@article {9138, title = {How ocean warming and acidification affect the life cycle of six worldwide commercialised sea urchin species: A review}, journal = {Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries}, year = {2023}, month = {Jul-04-2023}, abstract = {Ongoing global changes are expected to affect the worldwide production of many fisheries and aquaculture systems. Because invertebrates represent a relevant industry, it is crucial to anticipate challenges that are resulting from the current environmental alterations. In this review, we rely on the estimated physiological limits of six commercialised species of sea urchins (Loxechinus albus, Mesocentrotus franciscanus, Paracentrotus lividus, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, Strongylocentrotus\  intermedius and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) to define the vulnerability (or resilience) of their populations facing ocean warming and acidification (OW\&A). Considering that coastal systems do not change uniformly and that the populations{\textquoteright} response to stressors varies depending on their origin, we investigate the effects of OW\&A by including studies that estimate future environmental mutations within their distribution areas. Crossreferencing 79 studies, we find that several sea urchin populations are potentially vulnerable to the predicted OW\&A as environmental conditions in certain regions are expected to shift beyond their estimated physiological limit of tolerance. Specifically, while upper thermal thresholds seem to be respected for L. albus along the SW American coast, M. franciscanus and S. purpuratus southern populations appear to be vulnerable in NW America. Moreover, as a result of the strong warming expected in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions, the local productivity of S. droebachiensis is also potentially largely affected. Finally, populations of S. intermedius and P. lividus found in northern Japan and eastern Mediterranean respectively, are supposed to decline due to large environmental changes brought about by OW\&A. This review highlights the status and the potential of local adaptation of a number of sea urchin populations in response to changing environmental conditions, revealing possible future challenges for various local fishing industries.}, keywords = {Aquaculture, ecophysiology, fishery, Ocean acidification, ocean warming, sea urchin}, issn = {2693-8847}, doi = {10.1002/aff2.107}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aff2.107}, author = {Uboldi, Thomas and Olivier, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Chauvaud, Laurent and Tremblay, Rejean} } @article {6916, title = {An integrated investigation of the effects of ocean acidification on adult abalone (Haliotis tuberculata)}, journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science}, volume = {77}, year = {2020}, month = {Sep-01-2020}, pages = {757 - 772}, type = {research article}, abstract = {Ocean acidification (OA) and its subsequent changes in seawater carbonate chemistry are threatening the survival of calcifying organisms.Due to their use of calcium carbonate to build their shells, marine molluscs are particularly vulnerable. This study investigated the effect of CO2-induced OA on adult European abalone (Haliotis tuberculata) using a multi-parameter approach. Biological (survival, growth), physiological (pHT of haemolymph, phagocytosis, metabolism, gene expression), and structural responses (shell strength, nano-indentation measurements,Scanning electron microscopy imaging of microstructure) were evaluated throughout a 5-month exposure to ambient (8.0) and low (7.7) pH conditions. During the first 2 months, the haemolymph pH was reduced, indicating that abalone do not compensate for the pH decrease of their internal fluid. Overall metabolism and immune status were not affected, suggesting that abalone maintain their vital functions when facing OA. However, after 4 months of exposure, adverse effects on shell growth, calcification, microstructure, and resistance were highlighted, whereas the haemolymph pH was compensated. Significant reduction in shell mechanical properties was revealed at pH 7.7, suggesting that OA altered the biomineral architecture leading to a more fragile shell. It is concluded that under lower pH, abalone metabolism is maintained at a cost to growth and shell integrity. This may impact both abalone ecology and aquaculture.}, keywords = {Abalone, calcification, Gene Expression, Growth, mechanical properties, Ocean acidification, Physiology, shell microstructure}, issn = {1054-3139}, doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsz257}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/77/2/757/5699268}, author = {Avignon, Sol{\`e}ne and St{\'e}phanie Auzoux-Bordenave and Martin, Sophie and Dubois, Philippe and Badou, Aicha and Coheleach, Manon and Richard, Nicolas and Di Giglio, Sarah and Malet, Lo{\"\i}c and Servili, Arianna and Gaillard, Fanny and Huchette, Sylvain and Roussel, Sabine} } @article {6915, title = {Ocean acidification impacts growth and shell mineralization in juvenile abalone (Haliotis tuberculata)}, journal = {Marine Biology}, volume = {167}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-01-2020}, type = {research article}, abstract = {Ocean acidification is a major global driver that leads to substantial changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, with potentially serious consequences for calcifying organisms. Marine shelled molluscs are ecologically and economically important species, providing essential ecosystem services and food sources for other species. Due to their physiological characteristics and their use of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to build their shells, molluscs are among the most vulnerable invertebrates with regard to ocean acidification, with early developmental stages being particularly sensitive to pH changes. This study investigated the effects of CO2-induced ocean acidification on juveniles of the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, a commercially important gastropod species. Six-month-old juvenile abalones were cultured for 3 months at four pH levels (8.1, 7.8, 7.7, 7.6) representing current and predicted near-future conditions. Survival, growth, shell microstructure, thickness and strength were compared across the four pH treatments. After three months of exposure, significant reductions in juvenile shell length, weight and strength were revealed in the pH 7.6 treatment. SEM observations also revealed modified texture and porosity of the shell mineral layers as well as alterations of the periostracum at pH 7.6 which was the only treatment with an aragonite saturation state below 1. It is concluded that low pH induces both general effects on growth mechanisms and corrosion of deposited shell in H. tuberculata.
This will impact both the ecological role of this species and the costs of its aquaculture.}, keywords = {Abalone, Growth, Juvenile, Ocean acidification, Shell mineralization}, issn = {0025-3162}, doi = {10.1007/s00227-019-3623-0}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00227-019-3623-0}, author = {St{\'e}phanie Auzoux-Bordenave and Wessel, Nathalie and Badou, Aicha and Martin, Sophie and M{\textquoteright}Zoudi, Saloua and Avignon, Sol{\`e}ne and Roussel, Sabine and Huchette, Sylvain and Dubois, Philippe} } @article {5619, title = {Effect of CO2{\textendash}induced ocean acidification on the early development and shell mineralization of the European abalone (Haliotis tuberculata)}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology}, volume = {508}, year = {2018}, pages = {52 - 63}, abstract = {

Ocean acidification is a major global stressor that leads to substantial changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, with potentially significant consequences for calcifying organisms. Marine shelled mollusks are ecologically and economically important species providing essential ecosystem services and food sources for other species. Because they use calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to produce their shells, mollusks are among the most vulnerable invertebrates to ocean acidification, with early developmental stages being particularly sensitive to pH changes. This study investigated the effects of CO2-induced ocean acidification on larval development of the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, a commercially important gastropod species. Abalone larvae were exposed to a range of reduced pHs (8.0, 7.7 and 7.6) over the course of their development cycle, from early-hatched trochophore to pre-metamorphic veliger. Biological responses were evaluated by measuring the survival rate, morphology and development, growth rate and shell calcification. Larval survival was significantly lower in acidified conditions than in control conditions. Similarly, larval size was consistently smaller under low pH conditions. Larval development was also affected, with evidence of a developmental delay and an increase in the proportion of malformed or unshelled larvae. In shelled larvae, the intensity of birefringence decreased under low pH conditions, suggesting a reduction in shell mineralization. Since these biological effects were observed for pH values expected by 2100, ocean acidification may have potentially negative consequences for larval recruitment and persistence of abalone populations in the near future.

}, keywords = {Abalone, larval development, Ocean acidification, Shell mineralization}, issn = {0022-0981}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.08.005}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098117304070}, author = {Nathalie Wessel and Sophie Martin and Badou, Aicha and Philippe Dubois and Sylvain Huchette and Vivien Julia and Flavia Nunes and Ewan Harney and Christine Paillard and St{\'e}phanie Auzoux-Bordenave} }