@article {5827,
	title = {{Early evaluation of coastal nutrient over-enrichment: New procedures and indicators}},
	journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {1751{\textendash}1761},
	abstract = {<p>Recent studies have provided compelling evidence for an accelerated anthropogenic impact on coastal systems, resulting in intense inputs of materials and nutrients from the continent. This has led scientists and policymakers to encourage the implementation of monitoring programmes, which have resulted in the multiplicity of datasets. However surprisingly, only a few attempts have been made to couple observations with statistical and mathematical tools to detect, as soon as the data become available perturbations in coastal systems. Here, we propose new mathematical procedures to evaluate the state of a system, based on the building of relative reference state and indicators of nutrient over-enrichment. The techniques were tested in some French coastal systems using data from the programme SOMLIT. Applied to this dataset, the multivariate procedures rapidly identified and evaluated anthropogenic nutrient anomalies from the continent on three sites (Wimereux, Roscoff and Villefranche-sur-Mer) from 1997 onwards. {\textcopyright} 2011 Elsevier Ltd.</p>
},
	keywords = {Indicators, Monitoring, Multivariate statistical analyses, Nutrient over-enrichment, Relative reference states, SOMLIT},
	author = {Goberville, Eric and Gr{\'e}gory Beaugrand and Benoit Sautour and Paul Tr{\'e}guer}
}
@article {5828,
	title = {{Evaluation of coastal perturbations: A new mathematical procedure to detect changes in the reference state of coastal systems}},
	journal = {Ecological Indicators},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {1290{\textendash}1300},
	abstract = {<p>The pressure exerted by human activities on living systems has become so intense that it is inspiring the inception of a global network of monitoring of the biosphere and the use of robust statistical procedures to detect potential changes. Here, we propose a new multivariate non-parametric procedure, based on the Mahalanobis generalised distance and a simplification of the multiple response permutation procedure to identify rapidly changes in any natural systems. The procedure can be virtually coupled on all monitoring programmes and is not influenced by missing data, a common feature found in many ecological databases. In France, physical, chemical and biological variability of coastal waters have been monitored since 1997 by the SOMLIT Network. Applied to this data set, this technique enabled a first quantification of the impacts of human disturbance through changes in the concentration of nutrients. Our results revealed how climate may interact with anthropogenic pressure to alter coastal marine systems and suggest a synergism between nutrient enrichment, human activities and local climatic conditions. Indeed some effects of climate (e.g. insolation duration - increase in duration of daylight) may attenuate the fertility of coastal systems, while some others (e.g. precipitation) amplify the human signals. {\textcopyright} 2011 Elsevier Ltd.</p>
},
	keywords = {Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, Climate Change, Coastal systems, Monitoring, SOMLIT},
	issn = {1470160X},
	author = {Goberville, Eric and Gr{\'e}gory Beaugrand and Benoit Sautour and Paul Tr{\'e}guer}
}
