total observed richness, rarefaction curves and three incidence-based richness estimators (Chao2, ICE and Jacknife1) were used to compare soft bottom habitats species richness in each seaboard. Overall, the Mediterranean Sea has the highest richness and despite higher sampling effort, the English Channel hosts the lowest number of species. The distribution of species occurrence within and between seaboards was assessed for each major phylum using constrained rarefaction curves. The Mediterranean Sea hosts the highest number of exclusive species. In pairwise comparisons, it also shares a lower proportion of taxa with the Bay of Biscay (34.1%) or the English Channel (27.6%) than that shared between these two seaboards (49.7%). Latitudinal species richness patterns along the Atlantic and English Channel coasts were investigated for each major phylum using partial LOESS regression controlling for sampling effort. This showed the existence of a bell-shaped latitudinal pattern, highlighting Brittany as a hotspot for macrobenthic richness at the confluence of two biogeographic provinces.
Keywords: France; Latitudinal pattern; Regional pattern; Soft-bottom; Species richness; Zoobenthos

Relationship between individual and group learning in a marine teleost: A case study with sea bass under self-feeding conditions - Benhaïm, D.; Ferrari, S.; Tatiana Colchen; Chatain, B.; Bégout, M-L. (Learning & Behavior, 2017)
Fish learning and cognition are usually approached by testing single individuals in various devices such as mazes that have serious drawbacks, especially in gregarious species, including the stress induced by the test procedure. This might impair the results and lead to misinterpretation about the learn- ing abilities of the targeted species. In order to provide an alter- native to the individual-based tests, we investigated for the first time the operant conditioning of four similar groups (50 indi- viduals per tank) of sea bass. We used two computerized self- feeder devices per tank, each coupled with individual electronic identification and that were alternately activated during varying positive appetitive reinforcement period of time (7 to 1 day). Learning abilities were examined at both group and individual levels. At the group level, the operant conditioning was dem- onstrated as the triggering activity significantly decreased when the device was turned off and increased when it was turned on, whatever the reinforcement period duration. The individual level analysis revealed a more complex situation with fish showing different learning performances that can be best ex- plained through the producer-scrounger game theory.
Keywords: Group conditions; Operant conditioning; Personality traits; Positive reinforcement; Producer-scrounger; Social structure

Resource use of three juvenile scarids (Cryptotomus roseus, Scarus iseri, Sparisoma radians) in Caribbean seagrass beds - Charlotte R. Dromard; Vaslet, Amandine; Gautier, F; Yolande Bouchon-Navaro; Mireille Harmelin-Vivien; Claude Bouchon (Aquatic Botany, 2017)
The bucktooth parrotfish Sparisoma radians, the striped parrotfish Scarus iseri and the bluelip parrotfish Cryptotomus roseus are three herbivorous fishes commonly found at juvenile stages in Caribbean seagrass beds. While the diet of the three species as adults is relatively well known, few studies have been conducted on the feeding patterns of juveniles. In this study, the resource use of the juveniles of three scarid species were studied using two complementary methods: gut content and stable isotope analyses (13C:12C and 15N:14N ratios). Bayesian mixing model approaches were used to calculate the contribution of each food item to fish diets (SIAR, mixing models). The three parrotfish species appeared to rely essentially on the consumption of fleshy macrophytes. Cryptotomus roseus consumed more benthic invertebrates and presented a higher trophic level than the two other scarid species. Scarus iseri presented a higher assimilation of benthic biofilm, in accordance with the high percentage of sediment in its gut content, and Sparisoma radians assimilated more Thalassia testudinum leaves. This research highlighted a food resources partitioning among the juveniles of the three herbivorous fishes, probably to avoid inter-specific competitive interactions for the most palatable food at a critical stage of their life. Keywords: Gut content analyses; Trophic niche; Stable isotopes analyses

Responses of primary cultured haemocytes derived from the marine gastropod Haliotis tuberculata to an industrial effluent exposure - Ladhar-Chaabouni, Rim; Houel, Thomas; Serpentini, Antoine; Karray, Sahar; Lebel, Jean-Marc; Hamza-Chaffai, Amel (Cytotechnology, 2017)

Review of Schismatogobius (Gobiidae) from Papua New Guinea to Samoa, with description of seven new species - Philippe Keith; Clara Lord; Larson, Helen K (Cybium, 2017)
The species of Schismatogobius from Papua New Guinea to Samoa are reviewed and compared to the three known species described from the area. Eleven species are recognized including seven new species. These are described using genetic and morphomeristic approaches. The species differ by a high percentage of divergence in partial COI gene (636 bp) and by several characters including the number of pectoral fin rays, the pattern of the ventral surface of the head in males and/or females, the pectoral fin colour pattern, the jaw length/ head length ratio or the jaw length of male and/or female, and the fin lengths.
Keywords: Australia; New species; Papua New Guinea; Samoa; Schismatogobius; Solomon

Revision of the species complex'Neritina pulligera'(Gastropoda, Cyclonetimorpha: Neritidae) using taxonomy and barcoding - Ahmed Abdou; René Galzin; Clara Lord; Denys, Gaël PJ; Philippe Keith (Vie et Milieu / Life & Environment, 2017)

Saving Our Marine Archives - Dassié, Emilie; DeLong, Kristine; Kilbourne, Hali; Williams, Branwen; Abram, Nerilie; Brenner, Logan; Brahmi, Chloé; Cobb, Kim; Corrège, Thierry; Dissard, Delphine; Emile-Geay, Julien; Evangelista, Heitor; et al. (Eos, 2017)

Schismatogobius (Gobiidae) from Indonesia, with description of four new species - Philippe Keith; Clara Lord; Darhuddin, H.; Limmon, G; Sukmono, T; Hadiaty, Renny; Hubert, Nicolas (Cybium, 2017)
The species of Schismatogobius from Indonesia are reviewed and compared to the known species described from the area. Eight species are recognized including four new species. These are described using genetic and morphomeristic approaches. The species differ by a high percentage of genetic divergence in partial COI gene (652 bp) and by several characters including the number of pectoral fin rays, the pattern of the ventral surface of the head in males and/or females, the pectoral fin colour pattern, the jaw length/head length ratio or the jaw length of male and/or female.
Keywords: Gobiidae; Indonesia; New species; Schismatogobius

Seasonal and latitudinal variation in seagrass mechanical traits across Europe: The influence of local nutrient status and morphometric plasticity - L.M. Soissons; M.M. van Katwijk; G. Peralta; F.G. Brun; P.G. Cardoso; T.F. Grilo; B. Ondiviela; M. Recio; M. Valle; J.M. Garmendia; F. Ganthy; I. Auby; et al. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2017)
Seagrasses are marine flowering plants distributed worldwide. They are however threatened, mostly due to the increase of human activities. Seagrasses have the capacity to adapt their morphological, physiological, and mechanical traits to their local conditions. Mechanical traits have been identified as a good tool to investigate a plant-species capacity to withstand physical forces or disturbances but are still sparsely studied in seagrasses. With this study, we aimed to assess how the mechanical traits of a broadly spread seagrass species vary along a latitudinal gradient in relation to its morphometric plasticity and nutrient status. We found that seagrasses acclimate their mechanical traits in relation to their physiological or morphological traits, both over the growing season and across a latitudinal range: leaves were weaker and thinner in northern areas, particularly at the end of the growing season. Besides the influence of the latitudinal gradient, leaf mechanical strength and stiffness were both strongly affected by their morphometric plasticity. Moreover, we showed that leaves mechanical traits change depending on their nutrient status: leaves were stronger and stiffer in oligotrophic conditions as compared to more eutrophic conditions. Thus, our results imply that, under eutrophication, leaves become weaker and thus more vulnerable to physical forces. This vulnerability is higher in the north at the end of the growing season. The latter is consistent with the more ephemeral character of northern seagrass meadows, in contrast to the more evergreen southern meadows.

Shell extracts of the edible mussel and oyster induce an enhancement of the catabolic pathway of human skin fibroblasts, in vitro - Latire, Thomas; Legendre, Florence; Bouyoucef, Mouloud; Marin, Frédéric; Carreiras, Franck; Rigot-Jolivet, Muriel; Lebel, Jean-Marc; Galéra, Philippe; Serpentini, Antoine (Cytotechnology, 2017)

†Sorbinicharax verraesi: An unexpected case of a benthic fish outside Acanthomorpha in the Upper Cretaceous of the Tethyan Sea - Mayrinck, D.; Brito, Paulo M.; Meunier, Francois J.; Alvarado-Ortega, J.; Otero, Olga (PLOS ONE, 2017)
†Sorbinicharax verraesi is a marine teleostean fish from the Upper Cretaceous of Nardò (Italy). It was first attributed to the otophysan order Characiformes, which represents potential evidence for the controversial marine origin of the clade. Through a review of all the available material, we demonstrate that this species is not an otophysan since it lacks key structures that would allow for its inclusion in this group. †Sorbinicharax has a body shape that recalls ground fishes classically assigned to Acanthomorpha. However, no unambiguous feature allows us to relate it to this clade. In fact, the presence of cellular bony tissue supports its exclusion from Eurypterygii. Since no feature permits the definitive attribution of †Sorbinicharax to any teleost group, it remains as Teleostei incertae sedis. We infer that the morphology of †Sorbinicharax indicates a benthic ecology. It displays: an anteriorly wide body with enlarged ribs; large pectoral fins, while anal and dorsal fins are reduced; a large head measuring ¼ of the total body length; and a mouth opening dorsally in a high position. Such morphology was so far undescribed in Nardo. It is surprisingly displayed by a non-eurypterygian teleost fish which means by a fish which does not belong to the clades that diversify since the upper Cretaceous and include the extant families that show ground ecomorphologies.

Southern Ocean Echinoids database – An updated version of Antarctic, Sub-Antarctic and cold temperate echinoid database. - Fabri-Ruiz, Salomé; Saucède, Thomas; Danis, Bruno; David, Bruno (ZooKeys, 2017)

Space-time evolution of a large field of pockmarks in the Bay of Concarneau (NW Brittany) - Agnès Baltzer; Marine Reynaud; Axel Ehrhold; Jérôme Fournier; Céline Cordier; Hélène Clouet (Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 2017)
About a decade ago, a large field of pockmarks, covering an overall area of 36 km2 was discovered in water depths of <30m in the central part of the Bay of Concarneau (Southern Brittany, France). This field, composed of features from 5m to 35m in diameter and <1m in depth, is characterized by unusual high densities of pockmarks, up to 5840 per square kilometre. Geophysical data correlated with sedimentary samples acquired in 2005 and 2009 show that pockmarks and their immediate surroundings are associated with dense tubes benches cover, built by a filter-feeding amphipod: Haploops nirae, forming original benthic communities. Two complementary surveys were carried out in April 2011 (Pock and Ploops) and April 2014 (Pock and Tide), on the Oceanographic Vedette (O/V) Haliotis (Ifremer/Genavir), to map the limit of the pockmarks and Haploops fields with the maximum accuracy. The link between the presence of the Haploops nirae communities and the occurrence of pockmarks /gas was then established and the proposed hypothesis was that tidal cycles may provide a good candidate for a short-term (monthly) triggering mechanism of fluid expulsion (Baltzer A, Ehrohold A, Rigolet C, Souron A, Cordier C, Clouet H. 2014. Geophysical exploration of an active pockmark field in the Bay of Concarneau, southern Brittany, and implications for resident suspension feeders. Geo-Marine Letters, 34, 215–230). Due to the high-level precision (50 cm) of the positioning system (Magellan Aquarius Ixsea Hydrins) coupled with the RTK attitude system, these new bathymetric and imagery maps together with the sub-bottom Chirp profiles, allow us to compare the data sets from April 2011 and April 2014. The superimposition of the two data sets shows that the distribution of the pockmarks remains similar between these 2 dates (i.e. for 3 years), for the group of large, widely scattered pockmarks, which are deeply rooted in the Holocene palaeo-valley infills and for the group of pockmarks identified as the trawl-scour pockmarks, initiated by trawling action. Most of the pockmarks present very recent shapes without any infilling but sonar imagery reveals that some of them have been covered by a thin muddy layer, thereby reflecting, at least, a temporary cessation of expulsion or a different activity. Chirp profiles indicate some acoustic flares above the pockmarks, revealing gas/fluid expulsion. Different gas clues within the sedimentary column, such as acoustic turbidity, enhanced gas reflectors (EGR), chimneys pipes, occur at exactly the same places on the chirp seismic profiles from 2011 and 2014. Therefore, contrary to most examples described in the  literature, this pockmarks field is still active.

Spatial overlaps of foraging and resting areas of black-legged kittiwakes breeding in the English Channel with existing marine protected areas - Ponchon, Aurore; Aulert, Christophe; Le Guillou, Gilles; Gallien, Fabrice; Clara Péron; Grémillet, David (Marine biology, 2017)

Specific gravity and migratory patterns of amphidromous gobioid fish from Okinawa Island, Japan - Iida, Midori; Masashi Kondo; Hélène Tabouret; Maeda, Ken; Pécheyran, C; Atsushi Hagiwara; Philippe Keith; Katsunori Tachihara (Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2017)
Amphidromy is a diadromous life history pattern where fish spawn in freshwater, and their larvae drift downstream to the sea; the larvae develop in marine environments then migrate back in rivers to grow and reproduce. Two amphidromous types with different life history characteristics, such as egg and larval sizes, exist. To understand the ecology and early life history of amphidromous gobioid fish, six species from Okinawa Island were selected—two large egg-type species (Rhinogobius similis and Tridentiger kuroiwae) and four small egg-type species (Stiphodon percnopterygionus, Stenogobius sp., Sicyopterus lagocephalus, and Eleotris acanthopoma). The migratory pattern of four of these species was confirmed using otolith Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca ratios combined with water chemistry analysis. Although these species showed amphidromous migratory patterns, the timing of migration from estuarine to freshwater habitats was species-specific. The large egg-type, R. similis, showed three different migratory patterns: a long marine larval phase with a relatively fast migration from estuarine to freshwater habitats, a short marine larval phase with a relatively fast migration, and a gradual migration. Similar patterns of a long and fast migration or a gradual migration were seen in T. kuroiwae; however, the two small eggtype species, Sti. percnopterygionus and Stenogobius sp., showed rapid migration to freshwater after entering the river. To estimate larval ecology in the sea, ontogenetic changes in specific gravity (SG) were examined in all species. The SG was measured day and night for 1–5 days until settlement in R. similis and T. kuroiwae, and until 10 days after hatching in the other species. The SG of all species ranged from 1.0138 to 1.0488, and varied among ontogenetic stages and between day and night and species. Larval SG was relatively similar between R. similis and T. kuroiwae, with low SG in the early stages and high SG after yolk absorption. During the late larval stages and until settlement, T. kuroiwae showed diel changes in SG, with higher SG during the day, whereas R. similis had a relatively constant pattern. The diel changes of T. kuroiwae larvae suggest different activity during the day and at night (e.g. diel vertical migration). In the four small egg-type species, SG was high at hatching and decreased thereafter, not showing large diel changes. The results suggest that sympatric amphidromous gobioid species have various early life histories that may be influenced by several larval traits, including SG.
Keywords: Buoyancy; diadromy; Early life history; Migratory history; otolith; Specific gravity

Stratégie de développement des outils de bio-indication en mangroves pour la DCE - Guillaume Dirberg (Convention ONEMA/MNHN 2016 Document élaboré dans le cadre de la Solidarité avec l’Outre-mer, 2017)
Le deuxième séminaire du GT DCE « mangroves » a permis d’établir une première liste des descripteurs du bon état écologique des mangroves du point de vue de la DCE, de finaliser le choix des paramètres pertinents pour la construction d’outils de bioindication, et de poser les bases de la phase test d’acquisition de données qui permettra de construire les outils de bioindication. Le groupe de travail se donne pour objectif de disposer des premiers outils opérationnels pour le prochain cycle de gestion de la DCE débutant en 2022.

Structural bias in aggregated species-level variables driven by repeated species co-occurrences: a pervasive problem in community and assemblage data - Hawkins, Bradford A.; Leroy, Boris; Rodríguez, Miguel Á.; Singer, Alexander; Vilela, Bruno; Villalobos, Fabricio; Wang, Xiangping; Zelený, David (Journal of Biogeography, 2017)
Aim Species attributes are often used to explain diversity patterns across assemblages/communities. However, repeated species co-occurrences can generate spatial pattern and strong statistical relationships between aggregated attributes and richness in the absence of biological information. Our aim is to increase awareness of this problem. Location North America. Methods We generated empirical species richness patterns using two data structures: (1) birds gridded from range maps and (2) tree communities from the US Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis. We analysed richness using linear regression, regression trees, generalized additive models, geographically weighted regression and simultaneous autoregression, with ‘random intrinsic variables’ as predictors generated by assigning random numbers to species and calculating averages in assemblages. We then generated simulations in which species with cohesive or patchy distributions are placed with respect to the North American temperature gradient with or without a broad-scale richness gradient. Random intrinsic variables are again used as predictors of richness. Finally, we analysed one simulated scenario with random intrinsic variables as both response and predictor variables. Results The models of bird and tree richness often explained moderate to large proportions of the variance. Regression trees, geographically weighted regression and simultaneous autoregression were very sensitive to the problem; generalized additive models were moderately affected, as was multiple regression to a lesser extent. In the virtual data, the variance explained increased with increasing species co-occurrences, but neither range cohesion, a richness gradient nor spatial autocorrelation in predictors had major impacts on the variance explained. The problem persisted when the response variable was also a random intrinsic variable. Main conclusions Repeated species co-occurrences can generate strong spurious relationships between richness and aggregated species attributes. It is important to realize that models utilizing assemblage variables aggregated from species-level values, as well as maps illustrating their spatial patterns, cannot be taken at face value.
Keywords: community structure; community weighted means; geographical ecology; intrinsic variables; spatial analysis; species co-occurrence; species composition; species richness gradients; trait analysis

Sub-lethal effects of a glyphosate-based commercial formulation and adjuvants on juvenile oysters (Crassostrea gigas) exposed for 35 days - Séguin, Alexis; Mottier, Antoine; Perron, Carole; Lebel, Jean-Marc; Antoine Serpentini; Katherine Costil (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017)
Keywords: Crassostrea gigas; individual biomarkers; mortality; oxidative stress; POEAs; Roundup

Sub-lethal effects of a glyphosate-based commercial formulation and adjuvants on juvenile oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ) exposed for 35 days - Séguin, Alexis; Mottier, Antoine; Perron, Carole; Lebel, Jean Marc; Serpentini, Antoine; Katherine Costil (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017)

Synchronism of naupliar development of Sacculina carcini Thompson, 1836 (Pancrustacea, Rhizocephala) revealed by precise monitoring - Tredez, Fabien; Nicolas Rabet; Bellec, L; Audebert, Fabienne (Helgoland Marine Research, 2017)
Sacculina carcini is member of a highly-specialized group of parasitic cirripeds (Rhizocephala) that use crabs (Carcinus maenas) as hosts to carry out the reproductive phase of their life cycle. We describe the naupliar development of S. carcini Thompson, 1836 from a very precise monitoring of three different broods from three specimens. Nauplii were sampled every 4 h, from the release of the larvae until the cypris stage. Larval development, from naupliar instar 1 to the cypris stage, lasts 108 h at 18 °C. A rigorous sampling allowed us to describe an additional intermediate naupliar instar, not described previously. Naupliar instars are renumbered from 1 to 5. Nauplius 1 (N1) larvae hatch in the interna; N2 are released from the interna and last between 12 and 16 h; N3 appear between 12 and 16 h after release; N4 appear between 28 and 32 h; and N5 appear between 44 and 48 h. The cypris stage appears between 108 and 112 h. The redescribed morphologies allowed us to identify new characters. Antennular setation discriminates naupliar instars 3, 4 and 5. Telson and furca morphologies discriminate all naupliar instars. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the speed of larval development is similar within a single brood and between broods from different specimens, suggesting synchronization of larval development. From precise monitoring of broods every 4 h, we demonstrate that the life cycle of S. carcini includes five instars of naupliar larvae instead of four. The morphological characters of the larvae discriminate these naupliar instars and allow the identification of S. carcini from other Rhizocephala species. S. carcini larvae develop synchronously. Consequently, they might be an informative model to study larval development in crustaceans.

Tempo and Rates of diversification in the South American Cichlid Genus Apistogramma (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae) - Tougard, C; Garcia Davila, C; Römer, U; Fabrice Duponchelle; Cerqueira, F; Guinand, B; Angulo Chávez, C; Salas, V; Sophie Quérouil; Sirvas Cornero, S; Renno, Jean-Francois (PLoS ONE, 2017)

Towards ecosystem-based management: identifying operational food-web indicators for marine ecosystems - Tam, Jamie C; Link, Jason S; Rossberg, Axel G.; Rogers, Stuart I; Levin, Philip S; Rochet, Marie-Joëlle; Bundy, Alida; Belgrano, Andrea; Libralato, Simone; Maciej Tomasz Tomczak; van de Wolfshaar, K; Pranovi, F; et al. (ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2017)

Toxicity assessment of five emerging pollutants, alone and in binary or ternary mixtures, towards three aquatic organisms - Di Poi, Carole; Katherine Costil; Bouchart, Valerie; Halm-Lemeille, Marie-Pierre (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017)
Despite a growing scientific attention on ecological impact of emerging pollutants (EPs) such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and pesticides, knowledge gaps remain regarding mixture toxicity and effects on aquatic organisms. Several EPs were screened in seawater (Normandy, France), and the ecotoxicity of five compounds, chosen on their occurrence in ecosystems and use worldwide, was assessed and were the biocides methylparaben (MP) and triclosan (TCS), a pesticide degradation product (AMPA), and the pharmaceuticals venlafaxine (VEN) and carbamazepine (CBZ). The acute or sub-chronic toxicity, alone or in binary/ternary mixtures of three of them (CBZ, AMPA, and MP), was assessed on one marine and two freshwater organisms: Crassostrea gigas, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and Daphnia magna. TCS and AMPA were, respectively, the most (EC50 < 1 mg L−1) and the least (EC50 > 50 mg L−1) toxic chemicals for the four endpoints (algal growth inhibition, daphnia immobilization, oyster embryotoxicity, and metamorphosis). The anxiolytic VEN (EC50 < 1 mg L−1) was particularly toxic to oyster larvae showing sensitivity difference between freshwater and marine organisms. If all the mixtures appeared to be in the same range of toxicity, the joint-toxic effects mainly led to synergistic or antagonistic interactions compared to single-compound toxicity. The data also highlighted species-dependent differing models of toxicity and underscored the need for an awareness of cocktail effects for better ecological risk assessment.
Keywords: Freshwater species; Marine bivalve; Mixture and single-compound toxicity; Personal care products; Pesticides; pharmaceuticals

Two new ovoviviparous species of the family Selachinematidae and Sphaerolaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadorida and Monhysterida) from the northern South China Sea - Sujing Fu; Boucher, G; Lizhe Cai (Zootaxa, 2017)
Two new ovoviviparous nematode species are described from South China Sea. Bendiella vivipara n. sp. belongs to the family Selachinematidae and is characterized by a cuticle with lateral differentiation of 2–4 longitudinal rows of dots, and the presence of 3 papillose precloacal supplements. Parasphaerolaimus jintiani n. sp. is characterized by a cuticle with lateral longitudinal unstriated band extending from about the middle of the pharynx to the anterior two-thirds of the tail and a vulva situated far posteriorly. The importance of ovoviviparity in free living marine nematodes is discussed.
Keywords: Bendiella vivipara n. sp.; free-living marine nematodes; ovoviviparity; Parasphaerolaimus jintiani n. sp.; South China Sea

Two new Tursiocola species (Bacillariophyta) epizoic on green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in French Guiana and Eastern Caribbean - Riaux-Gobin, Catherine; Witkowski, Andrzej; Chevallier, Damien; Daniszewska-Kowalczyk, Genowefa (Fottea, 2017)

Uses of innovative modeling tools within the implementation of the marine strategy framework directive - Lynam, Christopher P.; Uusitalo, Laura; Patrício, Joana; Piroddi, Chiara; Queirós, Ana M; Teixeira, Heliana; Rossberg, Axel G.; Sagarminaga, Yolanda; Hyder, Kieran; Nathalie Niquil; Möllmann, C; Wilson, C; et al. (Bridging the Gap Between Policy and Science in Assessing the Health Status of Marine Ecosystems, 2017)

Variable selection and accurate predictions in habitat modelling: a shrinkage approach - Authier, Matthieu; Saraux, Claire; Clara Péron (Ecography, 2017)
Habitat modelling is increasingly relevant in biodiversity and conservation studies. A typical application is to predict potential zones of specific conservation interest. With many environmental covariates, a large number of models can be investigated but multi‐model inference may become impractical. Shrinkage regression overcomes this issue by dealing with the identification and accurate estimation of effect size for prediction. In a Bayesian framework we investigated the use of a shrinkage prior, the Horseshoe, for variable selection in spatial generalized linear models (GLM). As study cases, we considered 5 datasets on small pelagic fish abundance in the Gulf of Lion (Mediterranean Sea, France) and 9 environmental inputs. We compared the predictive performances of a simple kriging model, a full spatial GLM model with independent normal priors for regression coefficients, a full spatial GLM model with a Horseshoe prior for regression coefficients and 2 zero‐inflated models (spatial and non‐spatial) with a Horseshoe prior. Predictive performances were evaluated by cross‐validation on a hold‐out subset of the data: models with a Horseshoe prior performed best, and the full model with independent normal priors worst. With an increasing number of inputs, extrapolation quickly became pervasive as we tried to predict from novel combinations of covariate values. By shrinking regression coefficients with a Horseshoe prior, only one model needed to be fitted to the data in order to obtain reasonable and accurate predictions, including extrapolations.

Visual census, photographic records and the trial of a video network provide first evidence of the elusive Sicyopterus cynocephalus in Australia - Ebner, Brendan C; Donaldson, James; Allen, Gerald; Philippe Keith (Cybium, 2017)
Opportunistic encounters with an elusive large-bodied sicydiine goby in a single plunge pool led us to photograph and deploy three video cameras to detect individuals in that pool. Subsequently, a catchment-wide search indicated that the species, eventually identified as Sicyopterus cynocephalus, was confined to the single pool where it was originally detected. A network of ten video cameras was then deployed to estimate the number of individuals of that species and of a congener, S. lagocephalus, by non-destructive means. This study provides the first record of S. cynocephalus in Australia, and showcases the synergy of active snorkel searches and a remote camera network in counting individuals of two sympatric species of Sicyopterus.
Keywords: Australia; Coastal stream; Elusive species; First record; Gobiidae; Sicyopterus cynocephalus; Underwater video; Visual census

What Is Marine Biodiversity? Towards Common Concepts and Their Implications for Assessing Biodiversity Status. Front - Cochrane, SKJ; Andersen, JH; Berg, T; Hugues Blanchet; Borja, A; Carstensen, J; Elliott, M; Hummel, H; Nathalie Niquil; Renaud, PE (Bridging the Gap Between Policy and Science in Assessing the Health Status of Marine Ecosystems, 2017)

When molecules and morphology work together: lines of evidence for the validity of Caridina buehleri Roux (Crustacea :Decapoda : Atyidae) and for C. gueryi Marquet, Keith and Kalfatak as its junior synonym - de Mazancourt, Valentin; Marquet, Gérard; Klotz, Werner; Philippe Keith; Castelin, Magalie (Invertebrate Systematics, 2017)
The taxonomy of the freshwater shrimps Caridina (Atyidae) is very complex and confused mostly because the morphological characters that have traditionally been used for species delimitation and identification are highly plastic. There is thus a need for an integrative approach to their taxonomy. In total, 42 specimens belonging to either Caridina buehleri Roux, 1934 or Caridina gueryi Marquet, Keith & Kalfatak, 2009 were examined. We combined here morphological data from 12 specimens from the whole distributional range of the species, including type specimens with 16S mtDNA analyses from seven freshly sampled specimens, to verify the specific status of Caridina buehleri from Papua New-Guinea, Central Sulawesi, Western Samoa and the Solomon Islands, and C. gueryi from Vanuatu. The comparison of 24 morphological characters showed that morphological variations of character traits between C. gueryi and C. buehleri are widely overlapping and that no morphological feature can effectively split specimens into two clear groups. Molecular characters corroborated these results, as specimens from both groups were only separated by a 2% p-distance, a genetic distance that is coherent with their potentially high dispersal abilities. We thus consider C. gueryi as a junior synonym of C. buehleri. Finally, C. buehleri is characterised mainly by a styliform and characteristically indented rostrum and a long stylocerite. Detailed re-descriptions of the type specimens of C. buehleri and C. gueryi are given, as well as their geographical and ecological distribution.
Keywords: 16S.; freshwater shrimp; Indo-Pacific; Integrative taxonomy

A 365-Million-Year-Old Freshwater Community Reveals Morphological and Ecological Stasis in Branchiopod Crustaceans. - Pierre Gueriau; Nicolas Rabet; Clément, Gaël; Linda Lagebro; Vannier, Jean; Briggs, Derek E G; Charbonnier, Sylvain; Olive, Sébastien; Béthoux, Olivier (Current Biology, 2016)
Branchiopod crustaceans are represented by fairy, tadpole, and clam shrimps (Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata), which typically inhabit temporary freshwater bodies, and water fleas (Cladoceromorpha), which live in all kinds of freshwater and occasionally marine environments [1, 2]. The earliest branchiopods occur in the Cambrian, where they are represented by complete body fossils from Sweden such as Rehbachiella kinnekullensis [3] and isolated mandibles preserved as small carbonaceous fossils [4-6] from Canada. The earliest known continental branchiopods are associated with hot spring environments [7] represented by the Early Devonian Rhynie Chert of Scotland (410 million years ago) and include possible stem-group or crown-group Anostraca, Notostraca, and clam shrimps or Cladoceromorpha [8-10], which differ morphologically from their modern counterparts [1, 2, 11]. Here we report the discovery of an ephemeral pool branchiopod community from the 365-million-year-old Strud locality of Belgium. It is characterized by new anostracans and spinicaudatans, closely resembling extant species, and the earliest notostracan, Strudops goldenbergi [12]. These branchiopods released resting eggs into the sediment in a manner similar to their modern representatives [1, 2]. We infer that this reproductive strategy was critical to overcoming environmental constraints such as seasonal desiccation imposed by living on land. The pioneer colonization of ephemeral freshwater pools by branchiopods in the Devonian was followed by remarkable ecological and morphological stasis that persists to the present day.

Ability of the marine bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens BA3SM1 to counteract the toxicity of CdSe nanoparticles - Poirier, Isabelle; Kuhn, Lauriane; Demortière, Arnaud; Mirvaux, Boris; Hammann, Philippe; Chicher, Johana; Christelle Caplat; Pallud, Marie; Bertrand, Martine (Journal of Proteomics, 2016)

Activation of brain steroidogenesis and neurogenesis during the gonadal differentiation in protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. - Lin, Chien-Ju; Fan-Chiang, Yi-Chun; Sylvie Dufour; Chang, Ching-Fong (Dev Neurobiol, 2016)
The early brain development, at the time of gonadal differentiation was investigated using a protandrous teleost, black porgy. This natural model of monosex juvenile fish avoids the potential complexity of sexual dimorphism. Brain neurogenesis was evaluated by histological analyses of the diencephalon, at the time of testicular differentiation (in fish between 90 and 150 days after hatching). Increases in the number of both Nissl-stained total brain cells, and Pcna-immunostained proliferative brain cells were observed in specific area of the diencephalon, such as ventromedialis thalami and posterior preoptic area, revealing brain cell proliferation. qPCR analyses showed significantly higher expression of the radial glial cell marker blbp and neuron marker bdnf. Strong immunohistochemical staining of Blbp and extended cellular projections were observed. A peak expression of aromatase (cyp19a1b), as well as an increase in estradiol (E2 ) content were also detected in the early brain. These data demonstrate that during gonadal differentiation, the early brain exhibits increased E2 synthesis, cell proliferation, and neurogenesis. To investigate the role of E2 in early brain, undifferentiated fish were treated with E2 or aromatase inhibitor (AI). E2 treatment upregulated brain cyp19a1b and blbp expression, and enhanced brain cell proliferation. Conversely, AI reduced brain cell proliferation. Castration experiment did not influence the brain gene expression patterns and the brain cell number. Our data clearly support E2 biosynthesis in the early brain, and that brain E2 induces neurogenesis. These peak activity patterns in the early brain occur at the time of gonad differentiation but are independent of the gonads.

Activation of brain steroidogenesis and neurogenesis during the gonadal differentiation in protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. - Lin, Chien-Ju; Fran-Chiang, Y C; Sylvie Dufour; Chang, Ching-Fong (Developmental Neurobiology, 2016)

Association of a Specific Algal Group with Methylmercury Accumulation in Periphyton of a Tropical High-Altitude Andean Lake - Lanza, William G.; Darío Achá; Point, David; Masbou, Jeremy; Alanoca, Lucia; Amouroux, David; Lazzaro, Xavier (Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2016)
Periphyton relevance for methylmercury (MeHg) production and accumulation are now well known in aquatic ecosystems. Sulfate-reducing bacteria and other microbial groups were identified as the main MeHg producers, but the effect of periphyton algae on the accumulation and transfer of MeHg to the food web remains little studied. Here we investigated the role of specific groups of algae on MeHg accumulation in the periphyton of Schoenoplectus californicus ssp. (Totora) and Myriophyllum sp. in Uru Uru, a tropical high-altitude Bolivian lake with substantial fishing and mining activities accruing around it. MeHg concentrations were most strongly related to the cell abundance of the Chlorophyte genus Oedogonium (r 2 = 0.783, p = 0.0126) and to no other specific genus despite the presence of other 34 genera identified. MeHg was also related to total chlorophyll-a (total algae) (r 2 = 0.675, p = 0.0459), but relations were more significant with chlorophyte cell numbers, chlorophyll-b (chlorophytes), and chlorophyll-c (diatoms and dinoflagellates) (r 2 = 0.72, p = 0.028, r 2 = 0.744, p = 0.0214, and r 2 = 0.766, p = 0.0161 respectively). However, Oedogonium explains most variability of chlorophytes and chlorophyll-c (r 2 = 0.856, p = < 0.001 and r 2 = 0.619, p = 0.002, respectively), suggesting it is the most influential group for MeHg accumulation and periphyton algae composition at this particular location and given time.

Calcium Deposits in the Crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus: Microstructure Versus Elemental Distribution - Gilles Luquet; Yannicke Dauphin; Aline Percot; Murielle Salomé; Andreas Ziegler; Maria S. Fernandez; José L. Arias (Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2016)

The Channel ecosystem, a cross-roads of anthropogenic pressures and scientific studies: Lessons learned from the European \INTERREG\ \IV\ projects (2009–2015) - L Evariste; Pascal Claquin; Jean-Paul Robin; Arnaud Auber; Abigail McQuatters-Gollop; Jean-Claude Dauvin (Marine Policy, 2016)

Characterisation of the mantle transcriptome and biomineralisation genes in the blunt-gaper clam, Mya truncata - Victoria A. Sleight; Michael A.S. Thorne; Lloyd S. Peck; Arivalagan, Jaison; Berland, Sophie; Marie, Arul; Melody S. Clark (Marine Genomics, 2016)
Abstract Members of the Myidae family are ecologically and economically important, but there is currently very little molecular data on these species. The present study sequenced and assembled the mantle transcriptome of Mya truncata from the North West coast of Scotland and identified candidate biomineralisation genes. RNA-Seq reads were assembled to create 20,106 contigs in a de novo transciptome, 18.81% of which were assigned putative functions using \{BLAST\} sequence similarity searching (cuttoff E-value 1E ‚àí 10). The most highly expressed genes were compared to the Antarctic clam (Laternula elliptica) and showed that many of the dominant biological functions (muscle contraction, energy production, biomineralisation) in the mantle were conserved. There were however, differences in the constitutive expression of heat shock proteins, which were possibly due to the M. truncata sampling location being at a relatively low latitude, and hence relatively warm, in terms of the global distribution of the species. Phylogenetic analyses of the Tyrosinase proteins from M. truncata showed a gene expansion which was absent in L. elliptica. The tissue distribution expression patterns of putative biomineralisation genes were investigated using quantitative PCR, all genes showed a mantle specific expression pattern supporting their hypothesised role in shell secretion. The present study provides some preliminary insights into how clams from different environments ‚Äì temperate versus polar ‚Äì build their shells. In addition, the transcriptome data provides a valuable resource for future comparative studies investigating biomineralisation.
Keywords: shell

Climate change and the ash dieback crisis - Goberville, Eric; Nina-Coralie Hautekèete; Richard R Kirby; Yves Piquot; Christophe Luczak; Grégory Beaugrand (Scientific Reports, 2016)
© The Author(s) 2016. Beyond the direct influence of climate change on species distribution and phenology, indirect effects may also arise from perturbations in species interactions. Infectious diseases are strong biotic forces that can precipitate population declines and lead to biodiversity loss. It has been shown in forest ecosystems worldwide that at least 10{%} of trees are vulnerable to extinction and pathogens are increasingly implicated. In Europe, the emerging ash dieback disease caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, commonly called Chalara fraxinea, is causing a severe mortality of common ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior); this is raising concerns for the persistence of this widespread tree, which is both a key component of forest ecosystems and economically important for timber production. Here, we show how the pathogen and climate change may interact to affect the future spatial distribution of the common ash. Using two presence-only models, seven General Circulation Models and four emission scenarios, we show that climate change, by affecting the host and the pathogen separately, may uncouple their spatial distribution to create a mismatch in species interaction and so a lowering of disease transmission. Consequently, as climate change expands the ranges of both species polewards it may alleviate the ash dieback crisis in southern and occidental regions at the same time.

Coastal evolution and sedimentary mobility of Brøgger Peninsula, northwest Spitsbergen - Marine Bourriquen; Agnès Baltzer; Denis Mercier; Jérôme Fournier; Laurent Perez; Sylvain Haquin; Eric Bernard; Maria Ansine Jensen (Polar Biology, 2016)
Since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA), Svalbard glaciers have undergone a net retreat in response to changing meteorological conditions. Located between 76°N and 80°N, western Spitsbergen has seen a climatic transition from a glacial to a paraglacial system. On the northern shore of the Brøgger Peninsula (northwest Spitsbergen), the average temperature increased by 3 °C between 1965 and 2015, and cold-based valley glaciers have retreated more than 1 km from their LIA limits. This rapid deglaciation has exposed large areas of glacigenic sediments being easily reworked by runoff. This has led to the formation of extensive glacier-river delta systems and coastal progradation. Post-LIA coastal progradation and formation of new landforms in Kongsfjorden have been controlled predominantly by substantial availability of glacial sediment. A combination of aerial photographic and field data has been employed to estimate the post-LIA evolution of coastal sandur deltas and their submarine parts (named here “prodeltas”). The data set reveals that delta shoreline advance could have reached around 5 m/year. between 1966 and 1990 for the most energetic delta of Austre Lovenbreen, and around 4 m/year between 2011 and 2014 for the most energetic delta of Midtre Lovenbreen. The prodeltas registered a net growth from 2009 to 2012: the biggest, located in the prolongation of deltas of Austre Lovenbreen, measured 1033 m in length in 2009 and 1180 m in length in 2012. This substantial amount of sediment supplied in the fjord has an impact on the fjord ecology, especially on the benthic ecosystem.
Keywords: High Arctic; Paraglacial; Sedimentary flux; Submarine and aerial coastal evolution; Svalbard

Coleoid cephalopod color patterns: Adult skin structures and their emergence during development in sepia officinalis - Aude Andouche; Yann Bassaglia (Vie et Milieu, 2016)
The skin of coleoïd cephalopods is a complex tissue that allows the rapid display of numerous changing or static patterns for communication and camouflage. Chromatophores, iridophores, and leucophores are responsible for these properties. Chromatophores are pigmentary neuromuscular organs, directly controlled by the brain. Iridophores are iridescent cells that use platelets of proteins that are arranged into repetitive structures (iridosomes) to produce iridescence; and leucophores are perfect reflectors. The same family of protein (reflectins), initially characterized in iridophores, have been detected (at different levels) in the three structures. Here we review the current knowledge of adult skin and its nervous control and describe the establishment of chromatophores and iridophores during embryonic development in Sepia officinalis.
Keywords: Cephalopods; Chromatophores; color pattern; Development; iridophores

Comparison of MODIS and LANDSAT-8 retrievals of chlorophyll-a and water temperature over lake Titicaca - Ruiz-Verdú, A; Jiménez, JC; Lazzaro, Xavier; Tango, C; Delegido, J; Pereira, M; Sobrino, JA; Moreno, J (IEEE International Symposium, 2016)

A comparison of techniques for studying oogenesis in the European eel Anguilla anguilla. - Mazzeo, I; Giorgini, E; Gioacchini, G; Maradonna, F; Vílchez, M C; Sylvie Baloche; Sylvie Dufour; Pérez, L; Carnevali, O; Asturiano, J F (J Fish Biol, 2016)
A multi-technique approach was used to study the changes occurring in European eel Anguilla anguilla ovaries during hormonally-induced vitellogenesis. Aside from classic techniques used to monitor the vitellogenic process, such as ovary histology, fat content analysis, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and vitellogenin enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a new technique, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy, was used to analyse A. anguilla ovaries. The results from the different techniques provided different ways of approaching the same process. Although it is considered a time consuming approach, of all the employed techniques, histology provided the most direct evidences about vitellogenesis. SDS-PAGE and ELISA were also useful for studying vitellogenesis, whereas fat analysis cannot be used for this purpose. The FT-IR analysis provided a representative IR spectrum for each ovarian stage (previtellogenic stage, early vitellogenic stage, mid-vitellogenic stage and late vitellogenic stage), demonstrating that it is a valid method able to illustrate the distribution of the oocytes within the ovary slices. The chemical maps obtained confirmed changes in lipid concentrations and revealed their distribution within the oocytes at different maturational stages. When the results and the accuracy of the FT-IR analysis were compared with those of the traditional techniques commonly used to establish the vitellogenic stage, it became evident that FT-IR is a useful and reliable tool, with many advantages, including the fact that it requires little biological material, the costs involved are low, analysis times are short and last but not least, the fact that it offers the possibility of simultaneously analysing various biocomponents of the same oocyte.

Dating of the Limnadiidae family suggests an American origin of Eulimnadia - Laure Bellec; Nicolas Rabet (Hydrobiologia, 2016)
The spinicaudatan clam shrimp is a group of branchiopod crustaceans that has existed as far back as the Devonian and well-preserved fossils are known. Evidence of monophyly exists for only one family (Limnadiidae), which has a worldwide distribution and morphological conservatism. The evolutionary relationships among genera and diversification mechanisms are not deeply resolved as well as origin of the genus Eulimnadia. To address these issues, we constructed phylogenies of limnadiid clam shrimp, with both Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods to infer limnadiid evolutionary relationships. We then performed dated phylogenies using a relaxed clock of the Spinicaudata using fossil calibrations. Divergence date estimates show a perfect match with the break up of the Pangaea that could explain current limnadiid distributions; however the genus Eulimnadia apparently diverged 30 Ma ago. Eulimnadia phylogeography suggests an American origin and ecological patterns were analyzed to propose hypotheses on its origin and spread. This genus also shows a strong dispersive capacity, which could be explained by its reproduction modalities (androdioecy). This study and this first phylogeny with fossil calibration date the current distribution of Spinicaudata and reveal congruence with continental drift, except for Eulimnadia.

Determinants of local and regional communities in intermittent and perennial headwaters of the Bolivian Amazon - T. Datry; N. Moya; J. Zubieta; Thierry Oberdorff (Freshwater Biology, 2016)
SUMMARY 1. The effect of drying events on aquatic biodiversity is still overlooked in wet Neotropical systems. Yet, the responses of local communities and metacommunities in these biodiversity hotspots may differ from what is reported in other areas. 2. We addressed the effect of drying events on local and regional fish and macroinvertebrate communities in the headwaters of the Chipiriri River basin, in the wet Neotropical piedmont of Bolivia. According to current knowledge in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) ecology, we predicted that intermittent (INT) sites would harbour lower a-diversity, but higher b-diversity, than perennial (PER) sites, due to local, negative effect of drying combined with the existence of multiple recovery stages at the network scale. 3. Although habitat variables were similar between INT and PER sites, local and regional diversity patterns differed. Local invertebrate communities were not different between site types as soon as 4–6 weeks after flow resumption. The proximity of colonist sources and frequent rainfall probably enhanced persistence through dry periods and high resilience. In contrast, fish communities were still poorer at INT than PER sites, indicating they were still in the process of recolonising upstream INT reaches. 4. b-diversity analyses confirmed that invertebrate and fish metacommunities were not at the same recovery stage because (i) b-diversity of invertebrates was best explained by physical and environmental distances at both INT and PER sites, whereas that of fish was explained only by physical distances at INT sites; (ii) fish b-diversity was higher at INT than at PER sites, but invertebrate b-diversity was similar; and (iii) physical distances were correlated with the turnover component of invertebrate b-diversity but with the nestedness component for fish. 5. Exploring regional community patterns in IRES and across biota with different dispersal abilities and modes can advance metacommunity theory and improve our ability to predict local community composition in dynamic ecosystems.

Development of an ecotoxicological protocol for the deep-sea fauna using the hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata - Auguste, M; Mestre, N; Rocha, T; Cardoso, C; Cueff-Gauchard, V; Le Bloa, S; Cambon-Bonavita, M-A; Bruce Shillito; Magali Zbinden; Juliette Ravaux; Bebianno, M (Aquatic Biology, 2016)

Development of laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for boron isotopic measurement in marine biocarbonates: new improvements and application to a modern Porites coral - Thil, François; Blamart, Dominique; Assailly, Caroline; Claire E. Lazareth; Leblanc, Thierry; Butsher, John; Douville, Eric (Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2016)
RATIONALE: Laser Ablation coupled to Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-MCICPMS) is a powerful tool for the high-precision measurement of the isotopic ratios of many elements in geological samples, with the isotope ratio (11B/10B) of boron being used as an indicator of the pH of oceanic waters. Most geological samples or standards are polished and ablation occurs on flat surfaces. However, the shape and the irregularities of marine biocarbonates (e.g., corals, foraminifera) can make precise isotopic measurements of boron difficult. Even after polishing, the porosity properties and the presence of holes or micro-fractures affect the signal and the isotopic ratio when ablating the material, especially in raster mode. METHODS: The effect of porosity and of the crater itself on the 11B signal and the isotopic ratio acquired by LA-MCICPMS in both raster and spot mode was studied. Characterization of the craters was then performed with an optical profilometer to determine their shapes and depths. Surface state effects were examined by analyzing the isotopic fractionation of boron in silicate (NIST-SRM 612 and 610 standards) and in carbonate (corals). RESULTS: Surface irregularities led to a considerable loss of signal when the crater depth exceeded 20 μm. The stability and precision were degraded when ablation occurred in a deep cavity. The effect of laser focusing and of blank correction was also highlighted and our observations indicate that the accuracy of the boron isotopic ratio does not depend on the shape of the surface. After validation of the analytical protocol for boron isotopes, a raster application on a Porites coral, which grew for 18 months in an aquarium after field sampling, was carried out. CONCLUSIONS: This original LA-MC-ICPMS study revealed a well-marked boron isotope ratio temporal variability, probably related to growth rate and density changes, irrespective of the pH of the surrounding seawater.

A developmental table of embryogenesis in Sepia officinalis - Boletzky, S.V; Aude Andouche; Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli (Vie et Milieu, 2016)
The development of several cephalopods among them Sepia officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) has been very carefully described by Naef in the early 20th century. Here an illustrated developmental table of Sepia officinalis is proposed with a morphological description of each stage. The 30 stages are grouped into five steps of development: cleavage (stages 1 to 9), gastrulation (stages 10 to 13), organogenesis, plane phase (stages 14 to 18), organogenesis, extension phase (stages 19 to 22) and organogenesis, growth phase (stages 23 to 30), when the embryo has acquired the general adult conformation. For each stage, morphological identification criteria are proposed in order that this table is used as a lab tool for cephalopod researchers interested in development.
Keywords: Cephalopoda; Development; Embryology; Sepia officinalis

Differential protein expression during sperm maturation and capacitation in an hermaphroditic bivalve, Pecten maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Boonmee, A; Clothilde Berthelin; Kingtong, S; Pauletto, M; Bernay, B; Suquet, M; Pascal Sourdaine; Kellner K (J. of Molluscan Studies, 2016)
In order to investigate the mechanisms of final maturation and capacitation of spermatozoa in Pecten maximus, we used a 2D proteomic approach coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry (MS) and bioinformatics search against the Pecten database, to set up a reference map of the proteome of spawned spermatozoa, and identified 133 proteins on the basis of the EST database. These proteins are mainly involved in energy production, ion and electron transport (44%), cell movement (22%) and developmental processes (10%). Comparison between proteomes of spermatozoa collected before and after transit through the genital ducts of P. maximus led to the identification of differentially expressed proteins. Most of them are associated with energy metabolism (aconitate hydratase, malate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), indicating important modifications of energy production during transit in gonoducts, potentially linked with acquisition of sperm motility. Three proteins involved in cell movement (Tektin-2, tubulin and microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member 3) were down-regulated in spermatozoa stripped from the gonad. 40S ribosomal protein SA, involved in maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits, was also found to be down-regulated in spermatozoa obtained by induced spawning, suggesting reduction of the effi- ciency of RNA translation, a characteristic of late spermatozoon differentiation. These results confirm that maturation processes of P. maximus spermatozoa during transit through the gonoduct involve RNA translation, energy metabolism and structural proteins implicated in cell movement. Spermatozoa maturation processes clearly differ between P. maximus and gonochoric or alternately hermaphroditic bivalves, potentially in relation to reproductive strategies: the final maturation of the spermatozoon along the genital tract probably contributes to reduction of autofertilization in this simultaneously hermaphroditic species

Differential protein expression during sperm maturation and capacitation in an hermaphroditic bivalve, Pecten maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Boonmee, A; Clothilde Heude-Berthelin; Kingtong, S; Pauletto, M; Bernay, B; Adeline, B; Suquet, M; Pascal Sourdaine; Kristell Kellner-Cousin (Journal of Molluscan Studies, 2016)

Dynamics of δ(15)N isotopic signatures of different intertidal macroalgal species: Assessment of bioindicators of N sources in coastal areas. - Stéphanie Lemesle; Erraud, Alexandre; Isabelle Mussio; Anne-Marie Rusig; Pascal Claquin (Mar Pollut Bull, 2016)
δ(15)N of annual (Ulva sp., Porphyra sp.) and perennial intertidal seaweed species (Chondrus crispus, Fucus sp.) collected on 17 sampling points along the French coast of the English Channel in 2012 and 2013 were assessed on their suitability as bioindicators of N pollution in coastal areas. A sine function applied for δ(15)N time series data showed for all the species the same seasonal trend with lowest δ(15)N values in April and highest in summer but with no significant interspecific differences of amplitude (α) and phase angle (ϕ). This model provides a useful tool for monitoring the inter-annual changes of N pollution. An interspecific variability of δ(15)N values was observed, probably due to their tolerance to emersion. An in vitro study for comparing the kinetic acquisition of the isotopic signal and N uptake mechanisms of each species underlined the influence of algal physiology on the δ(15)N interspecific variability.

Echinoids of the Kerguelen Plateau – occurrence data and environmental setting for past, present, and future species distribution modelling - Guillaumot, Charlène; Martin, Alexis; Fabri-Ruiz, Salomé; Eleaume, Marc; Saucède, Thomas (ZooKeys, 2016)

Effects of an environmentally relevant concentration of diuron on oyster genitors during gametogenesis: responses of early molecular and cellular markers and physiological impacts. - Akcha, F; Barranger, A; Bachère, E; Clothilde Heude-Berthelin; Piquemal, D; Alonso, P; Sallan, R Rondon; Dimastrogiovanni, G; Porte, C; Menard, D; Szczybelski, A; Benabdelmouna, A; et al. (Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2016)
Genitors of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were submitted during gametogenesis to a short pulse exposure to the herbicide diuron at a realistic environmental concentration. Histological analysis showed no effect of diuron on gametogenesis course, sex ratio and reproductive effort. A non-significant increase in testosterone and progesterone levels was observed in genitors exposed to the herbicide. At cell level, diuron exposure was shown to modulate the phagocytic activity of circulating hemocytes. The results of a transcriptional analysis showed that diuron affected the expression of genes belonging to functions known to play a major role during oyster gametogenesis such as gene transcription regulation, DNA replication and repair, DNA methylation and cytokinesis. Taking into account the results we previously obtained on the same genitors, this study showed a negative effect of diuron on oyster reproduction by inducing both structural and functional modifications of the DNA.

Effects of chlordecone on 20-hydroxyecdysone concentration and chitobiase activity in a decapod crustacean, Macrobrachium rosenbergii - Lafontaine, Anne; Gismondi, Eric; Boulangé-Lecomte, Céline; Gerraudie, Perrine; Dodet, Nathalie; Campos, Fanny; Lemoine, Soazig; Lagadic, Laurent; Thomé, Jean-Pierre; Joëlle Forget-Leray (Aquatic toxicology, 2016)
Chlordecone (CLD) is an organochlorine insecticide abundant in aquatic environment of the French West Indies. However, few studies have investigated its impact on freshwater invertebrates. WhereasCLD is suspected of inducingendocrine disruption,this work aimed to study the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of CLD on the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) hormone concentration and on the chitobiase activity, both having key roles in the molting process of crustaceans. In addition, the bioaccumulation of CLD was measured in the muscle tissueof Macrobrachium rosenbergiito underline potential dose-response relationship. The results have shown that CLD was bioaccumulated in exposed organisms according to a trend to a dose-response relationship. Moreover, it was observed that CLD decreased the 20-HE concentration in exposed prawns when compared to control, whatever the duration of exposure, as well as it inhibited the chitobiase activity after 30 days of exposure. The present study indicates that CLD could interfere with molting process of M. rosenbergiiby disturbing the 20-HE concentration and the activity of chitobiase, suggesting consequences at the long term on the shrimp development. This study also confirmed that CLD could be an endocrine disruptor in decapod crustaceans, as it was already observed in vertebrates.
Keywords: 20-Hydroxyecdysone; Chitobiase; Chlordecone; Endocrine Disruptors; Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Empirical observations of the spawning migration of European eels: The long and dangerous road to the Sargasso Sea. - D. Righton; H. Westerberg; Eric Feunteun; F. Okland; P. Gargan; E. Amilhat; J. Metcalfe; J. Lobon-Cervia; N. Sjöberg; J. Simon; Anthony Acou; M. Vedor; et al. (Science Advances, 2016)
The spawning migration of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) to the Sargasso Sea is one of the greatest animal migrations. However, the duration and route of the migration remain uncertain. Using fishery data from 20 rivers across Europe, we show that most eels begin their oceanic migration between August and December. We used electronic tagging techniques to map the oceanic migration from eels released from four regions in Europe. Of 707 eels tagged, we received 206 data sets. Many migrations ended soon after release because of predation events, but we were able to reconstruct in detail the migration routes of >80 eels. The route extended from western mainland Europe to the Azores region, more than 5000 km toward the Sargasso Sea. All eels exhibited diel vertical migrations, moving from deeper water during the day into shallower water at night. The range of migration speeds was 3 to 47 km day−1. Using data from larval surveys in the Sargasso Sea, we show that spawning likely begins in December and peaks in February. Synthesizing these results, we show that the timing of autumn escapement and the rate of migration are inconsistent with the century-long held assumption that eels spawn as a single reproductive cohort in the springtime following their escapement. Instead, we suggest that European eels adopt a mixed migratory strategy, with some individuals able to achieve a rapid migration, whereas others arrive only in time for the following spawning season. Our results have consequences for eel management.

Environmental correlates of body size distribution in Cyprinidae (Actinopterygians) depend on phylogenetic scale - G. Denys; Pablo Tedesco; Thierry Oberdorff; P. Gaubert (Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 2016)
ABSTRACT: The pattern of increasing species body size with increasing latitude has been noticed in different groups of animals. Here, we used seven key environmental factors and independent contrasts to assess body size latitudinal clines in Cyprinidae at two phylogenetic levels (inter- and intragenera), which were defined using a genus-level supertree. Model selection procedures revealed that environmental factors shaping body size variation in Cyprinidae differed according to the phylogenetic scale considered. At the higher phylogenetic level, we found that both temperature (negative effect) and habitat availability (positive effect of drainage basin surface area) constituted mechanistic explanations of large-scale body size distribution. No temperature-related body size cline was observed at the intragenus level. Instead, competitive interaction (negative effect of species richness), habitat availability (positive effect of drainage basin surface area), migration ability and available energy (positive effects of glacial coverage and actual evapotranspiration) constitute alternative explanations at this lower phylogenetic scale. We conclude that (i) at the intergenus level, cyprinids do show a tendency to be smaller at high temperatures and larger at low temperatures, (ii) this tendency no longer exists at the intragenus level, (iii) latitude per se is a weak predictor of body size clines whatever the taxonomic level analysed, (iv) generalising geographical body size patterns may be rendered difficult by the superimposition of a series of mechanisms across different taxonomic scales, and (v) habitat size, here acting positively at both taxonomic scales, may play a major role in shaping riverine species body size clines.

Estimating Symbiont Abundances and Gill Surface Areas in Specimens of the Hydrothermal Vent Mussel Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis Maintained in Pressure Vessels - Duperron, Sébastien; Quiles, Adrien; Szafranski, Kamil M.; Léger, Nelly; Bruce Shillito (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2016)

Evaluating ecosystem-level anthropogenic impacts in a stressed transitional environment: The case of the Seine estuary - Samuele Tecchio; Chaalali, Aurélie; Raoux, Aurore; Rius, Armonie Tous; Lequesne, Justine; Girardin, Valerie; Géraldine Lassalle; Cachera, Marie; Riou, P; Lobry, Jeremy; Dauvin, Jean-Claude; Nathalie Niquil (ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS, 2016)
During 2002-2005, a new container terminal in the commercial harbour of Le Havre, named "Port2000", was built on the northern flank of the Seine estuary, northern France. This extension is already known to have modified the estuary current and sediment dynamics, as well as reducing biomass of the suprabenthos assemblage, for the whole downstream part of the system. However, studies on other biotic communities were largely inconclusive, and an ecosystem-wide analysis was still lacking. Here, we performed a before/after study of ecosystem dynamics of the different habitats of the Seine estuary, using a Linear Inverse Modelling technique (LIM-MCMC) to estimate all flows occurring in the food web. Ecological Network Analysis indices were calculated, summarising ecosystem functioning traits and giving indications about the habitat health status. Results showed that the southern flank (FS, Fosse Sud) exhibits all characteristics to be considered as the least stressed habitat of the estuary: system activity and functional specialisation of flows were stable between periods, ecosystem recycling processes and detrital dynamics were also stable; an increase in trophic specialisation (decrease in system omnivory) was the only change confirming a general ecological succession. The northern flank (FN, Fosse Nord), where the actual terminal was built, showed a food web with increased importance of lower trophic levels (increased detritivory and carbon recycling), increased stability and flow efficiency, but possibly regressed to a previous step in ecological succession. In the central navigation channel (CH), patterns of network indices were overall inconclusive and the general image is one of a constantly shifting food web, a condition possibly caused by the year-round dredging activities. The functioning of the Seine estuary especially of FN and FS - seems to have been modified by the combination of harbour construction and the related mitigation measures. Network indices partially captured this combination of changes and, although not fully operational yet, they are promising tools to comply with the European Union mandate of defining ecosystem health status. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evolution and structure of neuromuscular systems in spiralian meiofauna - Nicolas Bekkouche (2016)
Spiralia is a vast clade of Metazoa comprising large and well-known organisms, e.g., Annelida and Mollusca, but also many microscopic animals such as Gastrotricha or Gnathifera (including, Rotifera) of the often overlooked meiofauna. To date, the phylogeny and morphology of Spiralia have been difficult to resolve and understand. The present thesis focuses on spiralian meiofauna to i) reconstruct the phylogeny of this clade using transcriptomics and place enigmatic meiofaunal taxa and ii) resolve the morphology of three important taxa, mainly employing confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunohistochemistry: the spiralian incertae sedis, Lobatocerebrum, the recently described monospecific phylum Micrognathozoa (Gnathifera), and an early branching Gastrotricha, Diuronotus aspetos. The new spiralian phylogeny reveals with high support that the deepest branches of Spiralia consist of meiofaunal representatives, that Gnathifera is the sister group of remaining Spiralia, that Gastrotricha+Platyhelminthes branches off next and that Lobatocerebrum is an Annelida. The morphological surveys of the musculature, nervous system, glands, and ciliation on three phylogenetically distinct taxa yield more insight into their evolution: Lobatocerebrum is an aberrant annelid showing only few common traits with Annelida, yet, our detailed studies unravel putative resemblances of muscular, nervous and glandular system to previous findings in annelids. Micrognathozoa shows more resemblances with Rotifera than Gnathostomulida (these three taxa together forming Gnathifera). Furthermore, we could infer possible plesiomorphic states of Gnathifera such as the paired ventro-lateral nerve chords (shared with many Spiralia) as well as recover putative Gnathifera apomorphies such as the pharyngeal ganglion; all adding new information on the evolution of this group. Diuronotus aspetos shows a unique combination of muscular traits not easily traceable, but in contrast the nervous system traits can be compared in high details, hereby bridging to other Chaetonotida (Gastrotricha). Moreover, we describe new gastrotrich characters such as the ciliary pattern or a system of pharyngeal canals of possible importance for future comparative approaches. These different studies show that information on rare and phylogenetically isolated animals with their unique combination of neural and muscular characters are necessary to understand the evolution of Spiralia. Also, several organ systems should be considered for systematic comparisons, here emphasized with ciliary and glandular systems in Micrognathozoa, Gastrotricha and Lobatocerebrum showing potential phylogenetic information.

Extreme landscapes decrease taxonomic and functional bird diversity but promote the presence of rare species - Laurent Godet; Vincent Devictor; Françoise Burel; Jean-Guy Robin; Loïc Ménanteau; Jérôme Fournier (Acta Ornithologica, 2016)
Human activities may generate geometrical landscape (i.e. composed of rectilinear and repetitive landscape units) structures that can significantly influence the spatial distribution of birds. While bird distribution in various landscape types has been extensively studied, the role played by landscape configuration and composition in different facets of bird diversity remains unclear. Here, these two main components of landscape characteristics (i.e. configuration and composition) are disentangled and their relative influence on three different facets of bird assemblages: taxonomic and functional characteristics, and the presence of rare species, is tested. We chose four large coastal salinas of Western France as a relevant model of geometrical and human-dominated landscapes where each landscape unit can be easily identified and mapped. The landscape characteristics of these sites were mapped and quantified. Then, terrestrial breeding birds were sampled in 172 point-counts using a standardized protocol. 69 diurnal terrestrial bird species were detected and considered in analyses (waterbirds and owls excluded). Landscape composition was found to have a higher influence on bird communities than landscape configuration, which fits with the “landscape composition hypothesis”. More specifically, the most “extreme” landscapes — those with low terrestrial surface areas, low landscape richness and diversity, low cohesion, and very patchy landscapes with complex geometrical shapes — host the lowest bird taxonomic abundance, richness and diversity and functional richness, but are characterized by the presence of rare species (mainly wetland specialist species, e.g. Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus and species with restricted ranges e.g. Bluethroat Luscinia svecica namnetum). Our results suggest that conservation plans in such geometrical and human-dominated habitats should not only focus on one aspect of landscape characteristics or one aspect of biological diversity but also consider the adverse effects of landscape characteristics on these different facets.

The fate of C4 and C3 macrophyte carbon in central Amazon floodplain waters: Insights from a batch experiment - Jean-Michel Mortillaro; Passarelli, C; Gwenaël Abril; Cédric Hubas; Luis Felipe Artigas; Marc F Benedetti; Najet Thiney; Moreira-Turcq, P; Pérez, M A; Vidal, L; Tarik Meziane (Limnologica - Ecology and Management of Inland Waters, 2016)
The central Amazon floodplains are particularly productive ecosystems, where a large diversity of organic carbon sources are available for aquatic organisms. Despite the fact that C4 macrophytes generally produce larger biomasses than C3 macrophytes, food webs in the central Amazon floodplains appear dominantly based on a C3 carbon source. In order to investigate the respective fate and degradation patterns of C4 and C3 aquatic plant-derived material in central Amazon floodplains, we developed a 23-days batch experiment. Fatty acid and carbon concentrations as well as stable isotope compositions were monitored over time in 60 L tanks. These tanks contained Amazon water, with different biomasses of C3 and C4 macrophyte, representative of in situ densities occurring in central Amazon floodplains. In the C4Paspalum repens treatments, organic (POC, DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC) got rapidly enriched in 13C, whereas in the C3Salvinia auriculata treatments, POC and DOC showed little change in concentration and isotopic composition, and DIC got depleted in 13C. The contribution of P. repens to POC and DOC was estimated to reach up to 94.2 and 70.7%, respectively. In contrast, no differences were reported between the C3S. auriculata and control treatments, an observation attributed to the lower C3 biomass encountered in the field, to a slower degradation rate of C3 compared to C4 compounds, and to similar isotopic compositions for river POC and DOC, and C3 compounds. The 13C enrichments of POC, DOC, and DIC from P. repens treatments were attributed to an enhanced bacterially-mediated hydrolysis and mineralization of C4 material. Evolutions of bacterial abundance and branched fatty acid concentrations confirmed the role of heterotrophic microbial communities in the high P. repens decomposition rate. Our experiment highlights the predominant role of C4 aquatic plants, as a large source of almost entirely biodegradable organic matter available for heterotrophic activity and CO2 outgassing to the atmosphere.
Keywords: Central amazon; Degradation; fatty acids; Floodplains; Macrophytes; Stables isotopes

First record of Siganus randalli (Teleost, Siganidae) in New Caledonia, and comments on its diet - Thibaud Moleana; Luc Della-Patrona; Tarik Meziane; Yves Letourneur (Marine Biodiversity Records, 2016)
Background: Most of the 29 Siganidae species are widely distributed through the Indo-Pacific area. In New Caledonia, these family was represented by 12 species. The present report is the first record of Siganus randalli in New Caledonian waters and provide information on its diet. Methods: Three specimens of Siganus randalli were caught in shallow mangrove waters of the southern part of New Caledonia. Their stomach contents and isotopic signatures (carbon and nitrogen) were analyzed and compared to others siganids species. Results and conclusion: This note provides the most southerly record of the rabbitfish Siganus randalli, which extends its distribution range by 1200 km southward and 1300 km southwest. The data on its diet, when compared with other co-occurring or more reef-associated siganid species, provide information on feeding processes and ecological functions associated with its mangrove habitat. Keywords: Variegated rabbitfish, Diet, Stomach content, Isotope, SW pacific Abbreviations: ADECAL, Agence de développement économique de la Nouvelle-Calédonie; ARR, Arrêté; C, Carbon; DENV, Direction de l’environnement; G, grams; IRI, Index of relative importance; LIVE, Laboratoire insulaire du vivant et de l’environnement; MM, millimeter; N, Nitrogen; SD, standard deviation; TL, Total length; UNC, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie

From species distributions to ecosystem structure and function: A methodological perspective - Chaalali, Aurélie; Grégory Beaugrand; Virginie Raybaud; Géraldine Lassalle; Saint-Béat, B; Le Loc'h, Francois; Bopp, Laurent; Samuele Tecchio; Safi, Georges; Chifflet, Marina; Lobry, Jeremy; Nathalie Niquil (ECOLOGICAL MODELLING, 2016)
{As species biology and ecology is profoundly influenced by climate, any climatic alteration may have severe consequences on marine pelagic ecosystems and their food webs. It remains challenging to estimate the influence of climate on both structural and functional properties of food webs. In this study, we proposed an innovative approach to assess the propagating effects of climate change on ecosystem food web. The approach is based on a sensitivity analysis of a food-web model, a linear inverse model using a Monte Carlo method coupled with a Markov Chain, in which changes in the values of parameters are driven by external Ecological Niche Model outputs. Our sensitivity analysis was restricted to parameters regarding a keystone functional group in marine ecosystems, i.e. small pelagic fish. At the ecosystem level, the consequences were evaluated using both structural and functional ecological network indices. The approach is innovative as it is the first time that these three methods were combined to assess ecological network indices sensitivity to future climatic pressure. This coupling method was applied on the French continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay for which a food-web model already exists and where future changes in the distribution of small pelagic fish have already been examined through model building and projections. In response to the sensitivity analysis corresponding to an increase in small pelagics production only, our results suggested a more active system with an intense plankton-small pelagics-seabirds chain and an efficient recycling to maximize detritus use in the system in relation with detritus export. All results combined together seemed to be in favor of a system adapting to sustain the tested increase in production of small pelagic planktivores. Finally, regarding the innovative combination of numerical tools presented, even if further investigations are still necessary to get a more realistic view of cumulative effects resulting from one given pressure (or more) on a food web (e.g. altering different biological compartments at the same time), the Ecological Network Analysis indices values showed a higher variability under the scenarios of change. Our study thus pointed out a promising methodology to assess propagating changes in structural and functional ecosystem properties. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}

Functional characterization of eel dopamine D2 receptors and involvement in the direct inhibition of pituitary gonadotropins. - Jolly, C; Karine Rousseau; Prézeau, L; Vol, C; Tomkiewicz, J; Sylvie Dufour; Pasqualini, C (J Neuroendocrinol, 2016)
In various vertebrate species, dopamine (DA) exerts an inhibitory action on reproduction. In the European eel, DA plays a pivotal role in the inhibitory control of the gonadotrope function and the blockade of puberty. In vivo studies suggested that this effect is mediated by receptors pharmacologically related to the D2-family. In the European eel, two distinct D2 receptor (D2-R) paralogous genes have been identified (D2A-R and D2B-R) and both shown to be expressed in the pituitary. We investigated the potential role of each paralog in the control of gonadotrope function in this species. Eel recombinant D2A-R or D2B-R were expressed in HEK 293 cells, with a universal Gα subunit, and receptor activation was followed by inositol phosphate production. Recombinant D2-Rs exhibited a comparable affinity for DA, but differential affinities for mammalian D2-R agonists and antagonists, supporting subtle structure/activity differences. Further, using eel pituitary cell primary cultures, the expression by gonadotrope cells of both native eel D2-R paralogs was examined by in situ hybridisation of D2A-R or D2B-R transcripts, coupled to immunofluorescence of LHβ or FSHβ. LH and to a lesser extent, FSH cells expressed both D2-R transcripts, but with a clear predominance of D2B-R. Notably, D2B- R transcripts were detected on the majority of LH cells. Accordingly, using these cultures, we showed that DA potently inhibited basal and testosterone-stimulated LHβ expression and less potently basal and activin-stimulated FSHβ expression. We also tested some D2-R antagonists in order to select the most adequate one to be used in innovative protocols for induction of eel sexual maturation. We identified eticlopride as the most potent inhibitor of DA action on basal and stimulated LH expression in vitro. Our data suggest a differential functionalisation of the duplicated receptor genes and demonstrate that mainly D2B-R is involved in the dopaminergic inhibitory control of eel gonadotrope function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Geographic variation in stable isotopic and fatty acid composition of anguilliform leptocephali and particulate organic matter in the South Pacific - Liénart, Camilla; Eric Feunteun; Miller, M J; Aoyama, J; Jean-Michel Mortillaro; Cédric Hubas; Kuroki, M; Watanabe, S; Christine Dupuy; Alexandre Carpentier; Otake, T; Tsukamoto, K; et al. (Marine Ecology and Progress Series, 2016)
The feeding ecology of leptocephali has remained poorly understood because they apparently feed on particulate organic matter (POM), which varies in composition, and it is unclear which components of the POM they assimilate. The δ13C and δ15N stable isotope (SI) and fatty acid (FA) compositions of 3 families of leptocephali and POM were compared in 3 latitudinal current zones of the western South Pacific. The δ15N signatures of leptocephali and POM overlapped, with both having their lowest values in the southern current zone. POM in general (across all zones) contained 38 FAs and was rich in saturated FAs (SFA) (16:0, 18:0, 14:0), while leptocephali contained 50 FAs, with high proportions of 16:0, and higher contributions of 22:6ω3, 20:5ω3, 18:1ω9, 16:1ω7 and other FAs than found in the POM. Serrivomeridae leptocephali in the north had higher δ15N signatures and were also distinguished from Nemichthyidae and Muraenidae larvae by their FA compositions (higher SFAs, lower 22:6ω3 and 20:5ω3). Although SI signatures of the Serrivomeridae larvae did not clearly vary with size, 16:0 and 18:0 FA proportions decreased with increasing larval size, and 22:6ω3 and 16:1ω7 increased in larger larvae. Correspondences between the latitudinal variations in nitrogen SI signatures and FA compositions of POM with those of leptocephali and the presence of FA markers of both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms were consistent with leptocephali feeding on POM. POM can contain various materials from primary producers and heterotrophic microorganisms, but differences in the SI signatures and FA compositions in leptocephali remain to be explained through further research.
Keywords: Leptocephali · Fatty acids · Stable isotopes · Biomarkers · Trophic ecology · Oceanic currents

Global impacts of the 1980s regime shift - Philip Chris Reid; Renata E. Hari; Grégory Beaugrand; David M. Livingstone; Christoph Marty; Dietmar Straile; Jonathan Barichivich; Goberville, Eric; Rita Adrian; Yasuyuki Aono; Ross Brown; James Foster; et al. (Global Change Biology, 2016)
© 2016 John Wiley {&} Sons Ltd. Despite evidence from a number of Earth systems that abrupt temporal changes known as regime shifts are important, their nature, scale and mechanisms remain poorly documented and understood. Applying principal component analysis, change-point analysis and a sequential t-test analysis of regime shifts to 72 time series, we confirm that the 1980s regime shift represented a major change in the Earth's biophysical systems from the upper atmosphere to the depths of the ocean and from the Arctic to the Antarctic, and occurred at slightly different times around the world. Using historical climate model simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and statistical modelling of historical temperatures, we then demonstrate that this event was triggered by rapid global warming from anthropogenic plus natural forcing, the latter associated with the recovery from the El Chichón volcanic eruption. The shift in temperature that occurred at this time is hypothesized as the main forcing for a cascade of abrupt environmental changes. Within the context of the last century or more, the 1980s event was unique in terms of its global scope and scale; our observed consequences imply that if unavoidable natural events such as major volcanic eruptions interact with anthropogenic warming unforeseen multiplier effects may occur.
Keywords: Climate; Earth systems; Global change; Regime shift; Statistical analysis; Time series; Volcanic forcing

Gondwanalimnadia (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) replacement name for Afrolimnadia Rogers, Rabet and Weeks, 2012 (Limnadiidae), junior homonym of Afrolimnadia Tasch, 1987 (Lioestheriidae) - D. Christopher Rogers; Nicolas Rabet; Stephen Weeks (Journal of Crustacean Biology, 2016)

High-resolution structural and elemental analyses of calcium storage structures synthesized by the noble crayfish Astacus astacus. - Gilles Luquet; Salomé, Murielle; Ziegler, Andreas; Paris, Céline; Percot, Aline; Dauphin, Yannicke (J Struct Biol, 2016)
During premolt, crayfish develop deposits of calcium ions, called gastroliths, in their stomach wall. The stored calcium is used for the calcification of parts of the skeleton regularly renewed for allowing growth. Structural and molecular analyses of gastroliths have been primarily performed on three crayfish species, Orconectes virilis, Procambarus clarkii, and more recently, Cherax quadricarinatus. We have performed high-resolution analyses of gastroliths from the native noble crayfish, Astacus astacus, focusing on the microstructure, the mineralogical and elemental composition and distribution in a comparative perspective. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations showed a classical layered microstructure composed of 200-nm diameter granules aligned along fibers. These granules are themselves composed of agglomerated nanogranules of 50nm-mean diameters. Denser regions of bigger fused granules are also present. Micro-Raman spectroscopy show that if A. astacus gastroliths, similarly to the other analyzed gastroliths, are mainly composed of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), they are also rich in amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). The presence of a carotenoid pigment is also observed in A. astacus gastrolith contrary to C. quadricarinatus. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses demonstrate the presence of minor elements such as Mg, Sr, Si and P. The distribution of this last element is particularly heterogeneous. X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) reveals an alternation of layers more or less rich in phosphorus evidenced in the mineral phase as well as in the organic matrix in different molecular forms. Putative functions of the different P-comprising molecules are discussed.

How do macrobenthic resources concentrate foraging waders in large megatidal sandflats? - Ponsero, Alain; Sturbois, Anthony; Nicolas Desroy; Patrick Le Mao; Jones, Auriane; Jérôme Fournier (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2016)
The relationship between foraging shorebirds, macrobenthos and sedimentary parameters has been widely studied across Western Europe. Megatidal areas have large zones uncovered when the water retreats. Consequently, in such cases, the tide also influences foraging activities. This paper examines the use of an intertidal space by waders to define how macrobenthic resource concentrates foraging activity of birds in a large megatidal sandflat. This approach combines accurate spatial distribution of waders (Oystercatcher, Eurasian curlew, Bar-tailed Godwit and Redknot) according to their activity with ecological/biological parameters. A differential exploitation of the flat is clearly shown, with macrobenthic biomass appearing as one of the main explanatory factor for the four species considered on the western part of the bay and altitude (shore elevation) in the eastern part. The novelty of this study relates to the large area, also presumed to be a functional unit, while considering at the same time the singularities of the different parts of the flat. This multi-scale approach identifies important factors influencing the differential distribution patterns observed. The different selected parameters present an important variability in their contribution, underlining the complexity of explaining the distribution of foraging birds. Consequently, the study of such complex phenomena needs to consider additional variables to improve the relevance of explanatory models.

Ideas and perspectives: Southwestern tropical Atlantic coral growth response to atmospheric circulation changes induced by ozone depletion in Antarctica - Evangelista, Heitor; Wainer, Ilana; Sifeddine, Abdelfettah; Corrège, Thierry; Cordeiro, Renato C.; Lamounier, Saulo; Godiva, Daniely; Shen, Chuan-Chou; Le Cornec, Florence; Turcq, Bruno; Claire E. Lazareth; Hu, Ching-Yi (Biogeosciences, 2016)
Recent Southern Hemisphere (SH) atmospheric circulation, predominantly driven by stratospheric ozone de- pletion over Antarctica, has caused changes in climate across the extratropics. Here, we present evidence that the Brazilian coast (southwestern Atlantic) may have been impacted from both wind and sea-surface temperature changes derived from this process. Skeleton analysis of massive coral species liv- ing in shallow waters off Brazil are very sensitive to air–sea interactions, and seem to record this impact. Growth rates of Brazilian corals show a trend reversal that fits the ozone depletion evolution, confirming that ozone impacts are far reaching and potentially affect coastal ecosystems in tropical environments

Image analysis-based classification of pigmentation patterns in fish: A case study of pseudo-albinism in Senegalese sole - Wishkerman, A; Boglino, A; Darias, Maria; Andree, K B; Estévez, A; Gisbert, E (Aquaculture, 2016)
Keywords: Pseudo-albinism

Influence of intertidal recreational fisheries and ‘bouchot’ mussel culture on bivalve recruitment - Nicolas Toupoint; Pierrick Barbier; Réjean Tremblay; P Archambault; Christopher W. McKindsey; Gesche Winkler; Tarik Meziane; Frédéric Olivier (Marine Environmental Research, 2016)
Abstract In coastal environments, fishing and aquaculture may be important sources of disturbance to ecosystem functioning, the quantification of which must be assessed to make them more sustainable. In the Chausey Archipelago, France, recreational fishing and commercial shellfish farming are the only two evident anthropogenic activities, dominated by bivalve hand-raking and ‘bouchot’ mussel culture, respectively. This study evaluates the impact of both activities on bivalve recruitment dynamics by comparing primary recruitment intensity (short-term effect) and recruitment efficiency (medium-term effect) by sampling bivalves in reference (undisturbed) and disturbed (i.e. subjected to hand-raking or in ‘bouchot’ mussel culture areas) parcels throughout and at the end of the recruitment season, respectively. Specific hypotheses evaluated were that (H1) bivalve hand-raking negatively affects bivalve recruitment and that (H2) ‘bouchot’ mussel culture promotes bivalve recruitment. Patterns in bivalve community structure in reference parcels (i.e. natural pattern) differed between initial and final recruitment, underlining the great importance of early post-settlement processes, particularly secondary dispersal. Primary recruitment intensity was inhibited in hand-raking parcels whereas it was promoted in ‘bouchot’ mussel culture parcels, but the effect on recruitment efficiency was muted for both activities due to post-settlement processes. Nevertheless, the importance of effects that occur during the first step of recruitment should not be ignored as they may affect bivalve communities and induce immediate consequences on the trophic web through a cascade effect. Finally, it is highlighted that hand-raking damages all life stages of the common cockle Cerastoderma edule, one of the major target species, suggesting that this activity should be managed with greater caution than is currently done.
Keywords: ‘Bouchot’

The influence of oceanographic features on the foraging behavior of the olive ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea along the Guiana coast - Chambault, Philippine; de Thoisy, Benoît; Heerah, Karine; Conchon, Anna; Barrioz, Sébastien; Dos Reis, Virginie; Berzins, Rachel; Kelle, Laurent; Picard, Baptiste; Roquet, Fabien; Le Maho, Yvon; Chevallier, Damien (Progress in Oceanography, 2016)

Insights from the shell proteome: biomineralization to adaptation. - Arivalagan, Jaison; Yarra Teja; Marie, Benjamin; Sleight, Victoria A; Duvernois‐Berthet, Evelyne; Clark, Melody S; Marie, Arul; Berland, Sophie (Mol Biol Evol, 2016)
Bivalves have evolved a range of complex shell forming mechanisms that are reflected by their incredible diversity in shell mineralogy and microstructures. A suite of proteins exported to the shell matrix space plays a significant role in controlling these features, in addition to underpinning some of the physical properties of the shell itself. Although, there is a general consensus that a minimum basic protein tool kit is required for shell construction, to date, this remains undefined. In this study the shell matrix proteins (SMPs) of four highly divergent bivalves (The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas; the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis; the clam, Mya truncata and the king scallop, Pecten maximus) were analyzed in an identical fashion using proteomics pipeline. This enabled us to identify the critical elements of a "basic tool kit" for calcification processes, which were conserved across the taxa irrespective of the shell morphology and arrangement of the crystal surfaces. In addition, protein domains controlling the crystal layers specific to aragonite and calcite were also identified. Intriguingly, a significant number of the identified SMPs contained domains related to immune functions. These were often are unique to each species implying their involvement not only in immunity, but also environmental adaptation. This suggests that the SMPs are selectively exported in a complex mix to endow the shell with both mechanical protection and biochemical defense.

International Perspectives on the Effects of Climate Change on Inland Fisheries - I.J. Winfield; C. Baigun; P.A. Balykin; B. Becker; Y. Chen; A.F. Filipe; Y.V. Gerasimov; A.L. Godinho; R.M. Hugues; J.D. Koehn; D.N. Kutsyn; V. Mendoza-Portillo; et al. (Fisheries, 2016)

Inter-nesting behavioural adjustments of green turtles to an estuarine habitat in French Guiana - Chambault, P; de Thoisy, B; Kelle, L; Berzins, R; Bonola, M; Delvaux, H; Le Maho, Y; Chevallier, D (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2016)

Intra-skeletal calcite in a live-collected Porites sp.: Impact on environmental proxies and potential formation process - Claire E. Lazareth; Soares-Pereira, Caroline; Douville, Eric; Brahmi, Chloé; Dissard, Delphine; Le Cornec, Florence; Thil, François; Gonzalez-Roubaud, Cécile; Caquineau, Sandrine; Cabioch, Guy (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2016)
Geochemical proxies measured in the carbonate skeleton of tropical coral Porites sp. have commonly been used to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) and more recently seawater pH. Nevertheless, both reconstructed SST and pH depend on the preservation state of the skeleton, here made of aragonite; i.e., diagenetic processes and its related effects should be limited. In this study, we report on the impact of the presence of intra-skeletal calcite on the skeleton geochemistry of a live-collected Porites sp. The Porites skeleton preservation state was analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, U/Ca, Ba/Ca, Li/Mg, and B/Ca ratios were measured at a monthly and yearly resolution using quadrupole ICP-MS and multi-collector ICP-MS. The δ11B signatures and the calcite percentages were acquired at a yearly timescale. The coral colony presents two parts, one with less than 3% calcite (referred to as “no-calcite” skeleton), the other one, corresponding to the skeleton formed during the last 4 years of growth, with calcite percentages varying from 13% to 32% (referred to as “with calcite” skeleton). This intra-skeletal calcite replaces partly or completely numerous centers of calcification (COCs). All investigated geochemical tracers are significantly impacted by the presence of calcite. The reconstructed SST decreases by about 0.1 °C per calcite-percent as inferred from the Sr/Ca ratio. Such impact reaches up to 0.26 °C per calcite-percent for temperature deduced from the Li/Mg ratio. So, less than 5% of such intra-skeletal calcite does not prevent SST reconstructions using Sr/Ca ratio, but the percentage and type of calcite have to be determined before fine SST interpretation. Seawater pH reconstruction inferred from boron isotopes drop by about −0.011 pH-unit per calcite-percent. Such sensitivity to calcite presence is particularly dramatic for fine paleo-pH reconstructions. Here we suggest that after being brought to shallow waters following a cyclone, the studied coral was seasonally subjected to rainfall-related water freshening that could have mimicked a vadose environment like can be encountered on raised fossil coral reefs. Nevertheless, the process of calcite precipitation remains to be determined.

The invasive lionfish, Pterois volitans, used as a sentinel species to assess the organochlorine pollution by chlordecone in Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles) - Charlotte R. Dromard; Yolande Bouchon-Navaro; Sébastien Cordonnier; Claude Bouchon (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016)

Larval traits of the Caribbean amphidromous goby Sicydium punctatum (Gobioidei: Sicydiinae) in Guadeloupe - Léa Lejeune; Hélène Tabouret; Taillebois, Laura; Monti, Dominique; Philippe Keith (ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH, 2016)
Keywords: amphidromy; larval dispersal; Lesser Antilles; otolith; Sicydiinae

Level of contamination by metallic trace elements and organic molecules in the seagrass beds of Guadeloupe island. - Claude Bouchon; Lemoine, Soazig; Charlotte R. Dromard; Yolande Bouchon-Navaro (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016)

Major drivers of invasion risks throughout the world - Bellard, Céline; Leroy, Boris; Thuiller, Wilfried; Rysman, Jean-François; Courchamp, Franck (Ecosphere, 2016)
In this paper, we investigate how climate, land use, habitat characteristics, and socioeconomic activities contribute to predict the current potential distributions of the “100 among the world's worst invasive alien species”. We calculated the predictive power of each of the 41 variables for the 95 species including a large number of plants, vertebrates and invertebrates. We then calibrated the species distribution models with a set of appropriate variables for each invasive alien species to predict the potential distribution of these species and identify the major regions of origin of the invasive alien species. We found that climate variables were primarily predictors of the distribution of the global invaders studied. In addition, the habitat characteristics were also important predictors following by the socioeconomic variables such as the nearest distance to airports, seaports and human population density. We show that the potential areas at the highest risk of invasions from these species are located in Western Europe, Eastern United States, Central America, the eastern coast of Australia, and some Indonesian islands. We argue that these potential hotspots of invasions should be monitored in priority to prevent new invasions from these species. This study provides evidence of the importance of considering both habitat characteristics, socioeconomic and climate change factors for the current and future predictions of biological invasions.

Massive yet grossly underestimated global costs of invasive insects - Bradshaw, Corey J.A.; Leroy, Boris; Bellard, Céline; Roiz, David; Albert, Céline; Fournier, Alice; Barbet-Massin, Morgane; Salles, Jean-Michel; Simard, Frédéric; Courchamp, Franck (Nature Communications, 2016)
Insects have presented human society with some of its greatest development challenges by spreading diseases, consuming crops and damaging infrastructure. Despite the massive human and financial toll of invasive insects, cost estimates of their impacts remain sporadic, spatially incomplete and of questionable quality. Here we compile a comprehensive database of economic costs of invasive insects. Taking all reported goods and service estimates, invasive insects cost a minimum of US$70.0 billion per year globally, while associated health costs exceed US$6.9 billion per year. Total costs rise as the number of estimate increases, although many of the worst costs have already been estimated (especially those related to human health). A lack of dedicated studies, especially for reproducible goods and service estimates, implies gross underestimation of global costs. Global warming as a consequence of climate change, rising human population densities and intensifying international trade will allow these costly insects to spread into new areas, but substantial savings could be achieved by increasing surveillance, containment and public awareness.

Meiofauna distribution in a mangrove forest exposed to shrimp farm effluents (New Caledonia) - L. Della Patrona; Cyril Marchand; Cédric Hubas; Nathalie Molnar; J. Deborde; Tarik Meziane (Marine Environmental Research, 2016)
Abstract Meiofauna abundance, biomass and individual size were studied in mangrove sediments subjected to shrimp farm effluents in New Caledonia. Two strategies were developed: i) meiofauna examination during the active (AP) and the non-active (NAP) periods of the farm in five mangrove stands characteristics of the mangrove zonation along this coastline, ii) meiofauna examination every two months during one year in the stand the closest to the pond (i.e. Avicennia marina). Thirteen taxonomic groups of meiofauna were identified, with nematodes and copepods being the most abundant ones. Meiofauna abundance and biomass increased from the land side to the sea side of the mangrove probably as a result of the increased length of tidal immersion. Abundance of total meiofauna was not significantly different before and after the rearing period. However, the effluent-receiving mangrove presented twice the meiofauna abundance and biomass than the control one. Among rare taxa, mites appeared extremely sensitive to this perturbation.
Keywords: New Caledonia

Metacommunity patterns across three Neotropical catchments with varying environmental harshness - T. Datry; A.S. Melo; N. Moya; J. Zubieta; E. De La Barra; Thierry Oberdorff (Freshwater Biology, 2016)
SUMMARY 1. Most metacommunity studies indicate that dispersal processes play a minor role compared with species sorting in explaining metacommunity organisation, in particular, in stream systems. However, the role of dispersal could vary with environmental harshness, as a result of frequent resetting of community succession by disturbances and the selection of generalist species from regional species pools. The importance of dispersal may also be mitigated by species dispersal ability. 2. In this study, we explored how species sorting and dispersal shaped invertebrate and fish metacommunities across streams in three tropical headwater catchments in Bolivia with contrasting environmental harshness, including flow regime, altitude and climate conditions. We addressed the hypothesis that the relative roles of dispersal and species sorting vary with environmental harshness: we predicted that the role of species sorting would predominate in benign conditions, whereas that of dispersal would predominate under moderate environmental harshness, and that neither dispersal nor species sorting would be relevant to explain metacommunities under high environmental harshness. We also hypothesised that the role of dispersal would decrease with increasing species dispersal ability. 3. Although there was little or no spatial autocorrelation of environmental distances (i.e. environmental differences) across the headwater catchments, community similarity correlated more strongly with environmental than spatial distances among headwater sites that had low environmental harshness, but the opposite pattern was observed among sites with moderate environmental harshness. Under high environmental harshness, neither environmental harshness nor spatial distances between sites explained community similarity. 4. Under moderate environmental harshness, the correlation between community similarity and spatial distances was the strongest for moderate dispersers of both invertebrates and fish. Yet, in contrast to fish, strongly dispersing invertebrate taxa were spatial structured, suggesting that they were not able to reach all sites as predicted. 5. Our results suggest the role of dispersal might be underestimated, notably in systems prone to environmental harshness. Better proxies for dispersal, along with the use of spatial distances to account for resistance to animal movements in river systems and that account for flow magnitude and directionality, slope, riparian vegetation, wind and streambed roughness, may promote a more realistic integration of dispersal processes in basic and applied metacommunity research.

Metal bioaccumulation and physiological condition of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) reared in two shellfish basins and a marina in Normandy (northwest France). - Séguin, A; Christelle Caplat; Antoine Serpentini; Lebel, J M; Menet-Nedelec, F; Katherine Costil (Mar Pollut Bull, 2016)
A 5-month experiment combining a geochemical survey of metals with a bioaccumulation study in batches of Crassostrea gigas was conducted in two shellfish farming areas and a marina in Normandy (France). Various endpoints at different levels of biological organization were studied. ROCCH data showed differences in biota contamination between the two shellfish areas but the present study revealed only slight differences in metallic contamination and biomarkers. By contrast, significantly different values were recorded in the marina in comparison with the two other sites. Indeed, higher levels of Cd, Cu and Zn were measured in the oysters from the marina, and these oysters also showed a poorer physiological condition (e.g., condition index, histopathological alterations and neutral lipid content). For coastal monitoring, the multi-biomarker approach coupled with an assessment of metallic contamination in biota appeared to be suitable for discriminating spatial differences in environmental quality after only a few months of exposure.

Metal bioaccumulation and physiological condition of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) reared in two shellfish basins and a marina in Normandy (northwest France) - Séguin, A.; Caplat, C.; Serpentini, A.; Lebel, J.M.; Menet-Nedelec, F.; Katherine Costil (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016)

Migration of juvenile Black Storks: stay with the family or go alone? - Larue, Mélanie; Boos, Mathieu; Brossard, Christian; Baillon, François; Boutteaux, Jean-Jacques; Bernard, Jérôme; Brossault, Paul; Petit, Odile; Chevallier, Damien (Ringing & Migration, 2016)

Modelling spatial distribution of Patagonian toothfish through life-stages and sex and its implications for the fishery on the Kerguelen Plateau - Clara Péron; Dirk C. Welsford; Philippe Ziegler; Timothy D. Lamb; Nicolas Gasco; Charlotte Chazeau; Romain Sinègre; Guy Duhamel (Progress in Oceanography, 2016)
Abstract Size and sex specific habitat preferences are common in animal populations and can have important implications for sound spatial management of harvested species. Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) is a commercially exploited fish species characterised by its longevity (>50 yo) and its extremely broad distribution in depths ranging from 10 m to 2500 m on most of the Plateaux, banks and seamounts of the Southern Ocean. As many bentho-pelagic fish species, Patagonian toothfish exhibits sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic habitat shift towards deeper waters as they grow. In this study, we modelled the spatial structure of Patagonian toothfish population (median total length and sex composition) in a data-rich area, the Kerguelen Plateau (Southern Indian Ocean), to better understand the ecological drivers of their distributional patterns and inform current and future fishery management strategies. We applied spatially-explicit statistical models to quantify and predict the effects of the complex topography of the Kerguelen Plateau in structuring the spatial distribution of Patagonian toothfish total length and sex ratio, while controlling for gear selectivity and season. Model predictions showed that juvenile toothfish live in shallow regions (shelf and banks) and move downward progressively up to 600 m while they grow. Between 600 m and 1200 m, the downward movement stops and fish settle at their preferred depths. While in this depth range, fish are ∼75 cm long and most vulnerable to fisheries. As they approach maturity large fish move downward to deep-sea habitats (from 1200 m to >2300 m) and head towards the spawning grounds on the western side of the plateau and around Skiff Bank. Importantly, the sex ratio was not evenly distributed across the Plateau; prediction maps revealed a higher proportion of females in the South whereas a strong male-bias sex ratio (70%) occurred in the North-West. Large-scale prediction maps derived from our models assisted in developing hypotheses regarding ecological drivers of Patagonian toothfish habitat-use and movement across different life stages and sex. Such hypotheses are crucial to inform management strategies of this multijurisdictional fishery (France and Australia) at the spatial and temporal scales over which natural processes and fishery extend.

Morphological changes during the transition from freshwater to sea water in an amphidromous goby, Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) (Teleostei). - Ellien, Céline; Werner, Ugo; Philippe Keith (Ecology of Freshwater fish, 2016)
The widely distributed amphidromous goby Sicyopterus lagocephalus needs drastic change of habitat to fulfil its life cycle: adults live and spawn in rivers, where eggs hatch into prolarvae that have to reach the sea to acquire characteristics of planktonic larvae. Postlarvae return to rivers where they recruit and grow to the adult reproductive stage. Here, we describe the prolarval stages, namely from hatching to first contact with sea water, as well as the first marine larval stages. The observations were made under experimental conditions. We described 3 prolarval substages in freshwater (L1a–L1c). Prolarvae present a slight but visible ontogenetic development in freshwater, during which the yolk sac begins to reduce, the pigmentation increases on the body and in the eyes, and the lenses appear, although the eyes are not functional. Prolarvae need to reach the sea in a maximum of 96 h to pursue their development. Their transfer in sea water at a salinity of 36.5 induces important morphological modifications (i.e. yolk sac full absorption, appearance of pectoral fins, migration of the eyes in anterolateral position of the head, opening of mouth and anus), enabling the organisms to adapt to their new environment. This marine stage is divided into two substages: L2a corresponding to the organisation of the morphological structures adapted to the marine environment and L2b during which these morphological structures become functional. Whether it is in freshwater or sea water, the duration of the substages depends on the water temperature, but is similar for all individuals for a given temperature.
Keywords: amphidromy; larval development; larval morphology; Reunion Island; Sicyopterus lagocephalus

Morphological review of the freshwater fairy shrimp Dendrocephalus brasiliensis Pesta, 1921 (Anostraca: Thamnocephalidae) - Samara de Paiva Barros-Alves; Douglas Fernandes Rodrigues Alves; Eduardo Antônio Bolla Jr; Nicolas Rabet; Gustavo Luis Hirose (Nauplius, 2016)
Information concerning the morphology of Dendrocephalus brasiliensis Pesta, 1921 is currently fragmented. This study reviewed the morphological structures described previously and new features (e.g., antenna-like structures and gonopod). We review the distribution of this species and also expand the geographic distribution of D. brasiliensis in the state of Alagoas. The specimens were obtained from fish-breeding tanks in Porto Real do Colégio, Alagoas, Brazil, in November 2012. Several morphological structures of D. brasiliensis are described in greater detail, including all branches and sub-branches from the frontal appendage and thoracopods from one population and compared to other species.

Morpho-sedimentology of coastal natural sites colonized by Sand Martin (Riparia riparia) - Jérôme Fournier; Alexandre Corbeau; Patrick Le Mao (Revue d'Ecologie (Terre et Vie), 2016)
Morpho-sedimentology of coastal natural sites colonized by Sand Martin (Riparia riparia). — The Sand Martin or Bank Swallow Riparia riparia returns annually to a same site to establish a colony. These sites are natural or anthropogenic origin but are still subject to permanent changes. The species is characterized by its ability to dig tunnels in which it carries out its reproductive cycle. Several authors have attempted to identify the criteria used by the swallows to choose a favourable site to the installation of a colony. Among the many parameters that can help explain the location of colonies, morpho-sedimentary settings have been poorly documented. Among abiotic factors, the composition of the soil particles seems to play an important role in the depth of the tunnels which is directly proportional to the reproductive success. The aim of this article is to contribute to explore the morpho-sedimentary parameters of two colonies localized in coastal area. We investigated the supposed effect of morpho-sedimentary parameters on the presence and layout of tunnels, their depth and if the colonized sites have different characteristics from nearby favourable but not colonized sites. We took into consideration several morphological parameters of the colonies and sampled sediments, which were analysed and compared using statistical tests and linear regression. We show that, in the Bay of Mont Saint-Michel, Bank Swallows do not choose their nesting site depending on the nature of the sediment unlike what was proposed in a previous study on a continental site. For each site, we were only able to find tenuous differences between colonized and no colonized sites. The swallows have all chosen the same sedimentary strata regardless of the site. The choice of this stratum is linked mainly to the limitation of the risk of flooding but also to the fact that the uppermost stratum that supports vegetation is more difficult to be excavated due to the presence of roots and rhizomes. The characteristics of sedimentary material are however structuring in the depth of the tunnels.

Nervous system and ciliary structures of Micrognathozoa (Gnathifera): evolutionary insight from an early branch in Spiralia - Bekkouche, Nicolas; Worsaae, Katrine (Royal Society Open Science, 2016)

Nervous system development in cephalopods: How egg yolk-richness modifies the topology of the mediolateral patterning system. - Buresi, Auxane; Aude Andouche; Navet, S; Yann Bassaglia; Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli; Sébastien Baratte (Dev Biol, 2016)
Cephalopods possess the most complex centralized nervous system among molluscs and the molecular determinants of its development have only begun to be explored. To better understand how evolved their brain and body axes, we studied Sepia officinalis embryos and investigated the expression patterns of neural regionalization genes involved in the mediolateral patterning of the neuroectoderm in model species. SoxB1 expression reveals that the embryonic neuroectoderm is made of several distinct territories that constitute a large part of the animal pole disc. Concentric nkx2.1, pax6/gsx, and pax3/7/msx/pax2/5/8 positive domains subdivide this neuroectoderm. Looking from dorsal to ventral sides, the sequence of these expressions is reminiscent of the mediolateral subdivision in model species, which provides good evidence for "mediolateral patterning" conservation in cephalopods. A specific feature of cephalopod development, however, includes an unconventional orientation to this mediolateral sequence: median markers (like nkx2.1) are unexpectedly expressed at the periphery of the cuttlefish embryo and lateral markers (like Pax3/7) are expressed centrally. As the egg is rich with yolk, the lips of the blastopore (that classically organizes the neural midline) remain unclosed at the lateral side of the animal pole until late stages of organogenesis, therefore reversing the whole embryo topology. These findings confirm - by means of molecular tools - the location of both ventral and dorsal poles in cephalopod embryos.

Network Analysis Shows Asymmetrical Flows within a Bird Metapopulation - Rojas, Emilio R.; Sueur, Cédric; Henry, Pierre-Yves; Doligez, Blandine; Wey, Gérard; Dehorter, Olivier; Massemin, Sylvie; Chevallier, Damien; Clauss, Thierry; Dugué Hubert; Merle, Christian (PLOS ONE, 2016)

Neuromuscular study of early branching Diuronotus aspetos (Paucitubulatina) yields insights into the evolution of organs systems in Gastrotricha - Bekkouche, Nicolas; Worsaae, Katrine (Zoological Letters, 2016)

Neuropeptidome of the Cephalopod Sepia officinalis: Identification, Tissue Mapping, and Expression Pattern of Neuropeptides and Neurohormones during Egg Laying. - Céline Zatylny-Gaudin; Cornet, Valérie; Leduc, Alexandre; Zanuttini, Bruno; Corre, Erwan; Corguillé, Gildas Le; Bernay, Benoît; Kraut, Alexandra; Couté, Yohan; Joël Henry (J Proteome Res., 2016)

New electroantennography method on a marine shrimp in water - Machon, Julia; Juliette Ravaux; Magali Zbinden; Lucas, Philippe (Journal of Experimental Biology, 2016)
Antennular chemoreception in aquatic decapods is well studied via the recording of single chemoreceptor neuron activity in the antennule, but global responses of the antennule (or antennae in insects) by electroantennography (EAG) has so far been mainly restricted to aerial conditions. We present here a well-established underwater EAG method to record the global antennule activity in the marine shrimp Palaemon elegans in natural (aqueous) conditions. EAG responses to food extracts, recorded as net positive deviations of the baseline, are reproducible, dose-dependent and exhibit sensory adaptation. This new EAG method opens a large field of possibilities for studying in vivo antennular chemoreception in aquatic decapods, in a global approach to supplement current, more specific techniques.

A new species and four new records of sedentary polychaetes from the Canadian High Arctic - Eduardo Lopez; Frédéric Olivier; Cindy Grant; P Archambault (Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2016)
During ArcticNet surveys aboard ‘CCGS Amundsen’ in 2011, several subtidal stations located in Canadian Archipelago were sampled in order to study the composition of their benthic communities. Among the abundant material sampled, several specimens of rare polychaete species were found. Examination of this material showed four species not previously recorded in the area, and a new species described herein. Descriptions of these specimens are given in this work. Ophelina brattegardi Kongsrud et al., 2011 is characterized by a body composed of 27–28 chaetigers, by having the parapodia of the last four chaetigers shifted to the ventral side of the body, and by lacking branchiae in mid-body chaetigers. Macrochaeta polyonix Eliason, 1962 is unique within the genus in having several (instead of one or two) compound neurochaetae in anterior parapodia. Chaetozone acuta Banse & Hobson, 1968 is characterized by having spines from anterior third of the body and arranged in bundles composed of " # "just a few chaetae. Chaetozone jubata Chambers & Woodham, 2003 can be distinguished from similar species by having very long capillary chaetae from chaetiger 2 or 3. Finally, Dialychone hervyae n. sp. is characterized by bearing four pairs of radioles with narrow flanges, by the bilobed tip of its first peristomial ring that projects beyond the collar, and by the paleate thoracic notochaetae bearing long mucros.

A new species of Eleotris (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Eleotridae) from the Solomon Islands - Marion Mennesson; Philippe Keith; Ebner, Brendan C; Gerbeaux, Philippe (Pacific Science, 2016)

A new species of Lentipes (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Solomon islands. - Philippe Keith; Clara Lord; Boseto, David; Ebner, Brendan C (Cybium, 2016)

Parabothus rotundifrons (Pleuronectiformes: Bothidae), a new bothid flatfish from Saya de Malha Bank (Indian Ocean) - Voronina, Elena; Patrice Pruvost; Causse, Romain (Cybium, 2016)
Abstract.–nine species of Parabothus are currently recognized. A new bothid flatfish, Parabothus rotundifrons, is described from six specimens. it is considered as a species of Parabothus because of caudal skeleton structure, moderate width of concave interorbital space in male and moderate body depth in both male and female. P. rotundifrons is easily separable from other congeners by having a lowest number of scales in the lateral line (48- 58), biserial teeth on the upper jaw, steep dorsal profile of the head, 8-9 non-serrate gill ...

Parental influence in relation to growth and survival in larval families of Doncella Pseudoplatystoma punctifer - Castro-Ruiz, D; Baras, Etienne; Fernández, C; Sophie Quérouil; Chota-Macuyama, Werner; F. Duponchelle; Renno, J-F; Darias, Maria; García-Dávila, C; Jesus Nuñez-Rodriguez (Folia Amazónica, 2016)

Photosystem-II shutdown evolved with Nitrogen fixation in the unicellular diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii. - Rabouille, Sophie; Pascal Claquin (Environ Microbiol, 2016)
Protection of nitrogenase from oxygen in unicellular Cyanobacteria is obtained by temporal separation of photosynthesis and diazotrophy through transcriptional and translational regulations of nitrogenase. But diazotrophs can face environmental situations in which N2 fixation occurs significantly in the light, and we believe that another control operates to make it possible. The night-time shutdown of PSII activity is a peculiar behaviour that discriminates Crocosphaera watsonii WH8501 from any other phototroph, whether prokaryote or eukaryote. This phenomenon is not only due to the plastoquinone pool redox status, and suggests that the sentinel D1 protein, expressed in periods of nitrogen fixation, is inactive. Results demonstrate a tight constraint of oxygen evolution in C. watsonii as additional protection of nitrogenase activity and suggest a possible recycling of cellular components.

Picophytoplankton contribution to Mytilus edulis growth in an intensive culture environment - Rémi Sonier; Filgueira, R.; Guyondet, T.; Réjean Tremblay; Frédéric Olivier; Tarik Meziane; Starr, M.; LeBlanc, A. R.; Comeau, L. A. (Marine Biology, 2016)

Planktonic foraminiferal biogeography in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean: Contribution from CPR data - Meilland, Julie; Fabri-Ruiz, Salomé; Koubbi, Philippe; Monaco, Claire Lo; Cotté, Cédric; Hosie, Graham W.; Sanchez, Sophie; Howa, Hélène (Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2016)

Plasticity and acquisition of the thermal tolerance (upper thermal limit and heat shock response) in the intertidal species Palaemon elegans - Juliette Ravaux; Léger, Nelly; Nicolas Rabet; Fourgous, Claire; Voland, Guillaume; Magali Zbinden; Bruce Shillito (Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2016)
The marine species sensitivity to climate change will depend on the ways by which these species can adapt to thermal increase and heterogeneity. Here, we present evidence that the intertidal shrimp Palaemon elegans acclimates its thermal tolerance, in response to environmental water temperature, through a significant shift of its upper thermal limit with no concomittant acclimation of the heat shock response (hsp70 stress gene expression threshold). This species is less thermotolerant than its congener Palaemonetes varians, and would therefore potentially be more sensitive to an increase in environmental temperature, such as imposed by global warming. In P. elegans life cycle, physiological adjustments like the shift of the thermal limit and the acquisition of a significant HSR, occurred during the metamorphosis from larvae to post-larvae. This suggests that this step is a genetically-programmed milestone in the process of thermal tolerance acquisition.
Keywords: acclimation; Caridea; Development; heat stress; hsp70; thermal biology

Pollen limitation may be a common Allee effect in marine hydrophilous plants: implications for decline and recovery in seagrasses - B.I. Van Tussenbroek; L.M. Soissons; T.J. Bouma; R. Asmus; I. Auby; F.G. Brun; P.G. Cardoso; Nicolas Desroy; Jérôme Fournier; F. Ganthy; J.M. Garmendia; Laurent Godet; et al. (Oecologia, 2016)

Present-day African analogue of a pre-European Amazonian floodplain fishery shows convergence in cultural niche construction - McKey, Doyle B.; Durécu, Mélisse; Marc Pouilly; Bearez, Philippe; Ovando, Alex; Kalebe, Mashuta; Carl F. Huchzermeyer (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016)
Erickson [Erickson CL (2000) Nature 408 (6809):190–193] interpreted features in seasonal floodplains in Bolivia’s Beni savannas as vestiges of pre-European earthen fish weirs, postulating that they supported a productive, sustainable fishery that warranted cooperation in the construction and maintenance of perennial structures. His inferences were bold, because no close ethnographic analogues were known. A similar present-day Zambian fishery, documented here, appears strikingly convergent. The Zambian fishery supports Erickson’s key inferences about the pre-European fishery: It allows sustained high harvest levels; weir construction and operation require cooperation; and weirs are inherited across generations. However, our comparison suggests that the pre-European system may not have entailed intensive management, as Erickson postulated. The Zambian fishery’s sustainability is based on exploiting an assemblage dominated by species with life histories combining high fecundity, multiple reproductive cycles, and seasonal use of floodplains. As water rises, adults migrate from permanent watercourses into floodplains, through gaps in weirs, to feed and spawn. Juveniles grow and then migrate back to dry-season refuges as water falls. At that moment fishermen set traps in the gaps, harvesting large numbers of fish, mostly juveniles. In nature, most juveniles die during the first dry season, so that their harvest just before migration has limited impact on future populations, facilitating sustainability and the adoption of a fishery based on inherited perennial structures. South American floodplain fishes with similar life histories were the likely targets of the pre-European fishery. Convergence in floodplain fish strategies in these two regions in turn drove convergence in cultural niche construction.

Review of the Eulimnadia (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae) from Argentina with the description of a new species. - Marinone, María Cristina; Urcola, Juan Ignacio; Nicolas Rabet (Zootaxa, 2016)
A new spinicaudatan species, Eulimnadia pampa sp. nov., is described from Argentina mostly based on the differential egg morphology. This species was collected from rainwater pools from Buenos Aires City and the provinces of Buenos Aires and Entre Ríos, and compared to other Neotropical species. Previous Argentine record of E. brasiliensis is shown to belong to our new species, which represents the southernmost Neotropical Eulimnadia. We also present new records of the Paraguayan Eulimnadia ovisimilis Martin and Belk, 1989 from northeastern Argentina. Eulimnadia santiaguensis is treated as a species inquirenda, thus we recognize only three Eulimnadia species in Argentina: E. pampa sp. nov., E. ovilunata and E. ovisimilis, and we provide a brief indentification key. We present the first description and SEM images of the putative Eulimnadia spermatophore, which we found in the new species.