@article {Fath20191,
	title = {Ecological network analysis metrics: The need for an entire ecosystem approach in management and policy},
	journal = {Ocean and Coastal Management},
	volume = {174},
	year = {2019},
	note = {cited By 8},
	pages = {1-14},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	abstract = {In this paper, we identified seven ecological network analysis (ENA) metrics that, in our opinion, have high potential to provide useful and practical information for environmental decision-makers and stakeholders. Measurement and quantification of the network indicators requires that an ecosystem level assessment is implemented. The ENA metrics convey the status of the ecological system state variables, and mostly, the flows and relations between the various nodes of the network. The seven metrics are: 1) Average Path Length (APL), 2) Finn Cycling Index (FCI), 3) Mean Trophic level (MTL), 4) Detritivory to Herbivory ratio (D:H), 5) Keystoneness, 6) Structural Information (SI), and 7) Flow-based Information indices. The procedure for calculating each metric is detailed along with a short evaluation of their potential assessment of environmental status. {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd},
	keywords = {coastal zone, Cycling, Decision making, ecological approach, Ecological network analysis, ecosystem approach, ecosystem management, Ecosystems, environmental policy, food web, Food webs, Marine and coastal environments, Marine environment, network analysis, policy implementation, stakeholder, Trophic length},
	issn = {09645691},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.03.007},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0964569118305969},
	author = {Fath, B.D. and H Asmus and R. Asmus and Baird, D. and Borrett, S.R. and de Jonge, V.N. and Ludovisi, A. and Nathalie Niquil and Scharler, U.M. and Sch{\"u}ckel, U. and Wolff, M.}
}
@article {Chevillot2019473,
	title = {Global Changes Jeopardize the Trophic Carrying Capacity and Functioning of Estuarine Ecosystems},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {22},
	number = {3},
	year = {2019},
	note = {cited By 2},
	pages = {473-495},
	publisher = {Springer New York LLC},
	abstract = {At the interface between terrestrial and marine biomes, estuaries display high ecological productivity and provide goods and services to humans. Associated with many ecological functions, they are nursery, refuge, and growing areas for many species fish. These ecological functions and services depend on both their ecological production and trophic carrying capacity and the durability of food web functioning. These transitional key habitats undergo both strong anthropogenic pressures and climatic influences that impact the structure and dynamics of estuarine biodiversity. In this context, we explore, here, three decades of the Gironde estuary ecosystem history to detect the food web{\textquoteright}s response to global changes-induced effect on biodiversity. At least two Ecological Abrupt Shifts associated with deep modifications in the biodiversity at most trophic levels have been documented for this particular ecosystem. Three food web models were thus calibrated, one for each of the three periods discriminated by the two shifts that occurred at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 2000s. Results highlighted that the ecotrophic efficiency estimate for subtidal macrofauna and shrimps reached the maximum possible values during the last period. This could mean that the Gironde estuary fully reached its trophic carrying capacity due to a food limitation especially for benthos demersal fish. We also observed a significant decrease in some food web indicators (such as Average Mutual Information, System Omnivory Index, and Average Path Length) usually associated with ecosystem stress, suggesting a significant impact of global change on the Gironde estuary ecosystem health and questioning the sustainability of the ecological functions associated with this ecosystem. {\textcopyright} 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.},
	keywords = {benthos, carrying capacity, demersal fish, ecosystem function, ecosystem health, food limitation, food web, France, Gironde Estuary, Global change, network analysis, trophic environment},
	issn = {14329840},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-018-0282-9},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10021-018-0282-9},
	author = {Chevillot, X. and Tecchio, S. and Chaalali, A. and Lassalle, G. and Selleslagh, J. and Castelnaud, G. and David, V. and Guy Bachelet and Nathalie Niquil and Benoit Sautour and Lobry, J.}
}
@article {Meddeb201967,
	title = {A new type of plankton food web functioning in coastal waters revealed by coupling Monte Carlo Markov chain linear inverse method and ecological network analysis},
	journal = {Ecological Indicators},
	volume = {104},
	year = {2019},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {67-85},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	abstract = {Plankton food webs (PFW) typology is based on different categories of functioning, according to the dominant processes and the role played by heterotrophic bacteria, small vs large phytoplankton, and small vs large zooplankton. Investigating the structure and the function of planktonic food webs in two SW Mediterranean waters (inshore and marine sites) at four seasons, using inverse (LIM-MCMC) and ecological network (ENA) analyses, we identified a new type of food web, called the {\textquotedblleft}bacterial multivorous food web{\textquotedblright}. This food web adds to the conventional trophic continuum as previously reported. The {\textquotedblleft}bacterial multivorous food web{\textquotedblright} present in winter showed the lowest primary production among seasons, but highest bacterial production. Several food web ratios characterized this new typology e.g. picophytoplankton net primary production to total primary production varied from 0.20 to 0.28; bacterial to primary production ratio is higher than values reported in global scale (≅1); bacterial net production to the potential protozoan prey net production was high (\&gt;0.2). In this special food web, carbon was mostly recycled, with a moderate fraction channeled to deep waters, which lead to a higher retention of carbon inside the ecosystem. This winter PFW also seemed to be the most organized, specialized, stable and mature, as related to common interpretations of ENA. The spring was characterized by herbivorous food web, with highest activity coinciding with low stability. Although less usual, the herbivorous pathway was also observed during summer, in inshore waters. The autumn food webs, which functioned as multivorous or microbial food webs, appeared to be stable and mature. Finally, our study demonstrates the usefulness of food web models derived ratios combined with ecological network analysis indices to conduct evaluation of the structure and functioning of ecosystems and potentially to support management decisions in marine environment. {\textcopyright} 2019},
	keywords = {Bacteria (microorganisms), bacterium, Carbon, Chemical contamination, coastal water, Coastal waters, ecological modeling, Ecology, ecosystem function, Ecosystems, Electric network analysis, Food microbiology, food web, Food web model, Food webs, inverse analysis, Inverse problems, Markov chain, Markov processes, Mediterranean sea, Monte Carlo analysis, Monte Carlo methods, net primary production, network analysis, Phytoplankton, picoplankton, Plankton, Protozoa, protozoan, Seasonal variation, trophic status, Trophic structure},
	issn = {1470160X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.04.077},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1470160X19303243},
	author = {Meddeb, M. and Nathalie Niquil and Grami, B. and Mejri, K. and Haraldsson, M. and Chaalali, A. and Pringault, O. and Hlaili, A.S.}
}
@article {Meddeb201866,
	title = {Plankton food-web functioning in anthropogenically impacted coastal waters (SW Mediterranean Sea): An ecological network analysis},
	journal = {Progress in Oceanography},
	volume = {162},
	year = {2018},
	note = {cited By 4},
	pages = {66-82},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	abstract = {The study is the first attempt to (i) model spring food webs in three SW Mediterranean ecosystems which are under different anthropogenic pressures and (ii) to project the consequence of this stress on their function. Linear inverse models were built using the Monte Carlo method coupled with Markov Chains to characterize the food-web status of the Lagoon, the Channel (inshore waters under high eutrophication and chemical contamination) and the Bay of Bizerte (offshore waters under less anthropogenic pressure). Ecological network analysis was used for the description of structural and functional properties of each food web and for inter-ecosystem comparisons. Our results showed that more carbon was produced by phytoplankton in the inshore waters (966{\textendash}1234 mg C m-2 d-1) compared to the Bay (727 mg C m-2 d-1). The total ecosystem carbon inputs into the three food webs was supported by high primary production, which was mainly due to \&gt;10 {\textmu}m algae. However, the three carbon pathways were characterized by low detritivory and a high herbivory which was mainly assigned to protozooplankton. This latter was efficient in channelling biogenic carbon. In the Lagoon and the Channel, foods webs acted almost as a multivorous structure with a tendency towards herbivorous one, whereas in the Bay the herbivorous pathway was more dominant. Ecological indices revealed that the Lagoon and the Channel food webs/systems had high total system throughput and thus were more active than the Bay. The Bay food web, which had a high relative ascendency value, was more organized and specialized. This inter{\textendash}ecosystem difference could be due to the varying levels of anthropogenic impact among sites. Indeed, the low value of Finn{\textquoteright}s cycling index indicated that the three systems are disturbed, but the Lagoon and the Channel, with low average path lengths, appeared to be more stressed, as both sites have undergone higher chemical pollution and nutrient loading. This study shows that ecosystem models combined with ecological indices provide a powerful approach to detect change in environmental status and anthropogenic impacts. {\textcopyright} 2018},
	keywords = {Algae, anthropogenic effect, Anthropogenic impacts, Anthropogenic pressures, Bizerte, Bizerte Bay, Chemical analysis, Chemical contamination, coastal water, community structure, Ecological network analysis, Ecology, ecosystem function, ecosystem modeling, Ecosystems, eutrophication, food web, Food webs, Functional properties, Inverse problems, Lakes, Linear inverse models, Markov processes, Mediterranean coastal waters, Mediterranean ecosystem, Mediterranean sea, Monte Carlo methods, network analysis, Phytoplankton, Plankton, primary production, Tunisia, Zooplankton},
	issn = {00796611},
	doi = {10.1016/j.pocean.2018.02.013},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0079661117300782},
	author = {Meddeb, M. and Grami, B. and Chaalali, A. and Haraldsson, M. and Nathalie Niquil and Pringault, O. and Sakka Hlaili, A.}
}
