@article {3505, title = {Effects of subchronic exposure to glyphosate in juvenile oysters (Crassostrea gigas): From molecular to individual levels.}, journal = {Mar Pollut Bull}, year = {2015}, month = {2014 Oct 30}, abstract = {

Glyphosate-based herbicides are extensively used and can be measured in aquatic ecosystems, including coastal waters. The effect of glyphosate on non-target organisms is an issue of worldwide concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure to glyphosate in juvenile oysters, Crassostrea gigas. Yearling oysters were exposed to three concentrations of glyphosate (0.1, 1 and 100μgL(-1)) for 56days. Various endpoints were studied, from the individual level (e.g., gametogenesis and tissue alterations) to the molecular level (mRNA quantification), including biochemical endpoints such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase activities and malondialdehyde content. No mortality and growth occurred during the experiment, and individual biomarkers revealed only slight effects. The levels of gene expression significantly increased in oysters exposed to the highest glyphosate concentration (GST and metallothioneins) or to all concentrations (multi-xenobiotic resistance). These results suggested an activation of defence mechanisms at the molecular level.

}, issn = {1879-3363}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.026}, author = {Mottier, A and S{\'e}guin, Alexis and Devos, Alexandre and Le Pabic, C and Voiseux, C and Lebel, Jean-Marc and Antoine Serpentini and Fievet, B and Katherine Costil} } @article {3619, title = {Trace metal concentrations in post-hatching cuttlefish Sepia officinalis and consequences of dissolved zinc exposure.}, journal = {Aquat Toxicol}, volume = {159}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Feb}, pages = {23-35}, abstract = {

In this study, we investigated the changes of 13 trace metal and metalloid concentrations (i.e. Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Zn) and their subcellular fractionation in juvenile cuttlefish Sepia officinalis reared in controlled conditions between hatching and 2 months post-hatching. In parallel, metallothionein concentrations were determined. Our results highlighted contrasting changes of studied metals. Indeed, As and Fe concentrations measured in hatchlings suggested a maternal transfer of these elements in cuttlefish. The non-essential elements Ag and Cd presented the highest accumulation during our study, correlated with the digestive gland maturation. During the 6 first weeks of study, soluble fractions of most of essential trace metals (i.e. Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Se, Zn) slowly increased consistently with the progressive needs of cuttlefish metabolism during this period. In order to determine for the first time in a cephalopod how metal concentrations and their subcellular distributions are impacted when the animals are trace metal-exposed, we studied previously described parameters in juveniles exposed to dissolved Zn at environmental (i.e. 50 μg l(-1)) and sublethal (i.e. 200 μg l(-1)) levels. Moreover, oxidative stress (i.e. glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, and lipid peroxidation (LPO)) was assessed in digestive gland and gills after 1 and 2 months exposures. Our results highlighted no or low ability of this stage of life to regulate dissolved Zn accumulation during the studied period, consistently with high sensitivity of this organism. Notably, Zn exposures caused a concentration-dependent Mn depletion in juvenile cuttlefish, and an increase of soluble fraction of Ag, Cd, Cu without accumulation modifications, suggesting substitution of these elements (i.e. Mn, Ag, Cd, Cu) by Zn. In parallel, metallothionein concentrations decreased in individuals most exposed to Zn. Finally, no perturbations in oxidative stress management were detected in gills, whereas modifications of GST, SOD and catalase activity levels were recorded in digestive gland, resulting in an increase of LPO content after a 6-week exposure to low Zn concentration. Altogether, these perturbations are consistent with previously described high sensitivity of juvenile cuttlefish towards Zn. Our results underlined the need to study deeply contamination impact on this animal at this stage of life.

}, issn = {1879-1514}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.012}, author = {Le Pabic, C and Christelle Caplat and Lehodey Jean-Paul and Milinkovitch, Thomas and Sim{\'e}oni Koueta-Noussith{\'e} and Cosson, Richard Philippe and Paco Bustamante} } @article {3508, title = {Hemocyte morphology and phagocytic activity in the common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis).}, journal = {Fish Shellfish Immunol}, volume = {40}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Oct}, pages = {362-73}, abstract = {

Little is known about the immune system of cephalopods, in spite of their many highly derived characters within the molluscan clade, including a vertebrate-like high-pressure closed circulatory system. Further the economic importance of cephalopod fisheries, potential for aquaculture, and use as ecotoxicology models demand a thorough understanding of their immune system. In this study, we present a comprehensive characterization of hemocytes in the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. Cytological stainings, electron microscopy- and flow cytometry-observations highlight a single granulocyte population with various densities of eosinophilic granules and unstained vesicles. These hemocytes contain acid phosphatase-, lysozyme- and proPO system enzymes, and have high activity in bead phagocytosis assays. Interestingly, bead pre-incubation in plasma results in time-dependent aggregation perhaps resulting from hemocyanin-coating, and decrease in phagocytosis. This study provides the basis for understanding hemocyte-mediated immunity in the common cuttlefish, and essential background for future studies on cephalopod immunity.

}, issn = {1095-9947}, doi = {10.1016/j.fsi.2014.07.020}, author = {Le Pabic, C and Goux, Didier and Guillamin, Maryline and Safi, Georges and Jean-Marc Lebel and Sim{\'e}oni Koueta-Noussith{\'e} and Antoine Serpentini} } @article {3306, title = {Prophenoloxidase system, lysozyme and protease inhibitor distribution in the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis}, year = {2014}, author = {Le Pabic, C and Safi, Georges and Antoine Serpentini and Jean-Marc Lebel and Jean-Paul Robin and Sim{\'e}oni Koueta-Noussith{\'e}} }