@article {9333, title = {Aluminium-based galvanic anode impacts the photosynthesis of microphytobenthos and supports the bioaccumulation of metals released.}, journal = {Aquat Toxicol}, volume = {258}, year = {2023}, month = {2023 May}, pages = {106501}, abstract = {

Very few studies have looked at the potential biological effects of degradation products of galvanic anodes particularly on primary producers which are central to food webs in marine ecosystems. The galvanic anode cathodic protection system (GACP) is widely used to protect submerged metallic structures from corrosion. Aluminium (Al) and zinc (Zn) are the main constituents of galvanic anodes and are therefore released in the marine environment by oxidation process to form ions or oxy-hydroxides. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of the metals released from an aluminium-based galvanic anode on microphytobenthos performance in term of biofilm growing through the analysis of photosynthetic parameters, the determination of chlorophyll and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The bioaccumulation of Al and Zn were measured in the microphytobenthic compartment collected at the surface of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plates exposed during 13 days to seawaters enriched in different concentrations of metals released from dissolution of one anode. Determination of bioconcentration factors confirmed that the microphytobenthos has incorporated Al. A significative effect was observed on the Chl a concentration for the higher tested concentration ([Al]\ =\ 210.1\ {\textpm}\ 60.2\ {\textmu}g L\ \ ; [Zn]\ =\ 20.2\ {\textpm}\ 1.4\ {\textmu}g L\ \ ). The seawater exposed to the anode affected the MPB productivity (ETRII) with consequences on acclimatation light (Ek), absorption cross section of PSII (σ), F/F and NPQ. Regarding the EPS production, the anode degradation presented an impact on high and low molecular weight of both carbohydrates and protein fractions of microphytobenthos suggesting that EPS play an essential role in sequestering metal contaminants to maintain the integrity of the biological membranes and the functionality of the cellular organelles. The accumulation of Al released by GACP in microphytobenthos cells could lead to physiologic problems in photosynthetic organisms.

}, keywords = {Aluminum, Bioaccumulation, Ecosystem, Electrodes, Photosynthesis, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Zinc}, issn = {1879-1514}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106501}, author = {Levallois, Alexandre and Vivier, Baptiste and Caplat, Christelle and Goux, Didier and Orvain, Francis and Lebel, Jean-Marc and Claquin, Pascal and Chasselin, L{\'e}o and Basuyaux, Olivier and Serpentini, Antoine} } @article {3512, title = {Assessment of cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties of four antidepressants on primary cultures of abalone hemocytes (Haliotis tuberculata).}, journal = {Aquat Toxicol}, volume = {153}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Aug}, pages = {3-11}, abstract = {

Pharmaceutical compounds like antidepressants found in surface waters raise concerns due to their potential toxicity on non-target aquatic organisms. This study aimed at investigating the in vitro cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory properties of four common antidepressants, namely Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Citalopram and Paroxetine, on primary cultures of abalone hemocytes (Haliotis tuberculata), after 48 h-exposure. Effects on immunocompetence (phagocytosis, levels of reactive oxygen species, esterase activity and lysosomal membrane destabilization) were assessed. Results obtained by MTT assays revealed that acute toxicity is unlikely to occur in the environment since the LC50s of the four antidepressants are at the mg/L level. The different immunological endpoints displayed a biphasic response, with an increase at the lowest concentration (i.e. 1 μg/L) followed by a decrease at higher concentrations. Overall, Amitriptyline and Clomipramine, the two tricyclic antidepressants, had higher immunomodulatory capacities than the two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Citalopram and Paroxetine. Amitriptyline was the most potent and Citalopram the least potent drug in altering immune function in H. tuberculata.

}, keywords = {Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Enzyme Activation, Esterases, Gastropoda, Hemocytes, Immunity, Innate, Lethal Dose 50, Phagocytosis, Reactive Oxygen Species, Water Pollutants, Chemical}, issn = {1879-1514}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.020}, author = {Minguez, Laetitia and Halm-Lemeille, Marie-Pierre and Katherine Costil and Bureau, Ronan and Jean-Marc Lebel and Antoine Serpentini} } @article {3511, title = {Effects of acute exposures to mecoprop, mecoprop-p and their biodegradation product (2-MCP) on the larval stages of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas.}, journal = {Aquat Toxicol}, volume = {146}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Jan}, pages = {165-75}, abstract = {

Studies have shown that pesticides are sometimes detected at rather high levels in seawater and it has been suggested that these chemical compounds could act as additional stress factor for oysters cultured in coastal environments. The effects of pesticides on marine molluscs could be particularly harmful in the early stages which correspond to critical life stages. This study aimed to assess the effects of mecoprop, mecoprop-p and their degradation compound 2-methyl-4-chlorophenol on two larval stages of Crassostrea gigas. Embryotoxic effects were assessed on veliger larvae after 36 h exposures, and both percentages of normal larvae and types of abnormalities were taken into account. The effects of the three substances were evaluated on 21-day-old pediveliger larvae by calculating metamorphosis rates after 24h exposures. The results of the embryotoxicity assay indicated that 2-methyl-4-chlorophenol was more toxic (EC50: 10.81 mg L(-1)) than its parent compounds (EC50 mecoprop: 42.55 mg L(-1); EC50 mecoprop-p: 78.85 mg L(-1)). Mecoprop in particular injured shell formation with an increase of shell abnormalities following herbicide concentrations. The active substances were not toxic to metamorphosis processes, but 2-MCP was revealed to be more toxic to the success of metamorphosis (EC50: 7.20 mg L(-1)) than to embryo-larval development. However, the toxic concentrations were several orders of magnitude higher than environmental concentrations.

}, keywords = {2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid, Animals, Chlorophenols, Crassostrea, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Larva, Metamorphosis, Biological, Water Pollutants, Chemical}, issn = {1879-1514}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.11.008}, author = {Mottier, A and Kientz-Bouchart, Val{\'e}rie and Dubreule, Christelle and Antoine Serpentini and Jean-Marc Lebel and Katherine Costil} }