@article {7089,
	title = {How to model social-ecological systems? {\textendash} A case study on the effects of a future offshore wind farm on the local society and ecosystem, and whether social compensation matters},
	journal = {Marine Policy},
	volume = {119},
	year = {2020},
	abstract = {Models of social-ecological systems (SES) are acknowledged as an important tool to understand human-nature relations. However, many SES models fail to integrate adequate information from both the human and ecological subsystems. With an example model of a future Offshore Wind Farm development and its effects on both the ecosystem and local human population, we illustrate a method facilitating a {\textquotedblleft}balanced{\textquotedblright} SES model, in terms of including information from both subsystems. We use qualitative mathematical modeling, which allows to quickly analyze the structure and dynamics of a system without including quantitative data, and therefore to compare alternative system structures based on different understandings of how the system works. By including similar number of system variables in the two subsystems, we balanced the complexity between them. Our analyses show that this complexity is important in order to predict indirect and sometimes counterintuitive effects. We also highlight some conceptually important questions concerning social compensations during developmental projects in general, and wind farms in particular. Our results suggest that the more project holders get involved in various manner in the local socio-ecological system, the more society will benefit as a whole. Increased involvement through e.g. new projects or job-opportunities around the windfarm has the capacity to offset the negative effects of the windfarm on the local community. These benefits are enhanced when there is an overall acceptance and appropriation of the project. We suggest this method as a tool to support the decision-making process and to facilitate discussions between stakeholders, especially among local communities. {\textcopyright} The Authors},
	keywords = {Acceptance, comparative study, Complexity, Decision making, development project, Eastern English channel, environmental impact assessment, future prospect, local participation, Network, numerical model, offshore structure, participatory approach, Perception, Qualitative modeling, quantitative analysis, Renewable energy, social impact assessment, stakeholder, wind farm},
	issn = {0308597X (ISSN)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104031},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085318224\&doi=10.1016\%2fj.marpol.2020.104031\&partnerID=40\&md5=9e69340af6d591878af0f943cd4bc347},
	author = {Haraldsson, M. and Raoux, A. and Riera, F. and Hay, J. and Dambacher, J.M. and Nathalie Niquil}
}
@article {Raoux201811,
	title = {Assessing cumulative socio-ecological impacts of offshore wind farm development in the Bay of Seine (English Channel)},
	journal = {Marine Policy},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2018},
	note = {cited By 2},
	pages = {11-20},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	abstract = {As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) in Normandy. These OWFs will be integrated into an ecosystem already facing multiple anthropogenic disturbances. A holistic view of cumulated impacts (OWF construction, global warming and fisheries) were developed on the Courseulles-sur-Mer{\textquoteright} ecosystem through the use of a qualitative mathematical modelling approach. This modelling approach provides the mean to consider alternative hypotheses about how the ecosystem structure and function affects its dynamics. Alternative models were constructed to address the different hypotheses regarding the behaviour of top predator (whether the top predators will be scared away by the OWF or attracted by the reef effect), impacts of global warming and changes in fisheries activities. Key findings from these analyses are that the OWF construction could lead to an increase in benthos species and fish benthos feeders whatever the perturbation scenario, while the predicted response of top predators was ambiguous across all perturbation scenario. Qualitative modelling results can play a vital role in decision making by improving long term planning for the marine environment but also as a tool for communication with the public and so contribute to a better acceptability of the Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) project. {\textcopyright} 2017 Elsevier Ltd},
	keywords = {alternative energy, Bay of Seine, development project, ecological impact, ecosystem management, English Channel, environmental impact assessment, environmental planning, France, Marine environment, offshore structure, qualitative analysis, social impact, wind farm},
	issn = {0308597X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2017.12.007},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X1730444X},
	author = {Raoux, Aurore and Dambacher, J.M. and Pezy, Jean-Philippe and Maz{\'e}, C. and Jean-Claude Dauvin and Nathalie Niquil}
}
