@article {9469, title = {Socio-political acceptability of floating offshore wind farms in France: challenges and perspectives for marine governance towards sustainability}, journal = {Ocean \& Coastal Management}, volume = {236}, year = {2023}, month = {Jan-04-2023}, pages = {106513}, issn = {09645691}, doi = {10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106513}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0964569123000388}, author = {Fofack-Garcia, Rhoda and Maz{\'e}, Camille and Safi, Georges and Lejart, Morgane and Chauvac, Nathalie and Thermes, Maud and Ragueneau, Olivier and Le Loc{\textquoteright}h, Francois and Nathalie Niquil} } @article {8835, title = {The Response of North Sea Ecosystem Functional Groups to Warming and Changes in Fishing}, journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science}, volume = {9}, year = {2022}, month = {Apr-04-2022}, doi = {10.3389/fmars.2022.841909}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.841909/full}, author = {Thorpe, Robert B. and Arroyo, Nina L. and Safi, Georges and Nathalie Niquil and Preciado, Izaskun and Heath, Michael and Pace, Matthew C. and Lynam, Christopher P.} } @article {8147, title = {Impacts of climate change on the Bay of Seine ecosystem: Forcing a spatio-temporal trophic model with predictions from an ecological niche model}, journal = {Fisheries Oceanography}, volume = {30}, year = {2021}, month = {Jan-09-2021}, pages = {471 - 489}, issn = {1054-6006}, doi = {10.1111/fog.v30.510.1111/fog.12531}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/13652419/30/5}, author = {Bourdaud, Pierre and Ben Rais Lasram, Frida and Araignous, Emma and Champagnat, Juliette and Grusd, Samantha and Halouani, Ghassen and Hattab, Tarek and Leroy, Boris and Nogues, Quentin and Raoux, Aurore and Safi, Georges and Nathalie Niquil} } @article {7990, title = {A spatial food web model to investigate potential spillover effects of a fishery closure in an offshore wind farm}, journal = {Journal of Marine Systems}, volume = {212}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-12-2020}, pages = {103434}, issn = {09247963}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmarsys.2020.103434}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924796320301305}, author = {Halouani, Ghassen and Villanueva, Ching-Maria and Raoux, Aurore and Dauvin, Jean Claude and Ben Rais Lasram, Frida and Foucher, Eric and Le Loc{\textquoteright}h, Francois and Safi, Georges and Araignous, Emma and Jean-Paul Robin and Nathalie Niquil} } @article {Raoux2019728, title = {Measuring sensitivity of two OSPAR indicators for a coastal food web model under offshore wind farm construction}, journal = {Ecological Indicators}, volume = {96}, year = {2019}, note = {cited By 2}, pages = {728-738}, publisher = {Elsevier B.V.}, abstract = {A combination of modelling tools was applied to simulate the impacts of the future Courseulles-sur-mer offshore wind farm (OWF) construction (Bay of Seine, English Channel) on the ecosystem structure and functioning. To do so, food-web models of the ecosystem under three scenarios were constructed to investigate the effect caused by the OWF of added substrate (reef effect), fishing restriction (reserve effect), and their combined effect. Further, Ecological Network Analysis indices and Mean Trophic Level were derived to investigate their suitability for detecting changes in the ecosystem state. Our analysis suggests changes in the ecosystem structure and functioning after the OWF construction, the ecosystem maturity was predicted to increase, but no alterations in its overall resilience capacity. {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier Ltd}, keywords = {Barium compounds, Bay of Seine, coastal zone, Ecological network analysis, Ecopath with Ecosim, ecosystem function, ecosystem structure, Ecosystems, Electric utilities, English Channel, food web, France, in situ measurement, Marine environment, Marine renewable energy, measurement method, model, Offshore wind farms, Reefs, Reserve effect, sensitivity analysis, trophic level, wind farm}, issn = {1470160X}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.07.014}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1470160X1830534X}, author = {Raoux, Aurore and G{\'e}raldine Lassalle and Pezy, Jean-Philippe and Samuele Tecchio and Safi, Georges and Ernande, Bruno and Maz{\'e}, C. and Le Loc{\textquoteright}h, Francois and Lequesne, Justine and Girardin, Valerie and Jean-Claude Dauvin and Nathalie Niquil} } @article {Arroyo20191543, title = {Towards coherent GES assessments at sub-regional level: Signs of fisheries expansion processes in the Bay of Biscay using an OSPAR food web indicator, the mean trophic level}, journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science}, volume = {76}, number = {6}, year = {2019}, note = {cited By 1}, pages = {1543-1553}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, abstract = {Using the Bay of Biscay (BoB) as a case study, we conducted a transnational assessment of the mean trophic level (MTL, Ospar FW4) indicator at sub-regional level, over the last three decades. Our results confirm the apparent recovery of BoB{\textquoteright}s bentho-demersal system, as shown by trends in the MTL indicator based on survey data. However, they also point at a concomitant "fishing through" process where the apparent stability revealed by the MTL indicator based on landed catch data may be masking the expansion of demersal fisheries to deeper waters, and an over-exploitation of resources (particularly abundant pelagic species). Moreover, they show how the combined examination of independent surveys and fishery landings allows the identification of ecological trends in ecosystem studies. In addition, our results confirm that analysing MTL at various threshold levels helps discerning the causality of trends in this indicator, especially if analyses for pelagic and demersal species are run independently. Further studies, at smaller (i.e. local) spatial scales, need to be conducted to ascertain our results and suggest appropriate management strategies aimed at regulating fisheries expansions in the area. {\textcopyright} 2019 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 2019. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay, catch statistics, demersal fishery, food web, pelagic fishery, range expansion, trophic level, trophic status}, issn = {10543139}, doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsz023}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article-abstract/76/6/1543/5369193}, author = {Arroyo, N.-L. and Safi, Georges and Vouriot, P. and L{\'o}pez-L{\'o}pez, L. and Nathalie Niquil and Le Loc{\textquoteright}h, Francois and Hattab, Tarek and Preciado, I and Coll, M.} } @article {Safi2019116, title = {Vitamine ENA: A framework for the development of ecosystem-based indicators for decision makers}, journal = {Ocean and Coastal Management}, volume = {174}, year = {2019}, note = {cited By 5}, pages = {116-130}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, abstract = {The Water Framework Directive (article 2, paragraph 21) as well as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, Descriptor 4) stress the need for assessing the quality of the structure and the functioning of ecosystems. The MSFD also underlines the urgent need for development, testing, and validation of ecosystem state indicators. Holistic function-based criteria and indicators as provided by Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) could be used to define and assess the {\textquoteleft}Good Environmental Status{\textquoteright} of marine ecosystems. This approach also feeds Ecosystem Based Management (EBM). ENA generally analyses the fluxes{\textquoteright} quality of a single medium such as here the carbon fluxes in a food web and produces a number of useful metrics that indicate, inter alia, the total carbon flow through the system, the quality of the functioning of the system or the trophic efficiency of system. A short list of indices [i.e. Detritivory over Herbivory ratio (D/H), Connectance Index (CI), Transfer Efficiency (TE) over trophic levels, System Omnivory Index (SOI), Finn{\textquoteright}s Cycling Index (FCI), relative Redundancy (R/DC), Average Mutual Information (AMI) and Interaction Strength (IS)] is proposed for practical use. This paper presents a first framework for OSPAR Regional Sea Convention food web indicators based on ENA. These are presented here focusing on their applicability and what is needed for implementation, illustrating their potential use by case studies. {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd}, keywords = {Average mutual information, Carbon, Carbon flux, Criteria and indicators, Decision making, Ecological network analysis, ecosystem function, ecosystem management, ecosystem structure, Ecosystem-based management, Ecosystems, Efficiency, environmental indicator, Environmental management, Environmental regulations, food web, Good environmental status, holistic approach, Interaction strength, marine ecosystem, Marine pollution, Marine strategy framework directives, Water conservation, Water Framework Directives}, issn = {09645691}, doi = {10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.03.005}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S096456911830591X}, author = {Safi, Georges and Giebels, D. and Arroyo, N.-L. and Heymans, J.J. and Preciado, I and Raoux, Aurore and Sch{\"u}ckel, U. and Samuele Tecchio and de Jonge, V.N. and Nathalie Niquil} } @article {6665, title = {Digestive enzyme ratios are good indicators of hatchling yolk reserve and digestive gland maturation in early life stages of cuttlefish Sepia officinalis L.: application of these new tools in ecology and aquaculture}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology}, volume = {188}, year = {2018}, pages = {57-76}, abstract = {In Sepia officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758), the digestive gland matures during the first month post-hatching, while a shift from intracellular acid to extracellular alkaline digestion occurs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using enzymatic ratios for the description of digestive system maturation in early life stages of S. officinalis. Second, it is intended to apply these new tools as eco-physiological indicators for understanding the impact of cuttlefish eggs{\textquoteright} life history from different spawning sites of the English Channel on digestive performance of juveniles. An experimental rearing was performed over 35\ days after hatching (DAH) on juveniles from wild collected eggs in 2010 and 2011. Four digestive enzyme activities and their ratios [i.e., trypsin, cathepsin, acid (ACP), and alkaline (ALP) phosphatase, ALP/ACP, and trypsin/cathepsin] were studied along with histological features (e.g., internal yolk surface and digestive gland development). The two enzyme ratios were good indicators of digestive system maturation allowing the study of the digestive gland{\textquoteright}s development. They were highly correlated to juveniles{\textquoteright} weight increase and histological features of the gland in early DAH. These ratios described more accurately the shift occurring between the intracellular acid and the extracellular alkaline modes of digestion in S. officinalis and were more specific than separated enzyme activities. Their application as eco-physiological tools revealed that enzyme ratios reflected yolk content and digestive gland development in new hatching juveniles. Finally, ALP/ACP ratio was shown to be a powerful tool to describe growth performance of S. officinalis which is useful for aquaculture optimization. {\textcopyright} 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.}, keywords = {Acid Phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, anatomy and histology, animal, Animals, Aquaculture, cathepsin, Cathepsins, cuttlefish, Gastrointestinal Tract, Physiology, Sepia, Trypsin}, issn = {01741578}, doi = {10.1007/s00360-017-1115-4}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs00360-017-1115-4}, author = {Safi, Georges and Anne-Sophie Martinez and Le Pabic, Charles and Estelle Le Bihan and Jean-Paul Robin and Koueta, Noussith{\'e}} } @article {5038, title = {From species distributions to ecosystem structure and function: A methodological perspective}, journal = {ECOLOGICAL MODELLING}, volume = {334}, year = {2016}, month = {08/2016}, pages = {78-90}, abstract = {

{As species biology and ecology is profoundly influenced by climate, any climatic alteration may have severe consequences on marine pelagic ecosystems and their food webs. It remains challenging to estimate the influence of climate on both structural and functional properties of food webs. In this study, we proposed an innovative approach to assess the propagating effects of climate change on ecosystem food web. The approach is based on a sensitivity analysis of a food-web model, a linear inverse model using a Monte Carlo method coupled with a Markov Chain, in which changes in the values of parameters are driven by external Ecological Niche Model outputs. Our sensitivity analysis was restricted to parameters regarding a keystone functional group in marine ecosystems, i.e. small pelagic fish. At the ecosystem level, the consequences were evaluated using both structural and functional ecological network indices. The approach is innovative as it is the first time that these three methods were combined to assess ecological network indices sensitivity to future climatic pressure. This coupling method was applied on the French continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay for which a food-web model already exists and where future changes in the distribution of small pelagic fish have already been examined through model building and projections. In response to the sensitivity analysis corresponding to an increase in small pelagics production only, our results suggested a more active system with an intense plankton-small pelagics-seabirds chain and an efficient recycling to maximize detritus use in the system in relation with detritus export. All results combined together seemed to be in favor of a system adapting to sustain the tested increase in production of small pelagic planktivores. Finally, regarding the innovative combination of numerical tools presented, even if further investigations are still necessary to get a more realistic view of cumulative effects resulting from one given pressure (or more) on a food web (e.g. altering different biological compartments at the same time), the Ecological Network Analysis indices values showed a higher variability under the scenarios of change. Our study thus pointed out a promising methodology to assess propagating changes in structural and functional ecosystem properties. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}

}, issn = {{0304-3800}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.04.022}}, author = {Chaalali, Aur{\'e}lie and Gr{\'e}gory Beaugrand and Virginie Raybaud and G{\'e}raldine Lassalle and Saint-B{\'e}at, B and Le Loc{\textquoteright}h, Francois and Bopp, Laurent and Samuele Tecchio and Safi, Georges and Chifflet, Marina and Lobry, Jeremy and Nathalie Niquil} } @article {5048, title = {A new modeling approach to define marine ecosystems food-web status with uncertainty assessment}, journal = {Progress in Oceanography}, volume = {135}, year = {2015}, pages = {37{\textendash}47}, author = {Chaalali, Aur{\'e}lie and Saint-B{\'e}at, B and G{\'e}raldine Lassalle and Le Loc{\textquoteright}h, Francois and Samuele Tecchio and Safi, Georges and Savenkoff, Claude and Lobry, Jeremy and Nathalie Niquil} } @article {3900, title = {Stock structure of the {English} {Channel} common cuttlefish {Sepia} officinalis ({Linnaeus}, 1758) during the reproduction period}, journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom}, year = {2015}, pages = {1{\textendash}10}, abstract = {

Within the English Channel, the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis is a semelparous species for which a 2-year life cycle was
exclusively described in the 1980s. In the 1990s, new research indicated that whilst a 2-year life cycle was still evident for
females and the large majority of males, a small proportion of males were actually maturing at only 1 year of age. Since
1980, the interest of French and UK fishers for this resource has increased and it is nowadays one of the most important
demersal species of the area and is considered to be fully exploited. From the start of the 20th century, fishing effort
and sea surface temperatures have increased in the English Channel and have probably impacted the life history traits of
S. officinalis. A 2-year sampling programme was undertaken at French landing sites of the English Channel during the reproduction
season in 2010 and 2011 to estimate if the proportion of 1-year-old mature animals has changed. Age determination
was carried out by coupling polymodal decomposition and lipofuscin measurement. Size-at-maturity for each year and each
sex was estimated by fitting a binomial error GLM. Results highlight that a variable percentage of males and females belonging
to the first cohort are mature and that size-at-maturity was lower than that observed in the 1990s. Finally, different parameters,
such as temperature and fishing pressure are explored to discuss changes in life history traits suggesting that cuttlefish
could be an indicator of the temperature regime shift in the English Channel.

}, issn = {0025-3154, 1469-7769}, doi = {10.1017/S0025315415001162}, url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0025315415001162}, author = {Gras, Michael and Safi, Georges and Lebredonchel, Hugo and Quinquis, J{\'e}r{\^o}me and Foucher, Eric and Koueta, Noussith{\'e} and Jean-Paul Robin} } @article {3508, title = {Hemocyte morphology and phagocytic activity in the common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis).}, journal = {Fish Shellfish Immunol}, volume = {40}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Oct}, pages = {362-73}, abstract = {

Little is known about the immune system of cephalopods, in spite of their many highly derived characters within the molluscan clade, including a vertebrate-like high-pressure closed circulatory system. Further the economic importance of cephalopod fisheries, potential for aquaculture, and use as ecotoxicology models demand a thorough understanding of their immune system. In this study, we present a comprehensive characterization of hemocytes in the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. Cytological stainings, electron microscopy- and flow cytometry-observations highlight a single granulocyte population with various densities of eosinophilic granules and unstained vesicles. These hemocytes contain acid phosphatase-, lysozyme- and proPO system enzymes, and have high activity in bead phagocytosis assays. Interestingly, bead pre-incubation in plasma results in time-dependent aggregation perhaps resulting from hemocyanin-coating, and decrease in phagocytosis. This study provides the basis for understanding hemocyte-mediated immunity in the common cuttlefish, and essential background for future studies on cephalopod immunity.

}, issn = {1095-9947}, doi = {10.1016/j.fsi.2014.07.020}, author = {Le Pabic, C and Goux, Didier and Guillamin, Maryline and Safi, Georges and Jean-Marc Lebel and Sim{\'e}oni Koueta-Noussith{\'e} and Antoine Serpentini} } @article {3306, title = {Prophenoloxidase system, lysozyme and protease inhibitor distribution in the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis}, year = {2014}, author = {Le Pabic, C and Safi, Georges and Antoine Serpentini and Jean-Marc Lebel and Jean-Paul Robin and Sim{\'e}oni Koueta-Noussith{\'e}} }