@article {LeGuen2019,
	title = {Assessing the ecological status of an estuarine ecosystem: linking biodiversity and food-web indicators},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {228},
	year = {2019},
	note = {cited By 0},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	abstract = {During the last decades, the highly-anthropized Seine estuary has been impacted by modification of its habitats (building of a major extension of Le Havre harbour, i.e. Port2000) and a significant natural decrease in freshwater discharge. A Before/After analysis, using a toolbox of indicators, was applied to characterize the effects of both events on the estuarine ecosystem status. We selected from existing tool boxes several indicators derived from food web modelling or community composition data, such as biodiversity indicators, a guild-based index (i.e. Estuarine and Lagoon Fish Index ELFI) and ecological network analysis (ENA) indices. ENA and biodiversity indicators were applied on six spatial boxes describing the Seine estuary and its outlet. Results showed an increase in taxonomic and functional richness over time, mainly due to marinisation, and significant changes in food-web properties in relation to Port2000. ENA indices appeared as a promising method in ecological status assessment, especially for estuaries considered as inherently disturbed. {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd},
	keywords = {Biodiversity, bioindicator, community composition, ecological approach, ecological modeling, ecosystem function, ecosystem health, environmental assessment, estuarine ecosystem, food web, France, habitat management, health status, human activity, Le Havre, Normandie, Seine Estuary, Seine Maritime},
	issn = {02727714},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106339},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272771419300484},
	author = {Le Guen, Camille and Samuele Tecchio and Jean-Claude Dauvin and De Roton, G. and Lobry, Jeremy and Lepage, Mario and Morin, Jocelyne and G{\'e}raldine Lassalle and Raoux, Aurore and Nathalie Niquil}
}
@article {Chevillot2019473,
	title = {Global Changes Jeopardize the Trophic Carrying Capacity and Functioning of Estuarine Ecosystems},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {22},
	number = {3},
	year = {2019},
	note = {cited By 2},
	pages = {473-495},
	publisher = {Springer New York LLC},
	abstract = {At the interface between terrestrial and marine biomes, estuaries display high ecological productivity and provide goods and services to humans. Associated with many ecological functions, they are nursery, refuge, and growing areas for many species fish. These ecological functions and services depend on both their ecological production and trophic carrying capacity and the durability of food web functioning. These transitional key habitats undergo both strong anthropogenic pressures and climatic influences that impact the structure and dynamics of estuarine biodiversity. In this context, we explore, here, three decades of the Gironde estuary ecosystem history to detect the food web{\textquoteright}s response to global changes-induced effect on biodiversity. At least two Ecological Abrupt Shifts associated with deep modifications in the biodiversity at most trophic levels have been documented for this particular ecosystem. Three food web models were thus calibrated, one for each of the three periods discriminated by the two shifts that occurred at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 2000s. Results highlighted that the ecotrophic efficiency estimate for subtidal macrofauna and shrimps reached the maximum possible values during the last period. This could mean that the Gironde estuary fully reached its trophic carrying capacity due to a food limitation especially for benthos demersal fish. We also observed a significant decrease in some food web indicators (such as Average Mutual Information, System Omnivory Index, and Average Path Length) usually associated with ecosystem stress, suggesting a significant impact of global change on the Gironde estuary ecosystem health and questioning the sustainability of the ecological functions associated with this ecosystem. {\textcopyright} 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.},
	keywords = {benthos, carrying capacity, demersal fish, ecosystem function, ecosystem health, food limitation, food web, France, Gironde Estuary, Global change, network analysis, trophic environment},
	issn = {14329840},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-018-0282-9},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10021-018-0282-9},
	author = {Chevillot, X. and Tecchio, S. and Chaalali, A. and Lassalle, G. and Selleslagh, J. and Castelnaud, G. and David, V. and Guy Bachelet and Nathalie Niquil and Benoit Sautour and Lobry, J.}
}
@article {Raoux2019728,
	title = {Measuring sensitivity of two OSPAR indicators for a coastal food web model under offshore wind farm construction},
	journal = {Ecological Indicators},
	volume = {96},
	year = {2019},
	note = {cited By 2},
	pages = {728-738},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	abstract = {A combination of modelling tools was applied to simulate the impacts of the future Courseulles-sur-mer offshore wind farm (OWF) construction (Bay of Seine, English Channel) on the ecosystem structure and functioning. To do so, food-web models of the ecosystem under three scenarios were constructed to investigate the effect caused by the OWF of added substrate (reef effect), fishing restriction (reserve effect), and their combined effect. Further, Ecological Network Analysis indices and Mean Trophic Level were derived to investigate their suitability for detecting changes in the ecosystem state. Our analysis suggests changes in the ecosystem structure and functioning after the OWF construction, the ecosystem maturity was predicted to increase, but no alterations in its overall resilience capacity. {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier Ltd},
	keywords = {Barium compounds, Bay of Seine, coastal zone, Ecological network analysis, Ecopath with Ecosim, ecosystem function, ecosystem structure, Ecosystems, Electric utilities, English Channel, food web, France, in situ measurement, Marine environment, Marine renewable energy, measurement method, model, Offshore wind farms, Reefs, Reserve effect, sensitivity analysis, trophic level, wind farm},
	issn = {1470160X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.07.014},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1470160X1830534X},
	author = {Raoux, Aurore and G{\'e}raldine Lassalle and Pezy, Jean-Philippe and Samuele Tecchio and Safi, Georges and Ernande, Bruno and Maz{\'e}, C. and Le Loc{\textquoteright}h, Francois and Lequesne, Justine and Girardin, Valerie and Jean-Claude Dauvin and Nathalie Niquil}
}
@article {Meddeb201967,
	title = {A new type of plankton food web functioning in coastal waters revealed by coupling Monte Carlo Markov chain linear inverse method and ecological network analysis},
	journal = {Ecological Indicators},
	volume = {104},
	year = {2019},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {67-85},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	abstract = {Plankton food webs (PFW) typology is based on different categories of functioning, according to the dominant processes and the role played by heterotrophic bacteria, small vs large phytoplankton, and small vs large zooplankton. Investigating the structure and the function of planktonic food webs in two SW Mediterranean waters (inshore and marine sites) at four seasons, using inverse (LIM-MCMC) and ecological network (ENA) analyses, we identified a new type of food web, called the {\textquotedblleft}bacterial multivorous food web{\textquotedblright}. This food web adds to the conventional trophic continuum as previously reported. The {\textquotedblleft}bacterial multivorous food web{\textquotedblright} present in winter showed the lowest primary production among seasons, but highest bacterial production. Several food web ratios characterized this new typology e.g. picophytoplankton net primary production to total primary production varied from 0.20 to 0.28; bacterial to primary production ratio is higher than values reported in global scale (≅1); bacterial net production to the potential protozoan prey net production was high (\&gt;0.2). In this special food web, carbon was mostly recycled, with a moderate fraction channeled to deep waters, which lead to a higher retention of carbon inside the ecosystem. This winter PFW also seemed to be the most organized, specialized, stable and mature, as related to common interpretations of ENA. The spring was characterized by herbivorous food web, with highest activity coinciding with low stability. Although less usual, the herbivorous pathway was also observed during summer, in inshore waters. The autumn food webs, which functioned as multivorous or microbial food webs, appeared to be stable and mature. Finally, our study demonstrates the usefulness of food web models derived ratios combined with ecological network analysis indices to conduct evaluation of the structure and functioning of ecosystems and potentially to support management decisions in marine environment. {\textcopyright} 2019},
	keywords = {Bacteria (microorganisms), bacterium, Carbon, Chemical contamination, coastal water, Coastal waters, ecological modeling, Ecology, ecosystem function, Ecosystems, Electric network analysis, Food microbiology, food web, Food web model, Food webs, inverse analysis, Inverse problems, Markov chain, Markov processes, Mediterranean sea, Monte Carlo analysis, Monte Carlo methods, net primary production, network analysis, Phytoplankton, picoplankton, Plankton, Protozoa, protozoan, Seasonal variation, trophic status, Trophic structure},
	issn = {1470160X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.04.077},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1470160X19303243},
	author = {Meddeb, M. and Nathalie Niquil and Grami, B. and Mejri, K. and Haraldsson, M. and Chaalali, A. and Pringault, O. and Hlaili, A.S.}
}
@article {Safi2019116,
	title = {Vitamine ENA: A framework for the development of ecosystem-based indicators for decision makers},
	journal = {Ocean and Coastal Management},
	volume = {174},
	year = {2019},
	note = {cited By 5},
	pages = {116-130},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	abstract = {The Water Framework Directive (article 2, paragraph 21) as well as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, Descriptor 4) stress the need for assessing the quality of the structure and the functioning of ecosystems. The MSFD also underlines the urgent need for development, testing, and validation of ecosystem state indicators. Holistic function-based criteria and indicators as provided by Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) could be used to define and assess the {\textquoteleft}Good Environmental Status{\textquoteright} of marine ecosystems. This approach also feeds Ecosystem Based Management (EBM). ENA generally analyses the fluxes{\textquoteright} quality of a single medium such as here the carbon fluxes in a food web and produces a number of useful metrics that indicate, inter alia, the total carbon flow through the system, the quality of the functioning of the system or the trophic efficiency of system. A short list of indices [i.e. Detritivory over Herbivory ratio (D/H), Connectance Index (CI), Transfer Efficiency (TE) over trophic levels, System Omnivory Index (SOI), Finn{\textquoteright}s Cycling Index (FCI), relative Redundancy (R/DC), Average Mutual Information (AMI) and Interaction Strength (IS)] is proposed for practical use. This paper presents a first framework for OSPAR Regional Sea Convention food web indicators based on ENA. These are presented here focusing on their applicability and what is needed for implementation, illustrating their potential use by case studies. {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd},
	keywords = {Average mutual information, Carbon, Carbon flux, Criteria and indicators, Decision making, Ecological network analysis, ecosystem function, ecosystem management, ecosystem structure, Ecosystem-based management, Ecosystems, Efficiency, environmental indicator, Environmental management, Environmental regulations, food web, Good environmental status, holistic approach, Interaction strength, marine ecosystem, Marine pollution, Marine strategy framework directives, Water conservation, Water Framework Directives},
	issn = {09645691},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.03.005},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S096456911830591X},
	author = {Safi, Georges and Giebels, D. and Arroyo, N.-L. and Heymans, J.J. and Preciado, I and Raoux, Aurore and Sch{\"u}ckel, U. and Samuele Tecchio and de Jonge, V.N. and Nathalie Niquil}
}
@article {Meddeb201866,
	title = {Plankton food-web functioning in anthropogenically impacted coastal waters (SW Mediterranean Sea): An ecological network analysis},
	journal = {Progress in Oceanography},
	volume = {162},
	year = {2018},
	note = {cited By 4},
	pages = {66-82},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	abstract = {The study is the first attempt to (i) model spring food webs in three SW Mediterranean ecosystems which are under different anthropogenic pressures and (ii) to project the consequence of this stress on their function. Linear inverse models were built using the Monte Carlo method coupled with Markov Chains to characterize the food-web status of the Lagoon, the Channel (inshore waters under high eutrophication and chemical contamination) and the Bay of Bizerte (offshore waters under less anthropogenic pressure). Ecological network analysis was used for the description of structural and functional properties of each food web and for inter-ecosystem comparisons. Our results showed that more carbon was produced by phytoplankton in the inshore waters (966{\textendash}1234 mg C m-2 d-1) compared to the Bay (727 mg C m-2 d-1). The total ecosystem carbon inputs into the three food webs was supported by high primary production, which was mainly due to \&gt;10 {\textmu}m algae. However, the three carbon pathways were characterized by low detritivory and a high herbivory which was mainly assigned to protozooplankton. This latter was efficient in channelling biogenic carbon. In the Lagoon and the Channel, foods webs acted almost as a multivorous structure with a tendency towards herbivorous one, whereas in the Bay the herbivorous pathway was more dominant. Ecological indices revealed that the Lagoon and the Channel food webs/systems had high total system throughput and thus were more active than the Bay. The Bay food web, which had a high relative ascendency value, was more organized and specialized. This inter{\textendash}ecosystem difference could be due to the varying levels of anthropogenic impact among sites. Indeed, the low value of Finn{\textquoteright}s cycling index indicated that the three systems are disturbed, but the Lagoon and the Channel, with low average path lengths, appeared to be more stressed, as both sites have undergone higher chemical pollution and nutrient loading. This study shows that ecosystem models combined with ecological indices provide a powerful approach to detect change in environmental status and anthropogenic impacts. {\textcopyright} 2018},
	keywords = {Algae, anthropogenic effect, Anthropogenic impacts, Anthropogenic pressures, Bizerte, Bizerte Bay, Chemical analysis, Chemical contamination, coastal water, community structure, Ecological network analysis, Ecology, ecosystem function, ecosystem modeling, Ecosystems, eutrophication, food web, Food webs, Functional properties, Inverse problems, Lakes, Linear inverse models, Markov processes, Mediterranean coastal waters, Mediterranean ecosystem, Mediterranean sea, Monte Carlo methods, network analysis, Phytoplankton, Plankton, primary production, Tunisia, Zooplankton},
	issn = {00796611},
	doi = {10.1016/j.pocean.2018.02.013},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0079661117300782},
	author = {Meddeb, M. and Grami, B. and Chaalali, A. and Haraldsson, M. and Nathalie Niquil and Pringault, O. and Sakka Hlaili, A.}
}
