@article {4418,
	title = {Regulation of Hox orthologues in the oyster Crassostrea gigas evidences a functional role for promoter DNA methylation in an invertebrate.},
	journal = {FEBS Lett},
	volume = {589},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Jun 4},
	pages = {1459-66},
	abstract = {<p>DNA methylation within promoter regions (PRDM) controls vertebrate early gene transcription and thereby development, but is neglected outside this group. However, epigenetic features in the oyster Crassostrea gigas suggest functional significance of PDRM in invertebrates. To investigate this, reporter constructs containing in vitro methylated oyster Hox gene promoters were transfected into oyster embryos. The influence of in vivo methylation was studied using bisulfite sequencing and DNA methyltransferase inhibition during development. Our results demonstrate that methylation controls the transcriptional activity of the promoters investigated, unraveling a functional role for PRDM in a lophotrochozoan, an important finding regarding the evolution of epigenetic regulation.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Azacitidine, CHO Cells, Crassostrea, Cricetinae, Cricetulus, DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase, DNA Methylation, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Enzyme Inhibitors, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Homeodomain Proteins, Invertebrates, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Transfection},
	issn = {1873-3468},
	doi = {10.1016/j.febslet.2015.04.043},
	author = {Saint-Carlier, Emma and Guillaume Rivi{\`e}re}
}
@article {3511,
	title = {Effects of acute exposures to mecoprop, mecoprop-p and their biodegradation product (2-MCP) on the larval stages of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas.},
	journal = {Aquat Toxicol},
	volume = {146},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Jan},
	pages = {165-75},
	abstract = {<p>Studies have shown that pesticides are sometimes detected at rather high levels in seawater and it has been suggested that these chemical compounds could act as additional stress factor for oysters cultured in coastal environments. The effects of pesticides on marine molluscs could be particularly harmful in the early stages which correspond to critical life stages. This study aimed to assess the effects of mecoprop, mecoprop-p and their degradation compound 2-methyl-4-chlorophenol on two larval stages of Crassostrea gigas. Embryotoxic effects were assessed on veliger larvae after 36 h exposures, and both percentages of normal larvae and types of abnormalities were taken into account. The effects of the three substances were evaluated on 21-day-old pediveliger larvae by calculating metamorphosis rates after 24h exposures. The results of the embryotoxicity assay indicated that 2-methyl-4-chlorophenol was more toxic (EC50: 10.81 mg L(-1)) than its parent compounds (EC50 mecoprop: 42.55 mg L(-1); EC50 mecoprop-p: 78.85 mg L(-1)). Mecoprop in particular injured shell formation with an increase of shell abnormalities following herbicide concentrations. The active substances were not toxic to metamorphosis processes, but 2-MCP was revealed to be more toxic to the success of metamorphosis (EC50: 7.20 mg L(-1)) than to embryo-larval development. However, the toxic concentrations were several orders of magnitude higher than environmental concentrations.</p>
},
	keywords = {2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid, Animals, Chlorophenols, Crassostrea, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Larva, Metamorphosis, Biological, Water Pollutants, Chemical},
	issn = {1879-1514},
	doi = {10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.11.008},
	author = {Mottier, A and Kientz-Bouchart, Val{\'e}rie and Dubreule, Christelle and Antoine Serpentini and Jean-Marc Lebel and Katherine Costil}
}
