@article {5818,
	title = {{Marine biological shifts and climate}},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
	volume = {281},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {20133350},
	abstract = {<p>Phenological, biogeographic and community shifts are among the reported responses of marine ecosystems and their species to climate change. However, despite both the profound consequences for ecosystem functioning and ser- vices, our understanding of the root causes underlying these biological changes remains rudimentary. Here, we show that a significant proportion of the responses of species and communities to climate change are determinis- tic at some emergent spatio-temporal scales, enabling testable predictions and more accurate projections of future changes.We propose a theory based on the concept of the ecological niche to connect phenological, biogeographic and long-term community shifts. The theory explains approximately 70{\%} of the phenological and biogeographic shifts of a key zooplankton Calanus finmarch- icus in the North Atlantic and approximately 56{\%} of the long-term shifts in copepods observed in the North Sea during the period 1958{\textendash}2009.</p>
},
	keywords = {environmental science},
	issn = {1471-2954},
	author = {Gr{\'e}gory Beaugrand and Goberville, Eric and Christophe Luczak and Richard R Kirby}
}
