@article {8540,
	title = {A review of methods and indicators used to evaluate the ecological modifications generated by artificial structures on marine ecosystems},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
	volume = {310},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-05-2022},
	pages = {114646},
	issn = {03014797},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114646},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479722002195},
	author = {Taormina, Bastien and Pascal Claquin and Vivier, Baptiste and Navon, Maxine and Pezy, Jean-Philippe and Raoux, Aurore and Dauvin, Jean-Claude}
}
@article {8349,
	title = {Four-Year Temporal Study of an Intertidal Artificial Structure in the English Channel},
	journal = {Journal of Marine Science and Engineering},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-11-2021},
	pages = {1174},
	doi = {10.3390/jmse9111174},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/11/1174},
	author = {Dauvin, Jean-Claude and Deloor, Ma{\"e}l and Pezy, Jean-Philippe and Raoux, Aurore and Pascal Claquin and Foveau, Aur{\'e}lie}
}
@article {Raoux2019728,
	title = {Measuring sensitivity of two OSPAR indicators for a coastal food web model under offshore wind farm construction},
	journal = {Ecological Indicators},
	volume = {96},
	year = {2019},
	note = {cited By 2},
	pages = {728-738},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	abstract = {A combination of modelling tools was applied to simulate the impacts of the future Courseulles-sur-mer offshore wind farm (OWF) construction (Bay of Seine, English Channel) on the ecosystem structure and functioning. To do so, food-web models of the ecosystem under three scenarios were constructed to investigate the effect caused by the OWF of added substrate (reef effect), fishing restriction (reserve effect), and their combined effect. Further, Ecological Network Analysis indices and Mean Trophic Level were derived to investigate their suitability for detecting changes in the ecosystem state. Our analysis suggests changes in the ecosystem structure and functioning after the OWF construction, the ecosystem maturity was predicted to increase, but no alterations in its overall resilience capacity. {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier Ltd},
	keywords = {Barium compounds, Bay of Seine, coastal zone, Ecological network analysis, Ecopath with Ecosim, ecosystem function, ecosystem structure, Ecosystems, Electric utilities, English Channel, food web, France, in situ measurement, Marine environment, Marine renewable energy, measurement method, model, Offshore wind farms, Reefs, Reserve effect, sensitivity analysis, trophic level, wind farm},
	issn = {1470160X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.07.014},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1470160X1830534X},
	author = {Raoux, Aurore and G{\'e}raldine Lassalle and Pezy, Jean-Philippe and Samuele Tecchio and Safi, Georges and Ernande, Bruno and Maz{\'e}, C. and Le Loc{\textquoteright}h, Francois and Lequesne, Justine and Girardin, Valerie and Jean-Claude Dauvin and Nathalie Niquil}
}
@article {Raoux201811,
	title = {Assessing cumulative socio-ecological impacts of offshore wind farm development in the Bay of Seine (English Channel)},
	journal = {Marine Policy},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2018},
	note = {cited By 2},
	pages = {11-20},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	abstract = {As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) in Normandy. These OWFs will be integrated into an ecosystem already facing multiple anthropogenic disturbances. A holistic view of cumulated impacts (OWF construction, global warming and fisheries) were developed on the Courseulles-sur-Mer{\textquoteright} ecosystem through the use of a qualitative mathematical modelling approach. This modelling approach provides the mean to consider alternative hypotheses about how the ecosystem structure and function affects its dynamics. Alternative models were constructed to address the different hypotheses regarding the behaviour of top predator (whether the top predators will be scared away by the OWF or attracted by the reef effect), impacts of global warming and changes in fisheries activities. Key findings from these analyses are that the OWF construction could lead to an increase in benthos species and fish benthos feeders whatever the perturbation scenario, while the predicted response of top predators was ambiguous across all perturbation scenario. Qualitative modelling results can play a vital role in decision making by improving long term planning for the marine environment but also as a tool for communication with the public and so contribute to a better acceptability of the Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) project. {\textcopyright} 2017 Elsevier Ltd},
	keywords = {alternative energy, Bay of Seine, development project, ecological impact, ecosystem management, English Channel, environmental impact assessment, environmental planning, France, Marine environment, offshore structure, qualitative analysis, social impact, wind farm},
	issn = {0308597X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2017.12.007},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X1730444X},
	author = {Raoux, Aurore and Dambacher, J.M. and Pezy, Jean-Philippe and Maz{\'e}, C. and Jean-Claude Dauvin and Nathalie Niquil}
}
@article {5036,
	title = {Before-After analysis of the trophic network of an experimental dumping site in the eastern part of the Bay of Seine (English Channel)},
	journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2017},
	month = {05/2017},
	pages = {101-111},
	abstract = {<p class="rtejustify">An experimental study was conducted to assess the physical and biological impacts of muddy fine sand dredged material dumped on a medium sand site Machu offshore the Seine Estuary. Complementary trophic web modelling tools were applied to the Machu ecosystem to analyse the effects of dumping operations. Results show that, after the dumping operations, the biomass of fish increased while invertebrate biomass remained relatively stable through time. Nevertheless, the biomasses of benthic invertebrates, omnivores/scavengers and predators showed some increases, while non-selective deposit feeders and filter feeders decreased. At the ecosystem level, results show that the total ecosystem activity, the ascendency and the overall omnivorous character of the food-web structure increased after dumping operations, whereas recycling subsequently decreased. Finally, the fine and medium sand habitat offshore from the Seine estuary, which undergoes regular natural physical perturbations, shows a high resilience after a short dumping phase. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>
},
	issn = {{0025-326X}},
	doi = {{10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.042}},
	author = {Pezy, Jean-Philippe and Raoux, Aurore and Marmin, Stella and Balay, Pierre and Nathalie Niquil and Jean-Claude Dauvin}
}
@article {5037,
	title = {Benthic and fish aggregation inside an offshore wind farm: Which effects on the trophic web functioning?},
	journal = {Ecological indicators},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2017},
	month = {01/2017},
	pages = {33-46},
	abstract = {<p class="rtejustify">As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of three offshore wind farms in Normandy (Bay of Seine and eastern part of the English Channel, north-western France) in the next years. These offshore wind farms will be integrated into an ecosystem already facing multiple anthropogenic disturbances such as maritime transport, fisheries, oyster and mussel farming, and sediment dredging. Currently no integrated, ecosystem-based study on the effects of the construction and exploitation of offshore wind farms exists, where biological approaches generally focused on the conservation of some valuable species or groups of species. Complementary trophic web modelling tools were applied to the Bay of Seine ecosystem (to the 50 km(2) area covered by the wind farm) to analyse the potential impacts of benthos and fish aggregation caused by the introduction of additional hard substrates from the piles and the turbine scour protections. An Ecopath ecosystem model composed of 37 compartments, from phytoplankton to seabirds, was built to describe the situation {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}before{{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}} the construction of the wind farm. Then, an Ecosim projection over 30 years was performed after increasing the biomass of targeted benthic and fish compartments. Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) indices were calculated for the two periods, {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}before{{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}} and {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}after{{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}}, to compare network functioning and the overall structural properties of the food web. Our main results showed (1) that the total ecosystem activity, the overall system omnivory (proportion of generalist feeders), and the recycling increased after the construction of the wind farm; (2) that higher trophic levels such as piscivorous fish species, marine mammals, and seabirds responded positively to the aggregation of biomass on piles and turbine scour protections; and (3) a change in keystone groups after the construction towards more structuring and dominant compartments. Nonetheless, these changes could be considered as limited impacts of the wind farm installation on this coastal trophic web structure and functioning. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>
},
	issn = {{1470-160X}},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.07.037},
	author = {Raoux, Aurore and Samuele Tecchio and Pezy, Jean-Philippe and G{\'e}raldine Lassalle and Degraer, Steven and Wilhelmsson, Dan and Cachera, Marie and Ernande, Bruno and Le Guen, Camille and Haraldsson, Matilda and Karine Granger{\'e} and Le Loc{\textquoteright}h, Francois and Dauvin, Jean-Claude and Nathalie Niquil}
}
