@article {7132, title = {Origin and Evolution of the Neuroendocrine Control of Reproduction in Vertebrates, With Special Focus on Genome and Gene Duplications}, journal = {Physiological Reviews}, volume = {100}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-04-2020}, pages = {869 - 943}, issn = {0031-9333}, doi = {10.1152/physrev.00009.2019}, url = {https://journals.physiology.org/doi/10.1152/physrev.00009.2019}, author = {Sylvie Dufour and Qu{\'e}rat, Bruno and Tostivint, Herv{\'e} and Pasqualini, Catherine and Vaudry, Hubert and Rousseau, Karine} } @article {3631, title = {Looking for the bird Kiss: evolutionary scenario in sauropsids.}, journal = {BMC Evol Biol}, volume = {14}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, pages = {30}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: The neuropeptide Kiss and its receptor KissR are key-actors in the brain control of reproduction in mammals, where they are responsible for the stimulation of the activity of GnRH neurones. Investigation in other vertebrates revealed up to 3 Kiss and 4 KissR paralogs, originating from the two rounds of whole genome duplication in early vertebrates. In contrast, the absence of Kiss and KissR has been suggested in birds, as no homologs of these genes could be found in current genomic databases. This study aims at addressing the question of the existence, from an evolutionary perspective, of the Kisspeptin system in birds. It provides the first large-scale investigation of the Kisspeptin system in the sauropsid lineage, including ophidian, chelonian, crocodilian, and avian lineages.

RESULTS: Sauropsid Kiss and KissR genes were predicted from multiple genome and transcriptome databases by TBLASTN. Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses were performed to classify predicted sauropsid Kiss and KissR genes and to re-construct the evolutionary scenarios of both gene families across the sauropsid radiation.Genome search, phylogenetic and synteny analyses, demonstrated the presence of two Kiss genes (Kiss1 and Kiss2 types) and of two KissR genes (KissR1 and KissR4 types) in the sauropsid lineage. These four genes, also present in the mammalian lineage, would have been inherited from their common amniote ancestor. In contrast, synteny analyses supported that the other Kiss and KissR paralogs are missing in sauropsids as in mammals, indicating their absence in the amniote lineage. Among sauropsids, in the avian lineage, we demonstrated the existence of a Kiss2-like gene in three bird genomes. The divergence of these avian Kiss2-like sequences from those of other vertebrates, as well as their absence in the genomes of some other birds, revealed the processes of Kiss2 gene degeneration and loss in the avian lineage.

CONCLUSION: These findings contribute to trace back the evolutionary history of the Kisspeptin system in amniotes and sauropsids, and provide the first molecular evidence of the existence and fate of a Kiss gene in birds.

}, keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Avian Proteins, Biological Evolution, Birds, Humans, Kisspeptins, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Reptiles, Sequence Alignment, Synteny}, issn = {1471-2148}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2148-14-30}, author = {Pasquier, J{\'e}r{\'e}my and Anne-Gaelle Lafont and Karine Rousseau and Qu{\'e}rat, Bruno and Chemineau, Philippe and Sylvie Dufour} } @article {3636, title = {Multiple thyrotropin β-subunit and thyrotropin receptor-related genes arose during vertebrate evolution.}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, pages = {e111361}, abstract = {

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is composed of a specific β subunit and an α subunit that is shared with the two pituitary gonadotropins. The three β subunits derive from a common ancestral gene through two genome duplications (1R and 2R) that took place before the radiation of vertebrates. Analysis of genomic data from phylogenetically relevant species allowed us to identify an additional Tshβ subunit-related gene that was generated through 2R. This gene, named Tshβ2, present in cartilaginous fish, little skate and elephant shark, and in early lobe-finned fish, coelacanth and lungfish, was lost in ray-finned fish and tetrapods. The absence of a second type of TSH receptor (Tshr) gene in these species suggests that both TSHs act through the same receptor. A novel Tshβ sister gene, named Tshβ3, was generated through the third genomic duplication (3R) that occurred early in the teleost lineage. Tshβ3 is present in most teleost groups but was lostin tedraodontiforms. The 3R also generated a second Tshr, named Tshrb. Interestingly, the new Tshrb was translocated from its original chromosomic position after the emergence of eels and was then maintained in its new position. Tshrb was lost in tetraodontiforms and in ostariophysians including zebrafish although the latter species have two TSHs, suggesting that TSHRb may be dispensable. The tissue distribution of duplicated Tshβs and Tshrs was studied in the European eel. The endocrine thyrotropic function in the eel would be essentially mediated by the classical Tshβ and Tshra, which are mainly expressed in the pituitary and thyroid, respectively. Tshβ3 and Tshrb showed a similar distribution pattern in the brain, pituitary, ovary and adipose tissue, suggesting a possible paracrine/autocrine mode of action in these non-thyroidal tissues. Further studies will be needed to determine the binding specificity of the two receptors and how these two TSH systems are interrelated.

}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0111361}, author = {Gersende Maugars and Sylvie Dufour and Cohen-Tannoudji, Jo{\"e}lle and Qu{\'e}rat, Bruno} }