@article {7091,
	title = {Isotopic analyses, a good tool to validate models in the context of Marine Renewable Energy development and cumulative impacts},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {237},
	year = {2020},
	abstract = {As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) constructions in the next decades. An integrated ecosystem approach of two future OWF sites of the Eastern English Channel (Courseulles-sur-mer and Dieppe-Le Tr{\'e}port) was developed to model the marine ecosystems before the OWF implementation. Such ecosystem models allow simulating the possible reef and reserve effects associated to the presence of the farm, and to character the overall changes in the food-web functioning. This holistic view of OWF effects could be replicated on other sites and form the basis of an ecosystem based management of marine renewable energies. However, to use these models for management purpose, they need to be validated. In order to do so, stable isotope ratios of nitrogen were used for determining the accuracy of the effective trophic levels computed in these two models. Results showed that trophic levels estimated by the two models were consistent with the trophic levels estimated by the independent isotopic data. In the context of OWF development and cumulative impacts analysis, this step of validation of the models is essential for developing their use by management actors and policy makers. {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier Ltd},
	keywords = {alternative energy, detection method, Dieppe, Ecopath with Ecosim, ecosystem approach, English Channel, food web, France, Isotopic nitrogen analysis, marine ecosystem, model validation, Normandie, Offshore wind farm, policy making, Seine Maritime, trophic level, wind farm},
	issn = {02727714 (ISSN)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106690},
	author = {Raoux, A. and Pezy, J.-P. and Ernande, B. and Nathalie Niquil and Dauvin, J.-C. and Granger{\'e}, K.}
}
@article {Fath20191,
	title = {Ecological network analysis metrics: The need for an entire ecosystem approach in management and policy},
	journal = {Ocean and Coastal Management},
	volume = {174},
	year = {2019},
	note = {cited By 8},
	pages = {1-14},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	abstract = {In this paper, we identified seven ecological network analysis (ENA) metrics that, in our opinion, have high potential to provide useful and practical information for environmental decision-makers and stakeholders. Measurement and quantification of the network indicators requires that an ecosystem level assessment is implemented. The ENA metrics convey the status of the ecological system state variables, and mostly, the flows and relations between the various nodes of the network. The seven metrics are: 1) Average Path Length (APL), 2) Finn Cycling Index (FCI), 3) Mean Trophic level (MTL), 4) Detritivory to Herbivory ratio (D:H), 5) Keystoneness, 6) Structural Information (SI), and 7) Flow-based Information indices. The procedure for calculating each metric is detailed along with a short evaluation of their potential assessment of environmental status. {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd},
	keywords = {coastal zone, Cycling, Decision making, ecological approach, Ecological network analysis, ecosystem approach, ecosystem management, Ecosystems, environmental policy, food web, Food webs, Marine and coastal environments, Marine environment, network analysis, policy implementation, stakeholder, Trophic length},
	issn = {09645691},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.03.007},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0964569118305969},
	author = {Fath, B.D. and H Asmus and R. Asmus and Baird, D. and Borrett, S.R. and de Jonge, V.N. and Ludovisi, A. and Nathalie Niquil and Scharler, U.M. and Sch{\"u}ckel, U. and Wolff, M.}
}
@article {Tam20172040,
	title = {Towards ecosystem-based management: Identifying operational food-web indicators for marine ecosystems},
	journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},
	volume = {74},
	number = {7},
	year = {2017},
	note = {cited By 25},
	pages = {2040-2052},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	abstract = {Modern approaches to Ecosystem-Based Management and sustainable use of marine resources must account for the myriad of pressures (interspecies, human and environmental) affecting marine ecosystems. The network of feeding interactions between co-existing species and populations (food webs) are an important aspect of all marine ecosystems and biodiversity. Here we describe and discuss a process to evaluate the selection of operational food-web indicators for use in evaluating marine ecosystem status. This process brought together experts in food-web ecology, marine ecology, and resource management, to identify available indicators that can be used to inform marine management. Standard evaluation criteria (availability and quality of data, conceptual basis, communicability, relevancy to management) were implemented to identify practical food-web indicators ready for operational use and indicators that hold promise for future use in policy and management. The major attributes of the final suite of operational food-web indicators were structure and functioning. Indicators that represent resilience of the marine ecosystem were less developed. Over 60 potential food-web indicators were evaluated and the final selection of operational food-web indicators includes: the primary production required to sustain a fishery, the productivity of seabirds (or charismatic megafauna), zooplankton indicators, primary productivity, integrated trophic indicators, and the biomass of trophic guilds. More efforts should be made to develop thresholds-based reference points for achieving Good Environmental Status. There is also a need for international collaborations to develop indicators that will facilitate management in marine ecosystems used by multiple countries. {\textcopyright} 2017 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Biomass, coexistence, ecosystem approach, ecosystem management, ecosystem resilience, environmental assessment, environmental indicator, food web, marine ecosystem, primary production, strategic approach, trophic status},
	issn = {10543139},
	doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsw230},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article-abstract/74/7/2040/2970046},
	author = {Tam, J.C. and Link, J.S. and Rossberg, A.G. and Rogers, S.I. and Levin, P.S. and Rochet, M.-J. and Bundy, A. and Belgrano, A. and Libralato, S. and Maciej Tomasz Tomczak and Van De Wolfshaar, K. and Pranovi, F. and Gorokhova, E. and Large, S.I. and Nathalie Niquil and Greenstreet, S.P.R. and Druon, J.-N. and Lesutiene, J. and Johansen, M. and Preciado, I. and Patricio, J. and Palialexis, A. and Tett, P. and Johansen, G.O. and Houle, J. and Rindorf, A.}
}
