@article {Fath20191,
	title = {Ecological network analysis metrics: The need for an entire ecosystem approach in management and policy},
	journal = {Ocean and Coastal Management},
	volume = {174},
	year = {2019},
	note = {cited By 8},
	pages = {1-14},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	abstract = {In this paper, we identified seven ecological network analysis (ENA) metrics that, in our opinion, have high potential to provide useful and practical information for environmental decision-makers and stakeholders. Measurement and quantification of the network indicators requires that an ecosystem level assessment is implemented. The ENA metrics convey the status of the ecological system state variables, and mostly, the flows and relations between the various nodes of the network. The seven metrics are: 1) Average Path Length (APL), 2) Finn Cycling Index (FCI), 3) Mean Trophic level (MTL), 4) Detritivory to Herbivory ratio (D:H), 5) Keystoneness, 6) Structural Information (SI), and 7) Flow-based Information indices. The procedure for calculating each metric is detailed along with a short evaluation of their potential assessment of environmental status. {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd},
	keywords = {coastal zone, Cycling, Decision making, ecological approach, Ecological network analysis, ecosystem approach, ecosystem management, Ecosystems, environmental policy, food web, Food webs, Marine and coastal environments, Marine environment, network analysis, policy implementation, stakeholder, Trophic length},
	issn = {09645691},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.03.007},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0964569118305969},
	author = {Fath, B.D. and H Asmus and R. Asmus and Baird, D. and Borrett, S.R. and de Jonge, V.N. and Ludovisi, A. and Nathalie Niquil and Scharler, U.M. and Sch{\"u}ckel, U. and Wolff, M.}
}
@article {Safi2019116,
	title = {Vitamine ENA: A framework for the development of ecosystem-based indicators for decision makers},
	journal = {Ocean and Coastal Management},
	volume = {174},
	year = {2019},
	note = {cited By 5},
	pages = {116-130},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	abstract = {The Water Framework Directive (article 2, paragraph 21) as well as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, Descriptor 4) stress the need for assessing the quality of the structure and the functioning of ecosystems. The MSFD also underlines the urgent need for development, testing, and validation of ecosystem state indicators. Holistic function-based criteria and indicators as provided by Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) could be used to define and assess the {\textquoteleft}Good Environmental Status{\textquoteright} of marine ecosystems. This approach also feeds Ecosystem Based Management (EBM). ENA generally analyses the fluxes{\textquoteright} quality of a single medium such as here the carbon fluxes in a food web and produces a number of useful metrics that indicate, inter alia, the total carbon flow through the system, the quality of the functioning of the system or the trophic efficiency of system. A short list of indices [i.e. Detritivory over Herbivory ratio (D/H), Connectance Index (CI), Transfer Efficiency (TE) over trophic levels, System Omnivory Index (SOI), Finn{\textquoteright}s Cycling Index (FCI), relative Redundancy (R/DC), Average Mutual Information (AMI) and Interaction Strength (IS)] is proposed for practical use. This paper presents a first framework for OSPAR Regional Sea Convention food web indicators based on ENA. These are presented here focusing on their applicability and what is needed for implementation, illustrating their potential use by case studies. {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd},
	keywords = {Average mutual information, Carbon, Carbon flux, Criteria and indicators, Decision making, Ecological network analysis, ecosystem function, ecosystem management, ecosystem structure, Ecosystem-based management, Ecosystems, Efficiency, environmental indicator, Environmental management, Environmental regulations, food web, Good environmental status, holistic approach, Interaction strength, marine ecosystem, Marine pollution, Marine strategy framework directives, Water conservation, Water Framework Directives},
	issn = {09645691},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.03.005},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S096456911830591X},
	author = {Safi, Georges and Giebels, D. and Arroyo, N.-L. and Heymans, J.J. and Preciado, I and Raoux, Aurore and Sch{\"u}ckel, U. and Samuele Tecchio and de Jonge, V.N. and Nathalie Niquil}
}
@article {Raoux201811,
	title = {Assessing cumulative socio-ecological impacts of offshore wind farm development in the Bay of Seine (English Channel)},
	journal = {Marine Policy},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2018},
	note = {cited By 2},
	pages = {11-20},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	abstract = {As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) in Normandy. These OWFs will be integrated into an ecosystem already facing multiple anthropogenic disturbances. A holistic view of cumulated impacts (OWF construction, global warming and fisheries) were developed on the Courseulles-sur-Mer{\textquoteright} ecosystem through the use of a qualitative mathematical modelling approach. This modelling approach provides the mean to consider alternative hypotheses about how the ecosystem structure and function affects its dynamics. Alternative models were constructed to address the different hypotheses regarding the behaviour of top predator (whether the top predators will be scared away by the OWF or attracted by the reef effect), impacts of global warming and changes in fisheries activities. Key findings from these analyses are that the OWF construction could lead to an increase in benthos species and fish benthos feeders whatever the perturbation scenario, while the predicted response of top predators was ambiguous across all perturbation scenario. Qualitative modelling results can play a vital role in decision making by improving long term planning for the marine environment but also as a tool for communication with the public and so contribute to a better acceptability of the Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) project. {\textcopyright} 2017 Elsevier Ltd},
	keywords = {alternative energy, Bay of Seine, development project, ecological impact, ecosystem management, English Channel, environmental impact assessment, environmental planning, France, Marine environment, offshore structure, qualitative analysis, social impact, wind farm},
	issn = {0308597X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2017.12.007},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X1730444X},
	author = {Raoux, Aurore and Dambacher, J.M. and Pezy, Jean-Philippe and Maz{\'e}, C. and Jean-Claude Dauvin and Nathalie Niquil}
}
@article {Tam20172040,
	title = {Towards ecosystem-based management: Identifying operational food-web indicators for marine ecosystems},
	journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},
	volume = {74},
	number = {7},
	year = {2017},
	note = {cited By 25},
	pages = {2040-2052},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	abstract = {Modern approaches to Ecosystem-Based Management and sustainable use of marine resources must account for the myriad of pressures (interspecies, human and environmental) affecting marine ecosystems. The network of feeding interactions between co-existing species and populations (food webs) are an important aspect of all marine ecosystems and biodiversity. Here we describe and discuss a process to evaluate the selection of operational food-web indicators for use in evaluating marine ecosystem status. This process brought together experts in food-web ecology, marine ecology, and resource management, to identify available indicators that can be used to inform marine management. Standard evaluation criteria (availability and quality of data, conceptual basis, communicability, relevancy to management) were implemented to identify practical food-web indicators ready for operational use and indicators that hold promise for future use in policy and management. The major attributes of the final suite of operational food-web indicators were structure and functioning. Indicators that represent resilience of the marine ecosystem were less developed. Over 60 potential food-web indicators were evaluated and the final selection of operational food-web indicators includes: the primary production required to sustain a fishery, the productivity of seabirds (or charismatic megafauna), zooplankton indicators, primary productivity, integrated trophic indicators, and the biomass of trophic guilds. More efforts should be made to develop thresholds-based reference points for achieving Good Environmental Status. There is also a need for international collaborations to develop indicators that will facilitate management in marine ecosystems used by multiple countries. {\textcopyright} 2017 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Biomass, coexistence, ecosystem approach, ecosystem management, ecosystem resilience, environmental assessment, environmental indicator, food web, marine ecosystem, primary production, strategic approach, trophic status},
	issn = {10543139},
	doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsw230},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article-abstract/74/7/2040/2970046},
	author = {Tam, J.C. and Link, J.S. and Rossberg, A.G. and Rogers, S.I. and Levin, P.S. and Rochet, M.-J. and Bundy, A. and Belgrano, A. and Libralato, S. and Maciej Tomasz Tomczak and Van De Wolfshaar, K. and Pranovi, F. and Gorokhova, E. and Large, S.I. and Nathalie Niquil and Greenstreet, S.P.R. and Druon, J.-N. and Lesutiene, J. and Johansen, M. and Preciado, I. and Patricio, J. and Palialexis, A. and Tett, P. and Johansen, G.O. and Houle, J. and Rindorf, A.}
}
@article {Lassale_etal2013,
	title = {{Combining quantitative and qualitative models to identify functional groups for monitoring changes in the Bay of Biscay continental shelf exploited foodweb}},
	journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},
	volume = {71},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {105{\textendash}117},
	abstract = {<p class="rtejustify">To develop and implement ecosystem-based management, it is critical to monitor foodweb components or functional groups which are robust to uncertainty in ecosystem structure and functioning yet sensitive to changes. To select such functional groups for the Bay of Biscay continental shelf, both quantitative and qualitative foodweb models were developed. First, functional groups for which predictions of directions of change following an increase in primary productivity, prey or predators, or in fishing activities were identical across alternative qualitative model structures were identified. Second, the robustness to model type was assessed by comparing qualitative predictions with quantitative Ecopath model results. The demersal fish community was identified as a sensitive and robust indicator for monitoring foodweb ecological status in the Bay of Biscay. The present study also suggested the potential antagonistic effects of alternative management measures on small pelagic fish and highlighted the need for the joint management of all pressures.</p>
},
	keywords = {comparative studies, ecosystem management, foodweb, loop analysis, Northeast Atlantic continental shelf},
	doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fst107},
	author = {G{\'e}raldine Lassalle and Nelva Pasqual, J-S and Bo{\"e}t, P and Rochet, M J and Trenkel, V M and Nathalie Niquil}
}
