Small rodent communities (Muridae) in Gabonese savannas: species diversity and biogeographical affinitiesAbstract - Mboumba, Jean-François; Hervé, Maxime R.; Guyot, Véronique; Frédéric Ysnel (Mammalia, 2021)

Sources, quality and transfers of organic matter in a highly-stratified sub-Arctic coastal system (Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, NW Atlantic) - Bridier, Guillaume; Tarik Meziane; Grall, Jacques; Chauvaud, Laurent; Donnet, Sébastien; Lazure, Pascal; Frédéric Olivier (Progress in Oceanography, 2021)
In response to ongoing global climate change, marine ecosystems in the northwest Atlantic are experiencing one of the most drastic increases in sea surface temperatures in the world. This warming can increase water column stratification and decrease surface nutrient concentrations, in turn impacting primary productivity and phytoplankton assemblages. However, the exact impacts of these changes on sources and quality of organic matter as well as its transfers to the benthic compartment remain uncertain. This survey characterized organic matter sources and quality within a highly-stratified sub-Arctic coastal system (Saint-Pierre and Miquelon) and described its transfer towards a biomass-dominant primary consumer, the sand dollar Echinarachnius parma. This study analyzed fatty acid and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) composition of surface and bottom Particulate Organic Matter (s-POM and b-POM, respectively), Sedimentary Organic Matter (SOM) and sand dollar tissue along a near shore to offshore gradient during two contrasting seasons associated either with sharp or weak water column stratification (i.e. High vs Low Stratification Periods). Results revealed high relative abundances of polyunsaturated fatty acids (notably macro- and microalgae markers) in POM during the Low Stratification Period while the High Stratification Period was characterized by elevated relative abundance of saturated fatty acids indicating a higher organic matter degradation state. In addition, strong seasonal differences were also observed in food availability with four-fold higher concentrations in total suspended solids during Low vs High Stratification Periods. These results suggested thus multiple negative effects of stratification on pelagic-benthic coupling and POM quality. Lower nutrient repletion of surface waters during period of sharp stratification diminishes pelagic-benthic coupling by reducing food availability, POM quality and vertical transfer of organic matter. By contrast, the sediment-based diet of E. parma showed a low spatiotemporal variability reflecting the homogenous composition of the SOM. This study suggests that intensified water column stratification due to increasing sea surface temperatures may modify the pelagic-benthic coupling and future quality and composition of POM pools.

Special features of neuroendocrine interactions between stress and reproduction in teleosts - Rousseau, Karine; Prunet, Patrick; Sylvie Dufour (General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2021)

Temporal Patterns and Intra- and Inter-Cellular Variability in Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation by the Unicellular Cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142Data_Sheet_1.pdfData_Sheet_2.XLSX - Polerecky, Lubos; Masuda, Takako; Eichner, Meri; Rabouille, Sophie; Vancová, Marie; Kienhuis, Michiel V. M.; Bernát, Gabor; Bonomi-Barufi, Jose; Campbell, Douglas Andrew; Pascal Claquin; Červený, Jan; Giordano, Mario; et al. (Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021)

Temporary turbine and reservoir level management to improve downstream migration of juvenile salmon through a hydropower complex - Tétard, Stéphane; Roy, Romain; Teichert, Nils; Rancon, Jocelyn; Courret, Dominique (Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, 2021)
Developing management rules to improve downstream migration of salmon smolts in large hydropower plants is essential to limit mortality and migration delay. A 2-year telemetry study was conducted to assess the efficiency of temporary measures to enhance the safety and speed of juvenile salmon passage through the Poutès dam (Allier River, France). 124 smolts were tracked through the reservoir and downstream of the dam, during implementation of turbine modulation and/or shutdown during night and reservoir level lowering. Level lowering significantly reduced median residence time from 3.4 days to 4.4 hours. However, even with high spill during turbine modulation, the risk of smolt being drawn toward the turbines was increased at low reservoir level due to the site’s configuration, greater proximity to the surface and weak repulsive effect of the rack. Moreover, results revealed that a substantial proportion of smolts can migrate during daytime and twilight during floods, even at the beginning of the migration period. Thus targeted turbine shutdown has a good potential to protect smolts, but implementation requires studies taking account of site specificities and a flexible approach.
Keywords: Atlantic salmon; downstream migration; migratory delay; operational management; Turbine shutdown

Thermodynamic uptake of atmospheric CO2 in the oligotrophic and semiarid São Francisco estuary (NE Brazil) - Gwenaël Abril; Libardoni, Bruno G.; Brandini, Nilva; Cotovicz, Luiz C.; Medeiros, Paulo R.P.; Cavalcante, Geórgenes H.; Knoppers, Bastiaan A. (Marine Chemistry, 2021)

Towards a better understanding of the effects of self-shading on Fucus serratus populations - Cédric Hubas (Peer Community In Ecology, 2021)

Transcriptome Profiling of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Visceral Ganglia over a Reproduction Cycle Identifies Novel Regulatory Peptides - Réalis-Doyelle, Emilie; Schwartz, Julie; Cabau, Cédric; Le Franc, Lorane; Bernay, Benoît; Guillaume Rivière; Klopp, Christophe; Favrel, Pascal (Marine Drugs, 2021)

Transcriptome Profiling of the Pacific Oyster Visceral Ganglia over a Reproduction Cycle Identifies Novel Regulatory Peptides. - Réalis-Doyelle, Emilie; Schwartz, Julie; Cabau, Cédric; Le Franc, Lorane; Bernay, Benoît; Riviere, Guillaume; Klopp, Christophe; Favrel, Pascal (Mar Drugs, 2021)
The neuropeptides involved in the regulation of reproduction in the Pacific oyster () are quite diverse. To investigate this diversity, a transcriptomic survey of the visceral ganglia (VG) was carried out over an annual reproductive cycle. RNA-seq data from 26 samples corresponding to VG at different stages of reproduction were de novo assembled to generate a specific reference transcriptome of the oyster nervous system and used to identify differentially expressed transcripts. Transcriptome mining led to the identification of novel neuropeptide precursors (NPPs) related to the bilaterian Eclosion Hormone (EH), crustacean female sex hormone/Interleukin 17, Nesfatin, neuroparsin/IGFBP, prokineticins, and urotensin I; to the protostome GNQQN, pleurin, prohormones 3 and 4, prothoracotropic hormones (PTTH), and QSamide/PXXXamide; to the lophotrochozoan CCWamide, CLCCY, HFAamide, and LXRX; and to the mollusk-specific NPPs CCCGS, clionin, FYFY, GNamide, GRWRN, GSWN, GWE, IWMPxxGYxx, LXRYamide, RTLFamide, SLRFamide, and WGAGamide. Among the complete repertoire of NPPs, no sex-biased expression was observed. However, 25 NPPs displayed reproduction stage-specific expression, supporting their involvement in the control of gametogenesis or associated metabolisms.

Trophic niche of the invasive gregarious species Crepidula fornicata, in relation to ontogenic changes - Androuin, Thibault; Stanislas Dubois; Cédric Hubas; Lefebvre, Gwendoline; Le Grand, Fabienne; Gauthier Schaal; Carlier, Antoine (bioRxiv, 2021)
Crepidula fornicata is a common and widespread invasive gregarious species along the European coast. Among its life-history traits, well documented ontogenic changes in behavior (i.e., motile male to sessile female) suggest a potential shift in feeding strategy across its life stages. Considering the ecological significance of this species in colonized areas, understanding how conspecifics share the trophic resource is crucial. Using fatty acids (FA) and stable isotopes (SI) as complementary trophic markers, we conducted a field survey between late winter and spring to investigate the trophic niche of three ontogenic stages of C. fornicata that bear different sexual (male/female) and motility (motile/sessile) traits. Potential trophic sources were characterized by their pigment, FA and SI compositions and showed well discriminated compositions over the studied period. We showed that the biofilm covering C. fornicata shells harbored a higher biomass of primary producers (i.e., chlorophytes and diatoms) than the surrounding sediment. Over the studied period, we observed a covariation between the three ontogenic stages for both FA and SI compositions which suggest that the trophic niche of C. fornicata does not change significantly across its benthic life. During periods of low food availability, slipper limpets displayed an opportunistic suspension-feeding behaviour, relying on both fresh and detrital organic matter, likely coming from superficial sedimentary organic matter. However, during high food availability (i.e., spring phytoplankton bloom), all ontogenic stages largely benefited from this fresh supply of organic matter (pelagic diatoms in this case). The three ontogenic stages showed consistent differences in FA composition, and to a lesser extent in SI composition. These differences persist over time, as they originate from ontogenic physiological changes (differential growth rates, metabolic rate or gametogenesis) rather than diet discrepancies. This study revealed that multiple trophic markers allow high complementary to characterize organic matter as well as food partitioning between conspecific organisms. Recommended by PCI Ecology : https://ecology.peercommunityin.org/articles/rec?id=140

Unraveling salinity extreme events in coastal environments: a winter focus on the Bay of Brest - Poppeschi, Coline; Charria, Guillaume; Goberville, Eric; Rimmelin-Maury, Peggy; Barrier, Nicolas; Petton, Sébastien; Unterberger, Maximilian; Emilie Grossteffan; Répécaud, Michel; Quéméner, Loic; Theetten, Sébastien; Le roux, Jean-François; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021)
Extreme weather events affect coastal marine ecosystems. The increase in intensity and occurrence of such events drive modifications in coastal hydrology and hydrodynamics. Here, focusing on the winter period (from December to March), we investigated long-term (2000-2018) changes in the hydrological properties of the Bay of Brest (French Atlantic coast) as an example of the response of a semi-enclosed bay to extreme weather episodes and large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. The relationships between extreme weather events and severe low salinity conditions (as a proxy for changes in water density) were investigated using high-frequency in situ observations and high-resolution numerical simulations. The identification of intense episodes was based on the timing, duration and annual occurrence of extreme events. By examining the interannual variability of extreme low salinity events, we detect a patent influence of local and regional weather conditions on atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns, precipitation and river runoff. We revealed that low salinity events in Brittany were controlled by large-scale forcings: they prevailed during the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation and periods of low occurrences of the Atlantic Ridge weather regime. The increase in severe storms observed in western France since 2010 has led to a doubling of the occurrence and duration of extreme low salinity events in Brittany.

Upstream/downstream food quality differences in a Caribbean Island River - Frotté, Lou; Alexandre Bec; Cédric Hubas; Perrière, Fanny; Cordonnier, Sébastien; Bezault, Etienne; Monti, Dominique (Aquatic Ecology, 2021)

Water temperature influences larval survival of the amphidromous goby Sicyopterus lagocephalus - Teichert, Nils; Lagarde, Raphaël; Occelli, Nicolas; Ponton, Dominique; Gaudin, Philippe (Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 2021)
Water warming induced by human activities can impact fish larvae survival, notably because it influences larval development and prey abundances. Amphidromous gobies of the subfamily Sicydiinae are particularly sensitive to this threat as the newly hatched free embryos are poorly developed and the first feeding opportunity only occurs after they reach the ocean. Here, we studied how water temperature (21, 23, 25, 29 and 31°C) impacts early development stages of Sicyopterus lagocephalus in both freshwater and marine aquaria (salinity 35). We monitored survival time, larval condition and the occurrence of critical developmental events such as mouth opening, yolk sac and oil globule resorption. In freshwater, the survival exceeded 150 hours at 21°C, while it dropped below 50 hours at 31°C. In seawater, the larval development of unfed larvae was significantly affected by temperature, survival time being greatly reduced in warmer waters. Accounting for the observed duration between mouth opening and the resorption of the oil globule, we estimated that larvae need to find suitable prey in seawater within a short time: around 30 hours during the peak of reproduction in summer. Otherwise, their endogenous reserves become depleted and their condition degrades. This study emphasises the sensitivity of free embryos to stream flow alterations, which contributes to the increase in water temperature and to the slowing down of larvae drift to the ocean. We conclude that once in seawater the temperature and feeding conditions experienced by amphidromous larvae are critical for survival.
Keywords: amphidromy; Early life history; larval survival; mixed feeding period; starvation; water warming

Waterfalls mediate the longitudinal distribution of diadromous predatory fishes structuring communities in tropical, short, steep coastal streams - Ebner, Brendan C.; Donaldson, James A.; Murphy, Helen; Thuesen, Paul; Ford, Andrew; Schaffer, Jason; Philippe Keith (Freshwater Biology, 2021)

Whale depredation in the South Georgia Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides ) fishery in the South Atlantic: a comparison of estimation methods - Earl, Timothy; MacLeod, Eleanor; Söffker, Marta; Nicolas Gasco; Massiot-Granier, Félix; Tixier, Paul; Darby, Christopher (ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2021)

Whale depredation in the South Georgia Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides ) fishery in the South Atlantic: a comparison of estimation methods - Earl, Timothy; MacLeod, Eleanor; Söffker, Marta; Gasco, N; Massiot-Granier, Félix; Tixier, Paul; Darby, Christopher (ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2021)

Advances in the use of Paris-Edinburgh presses for high pressure neutron scattering - Klotz, S; Hansen, Th; Lelièvre-Berna, E; Amand, Louis; Maurice, J; Payre, C (Journal of Neutron Research, 2020)

Anthropogenic boat noise reduces feeding success in winter flounder larvae (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) - Gendron, Gilberte; Tremblay, Rejean; Jolivet, Aurélie; Frédéric Olivier; Chauvaud, Laurent; Winkler, Gesche; Audet, Céline (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2020)
The aim of this study was to explore an emerging discipline addressing the impact of anthropogenic noise on larval stages of marine organisms. We assessed the influence of boat noise on the feeding behaviour of the pelagic larvae of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Walbaum, 1792). The hypothesis was that boat noise influences the feeding behaviour of P. americanus flounder larvae independently of prey  density. Aquaria containing P. americanus larvae were placed in water baths in which boat noise was diffused for the “noise” treatment and compared to control aquaria with no sound emissions. Larvae were filmed  using cameras placed above the aquaria and their behaviour was recorded. Larvae exposed to anthropogenic noise displayed significantly fewer hunting events than controls, and their stomach volumes were  significantly smaller. This noise effect was the same at all prey densities used, suggesting that larval feeding behaviour is negatively impaired by anthropogenic noise.
Keywords: Feeding behaviour

Assessing the impact of toothed whale depredation on socio-ecosystems and fishery management in wide-ranging subantarctic fisheries - Tixier, Paul; Burch, Paul; Massiot-Granier, Félix; Ziegler, Philippe; Welsford, Dirk; Lea, Mary-Anne; Hindell, Mark A; Guinet, Christophe; Wotherspoon, Simon; Nicolas Gasco; Clara Péron; Guy Duhamel; et al. (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2020)
Marine predators feeding on fisheries catches directly on the fishing gear, a behaviour termed “depredation”, has emerged as a major human-wildlife conflict globally, often resulting in substantial socio-economic and ecological impacts. This study investigated the extent of this conflict in commercial Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) fisheries across subantarctic waters where both killer whales (Orcinus orca) and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) feed on toothfish caught on longline hooks. Using long-term datasets from six major fishing areas, from southern Chile to the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean, statistical models were developed to quantify the catch removals due to whale depredation interactions. The results indicated that these removals were large, totalling more than 6600 t of toothfish between 2009 and 2016 with an annual mean of 837 t [95% CI 480–1195 t], comprised of 317 t [232–403 t] and 518 t [247–790 t] removed by killer whales and sperm whales, respectively. Catch removals greatly varied between areas, with the largest estimates found at Crozet, where on average 279 t [179–379 t] of toothfish per year, equivalent to 30% [21–37%] of the total catches. Together, these findings provide metrics to assess the impacts of depredation interactions on the fishing industry, whale populations, fish stocks and associated ecosystems. With an estimated $15 M USD worth of fish depredated every year, this study highlights the large geographic scale and economic significance of the depredation issue and its potential to compromise the viability of some toothfish fisheries which are the primary socio-economic activity in subantarctic regions.

Assessment of the quality of European silver eels and tentative approach to trace the origin of contaminants – A European overview - Bourillon, Bastien; Anthony Acou; Thomas Trancart; Belpaire, Claude; Covaci, Adrian; Bustamante, Paco; Faliex, Elisabeth; Amilhat, Elsa; Malarvannan, Govindan; Virag, Laure; Aarestrup, Kim; Bervoets, Lieven; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2020)

Basal teleosts provide new insights into the evolutionary history of teleost-duplicated aromatase - Lin, Chien-Ju; Maugars, Gersende; Lafont, Anne-Gaelle; Jeng, Shan-Ru; Wu, Guan-Chung; Sylvie Dufour; Chang, Ching-Fong (General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2020)

Behavioural inference from signal processing using animal-borne multi-sensor loggers: a novel solution to extend the knowledge of sea turtle ecology - Jeantet, Lorène; Planas-Bielsa, Víctor; Benhamou, Simon; Geiger, Sébastien; Martin, Jordan; Siegwalt, Flora; Lelong, Pierre; Gresser, Julie; Etienne, Denis; Hielard, Gaëlle; Arqué, Alexandre; Régis, Sidney; et al. (Royal Society Open Science, 2020)

Benefits for the Management and Preservation of Fluid Collections Using QR Codes - Pruvost, P. (Collection Forum, 2020)

Benthic ecoregionalization based on echinoid fauna of the Southern Ocean supports current proposals of Antarctic Marine Protected Areas under IPCC scenarios of climate change - Fabri-Ruiz, Salomé; Danis, Bruno; Navarro, Nicolas; Koubbi, Philippe; Laffont, Rémi; Saucède, Thomas (Global Change Biology, 2020)

Biodiversity inventory of the grey mullets (Actinopterygii: Mugilidae) of the Indo‐Australian Archipelago through the iterative use of DNA‐based species delimitation and specimen assignment methods - Delrieu‐Trottin, Erwan; Durand, Jean‐Dominique; Limmon, Gino; Sukmono, Tedjo; Kadarusman; Sugeha, Hagi Yulia; Chen, Wei‐Jen; Busson, Frederic; Borsa, Philippe; Dahruddin, Hadi; Sauri, Sopian; Fitriana, Yuli; et al. (Evolutionary Applications, 2020)
DNA barcoding opens new perspectives on the way we document biodiversity. Initially proposed to circumvent the limits of morphological characters to assign unknown individuals to known species, DNA barcoding has been used in a wide array of studies where collecting species identity constitutes a crucial step. The assignment of unknowns to knowns assumes that species are already well identified and delineated, making the assignment performed reliable. Here, we used DNA‐based species delimitation and specimen assignment methods iteratively to tackle the inventory of the Indo‐Australian Archipelago grey mullets, a notorious case of taxonomic complexity that requires DNA‐based identification methods considering that traditional morphological identifications are usually not repeatable and sequence mislabeling is common in international sequence repositories. We first revisited a DNA barcode reference library available at the global scale for Mugilidae through different DNA‐based species delimitation methods to produce a robust consensus scheme of species delineation. We then used this curated library to assign unknown specimens collected throughout the Indo‐Australian Archipelago to known species. A second iteration of OTU delimitation and specimen assignment was then performed. We show the benefits of using species delimitation and specimen assignment methods iteratively to improve the accuracy of specimen identification and propose a workflow to do so.
Keywords: Coral Triangle; Cryptic diversity; DNA barcoding; reference library; taxonomic gap

Can the Threat of Economic Sanctions Ensure the Sustainability of International Fisheries? An Experiment of a Dynamic Non-cooperative CPR Game with Uncertain Tipping Point - Jules, Selles; Sylvain, Bonhommeau; Patrice, Guillotreau; Thomas, Vallée (Environmental and Resource Economics, 2020)

Is a cannibal different from its conspecifics? A behavioural, morphological, muscular and retinal structure study with pikeperch juveniles under farming conditions - Tatiana Colchen; Gisbert, E; Ledoré, Y; Teletchea, F; Fontaine, P; Pasquet, A (Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2020)
Most studies carried out on personality recognized that personality is defined by behavioural traits consistent through time and/or contexts. In fish, most studies on personality were performed either on juveniles (aged between 6 months and 1 year) or adults, but very few focused on the early life stages. The main goal of this study is to characterize behavioural syndromes and to highlight the existence of a personality in young juvenile pikeperch, a species with a strong economic value. To study the consistency of behavioural responses of juvenile (50 and 64 days post-hatch) pikeperch Sander lucioperca (n = 41, total length = 5.8 ± 1.0 cm and mass = 1.6 ± 0.7 g), we performed three tests per fish in one day: exploration (cross-maze), dyadic and restraint test. In the cross-maze test, exploratory fish were more active and bolder. In the dyadic test, fish with the highest number of contacts, showed also more approaches, orientations and avoidance behaviours. In the restraint test, bolder fish were more active and tried to escape more often. Consequently, the investigation of the different behavioural responses of each fish highlighted behavioural syndromes in this species. Furthermore, for the first time, we showed, with a cross-context analysis, that young juvenile pikeperch, responded in the same way to exploration and dyadic test but their responses were opposite in the restraint test. Our results opened new opportunities for testing individual personality in very young fish that may help solving some aquaculture problems, such as intra-cohort cannibalism.
Keywords: Behavioural syndromes; behavioural tests; Individual personality; Pikeperch juveniles; Sander lucioperca

Carbon dioxide sources and sinks in the delta of the Paraíba do Sul River (Southeastern Brazil) modulated by carbonate thermodynamics, gas exchange and ecosystem metabolism during estuarine mixing - Cotovicz, Luiz C.; Vidal, Luciana O.; de Rezende, Carlos Eduardo; Bernardes, Marcelo C.; Knoppers, Bastiaan A.; Sobrinho, Rodrigo L.; Cardoso, Renan P.; Muniz, Marcelo; dos Anjos, Roberto Meigikos; Biehler, Antoine; Gwenaël Abril (Marine Chemistry, 2020)

Comparison of approaches for incorporating depredation on fisheries catches into Ecopath - Clavareau, Lyndsay; Marzloff, Martin P; Trenkel, Verena M; Bulman, Catherine M; Gourguet, Sophie; Le Gallic, Bertrand; Hernvann, Pierre-Yves; Clara Péron; Nicolas Gasco; Faure, Johanna; Tixier, Paul (ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2020)

Comparison of embryonic and adult shells of Sepia officinalis (Cephalopoda, Mollusca) - Dauphin, Yannicke; Luquet, Gilles; Percot, Aline; Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli (Zoomorphology, 2020)

The complete mitochondrial genome of Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Actinopterygii, Salmonidae) obtained by long range PCRs and double multiplexing - Denys, Gaël; Secci-Petretto, Giulia; Gomes-Dos-Santos, André (Cybium, 2020)
Le génome mitochondrial complet de Thymallus thymallus (Actinopterygii, Salmonidae) provenant d’un voucher enregistré en collection et capturé dans l’Ain (bassin du Rhône) a été séquencé. La séquence d’une longueur de 16 660 pb, contient 13 gènes codants, 22 ARN de transfert dont 2 ARNt-Leu et 2 ARNt-Ser, 2 gènes ARN ribosomiques et la région de contrôle. Un espace intergénique et des séquences se chevauchant ont été trouvés. La composition des bases du mitogénome est de 27,5% A, 27,9% T, 27,1% C et 17,5% G. Ce mitogénome a été séquencé pour moins de 20 euros.

A current synthesis on the effects of electric and magnetic fields emitted by submarine power cables on invertebrates - Luana Albert; François Deschamps; Aurélie Jolivet; Frédéric Olivier; Laurent Chauvaud; Sylvain Chauvaud (Marine Environmental Research, 2020)
The goal of clean renewable energy production has promoted the large-scale deployment of marine renewable energy devices, and their associated submarine cable network. Power cables produce both electric and magnetic fields that raise environmental concerns as many marine organisms have magneto and electroreception abilities used for vital purposes. Magnetic and electric fields‚Äô intensities decrease with distance away from the cable. Accordingly, the benthic and the sedimentary compartments are exposed to the highest field values. Although marine invertebrate species are the major fauna of these potentially exposed areas, they have so far received little attention. We provide extensive background knowledge on natural and anthropogenic marine sources of magnetic and electric fields. We then compile evidence for magneto- and electro-sensitivity in marine invertebrates and further highlight what is currently known about their interactions with artificial sources of magnetic and electric fields. Finally we discuss the main gaps and future challenges that require further investigation.

The dance of the Cape gannet may contain social information on foraging behaviour - Courbin, Nicolas; Chinho, Tendai; Pichegru, Lorien; Verma-Grémillet, Ambalika; Clara Péron; Ryan, Peter G; Grémillet, David (Animal Behaviour, 2020)
Social information percolates through a variety of channels to influence animal decision making, with a notable effect on reproductive and feeding success. Colonial central place foragers can reduce time to locate ephemeral food patches and/or increase foraging rate by following their informed peers, parasitizing direction of returning successful foragers, or being intentionally informed on distant food locations at the colony (e.g. the waggle dance of the honey bee). Ceremonial behaviours may also deliver social foraging information between mates, which can spread inadvertently to neighbours. Here we tested for information display in Cape gannets, Morus capensis, a socially monogamous species, during the elaborate dance ceremony performed each time a partner returns to the nest during the breeding season. We tracked fine-scale foraging behaviour of gannets using bird-borne GPS recorders, and videorecorded their subsequent dance ceremony, which involved up to 14 different displays. As we hypothesized, dance characteristics were associated with foraging trip features. Notably, overall dance duration was negatively linked to foraging trip duration, which was highly positively correlated with foraging range, foraging path length and time spent foraging during the trip. Overall dance duration was also negatively linked with distance to the main foraging grounds. Additionally, the duration of preening behaviour was related to the bearing of the main feeding spot. The latter relationship was supported by a Bayesian model averaging analysis, allowing inferences robust to multiple comparisons. Overall, ceremonial behaviour may provide social foraging information on feeding locations, while evidence for further information transfer to the mate or neighbours was not tested here. Frequent updating on prey spatial distribution, inadvertently communicated or not, should be particularly valuable for predators tracking ephemeral prey patches, providing an additional advantage to colonial living. Our results may have strong implications for cultural evolution in animal societies.

A database of freshwater fish species of the Amazon Basin - Jézéquel, Céline; Tedesco, Pablo A; Bigorne, Remy; Maldonado-Ocampo, Javier A; Ortega, Hernan; Hidalgo, Max; Martens, Koen; Torrente-Vilara, Gislene; Zuanon, Jansen; Acosta, Astrid; others (Scientific data, 2020)

Deciphering mollusc shell production: the roles of genetic mechanisms through to ecology, aquaculture and biomimetics. - Clark, Melody S; Peck, Lloyd S; Arivalagan, Jaison; Backeljau, Thierry; Berland, Sophie; Cardoso, Joao C R; Caurcel, Carlos; Chapelle, Gauthier; De Noia, Michele; Dupont, Sam; Gharbi, Karim; Hoffman, Joseph I; et al. (Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc, 2020)
Most molluscs possess shells, constructed from a vast array of microstructures and architectures. The fully formed shell is composed of calcite or aragonite. These CaCO crystals form complex biocomposites with proteins, which although typically less than 5% of total shell mass, play significant roles in determining shell microstructure. Despite much research effort, large knowledge gaps remain in how molluscs construct and maintain their shells, and how they produce such a great diversity of forms. Here we synthesize results on how shell shape, microstructure, composition and organic content vary among, and within, species in response to numerous biotic and abiotic factors. At the local level, temperature, food supply and predation cues significantly affect shell morphology, whilst salinity has a much stronger influence across latitudes. Moreover, we emphasize how advances in genomic technologies [e.g. restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) and epigenetics] allow detailed examinations of whether morphological changes result from phenotypic plasticity or genetic adaptation, or a combination of these. RAD-Seq has already identified single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with temperature and aquaculture practices, whilst epigenetic processes have been shown significantly to modify shell construction to local conditions in, for example, Antarctica and New Zealand. We also synthesize results on the costs of shell construction and explore how these affect energetic trade-offs in animal metabolism. The cellular costs are still debated, with CaCO precipitation estimates ranging from 1-2 J/mg to 17-55 J/mg depending on experimental and environmental conditions. However, organic components are more expensive (~29 J/mg) and recent data indicate transmembrane calcium ion transporters can involve considerable costs. This review emphasizes the role that molecular analyses have played in demonstrating multiple evolutionary origins of biomineralization genes. Although these are characterized by lineage-specific proteins and unique combinations of co-opted genes, a small set of protein domains have been identified as a conserved biomineralization tool box. We further highlight the use of sequence data sets in providing candidate genes for in situ localization and protein function studies. The former has elucidated gene expression modularity in mantle tissue, improving understanding of the diversity of shell morphology synthesis. RNA interference (RNAi) and clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats - CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) experiments have provided proof of concept for use in the functional investigation of mollusc gene sequences, showing for example that Pif (aragonite-binding) protein plays a significant role in structured nacre crystal growth and that the Lsdia1 gene sets shell chirality in Lymnaea stagnalis. Much research has focused on the impacts of ocean acidification on molluscs. Initial studies were predominantly pessimistic for future molluscan biodiversity. However, more sophisticated experiments incorporating selective breeding and multiple generations are identifying subtle effects and that variability within mollusc genomes has potential for adaption to future conditions. Furthermore, we highlight recent historical studies based on museum collections that demonstrate a greater resilience of molluscs to climate change compared with experimental data. The future of mollusc research lies not solely with ecological investigations into biodiversity, and this review synthesizes knowledge across disciplines to understand biomineralization. It spans research ranging from evolution and development, through predictions of biodiversity prospects and future-proofing of aquaculture to identifying new biomimetic opportunities and societal benefits from recycling shell products.

Deciphering shell proteome within different Baltic populations of mytilid mussels illustrates important local variability and potential consequences in the context of changing marine conditions - Arivalagan, Jaison; Marie, Benjamin; Chiappetta, Giovanni; Vinh, Joëlle; Gallet, Xavier; Lebon, Matthieu; M'Zoudi, Saloua; Dubois, Philippe; Berland, Sophie; Marie, Arul (Science of The Total Environment, 2020)

Denitrification and associated nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from the Amazonian wetlands - Guilhen, Jérémy; Al Bitar, Ahmad; Sauvage, Sabine; Parrens, Marie; Martinez, Jean-Michel; Gwenaël Abril; Moreira-Turcq, Patricia; Sánchez-Pérez, José-Miguel (Biogeosciences, 2020)

Development of an accurate model to predict the phenology of Atlantic salmon smolt spring migration - Teichert, Nils; Benitez, Jean‐Philippe; Dierckx, Arnaud; Tétard, Stéphane; Oliveira, Eric; Thomas Trancart; Eric Feunteun; Ovidio, Michaël (Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 2020)
Changes in migration timing, resulting from the alteration in river continuity or the effect of climate change, can have major consequences on the population dynamics of diadromous fish. Forecasting the phenology of fish migration is thus critically important to implement management actions aimed at protecting fish during their migration. In this study, an 11‐year monitoring survey of Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar ) from the Ourthe River, Belgium, was analysed within a European Special Area of Conservation to improve the understanding of environment‐induced spring migration. A logistic model was fitted to forecast smolt migration and to calculate phenological indicators for management, i.e. the onset, end, and duration of migration, while accounting for the influence of photoperiod, water temperature, and hydrological conditions. The results indicated that the photo‐thermal units accumulated by smolts above a 7°C temperature threshold was a relevant proxy to reflect the synergistic effect between temperature and photoperiod on smolt migration. After integrating the effect of river flow pulses, the model accurately explained the inter‐annual changes in migration timing (R2 = 0.95). The model predictions provide decisive management information to identify sensitive periods during which mitigation measures (e.g. hydropower turbine shutdown, river discharge management) should be conducted to promote smolt survival. The model was used to predict phenological characteristics under future scenarios of climate change. The results suggest a joint effect of hydrological alterations and water warming. Temperature increases of 1–4°C were associated with earlier initiation of migration, 6–51 days earlier, and spring flood events greatly influenced the duration of the migration period. Accordingly, the combined effects of human‐induced modifications of the hydrological regimes and increasing temperatures could result in a mismatch between the smolt and favourable survival conditions in the marine environment.

Dietary taurine improves vision in different age gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae potentially contributing to increased prey hunting success and growth - Gaon, A.; Nixon, O.; Tandler, A.; Falcon, J.; Besseau, L.; Escande, M.; El Sadin, S.; Allon, G.; Koven, W. (Aquaculture, 2020)

Differential Regulation of the Expression of the Two Thyrotropin Beta Subunit Paralogs by Salmon Pituitary Cells In Vitro - Fleming, Mitchell Stewart; Maugars, Gersende; Martin, Patrick; Sylvie Dufour; Rousseau, Karine (Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2020)

Disentangling the taxonomy of the subfamily Rasborinae (Cypriniformes, Danionidae) in Sundaland using DNA barcodes - Sholihah, Arni; Delrieu-Trottin, Erwan; Sukmono, Tedjo; Dahruddin, Hadi; Risdawati, Renny; Elvyra, Roza; Wibowo, Arif; Kustiati, Kustiati; Busson, Frederic; Sauri, Sopian; Nurhaman, Ujang; Dounias, Edmond; et al. (Scientific Reports, 2020)
iodiversity hotspots have provided useful geographic proxies for conservation efforts. Delineated from a few groups of animals and plants, biodiversity hotspots do not reflect the conservation status of freshwater fishes. With hundreds of new species described on a yearly basis, fishes constitute the most poorly known group of vertebrates. This situation urges for an acceleration of the fish species inventory through fast and reliable molecular tools such as DNA barcoding. The present study focuses on the freshwater fishes diversity in the Sundaland biodiversity hotspot in Southeast Asia. Recent studies evidenced large taxonomic gaps as well as unexpectedly high levels of cryptic diversity, particularly so in the islands of Java and Bali. The Cypriniformes genera Rasbora and Nemacheilus account for most of the endemic species in Java and Bali, however their taxonomy is plagued by confusion about species identity and distribution. This study examines the taxonomic status of the Rasbora and Nemacheilus species in Java, Bali and Lombok islands through DNA barcodes, with the objective to resolve taxonomic confusion and identify trends in genetic diversity that can be further used for conservation matters. Several species delimitation methods based on DNA sequences were used and confirmed the status of most species, however several cases of taxonomic confusion and two new taxa are detected. Mitochondrial sequences argue that most species range distributions currently reported in the literature are inflated due to erroneous population assignments to the species level, and further highlight the sensitive conservation status of most Rasbora and Nemacheilus species on the islands of Java, Bali and Lombok.
Keywords: Conservation genetics; Cryptic diversity; Population fragmentation; Southeast Asia; taxonomy

Diversité des assemblages d’araignées dans les écosystèmes savanicoles des Plateaux Batéké, Haut-Ogooué, Gabon - Alban-Michel NGUÉMA NGUÉMA; Assane NDIAYE; Lynda Chancelia NKOGHE NKOGHE; Jacques François MAVOUNGOU1; Frédéric Ysnel (Afrique Science, 2020)

Diversity of Light Sensing Molecules and Their Expression During the Embryogenesis of the Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) - Bonadè, Morgane; Ogura, Atsushi; Corre, Erwan; Bassaglia, Yann; Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli (Frontiers in Physiology, 2020)
Keywords: arrestin; cryptochrome; Development; Eye; opsin; Sepia officinalis

Does parasitism influence sediment stability? Evaluation of trait-mediated effects of the trematode Bucephalus minimus on the key role of cockles Cerastoderma edule in sediment erosion dynamics - Dairain, Annabelle; Maire, Olivier; Meynard, Guillaume; Francis Orvain (Science of The Total Environment, 2020)

Effect of Light Intensity and Light Quality on Diatom Behavioral and Physiological Photoprotection - Prins, Antoine; Deleris, Paul; Cédric Hubas; Bruno Jesus (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)
In this study, we investigated the different photoregulation responses of diatom dominated natural biofilms to different light intensities and wavelengths, over a tidal cycle in the laboratory. We compared the overall effect of light spectral quality from its light absorption (Qphar) dependent effect. Two different conditions were compared to study photoprotective strategies: sediment (migrational) and without sediment (non-migrational). Three different colors (blue, green, and red) and two light intensities (low light, LL at 210 μmol.photons.m–2.s–1 and high light, HL at 800 μmol.photons.m–2.s–1) showed strong interactions in inducing behavioral and physiological photoprotection. Non-migrational biofilm non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was much more reactive to blue HL than red HL while it did not differ in LL. We observed a biphasic NPQ response with a light threshold between 200 and 250 μmol.photons.m–2.s–1 of Qphar that elicited the onset of physiological photoprotection. Similar HL differences were not observed in migrational biofilms due to active vertical migration movements that compensated light saturating effects. Our results showed that within migrational biofilms there was an interaction between light quality and light intensity on cell accumulation pattern at the sediment surface. This interaction led to inverse diatom accumulation patterns between blue and red light at the same intensity: LL (blue + 200.67%, red + 123.96%), HL (blue + 109.15%, red + 150.34%). These differences were largely related to the differential amount of light absorbed at different wavelengths and highlighted the importance of using wavelength standardized intensities. Different vertical migration patterns significantly affected the total pigment content measured at the surface, suggesting that cell could migrate downward more than 2 mm as a photoregulatory response. Colloidal carbohydrates patterns paralleled the vertical migration movements, highlighting their possible role in diatom motility. Our data strongly suggests a wavelength and Qphar dependent light stress threshold that triggers upward and downward movements to position microphytobenthic diatoms at their optimal depth.

Effects of a temperature rise on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, melatonin and thyroid hormones during smoltification - Nisembaum, Laura Gabriela; Martin, Patrick; Fuentès, Michael; Besseau, Laurence; Magnanou, Elodie; McCormick, Stephen D; Jack Falcon (Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2020)
Smoltification prepares juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) for downstream migration. Dramatic changes characterize this crucial event in the fish life cycle, including gills’ Na+/K+-ATPase activity (NKA) and plasma hormonal levels. The triggering of smoltification relies on photoperiod and is modulated by temperature. Both provide reliable information, to which fish adapted for thousands of years, that allows deciphering daily and calendar time. Here we studied the impact of different photoperiod (natural, sustained winter solstice) and temperature (natural, ~ +4°C) combinations, on gills’ NKA, plasma free triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and melatonin (MEL; the time-keeping hormone), throughout smoltification. We also studied the impact of temperature history on pineal gland MEL production in vitro. The spring increase in gills’ NKA was less pronounced in smolts kept under sustained winter photoperiod and/or elevated temperature. Plasma thyroid hormones levels displayed day-night variations, which were affected by elevated temperature, either independently from photoperiod (decrease in T3 levels) or under natural photoperiod exclusively (increase in T4 nocturnal levels). Nocturnal MEL secretion was potentiated by the elevated temperature, which also altered MEL profile under sustained winter photoperiod. Temperature also affected pineal MEL production in vitro, a response that depended on previous environmental acclimation of the organ. The results support the view that the salmon pineal is a photoperiod and temperature sensor, highlight the complexity of the interaction of these environmental factors on S. salar endocrine system, and suggest that climate change might compromise salmon’s time “deciphering” and processes such as smoltification, downstream migration and seawater residence.
Keywords: Atlantic salmon; melatonin; smoltification; Temperature; thyroid hormones

Effects of a temperature rise on melatonin and thyroid hormones during smoltification of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar - Nisembaum, Laura Gabriela; Martin, Patrick; Fuentès, M; Besseau, Laurence; Magnanou, Elodie; McCormick, Stephen; Falcón, Jack (J Comp Physiol B, 2020)
Smoltification prepares juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) for downstream migration. Dramatic changes characterize this crucial event in the salmon’s life cycle, including increased gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity (NKA) and plasma hormone levels. The triggering of smoltification relies on photoperiod and is modulated by temperature. Both provide reliable information, to which fish have adapted for thousands of years, that allows deciphering daily and calendar time. Here we studied the impact of different photoperiod (natural, sustained winter solstice) and temperature (natural, ~ + 4° C) combinations, on gill NKA, plasma free triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), and melatonin (MEL; the time-keeping hormone), throughout smoltification. We also studied the impact of temperature history on pineal gland MEL production in vitro. The spring increase in gill NKA was less pronounced in smolts kept under sustained winter photoperiod and/or elevated temperature. Plasma thyroid hormone levels displayed day–night variations, which were affected by elevated temperature, either independently from photoperiod (decrease in T3 levels) or under natural photoperiod exclusively (increase in T4 nocturnal levels). Nocturnal MEL secretion was potentiated by the elevated temperature, which also altered the MEL profile under sustained winter photoperiod. Temperature also affected pineal MEL production in vitro, a response that depended on previous environmental acclimation of the organ. The results support the view that the salmon pineal is a photoperiod and temperature sensor, highlight the complexity of the interaction of these environmental factors on the endocrine system of S. salar, and indicate that climate change might compromise salmon’s time “deciphering” during smoltification, downstream migration and seawater residence.
Keywords: Atlantic salmon; melatonin; Temperature; thyroid hormones

Eleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) of the Indian Ocean: an overview with the description of three new species - Marion Mennesson; Philippe Keith (Cybium, 2020)

Elevated estradiol-17β levels inhibit final oocyte maturation via G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (Gper) in yellowfin porgy, Acanthopagrus latus - Jeng, Shan-Ru; Thomas, Peter; Pang, Yefei; Sylvie Dufour; Lin, Chien-Ju; Yueh, Wen-Shiun; Chang, Ching-Fong (General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2020)

Endocrinology: An evolutionary perspective on neuroendocrine axes in teleosts - Sylvie Dufour; Karine Rousseau (The Physiology of Fishes, Fifth Edition, 2020)

Establishment and population features of the non-native Atlantic rangia, Rangia cuneata (Mollusca: Bivalvia), in northwestern France - Robin Faillettaz; Christophe Roger; Michel Mathieu; Jean-Paul Robin; Katherine Costil (Aquatic Invasions, 2020)
The presence of shells of the Atlantic rangia, Rangia cuneata, a brackish-water species native from the Gulf of Mexico also known as gulf wedge clam, was reported in 2017 on the French coasts of the English Channel, in the waterway that connects Caen to the sea. However, no information was available on whether a population of this alien species had successfully established in the region. Here, only empty shells—except for one live individual—were sampled in that waterway, and the sampling was shifted to the nearby marina of Ouistreham, where water is mesohaline (6.89 ± SD 0.06 PSU). In spring 2017, the mean density in the marina reached 110.45 ± 86.08 ind m-2, largely dominating the benthos community. The population was mostly composed of fairly large individuals, with no young-of-the-year found inside the marina. The modal values of the size frequency distribution ranged between 35 and 40 mm shell length. The growth patterns determined from the annual rings suggest a maximum lifespan of eight completed years. Following the assumption that colonization occurred at the larval stage, as in other European countries, this population may have established in 2009, i.e. only four years after its first detection in Europe, in the Antwerp harbour. The specimens collected are the largest recorded in European waters, suggesting that a highly suitable environment for the species in the region. Given the invasive potential of Atlantic rangia within the last decade, a close monitoring of this population and of the spread of the species in French and European waters appears necessary to determine its impacts on these ecosystems.
Keywords: Alien species; brackish waters; density; Growth; Normandy (F); Reproduction; The Atlantic rangia

Evidence for better microphytobenthos dynamics in mixed sand/mud zones than in pure sand or mud intertidal flats (Seine estuary, Normandy, France) - Morelle, Jérôme; Pascal Claquin; Francis Orvain (PLOS ONE, 2020)
Understanding the dynamics of microphytobenthos biomass and photosynthetic performances in intertidal ecosystems will help advance our understanding of how trophic networks function in order to optimize ecological management and restoration projects. The main objective of this study was to investigate microphytobenthic biomass and photosynthetic performances as a function of the sedimentary and environmental variabilities in the range of intertidal habitats in the downstream Seine estuary (Normandy, France). Our results highlight higher biomass associated with more stratified biofilms and better photosynthetic performances in areas characterized by a sand/mud mixture (40–60% of mud) compared to pure sand or pure mud environments. This type of sediment probably offers an efficient trade-off between the favorable characteristics of the two types of sediments (sand and mud) with respect to light penetration and nutrient accessibility. Moreover, the large quantities of exopolysaccharides produced in sand/mud mixtures emphasizes the functional role played by microphytobenthos in promoting sediment stability against erosion. This allows us to show that despite the strong increase in sand content of the downstream Seine estuary, intertidal flats are still productive since microphytobenthic biomass, photosynthetic performances and exopolysaccharides secretion are highest in sand-mud mixtures. This study also underlines the impact of ecosystem modifications due to human disturbance and climate change on the dynamics of key primary producers in estuaries.

Exploring brain diversity in crustaceans: sensory systems of deep vent shrimpsAbstract - Machon, Julia; Krieger, Jakob; Magali Zbinden; Juliette Ravaux; Harzsch, Steffen (Neuroforum, 2020)

Exploring community assembly among Javanese and Balinese freshwater shrimps (Atyidae, Palaemonidae) through DNA barcodes - Hernawati, Rena; Nurhaman, Ujang; Busson, Frederic; Suryobroto, Bambang; Hanner, Robert; Philippe Keith; Wowor, Daisy; Hubert, Nicolas (Hydrobiologia, 2020)
Species proliferate through evolutionary mechanisms but coexist through ecological dynamics. As such, it might be expected that mechanisms of speciation and species maintenance jointly influence the settlement of ecological communities, a process called community assembly. Disentangling the relative contribution of evolutionary and ecological dynamics might be a difficult task, particularly so for the tropical biotas due to their extreme diversity and large knowledge gaps. Here, we explore genetic diversity and distribution of 23 freshwater shrimp species of the genera Caridina and Macrobrachium in Sundaland to examine patterns of species co-occurrence based on 1583 observations across 19 sites in Java and Bali islands. DNA-based species delimitation methods applied to 204 cytochrome oxidase I sequences detected 30 operational taxonomic units and a few cases of deep intraspecific divergence. Species co-occurrence and phylogenetic community structure show no departure from expectations under a random distribution of species in landscapes and support a lottery model of community assembly. Species age estimates expand beyond the geological settlement of Sundaland, suggesting that species proliferation and community assembly are driven by mechanisms acting at distinct spatial and temporal scales.
Keywords: Caridina; Dispersa; Lottery model; Macrobrachium; Phylogenetic community structure; Species delimitation

Exposure to Artificial Light at Night and the Consequences for Flora, Fauna, and Ecosystems - Falcón, Jack; Torriglia, Alicia; Attia, Dina; Viénot, Françoise; Gronfier, Claude; Behar-Cohen, Francine; Martinsons, Christophe; Hicks, David (Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2020)

Fatty acid compositions of four benthic species along the salinity gradient of a human impacted and mangrove dominated tropical estuary (Can Gio, Vietnam) - Frank David; Marchand, Cyril; Van, Vinh Truong; Taillardat, Pierre; Thanh-Nho, Nguyen; Tarik Meziane (Journal of Sea Research, 2020)
Tropical estuaries are characterised by high spatial and temporal variability in the conditions they provide for living organisms, which in turn may affect their biochemical composition. Anthropogenic contaminants such as nutrients, antibiotics, pesticides and trace metals may also affect the biochemical composition of these coastal organisms, notably with regard to fatty acids (FA), of which optimal species-specific polyunsaturated FA ratios are required to maintain living species in healthy conditions. The objective of this study was to evidence changes in the FA profile of four ubiquist benthic species in relation to the salinity gradient of a human impacted and mangrove dominated tropical estuary (Can Gio, Southern Vietnam). Among the four benthic species studied, two exhibited spatial and seasonal changes in their FA composition: the varunid crab Metaplax elegans and the predatory mangrove murex snail Chicoreus capucinus. Proportions of the FA 16:1ω7, proportions of highly unsaturated FA and ratios of eicosapentanoic acid/arachidonic acid in the tissues of both species seemed related to upstream inputs. Different relative abundances of benthic microalgae affected both claw muscle and hepatopancreas FA composition of M. elegans, while the FA composition of C. capucinus shows that the influence of prey's diet might be transferred within trophic chains. Finally, some species, such as Nerita balteata and Metapenaeus ensis might have more adaptive capacities, because of their mobility, or because of their specific metabolic pathways, minimizing the potential impact of spatial and/or temporal changes in food resources quality. A starvation experiment involving N. balteata actually revealed the metabolic synthesis of non-methylene interrupted FA that may confer cell membranes a higher resistance to external stressors than common polyunsaturated FA. Our study highlights the future possibility of using the FA composition of sentinel organisms (i.e. feeding on specific food resources and/or especially subject to environmental stresses) as a bioindicator tool to assess mangrove ecosystems health.

First Occurrence of the Genus Australatya (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in Melanesia and Polynesia with Description of a New Species - Lorang, Camille; Marquet, Gérard; de Mazancourt, Valentin (Pacific Science, 2020)
During specific inventories led by the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN, Paris), numerous specimens of Atyidae, particulary of Atya-like shrimps were collected in Melanesia (Vanuatu, Solomon Islands) and in Polynesia (Futuna, Samoa). These specimens were morphologically and genetically examined. Our study revealed that some specimens belonged to a new species in the genus AustralatyaChace, 1983. The aim of this paper is to describe this new species, Australatya keithi sp. nov., and discuss the distribution of its genus in the studied area.

The food source of Sargasso Sea leptocephali - Miller, Michael J.; Hanel, Reinhold; Eric Feunteun; Tsukamoto, Katsumi (Marine Biology, 2020)

Food sources, digestive efficiency and resource allocation in the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea): Insights from pigments and fatty acids - Frank David; Cédric Hubas; Laguerre, Helène; Badou, Aicha; Herault, Gwen; Bordelet, Théo; Ameziane, Nadia (Aquaculture Nutrition, 2020)
Various research projects in Europe and North Africa have recently intended to breed temperate holothurians to alleviate fishing pressure on natural populations. However, to date little is known about the nutritional requirements of East Atlantic and Mediterranean species. In this study, we propose a “natural population”-oriented approach to characterize food sources, digestive efficiency and resources allocation based on the composition of pigments and fatty acids (FA) in gut contents and tis- sues (muscles, gonads and digestive tract walls) of wild individuals of the species Holothuria (Panningothuria) forskali (Delle Chiaje, 1823) sampled in Brittany (France). Our study reveals that neither green nor red algae enter the diet of H. forskali in spring and that the only fresh vegetal material found in gut contents is brown algae (very likely diatoms). The high nutritional quality of gut contents however contrasts with the detrital nature of the ingested food sources, suggesting that a trophic up- grading of organic matter occurs before digestion. In addition, unusual FA (i.e. only present in a few groups of living species) such as long-chain monounsaturated FA (especially the FA 23:1ω9) were found in large proportions in muscles and gonad and their effect on sea cucumber fitness needs further investigation.
Keywords: echinoderms; fatty acids; gut contents; Holothuria forskali; pigments; sea cucumbers

Freshwater gobies 30 million years ago: New insights into character evolution and phylogenetic relationships of †Pirskeniidae (Gobioidei, Teleostei) - Reichenbacher, Bettina; Přikryl, Tomáš; Cerwenka, Alexander F.; Philippe Keith; Gierl, Christoph; Dohrmann, Martin (PLOS ONE, 2020)

Functional diversity of microboring Ostreobium algae isolated from corals - Massé, Anaïs; Tribollet, Aline; Tarik Meziane; Bourguet‐Kondracki, Marie‐Lise; Yéprémian, Claude; Sève, Charlotte; Thiney, Najet; Longeon, Arlette; Couté, Alain; Domart‐Coulon, Isabelle (Environmental Microbiology, 2020)
The filamentous chlorophyte Ostreobium sp. dominates shallow marine carbonate microboring communities, and is one of the major agents of reef bioerosion. While its large genetic diversity has emerged, its physiology remains little known, with unexplored relationship between genotypes and phenotypes (endolithic versus free‐living growth forms). Here, we isolated nine strains affiliated to two lineages of Ostreobium (>8% sequence divergence of the plastid gene rbcL), one of which was assigned to the family Odoaceae, from the fast‐growing coral host Pocillopora acuta Lamarck 1816. Free‐living isolates maintained their bioerosive potential, colonizing pre‐bleached coral carbonate skeletons. We compared phenotypes, highlighting shifts in pigment and fatty acid compositions, carbon to nitrogen ratios and stable isotope compositions (δ13C and δ15N). Our data show a pattern of higher chlorophyll b and lower arachidonic acid (20:4ω6) content in endolithic versus free‐living Ostreobium. Photosynthetic carbon fixation and nitrate uptake, quantified via 8 h pulse‐labeling with 13C‐bicarbonate and 15N‐nitrate, showed lower isotopic enrichment in endolithic compared to free‐living filaments. Our results highlight the functional plasticity of Ostreobium phenotypes. The isotope tracer approach opens the way to further study the biogeochemical cycling and trophic ecology of these cryptic algae at coral holobiont and reef scales.

Functional kleptoplasts intermediate incorporation of carbon and nitrogen in cells of the Sacoglossa sea slug Elysia viridis - Cruz, Sónia; LeKieffre, Charlotte; Cartaxana, Paulo; Cédric Hubas; Najet Thiney; Jakobsen, Sofie; Escrig, Stéphane; Bruno Jesus; Kühl, Michael; Calado, Ricardo; Meibom, Anders (Scientific Reports, 2020)
Some sacoglossan sea slugs incorporate intracellular functional algal chloroplasts, a process termed kleptoplasty. “Stolen” chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) can remain photosynthetically active up to several months, contributing to animal nutrition. Whether this contribution occurs by means of translocation of photosynthesis-derived metabolites from functional kleptoplasts to the animal host or by simple digestion of such organelles remains controversial. Imaging of 13C and 15N assimilation over a 12-h incubation period of Elysia viridis sea slugs showed a light-dependent incorporation of carbon and nitrogen, observed first in digestive tubules and followed by a rapid accumulation into chloroplast-free organs. Furthermore, this work revealed the presence of 13C-labeled long-chain fatty acids (FA) typical of marine invertebrates, such as arachidonic (20:4n-6) and adrenic (22:4n-6) acids. The time frame and level of 13C- and 15N-labeling in chloroplast-free organs indicate that photosynthesis-derived primary metabolites were made available to the host through functional kleptoplasts. The presence of specific 13C-labeled long-chain FA, absent from E. viridis algal food, indicates animal based-elongation using kleptoplast-derived FA precursors. Finally, carbon and nitrogen were incorporated in organs and tissues involved in reproductive functions (albumin gland and gonadal follicles), implying a putative role of kleptoplast photosynthesis in the reproductive fitness of the animal host.

A functional m6 A‐RNA methylation pathway in the oyster Crassostrea gigas assumes epitranscriptomic regulation of lophotrochozoan development - Le Franc, Lorane; Bernay, Benoît; Petton, Bruno; Since, Marc; Pascal Favrel; Guillaume Rivière (The FEBS Journal, 2020)

Giuris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Indonesia, with description of a new species - Philippe Keith; Marion Mennesson; Sauri, S; Frédéric Busson; Delrieu-Trottin, Erwan; Limmon, G; Sukomono, T; Jiran; Risdawati, Renny; Dahruddin, Hadi; Hubert, Nicolas (Cybium, 2020)

The globally invasive small Indian mongoose Urva auropunctata is likely to spread with climate changeAbstract - Louppe, Vivien; Leroy, Boris; Herrel, Anthony; Veron, Géraldine (Scientific Reports, 2020)

Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone in teleosts: New insights from a basal representative, the eel - Maugars, G.; Pasquier, J.; Atkinson, C.; Lafont, A.-G.; Campo, A.; Kamech, Nedia; Lefranc, B.; Leprince, J.; Sylvie Dufour; Rousseau, K. (General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2020)

Hiérarchisation de la valeur de préservation des oiseaux nicheurs à enjeux : application d’un indice intégrateur pour le département d’Ille-et-Vilaine - Frédéric Ysnel; Morel, Loïs; DEVOGEL, Pierre; ALTHERR, Thomas; Dugravot, Sébastien; MOREL, Régis; LEBAS, Jean-François (Naturae, 2020)

High fidelity of sea turtles to their foraging grounds revealed by satellite tracking and capture-mark-recapture: New insights for the establishment of key marine conservation areas - Siegwalt, Flora; Benhamou, Simon; Girondot, Marc; Jeantet, Lorène; Martin, Jordan; Bonola, Marc; Lelong, Pierre; Grand, Clément; Chambault, Philippine; Benhalilou, Abdelwahab; Murgale, Céline; Maillet, Thomas; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2020)

Highly variable taxa-specific coral bleaching responses to thermal stresses - McClanahan, T.R.; Darling, E.S.; Maina, J.M.; Muthiga, NA; D'agata, S.; Leblond, J.; Arthur, R.; Jupiter, S.D.; Wilson, S.K.; Mangubhai, S.; Ussi, A.M.; Mireille M.M. Guillaume; et al. (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2020)
Complex histories of chronic and acute sea surface temperature (SST) stresses are expected to trigger taxon- and location-specific responses that will ultimately lead to novel coral communities. The 2016 El Niño-Southern Oscillation provided an opportunity to examine largescale and recent environmental histories on emerging patterns in 226 coral communities distributed across 12 countries from East Africa to Fiji. Six main coral communities were identified that largely varied across a gradient of Acropora to massive Porites dominance. Bleaching intensity was taxon-specific and was associated with complex interactions among the 20 environmental variables that we examined. Coral community structure was better aligned with the historical temperature patterns between 1985 and 2015 than the 2016 extreme temperature event. Additionally, bleaching responses observed during 2016 differed from historical reports during past warm years. Consequently, coral communities present in 2016 are likely to have been reorganized by both long-term community change and acclimation mechanisms. For example, less disturbed sites with cooler baseline temperatures, higher mean historical SST background variability, and infrequent extreme warm temperature stresses were associated with Acropora-dominated communities, while more disturbed sites with lower historical SST background variability and frequent acute warm stress were dominated by stress-resistant massive Porites corals. Overall, the combination of taxon-specific responses, community-level reorganization over time, geographic variation, and multiple environmental stressors suggest complex responses and a diversity of future coral communities that can help contextualize management priorities and activities.
Keywords: acclimation; Adaptation; Climate Change; community structure; Geography; Stress responses

Histamine and histidine decarboxylase in the olfactory system and brain of the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) - Scaros, Alexia T.; Aude Andouche; Sébastien Baratte; Croll, Roger P. (Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2020)

How good is the evidence that light at night can affect human health? - Hicks, David; Attia, Dina; Behar-Cohen, Francine; Carré, Samuel; Enouf, Olivier; Jack Falcon; Gronfier, Claude; Martinsons, Christophe; Metlaine, Arnaud; Tahkamo, Leena; Torriglia, Alicia; FrançoiseViénot (Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2020)

How to model social-ecological systems? – A case study on the effects of a future offshore wind farm on the local society and ecosystem, and whether social compensation matters - Haraldsson, M.; Raoux, A.; Riera, F.; Hay, J.; Dambacher, J.M.; Nathalie Niquil (Marine Policy, 2020)
Models of social-ecological systems (SES) are acknowledged as an important tool to understand human-nature relations. However, many SES models fail to integrate adequate information from both the human and ecological subsystems. With an example model of a future Offshore Wind Farm development and its effects on both the ecosystem and local human population, we illustrate a method facilitating a “balanced” SES model, in terms of including information from both subsystems. We use qualitative mathematical modeling, which allows to quickly analyze the structure and dynamics of a system without including quantitative data, and therefore to compare alternative system structures based on different understandings of how the system works. By including similar number of system variables in the two subsystems, we balanced the complexity between them. Our analyses show that this complexity is important in order to predict indirect and sometimes counterintuitive effects. We also highlight some conceptually important questions concerning social compensations during developmental projects in general, and wind farms in particular. Our results suggest that the more project holders get involved in various manner in the local socio-ecological system, the more society will benefit as a whole. Increased involvement through e.g. new projects or job-opportunities around the windfarm has the capacity to offset the negative effects of the windfarm on the local community. These benefits are enhanced when there is an overall acceptance and appropriation of the project. We suggest this method as a tool to support the decision-making process and to facilitate discussions between stakeholders, especially among local communities. © The Authors
Keywords: Acceptance; comparative study; Complexity; Decision making; development project; Eastern English channel; environmental impact assessment; future prospect; local participation; Network; numerical model; offshore structure; participatory approach; Perception; Qualitative modeling; quantitative analysis; Renewable energy; social impact assessment; stakeholder; wind farm

Identification and stable expression of vitellogenin receptor through vitellogenesis in the European eel - Morini, M.; Lafont, A. G.; Maugars, G.; Baloche, S.; Sylvie Dufour; Asturiano, J. F.; Pérez, L. (animal, 2020)

Identification and structural characterization of the factors involved in vitellogenesis and its regulation in the African Osteoglossiforme of aquacultural interest Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829) - Daniel Koua, N'Zi; Jesus Nuñez-Rodriguez; Orjuela, Julie; Céline Zatylny-Gaudin; Dubos, Marie-Pierre; Bernay, Benoît; Pontin, Julien; Corre, Erwan; Henry, Joël (General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2020)

In vitro effects of glyphosate-based herbicides and related adjuvants on primary culture of hemocytes from Haliotis tuberculata - Mottier, Antoine; Serpentini, Antoine; Dallas, Lorna; James, Adèle; Lebel, Jean-Marc; Katherine Costil (Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2020)

In vitro effects of glyphosate-based herbicides and related adjuvants on primary culture of hemocytes from Haliotis tuberculata - Mottier, Antoine; Antoine Serpentini; Dallas, Lorna; James, Adèle; Lebel, Jean-Marc; Katherine Costil (Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 2020)
Glyphosate-based herbicides are among the most produced and widely-used herbicides. Studies have shown that commercial formulations and adjuvants may be more toxic to non-target organisms than the active ingredients alone, but the mechanisms of action of these chemicals remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of glyphosate, a commercial formulation and adjuvant alone using primary culture of hemocytes from the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, a commonly farmed shellfish. Glyphosate was found to have negligible effects on viability, phagocytic activities and lysosome stability even with very high doses (i.e. 100 mg L-1). By contrast, greater effects on viability were observed for the commercial formulation and adjuvant alone, with EC50 values of 41.42 mg L-1 and 1.85 mg L-1, respectively. These results demonstrate that the toxic sublethal effects (i.e. phagocytic activity and destabilization of lysosomal membranes) of formulated glyphosate came from adjuvants and suggest they may be related to cell and organelle membrane destabilization.
Keywords: glyphosate; Haliotis tuberculata; Hemocytes; neutral red retention assay; Phagocytosis; POEAs; viability assay

In-Depth In Silico Search for Cuttlefish Antimicrobial Peptides Following Bacterial Challenge of Haemocytes - Benoist, Louis; Houyvet, Baptiste; Henry, Joël; Corre, Erwan; Zanuttini, Bruno; Céline Zatylny-Gaudin (Marine Drugs, 2020)

Influence of larval and juvenile life history on age at first maturity in two tropical amphidromous fish species - Lagarde, Raphaël; Teichert, Nils; Grondin, Henri; Hue, Thomas; Gaudin, Philippe; Ponton, Dominique (Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 2020)

Influence of the physiological condition of bivalve recruits on their post-settlement dispersal potential - Martin Forêt; Frédéric Olivier; Miner, P; Gesche Winkler; Nadalini, J-B; Réjean Tremblay (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2020)
Secondary dispersal (= migration) of bivalves occurs after metamorphosis and is a key recruitment process that can radically change patterns of primary settlement. An example of secondary dispersal is active migration behavior of bivalve recruits such as in bysso-pelagic drift. We hypothesize that these active migrations represent an energy cost for recruits and that the ability to actively migrate will depend upon the recruit¬ís physiological profile (quantity and quality of energy reserves). In lab experiments, we hatched 4 batches of recruits of Venus verrucosa with different physiological profiles by varying rearing temperature and diet composition. We then introduced these recruits into a fall velocity tube (5 m height) to estimate their vertical fall velocity as a proxy of their dispersal potential: slower fall velocity implies enhanced dispersal potential. We also compared alive vs. passive (dead) recruits to assess behavioral differences. Fall velocity increased logarithmically with recruit volume for each treatment, and no differences between active and passive individuals were observed for batches reared at 20°C with a mixture of Tisochrysis lutea and Chaetoceros gracilis. By contrast, active recruits in 2 other treatments (T. lutea at 20°C and a mix of C. gracilis and T. lutea at 15°C) significantly decreased their fall velocity regardless of their volume. Moreover, the ability of recruits to control their fall velocity by their behavior was correlated with triglyceride content. Recruits with the highest energy reserves had the greatest capacity to decrease their fall velocity, which suggests a major role of physiological conditions on potential secondary dispersal. We also used a benthic flume to test the substrate selection ability of recruits depending on their physiological profile and found no differences between physiologically different batches. However, V. verrucosa recruits preferred fine sediments, unlike adults, which live mainly in coarse sediment habitats; such difference in substrate preference suggests potential secondary migrations between nursery and adult areas.
Keywords: Behavior; Bivalves recruits; Energetic reserves; Physiology; secondary migrations; Venus verrucosa

An integrated investigation of the effects of ocean acidification on adult abalone (Haliotis tuberculata) - Avignon, Solène; Stéphanie Auzoux-Bordenave; Martin, Sophie; Dubois, Philippe; Badou, Aicha; Coheleach, Manon; Richard, Nicolas; Di Giglio, Sarah; Malet, Loïc; Servili, Arianna; Gaillard, Fanny; Huchette, Sylvain; et al. (ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2020)
Ocean acidification (OA) and its subsequent changes in seawater carbonate chemistry are threatening the survival of calcifying organisms.Due to their use of calcium carbonate to build their shells, marine molluscs are particularly vulnerable. This study investigated the effect of CO2-induced OA on adult European abalone (Haliotis tuberculata) using a multi-parameter approach. Biological (survival, growth), physiological (pHT of haemolymph, phagocytosis, metabolism, gene expression), and structural responses (shell strength, nano-indentation measurements,Scanning electron microscopy imaging of microstructure) were evaluated throughout a 5-month exposure to ambient (8.0) and low (7.7) pH conditions. During the first 2 months, the haemolymph pH was reduced, indicating that abalone do not compensate for the pH decrease of their internal fluid. Overall metabolism and immune status were not affected, suggesting that abalone maintain their vital functions when facing OA. However, after 4 months of exposure, adverse effects on shell growth, calcification, microstructure, and resistance were highlighted, whereas the haemolymph pH was compensated. Significant reduction in shell mechanical properties was revealed at pH 7.7, suggesting that OA altered the biomineral architecture leading to a more fragile shell. It is concluded that under lower pH, abalone metabolism is maintained at a cost to growth and shell integrity. This may impact both abalone ecology and aquaculture.
Keywords: Abalone; calcification; Gene Expression; Growth; mechanical properties; Ocean acidification; Physiology; shell microstructure

InvaCost, a public database of the economic costs of biological invasions worldwideAbstract - Diagne, C.; Leroy, B.; Gozlan, R. E.; Vaissière, A.-C.; Assailly, C.; Nuninger, L.; Roiz, D.; Jourdain, F.; Jarić, I.; Courchamp, F. (Scientific Data, 2020)

InvaCost, a public database of the economic costs of biological invasions worldwide - Diagne, C.; Leroy, B.; Gozlan, R. E.; Vaissière, A.-C.; Assailly, C.; Nuninger, L.; Roiz, D.; Jourdain, F.; Jarić, I.; Courchamp, F. (Scientific Data, 2020)

Involvement of GLWamide neuropeptides in polyp contraction of the adult stony coral Euphyllia ancora - Shikina, Shinya; Chiu, Yi-Ling; Zhang, Yan; Yi-ChenYao; Liu, Tai-Yu; Tsai, Pin-Hsuan; Céline Zatylny-Gaudin; Chang, Ching-Fong (Scientific Reports, 2020)
The existence and function of neurons remain largely unexplored in scleractinian corals. To gain a better understanding of neuronal functions in coral physiology, this study focused on Glycine-Leucine-Tryptophan-amide family neuropeptides (GLWamides), which have been shown to induce muscle contraction and larval metamorphosis in other cnidarians. Molecular identification and functional characterization of GLWamides in the adult stony coral Euphyllia ancora were performed. We successfully elucidated the full-length cDNA of GLWamide preprohormone in E. ancora (named EaGLW preprohormone). The deduced amino acid sequence was predicted to contain six potential GLWamide peptides. Tissue distribution analysis demonstrated that transcripts of EaGLW preprohormone were mainly expressed in the mouth (including the pharynx) and tentacles of the polyps. Immunodetection with an anti-GLWamide monoclonal antibody revealed that GLWamide neurons were mainly distributed in the epidermis of the mouth region and tentacle, in agreement with the distribution patterns of the transcripts. Treatment of the isolated mouth and tentacles with synthetic GLWamide peptides induced the contraction of these isolated tissues. Treatment of polyps with synthetic GLWamide peptides induced the contraction of polyps. These results suggest that GLWamides are involved in polyp contraction (myoactivity) in adult scleractinians. Our data provide new information on the physiological function of neuropeptides in scleractinians.

Isotopic analyses, a good tool to validate models in the context of Marine Renewable Energy development and cumulative impacts - Raoux, A.; Pezy, J.-P.; Ernande, B.; Nathalie Niquil; Dauvin, J.-C.; Grangeré, K. (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2020)
As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) constructions in the next decades. An integrated ecosystem approach of two future OWF sites of the Eastern English Channel (Courseulles-sur-mer and Dieppe-Le Tréport) was developed to model the marine ecosystems before the OWF implementation. Such ecosystem models allow simulating the possible reef and reserve effects associated to the presence of the farm, and to character the overall changes in the food-web functioning. This holistic view of OWF effects could be replicated on other sites and form the basis of an ecosystem based management of marine renewable energies. However, to use these models for management purpose, they need to be validated. In order to do so, stable isotope ratios of nitrogen were used for determining the accuracy of the effective trophic levels computed in these two models. Results showed that trophic levels estimated by the two models were consistent with the trophic levels estimated by the independent isotopic data. In the context of OWF development and cumulative impacts analysis, this step of validation of the models is essential for developing their use by management actors and policy makers. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: alternative energy; detection method; Dieppe; Ecopath with Ecosim; ecosystem approach; English Channel; food web; France; Isotopic nitrogen analysis; marine ecosystem; model validation; Normandie; Offshore wind farm; policy making; Seine Maritime; trophic level; wind farm

Laminariales Host Does Impact Lipid Temperature Trajectories of the Fungal Endophyte Paradendryphiella salina (Sutherland.) - Vallet, Marine; Tarik Meziane; Najet Thiney; Prado, Soizic; Cédric Hubas (Marine Drugs, 2020)
Kelps are colonized by a wide range of microbial symbionts. Among them, endophytic fungi remain poorly studied, but recent studies evidenced yet their high diversity and their central role in algal defense against various pathogens. Thus, studying the metabolic expressions of kelp endophytes under different conditions is important to have a better understanding of their impacts on host performance. In this context, fatty acid composition is essential to a given algae fitness and of interest to food web studies either to measure its nutritional quality or to infer about its contribution to consumers diets. In the present study, Paradendryphiella salina, a fungal endophyte was isolated from Saccharina latissima (L.) and Laminaria digitata (Hudson.) and its fatty acid composition was assessed at increasing salinity and temperature conditions. Results showed that fungal composition in terms of fatty acids displayed algal-dependent trajectories in response to temperature increase. This highlights that C18 unsaturated fatty acids are key components in the host-dependant acclimation of P. salina to salinity and temperature changes
Keywords: fatty acids; fungal endophytes; laminariales; Paradendryphiella salina

Large geographic variability in the resistance of corals to thermal stress - McClanahan, Timothy R.; Maina, Joseph M.; Darling, Emily S.; Mireille M.M. Guillaume; Muthiga, Nyawira A.; D’agata, Stephanie; Leblond, Julien; Arthur, Rohan; Jupiter, Stacy D.; Wilson, Shaun K.; Mangubhai, Sangeeta; Ussi, Ali M.; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2020)
Aim: Predictions for the future of coral reefs are largely based on thermal exposure and poorly account for potential geographic variation in biological sensitivity to thermal stress. Without accounting for complex sensitivity responses, simple climate exposure models and associated predictions may lead to poor estimates of future coral survival and lead to policies that fail to identify and implement the most appropriate interventions. To begin filling this gap, we evaluated a number of attributes of coral taxa and communities that are predicted to influence coral resistance to thermal stress over a large geographic range. Location: Western Indo‐Pacific and Central Indo‐Pacific Ocean Realms. Major taxa studied: Zooxanthellate Scleractinia – hard corals. Methods: We evaluated the geographic variability of coral resistance to thermal stress as the ratio of thermal exposure and sensitivity in 12 countries during the 2016 global‐bleaching event. Thermal exposure was estimated by two metrics: (a) historical excess summer heat (cumulative thermal anomaly, CTA), and (b) a multivariate index of sea‐surface temperature (SST), light, and water flow (climate exposure, CE). Sensitivity was estimated for 226 sites using coordinated bleaching observations and underwater surveys of coral communities. We then evaluated coral resistance to thermal stress using 48 generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to compare the potential influences of geography, historical SST variation, coral cover and coral richness. Results: Geographic faunal provinces and ecoregions were the strongest predictors of coral resistance to thermal stress, with sites in the Australian, Indonesian and Fiji‐Caroline Islands coral provinces having higher resistance to thermal stress than Africa‐India and Japan‐Vietnam provinces. Ecoregions also showed strong gradients in resistance with highest resistance to thermal stress in the western Pacific and Coral Triangle and lower resistance in the surrounding ecoregions. A more detailed evaluation of Coral Triangle and non‐Coral Triangle sites found higher resistance to thermal stress within the Coral Triangle, associated with c. 2.5 times more recent historical thermal anomalies and more centralized, warmer, and cool‐water skew SST distributions, than in non‐Coral Triangle sites. Our findings identify the importance of environmental history and geographic context in future predictions of bleaching, and identify some potential drivers of coral resistance to thermal stress. Main conclusions: Simple threshold models of heat stress and coral acclimation are commonly used to predict the future of coral reefs. Here and elsewhere we show that large‐scale responses of coral communities to heat stress are geographically variable and associated with differential environmental stresses and histories.

A Lean and Performant Hierarchical Model for Human Activity Recognition Using Body-Mounted Sensors - Debache, Isaac; Jeantet, Lorène; Chevallier, Damien; Bergouignan, Audrey; Sueur, Cédric (Sensors, 2020)

Les effets du réchauffement climatique sur le métabolisme : les poissons, d’excellents indicateurs - Jack Falcon (2020)
Keywords: photopériode; Poissons; réchauffement climatique; Temperature

Les poissons d’eau douce de France - Philippe Keith; Poulet, Nicolas; Denys, Gaël; Changeux Thomas; Eric Feunteun; Persat, Henri (Biotope Editions, Mèze ; Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (collection Inventaires et biodiversité), 2020)

The life and times of Olivier Kah through the lens of fish endocrinologists - Trudeau, Vance L.; Sylvie Dufour; Prunet, Patrick (General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2020)

Lipidome variations of deep-sea vent shrimps according to acclimation pressure: A homeoviscous response? - Bruce Shillito; Desurmont, C.; Barthelemy, D.; Farabos, D.; Després, G.; Juliette Ravaux; Zbinden, M.; Lamazière, A. (Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2020)

Looking for environmental and endocrine factors inducing the transformation of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Sicydiinae) freshwater prolarvae into marine larvae - Ellien, Céline; Causse, Romain; Werner, Ugo; Teichert, Nils; Rousseau, Karine (Aquatic Ecology, 2020)

A macroscopic and stereological imaging dataset of Pleuronectes platessa ovariesAbstract - Sauger, Carine; Quinquis, Jérôme; Kellner, Kristell; Clothilde Heude-Berthelin; Lepoittevin, Mélanie; Elie, Nicolas; Dubroca, Laurent (Scientific Data, 2020)

Matching zooplankton abundance and environment in the South Indian Ocean and Southern Ocean - Godet, Claire; Robuchon, Marine; Leroy, Boris; Cotté, Cédric; Baudena, Alberto; Da Silva, Ophélie; Fabri-Ruiz, Salomé; Lo Monaco, Claire; Sergi, Sara; Koubbi, Philippe (Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2020)

The mathematical influence on global patterns of biodiversity - Grégory Beaugrand; Kirby, Richard R; Goberville, Eric (Ecology and Evolution, 2020)
Although we understand how species evolve, we do not appreciate how this process has filled an empty world to create current patterns of biodiversity. Here, we conduct a numerical experiment to determine why biodiversity varies spatially on our planet. We show that spatial patterns of biodiversity are mathematically constrained and arise from the interaction between the species’ ecological niches and environmental variability that propagates to the community level. Our results allow us to explain key biological observations such as (a) latitudinal biodiversity gradients (LBGs) and especially why oceanic LBGs primarily peak at midlatitudes while terrestrial LBGs generally exhibit a maximum at the equator, (b) the greater biodiversity on land even though life first evolved in the sea, (c) the greater species richness at the seabed than at the sea surface, and (d) the higher neritic (i.e., species occurring in areas with a bathymetry lower than 200 m) than oceanic (i.e., species occurring in areas with a bathymetry higher than 200 m) biodiversity. Our results suggest that a mathematical constraint originating from a fundamental ecological interaction, that is, the niche–environment interaction, fixes the number of species that can establish regionally by speciation or migration.
Keywords: Biodiversity; ecological niche; large-scale patterns in species richness; models; theory

Microbial functional structure and stable isotopic variation of leptocephali across three current zones in the western South Pacific - Leopold Ghinter; Christine Dupuy; Michael J. Miller; Alexandre Carpentier; Christel Lefrançois; Anthony Acou; Jun Aoyama; Mari Kuroki; Liénart, Camilla; Shun Watanabe; Katsumi Tsukamoto; Tsuguo Otake; et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2020)
The ecology of leptocephali remains poorly known but they appear to feed on marine snow that can vary spatially and temporally according to the food web dynamics. This study provided new information about the position of leptocephali within the functional structure of microbial plankton and other food web components of the western South Pacific (WSP) region at a large geographic scale including the New Caledonia, Fiji, and Samoa islands. The hydrographic structure varied with latitude, and nutrient levels were generally low but somewhat variable. Stable isotopic signatures were examined in relation to the 3 current zones of the eastward flowing South Equatorial Countercurrent (SECC; north), the westward South Equatorial Current (SEC; mid-latitudes), and the eastward South Tropical Countercurrent (STCC; south), and all zones were found to be primarily based on a heterotrophic planktonic functioning that were co-limited by inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, with biomasses of planktonic groups varying with depth. Isotopic signatures of leptocephali were compared to the signatures of other mesozoplankton, micronekton, and Trichodesmium components of the food web, and in relation to the signatures of particulate organic matter (POM) that varied among the 3 collection depths. The isotopic signatures of six taxa of leptocephali, other taxonomic groups and POM showed interesting variability according to latitude and among some stations. The presence of Trichodesmium at the surface in the STCC zone influenced the isotopic signatures of POM and thus the signatures of leptocephali. The signatures of leptocephali were therefore linked with the overall food web and were consistent with the larvae feeding on marine snow components of POM. The two apparent groups of leptocephali with different isotopic signatures that have also been observed in other oceanic areas may be explained by feeding behavior at different depths or on different types of marine snow.
Keywords: Isotopic signature; Leptocephali; Meso-macro-zooplankton; Microbial loop; Micronekton; POM; Western South Pacific

Modelling European small pelagic fish distribution: Methodological insights - Schickele, Alexandre; Leroy, Boris; Grégory Beaugrand; Goberville, Eric; Hattab, Tarek; Patrice Francour; Virginie Raybaud (Ecological Modelling, 2020)
The distribution of marine organisms is strongly influenced by climatic gradients worldwide. The ecological niche (sensu Hutchinson) of a species, i.e. the combination of environmental tolerances and resources required by an organism, interacts with the environment to determine its geographical range. This duality between niche and distribution allows climate change biologists to model potential species’ distributions from past to future conditions. While species distribution models (SDMs) have been intensively used over the last years, no consensual framework to parametrise, calibrate and evaluate models has emerged. Here, to model the contemporary (1990–2017) spatial distribution of seven highly harvested European small pelagic fish species, we implemented a comprehensive and replicable numerical procedure based on 8 SDMs (7 from the Biomod2 framework plus the NPPEN model). This procedure considers critical issues in species distribution modelling such as sampling bias, pseudo-absence selection, model evaluation and uncertainty quantification respectively through (i) an environmental filtration of observation data, (ii) a convex hull based pseudo-absence selection, (iii) a multi-criteria evaluation of model outputs and (iv) an ensemble modelling approach. By mitigating environmental sampling bias in observation data and by identifying the most ecologically relevant predictors, our framework helps to improve the modelling of fish species’ environmental suitability. Not only average temperature, but also temperature variability appears as major factors driving small pelagic fish distribution, and areas of highest environmental suitability were found along the north-western Mediterranean coasts, the Bay of Biscay and the North Sea. We demonstrate in this study that the use of appropriate data pre-processing techniques, an often-overlooked step in modelling, increase model predictive performance, strengthening our confidence in the reliability of predictions.
Keywords: Convex hull; Pseudo-absence; Sampling bias; Small pelagic fish; species distribution models; uncertainty

Modelling leatherback biphasic indeterminate growth using a modified Gompertz equation - Chevallier, Damien; Mourrain, Baptiste; Girondot, Marc (Ecological Modelling, 2020)

Navicula dermochelycola sp. nov., presumably an exclusively epizoic diatom on sea turtles Dermochelys coriacea and Lepidochelys olivacea from French Guiana - Riaux-Gobin, Catherine; Witkowski, Andrzej; Kociolek, John Patrick; Chevallier, Damien (Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 2020)

Needlepoint non-destructive internal sampling for precious fish specimens - Vincent Haÿ; Marion Mennesson; Agnès Dettai; Céline Bonillo; Philippe Keith; Clara Lord (Cybium, 2020)
In this paper, we describe a new non-damaging internal tissue sampling method for preserved collection of teleostean specimens. It was tested on freshwater pipefish, as external tissue sampling is made difficult by the lack of scales, the lack of pelvic fins, the atrophy of pectoral and anal fins. The internal tissue is detached by scratching the inside of the urogenital papilla with a fine metallic probe. 95% ethanol is injected using a fine syringe, and then sucked back into the syringe with the detached tissue. this protocol has been tested on 6 specimens from 5 species of pipefish. For each specimen DNA was extracted from the internal tissue, a caudal fin clip, and when possible, eggs sampled from the male brooding pouch. Partial Cytochrome c oxydase I (COI) was amplified and sequenced. For each specimen, the 582 bp long sequences obtained from the internal tissue, the fin clip and the eggs were identical. These results validate this non-damaging internal tissue sampling method, which leaves absolutely no trace on the specimen. Although this method was developed on pipefish, it could be applied to other teleostean, even precious museum collection specimens such as type specimens. the aim of this paper, using the example of freshwater pipefish, is to present this method, which aims at preserving precious collection specimens while still valorising them.

A new freshwater crab of the family Hymenosomatidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and an updated review of the hymenosomatid fauna of New Caledonia - Guinot, Danièle; de Mazancourt, Valentin (European Journal of Taxonomy, 2020)
A new genus and species, Richerius marqueti gen. et sp. nov., of a crab of the family Hymenosomatidae MacLeay, 1838 are described from the inland waters of New Caledonia based on several specimens collected in two streams at altitudes of 180 m and 500 m, respectively. Richerius marqueti gen. et sp. nov. was compared to the other freshwater species known in New Caledonia, Odiomaris pilosus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873), and to species of Amarinus Lucas, 1980, a genus comprising many freshwater species in New Zealand, Australia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea, but never recorded in New Caledonia. The barcode fragment of the COI mitochondrial gene was sequenced for seven specimens of R. marqueti gen. et sp. nov., and all sequences were deposited in GenBank. A brief and updated review of the New Caledonian marine and freshwater hymenosmatid fauna is provided.
Keywords: COI; New Caledonia; new genus; New species; Richerius marqueti

New histological information on Holoptychius Agassiz, 1839 (Sarcopterygii, Porolepiformes) provides insights into the palaeoecological implications and evolution of the basal plate of the scales of osteichthyans - Mondéjar Fernández, Jorge; François J Meunier (Historical Biology, 2020)
The porolepiform Holoptychius Agassiz, 1839 from the Upper Devonian is one of the most widely found vertebrates in the Palaeozoic fossil record. Holoptychius is considered to display a more ubiquitous mode of life and a greater potential of dispersion than any other sarcopterygian taxon, consistent with its cosmopolitan distribution and profuse fossil record, mainly represented by scales. Previous studies on the squamation of Holoptychius have discussed the variable ornamentation of the superficial layer; however, the basal plate has been less explored. Here we furnish new histological data on the scales of Holoptychius, focusing on the mineralisation rate and organisation of the lamellar bone. Ground sections show that the basal plate is made of a stacking of thick collagenous layers with a plywood-like structure. Collagenous fibres are parallel within layers, with two successive layers orthogonally arranged and with every second layer rotated by an angle of 36º. This condition, known as a double-twisted plywood-like organisation, is similar to that of other sarcopterygians like Eusthenopteron and extant coelacanths and dipnoans. The new palaeohistological data provide insights into the morphofunctional, palaeoecological and phylogenetical implications of the microstructural characteristics of the scales, adding to our knowledge of the histological diversity of osteichthyans.

No way home: collapse in northern gannet survival rates point to critical marine ecosystem perturbation - Grémillet, David; Clara Péron; Lescroël, Amélie; Fort, Jérôme; Patrick, Samantha C.; Besnard, Aurélien; Provost, Pascal (Marine Biology, 2020)

Novel α-Hydroxy γ-Butenolides of Kelp Endophytes Disrupt Bacterial Cell-to-Cell Signaling - Vallet, Marine; Chong, Yee-Meng; Tourneroche, Anne; Genta-Jouve, Gregory; Cédric Hubas; Lami, Raphaël; Gachon, Claire M. M.; Klochkova, Tatyana; Chan, Kok-Gan; Prado, Soizic (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Objective record of Epinephelus marginatus (Serranidae: Epinephelinae) from the Sultanate of Oman (Arabian Sea) - Bearez, Philippe; Marion Mennesson; Pellé, E (Cybium, 2020)

Ocean acidification impacts growth and shell mineralization in juvenile abalone (Haliotis tuberculata) - Stéphanie Auzoux-Bordenave; Wessel, Nathalie; Badou, Aicha; Martin, Sophie; M’Zoudi, Saloua; Avignon, Solène; Roussel, Sabine; Huchette, Sylvain; Dubois, Philippe (Marine Biology, 2020)
Ocean acidification is a major global driver that leads to substantial changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, with potentially serious consequences for calcifying organisms. Marine shelled molluscs are ecologically and economically important species, providing essential ecosystem services and food sources for other species. Due to their physiological characteristics and their use of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to build their shells, molluscs are among the most vulnerable invertebrates with regard to ocean acidification, with early developmental stages being particularly sensitive to pH changes. This study investigated the effects of CO2-induced ocean acidification on juveniles of the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, a commercially important gastropod species. Six-month-old juvenile abalones were cultured for 3 months at four pH levels (8.1, 7.8, 7.7, 7.6) representing current and predicted near-future conditions. Survival, growth, shell microstructure, thickness and strength were compared across the four pH treatments. After three months of exposure, significant reductions in juvenile shell length, weight and strength were revealed in the pH 7.6 treatment. SEM observations also revealed modified texture and porosity of the shell mineral layers as well as alterations of the periostracum at pH 7.6 which was the only treatment with an aragonite saturation state below 1. It is concluded that low pH induces both general effects on growth mechanisms and corrosion of deposited shell in H. tuberculata. This will impact both the ecological role of this species and the costs of its aquaculture.
Keywords: Abalone; Growth; Juvenile; Ocean acidification; Shell mineralization

-Omic Analysis of the Sepia officinalis White Body: New Insights into Multifunctionality and Haematopoiesis Regulation - Benoist, Louis; Corre, Erwan; Bernay, Benoît; Henry, Joël; Céline Zatylny-Gaudin (Journal of Proteome Research, 2020)

The onset of piscivory in a freshwater fish species: analysis of behavioural and physiological traits - Tatiana Colchen; Dias, Andréa; Gisbert, Enric; Teletchea, Fabrice; Fontaine, Pascal; Pasquet, Alain (Journal of Fish Biology, 2020)
The onset of piscivory in fish, resulting in a shift from zooplankton or invertebrate to fish prey, was studied on pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae displaying and not dis- playing piscivorous behaviour at different ages (23, 30, 37, 44 and 52 days post- hatching) using behavioural (attack, capture and swimming activity), morphological (allometry) and digestive enzymatic (trypsin, α-amylase and pepsin) analyses. The shift from zooplanktonic food items (Artemia nauplii) to a piscivorous diet did not occur at the same time for all individuals within the same cohort. Predation tests, conducted under controlled conditions (20C; ad libitum feeding), showed that some larvae attacked fish prey as early as the age of 3 weeks [11.0 ± 1.3 mm total length (TL)], whereas others did not start until the age of 6 weeks (16.6 ± 1.9 mm TL). Piscivorous individuals were bigger, with larger heads, longer tails, higher acid protease and lower alkaline protease activities, than non-piscivorous conspecifics. In conclusion, high interindividual variability in morphological and digestive system developments linked to the development of predatory abilities could induce cannibalism in fish.
Keywords: behavioural tests; early life stages; freshwater fish; predatory behaviour; Sander lucioperca

An open-source framework to model present and future marine species distributions at local scale - Ben Rais Lasram, F.; Hattab, T.; Nogues, Quentin; Beaugrand, G.; Dauvin, J.C.; Halouani, G.; Le Loc'h, F.; Nathalie Niquil; Leroy, B. (Ecological Informatics, 2020)
Species Distribution Models (SDMs) are useful tools to project potential future species distributions under climate change scenarios. Despite the ability to run SDMs in recent and reliable tools, there are some misuses and proxies that are widely practiced and rarely addressed together, particularly when dealing with marine species. In this paper, we propose an open-source framework that includes (i) a procedure for homogenizing occurrence data to reduce the influence of sampling bias, (ii) a procedure for generating pseudo-absences, (iii) a hierarchical-filter approach, (iv) full incorporation of the third dimension by considering climatic variables at multiple depths and (v) building of maps that predict current and potential future ranges of marine species. This framework is available for non-modeller ecologists interested in investigating future species ranges with a user-friendly script. We investigated the robustness of the framework by applying it to marine species of the Eastern English Channel. Projections were built for the middle and the end of this century under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: Climate Change; ecological modeling; English Channel; filter; future prospect; hierarchical system; marine ecosystem; sampling; scenario analysis; species diversity

An open-source framework to model present and future marine species distributions at local scale - Ben Rais Lasram, Frida; Hattab, Tarek; Nogues, Quentin; Beaugrand, Grégory; Dauvin, Jean Claude; Halouani, Ghassen; Le Loc'h, Francois; Nathalie Niquil; Leroy, Boris (Ecological Informatics, 2020)

Origin and Evolution of the Neuroendocrine Control of Reproduction in Vertebrates, With Special Focus on Genome and Gene Duplications - Sylvie Dufour; Quérat, Bruno; Tostivint, Hervé; Pasqualini, Catherine; Vaudry, Hubert; Rousseau, Karine (Physiological Reviews, 2020)

Passive rewilding may (also) restore phylogenetically rich and functionally resilient forest plant communities. - Morel, Loïs; Barbe, Lou; Jung, Vincent; Clément, Bernard; Schnitzler, Annik; Frédéric Ysnel (Ecol Appl, 2020)
Passive rewilding is increasingly seen as a promising tool to counterbalance biodiversity losses and recover native forest ecosystems. One key question, crucial to understanding assembly processes and conservation issues underlying land-use change, is the extent to which functional and phylogenetic diversity may recover in spontaneous recent woodlands. Here, we compared understorey plant communities of recent woodlands (which result from afforestation on agricultural lands during the 20th century) with those of ancient forests (uninterrupted for several centuries) in a hotspot of farmland abandonment in western Europe. We combined taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity metrics to detect potential differences in community composition, structure (richness, divergence), conservation importance (functional originality and specialization, evolutionary distinctiveness) and resilience (functional redundancy, response diversity). The recent and ancient forests harbored clearly distinct compositions, especially regarding the taxonomic and phylogenetic facets. Recent woodlands had higher taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic richness and a higher evolutionary distinctiveness, whereas functional divergence and phylogenetic divergence were higher in ancient forests. On another hand, we did not find any significant differences in functional specialization, originality, redundancy, or response diversity between recent and ancient forests. Our study constitutes one of the first empirical pieces of evidence that recent woodlands may spontaneously regain plant communities phylogenetically rich and functionally resilient, at least as much as those of ancient relict forests. As passive rewilding is the cheapest restoration method, we suggest that it should be a very useful tool to restore and conserve native forest biodiversity and functions, especially when forest areas are restricted and fragmented.
Keywords: Biodiversity; Ecosystem; Europe; Forests; Phylogeny

Phylogeny and Biogeography of Spinicaudata (Crustacea: Branchiopoda). - Schwentner, Martin; Nicolas Rabet; Richter, Stefan; Giribet, Gonzalo; Padhye, Sameer; Cart, Jean-Francois; Céline Bonillo; Rogers, D Christopher (Zool Stud, 2020)
Spinicaudata (spiny clam shrimp) is a taxon of Branchiopoda occurring since the Devonian and today it occurs nearly globally in temporary water bodies. We present the most species-rich phylogenetic analyses of this taxon based on four molecular loci: , , and . Our results support previous findings that Cyzicidae is paraphyletic. To render Cyzicidae monophyletic we establish a fourth extant spinicaudatan family to accommodate . Within Cyzicidae, none of the genera , or are monophyletic, and the morphological characters used to define these genera (condyle length and rostrum shape) are not associated with well-delimited clades within Cyzicidae. There is insufficient resolution to elucidate the relationships within Leptestheriidae. However, there is sufficient evidence to show that the leptestheriid genera and are non-monophyletic, and there is no support for the genus . Molecular clock analyses suggest that the wide geographic distribution of many spinicaudatan taxa across multiple continents is largely based on vicariance associated with the break-up of Pangea and Gondwana. Trans-oceanic dispersal has occurred in some taxa (, and within Leptestheriidae) but has been relatively rare. Our results highlight the need to revise the taxonomy of Cyzicidae and Leptestheriidae and provide evidence that the global spinicaudatan diversity may be underestimated due to the presence of numerous cryptic species. We establish Eocyzicidae fam. nov. to accommodate the genus . Consequently, Cyzicidae comprises only two genera - and . occurs also in Africa and Asia and new comb. is assigned to this genus.

Phylogeny of African fruit bats (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) based on complete mitochondrial genomes - Hassanin, Alexandre; Céline Bonillo; Tshikung, Didier; Pongombo Shongo, Célestin; Pourrut, Xavier; Kadjo, Blaise; Nakouné, Emmanuel; Tu, Vuong Tan; Prié, Vincent; Goodman, Steven M. (Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 2020)
Members of the family Pteropodidae, also known as Old World fruit bats, are represented in Africa by 14 genera and 44 species. Here, we sequenced 67 complete mitochondrial genomes from African and Asian pteropodids to better understand the evolutionary history of the subfamily Rousettinae, which includes most of the African species. An increased frequency of guanine to adenine transitions is detected in the mtDNA genomes of Macroglossus sobrinus and all species of Casinycteris and Scotonycteris. Our phylogenetic and molecular dating analyses based on 126 taxa and 15,448 characters indicate a low signal for deep relationships within the family, suggesting a rapid diversification during the Late Oligocene period of "warming." Within the subfamily Rousettinae, most nodes are highly supported by our different analyses (all nucleotide sites, SuperTRI analyses of a sliding window, transversions only, coding genes only, and amino acid sequences). The results indicate the existence of four tribes: Rousettini-distributed from Africa through Mediterranean region and South Asia to South-East Asia; Eonycterini-found in Asia; and Epomophorini and Scotonycterini-restricted to sub-Saharan Africa. Although most interspecies relationships are highly supported, three parts of the Rousettinae mitochondrial tree are still unresolved, suggesting rapid diversification: (a) among the three subtribes Epomophorina (Epomophorus sensu lato, i.e., including Micropteropus, Epomops, Hypsignathus, Nanonycteris), Plerotina (Plerotes), and Myonycterina (Myonycteris, Megaloglossus) in the Late Miocene; (b) among Epomops, Hypsignathus, and other species of Epomophorina at the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary; and (c) among Myonycteris species in the Early Pleistocene. Within the Epomophorini, Stenonycteris lanosus emerged first, suggesting that lingual echolocation may have appeared in the common ancestor of Epomophorini and Rousettini. Our analyses suggest that multiple events of mtDNA introgression occurred within the Epomophorus species complex during the Pleistocene.

Physical properties of epilithic river biofilm as a new lead to perform pollution bioassessments in overseas territories - Monti, Dominique; Cédric Hubas; Lourenço, Xavier; Begarin, Farid; Haouisée, Alexandre; Romana, Laurence; Lefrançois, Estelle; Jestin, Alexandra; Budzinski, Hélène; Tapie, Nathalie; Risser, Théo; Mansot, Jean-Louis; et al. (Scientific Reports, 2020)
Chlordecone (CLD) levels measured in the rivers of the French West Indies were among the highest values detected worldwide in freshwater ecosystems, and its contamination is recognised as a severe health, environmental, agricultural, economic, and social issue. In these tropical volcanic islands, rivers show strong originalities as simplified food webs, or numerous amphidromous migrating species, making the bioindication of contaminations a difficult issue. The objective of this study was to search for biological responses to CLD pollution in a spatially fixed and long-lasting component of the rivers in the West Indies: the epilithic biofilm. Physical properties were investigated through complementary analyses: friction, viscosity as well as surface adhesion were analyzed and coupled with measures of biofilm carbon content and exopolymeric substance (EPS) production. Our results have pointed out a mesoscale chemical and physical reactivity of the biofilm that can be correlated with CLD contamination. We were able to demonstrate that epilithic biofilm physical properties can effectively be used to infer freshwater environmental quality of French Antilles rivers. The friction coefficient is reactive to contamination and well correlated to carbon content and EPS production. Monitoring biofilm physical properties could offer many advantages to potential users in terms of effectiveness and ease of use, rather than more complex or time-consuming analyses.

Predicting species richness and abundance of tropical post-larval fish using machine learning - Jaonalison, H; Durand, JD; Mahafina, J; Demarcq, H; Teichert, Nils; Ponton, D (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2020)
No previous studies predicted post-larval fish species richness and abundance combining molecular tools, machine learning, and past-days Remotely Sensed Oceanic Conditions (RSOCs) at different scales. Previous studies aimed at modeling species richness and abundance of marine fishes have mostly used environmental variables recorded locally during sampling. They have merely focused on juvenile and adult fishes due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate species richness estimates for post-larvae. The present work predicted post-larval species richness (identified using DNA barcoding) and abundance at two coastal sites in SW Madagascar using random forests (RF). RF models were fitted using combinations of local variables with RSOCs at a small-scale (eight days preceding fish sampling in a 50x120 km2 area), mesoscale (sixteen past-days in 100x200 km2), and large-scale (twenty-four past-days in 200x300 km2). RF models combining local and small-scale RSOC variables predicted more accurately the species richness and abundance with around 70% and 60% accuracy, respectively. We observed a small variation of RF model performance in predicting species richness and abundance among all sites, highlighting the predictive RF model consistency. Moreover, partial dependence plots showed that high species richness and abundance were predicted for sea surface temperatures <27.0°C and chlorophyll a concentrations <0.22 mg m-3. Referring to temporal changes of these variables, these thresholds were solely observed from November to December. These results suggest that, in SW Madagascar, species richness and abundance of post-larval fish may only be predicted prior to the ecological impacts of tropical storms on larval settlement success.

Premier signalement en France du Barbeau de Graells Luciobarbus graellsii (Steindachner, 1866) (Actinopterygii, Cypriniformes) - MASSEBOEUF, Fabrice; Doadrio, Ignacio; Denys, Gaël (Naturae, 2020)

Public Perceptions of Mangrove Forests Matter for Their Conservation - Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid; Ajonina, Gordon N.; Amir, A. Aldrie; Andradi-Brown, Dominic A.; Aziz, Irfan; Balke, Thorsten; Barbier, Edward B.; Cannicci, Stefano; Cragg, Simon M.; Cunha-Lignon, Marília; Curnick, David J.; Duarte, Carlos M.; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)
Iconic species and landscapes attract public attention to help reverse the degradation of ecosystems and their biodiversity (Thompson and Rog, 2019); sharing their images on social media can act as a powerful way to influence perceptions and drive positive actions by the public (Wu et al., 2018). Social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram have been used to great effect to communicate the urgency required to halt and reverse tropical forest loss (Lamb et al., 2005) and the plight of coral reefs (Curnock et al., 2019). Ecosystems such as seagrass meadows, mudflats, and mangrove forests receive substantially less media exposure (Duarte et al., 2008). Yet these under-recognized ecosystems are hugely important for local and global societies, providing benefits such as shoreline protection (Barbier, 2016), fisheries (Carrasquilla-Henao and Juanes, 2017), carbon capture and storage (Duarte et al., 2013), alongside supporting rich marine and terrestrial biodiversity (Sievers et al., 2019; Thompson and Rog, 2019) (Figure 1). Apart from these important ecosystem functions, goods and services, mangrove forests are home to a huge diversity of organisms with ecologically and evolutionarily unique adaptations to life in the intertidal zone, including vivipary and salt tolerance in trees, air-breathing in crabs and amphibious behavior in fish (mudskippers); this makes mangrove forests a dynamic and fascinating evolutionary laboratory.

Quantitative food web modeling unravels the importance of the microphytobenthos-meiofauna pathway for a high trophic transfer by meiofauna in soft-bottom intertidal food webs. - van der Heijden, L.H.; Nathalie Niquil; Haraldsson, M.; Asmus, R.M.; Pacella, S.R.; Graeve, M.; Rzeznik-Orignac, J.; Asmus, H.; Saint-Béat, B.; Lebreton, B. (Ecological Modelling, 2020)
Meiofauna are known to have an important role on many ecological processes, although, their role in food web dynamics is often poorly understood, partially as they have been an overlooked and under sampled organism group. Here, we used quantitative food web modeling to evaluate the trophic relationship between meiofauna and their food sources and how meiofauna can mediate the carbon flow to higher trophic levels in five contrasting soft-bottom intertidal habitats (including seagrass beds, mudflats and sandflats). Carbon flow networks were constructed using the linear inverse model-Markov chain Monte Carlo technique, with increased resolution of the meiofauna compartments (i.e. biomass and feeding ecology of the different trophic groups of meiofauna) compared to most previous modeling studies. These models highlighted that the flows between the highly productive microphytobenthos and the meiofauna compartments play an important role in transferring carbon to the higher trophic levels, typically more efficiently so than macrofauna. The pathway from microphytobenthos to meiofauna represented the largest flow in all habitats and resulted in high production of meiofauna independent of habitat. All trophic groups of meiofauna, except for selective deposit feeders, had a very high dependency on microphytobenthos. Selective deposit feeders relied instead on a wider range of food sources, with varying contributions of bacteria, microphytobenthos and sediment organic matter. Ecological network analyses (e.g. cycling, throughput and ascendency) of the modeled systems highlighted the close positive relationship between the food web efficiency and the assimilation of high-quality food sources by primary consumers, e.g. meiofauna and macrofauna. Large proportions of these flows can be attributed to trophic groups of meiofauna. The sensitivity of the network properties to the representation of meiofauna in the models leads to recommending a greater attention in ecological data monitoring and integrating meiofauna into food web models. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: Carbon; Carbon flow networks; deposit feeder; Deposits; Ecological network analysis; Ecological process; Ecosystems; Feeding; Feeding ecology; food web; Food web model; intertidal community; intertidal habitats; Inverse problems; linear inverse model; Linear inverse models; Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques; Markov chains; Meiofauna; Microphytobenthos; Monte Carlo methods; Phytobenthos; quantitative analysis; Sediment organic matters; soft-bottom environment; stable isotope mixing models; trophic level; Trophic relationships; Trophic structure

Realistic environmental exposure to microplastics does not induce biological effects in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas - Revel, Messika; Châtel, Amélie; Perrein-Ettajani, Hanane; Bruneau, Mélanie; Akcha, Farida; Sussarellu, Rossana; Rouxel, Julien; Katherine Costil; Decottignies, Priscilla; Cognie, Bruno; Lagarde, Fabienne; Mouneyrac, Catherine (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2020)
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence and potential toxic effects of plastic fragments(< 400μm) of polyethylene and polypropylene on the Pacific oysterCrassostrea gigas.Oysters were exposed toenvironmentally relevant concentrations (0, 0.008, 10, 100μg of particles/L) during 10 days, followed by adepuration period of 10 days in clean seawater. Effects of microplastics were evaluated on the clearance rate oforganisms, tissue alteration, antioxidant defense, immune alteration and DNA damage. Detection and quanti-fication of microplastics in oyster's tissues (digestive gland, gills and other tissues) and biodeposits using infraredmicroscopy were also conducted. Microplastics were detected in oyster's biodeposits following exposure to alltested concentrations: 0.003, 0.006 and 0.05 particles/mg of biodeposits in oysters exposed to 0.008, 10 and100μg of particles/L, respectively. No significant modulation of biological markers was measured in organismsexposed to microplastics in environmentally relevant conditions.
Keywords: biodeposits; biomarkers; bivalves; Crassostrea gigas; microplastics

Relationship between bacterial compartment and particulate organic matter (POM) in coastal systems: An assessment using fatty acids and stable isotopes - Liénart, Camilla; Savoye, Nicolas; Conan, Pascal; David, Valérie; Barbier, Pierrick; Bichon, Sabrina; Charlier, Karine; Costes, Laurence; Derriennic, Hervé; Ferreira, Sophie; Gueux, Aurore; Cédric Hubas; et al. (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2020)

Resolving the trade-off between silver eel escapement and hydropower generation with simple decision rules for turbine shutdown - Teichert, Nils; Tétard, Stéphane; Thomas Trancart; Eric Feunteun; Anthony Acou; de Oliveira, Eric (Journal of Environmental Management, 2020)

Resolving the trade-off between silver eel escapement and hydropower generation with simple decision rules for turbine shutdown - Teichert, Nils; Stéphane Tétard; Thomas Trancart; Eric Feunteun; Anthony Acou; Eric de Oliveira (Journal of Environmental Management, 2020)
Hydropower plants are commonly reported as a major cause of the worldwide decline of freshwater eels (Anguillidae), so that management solutions are urgently needed to mitigate their impacts. Where downstream passage solutions are complex to develop, turbine shutdown appears as an effective management solution to protect silver eels during their river migration toward spawning areas. However, the definition of operational decision rules for turbine shutdown is challenging due to the duality between the benefit for eel conservation and the concomitant cost in term of hydropower production. Here, we proposed a decision framework for turbine shutdown based on simple hydrological criteria to guide negotiations between stakeholders toward a trade-off between silver eel escapement and hydropower generation. Eel migration was assumed to be triggered by a minimum river flow associated with a minimum discharge pulse, so that threshold values can be directly implemented as decision rules for turbine shutdown. To estimate relevant thresholds, a generic methodological framework was developed to generate alternative decision rules from data collected at hydropower plants, which can include telemetry surveys and estimates of eel abundance. A multiple-criteria decision analysis was then conducted to rank alternatives and to determine the best compromise between promoting silver eel escapement and limiting turbine shutdown duration. Graphic outputs can help stakeholders to understand the competitive interests between eel conservation and hydropower production, while visually identifying a range of consensual alternatives to support negotiations in the choice of operational thresholds. The method was illustrated for three river systems in Europe featured by distinct hydrological conditions and can be applied in other areas, providing that eel monitoring surveys and flow data are available.
Keywords: Conservation policy; Decision rules; Multiple-criteria decision; Turbine shutdown

Respective contribution of urban wastewater and mangroves on nutrient dynamics in a tropical estuary during the monsoon season - Taillardat, Pierre; Marchand, Cyril; Friess, Daniel A.; Widory, David; Frank David; Ohte, Nobuhito; Nakamura, Takashi; Van Vinh, Truong; Thanh-Nho, Nguyen; Ziegler, Alan D. (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2020)
Estuaries of Southeast Asia are increasingly impacted by land-cover changes and pollution. Here, our research objectives were to (1) determine the origins of nutrient loads along the Can Gio estuary (Vietnam) and (2) identify the processes that affect the nutrient pools during the monsoon. We constructed four 24-h time-series along the salinity gradient measuring nutrient concentrations and stable isotopes values. In the upper estuary, urban effluents from Ho Chi Minh City were the main input of nutrients, leading to dissolved oxygen satura tion < 20%. In the lower estuary, ammonium and nitrite concentration peaks were explained by mangrove export. No contribution from aquaculture was detected, as it represents < 0.01% of the total river discharge. Along the salinity gradient, nutrient inputs were rapidly consumed, potentially by phytoplankton while nitrate dual-stable isotopes indicated that nitrification occurred. Thus, even in a large and productive estuary, urban wastewater can affect nutrient dynamics with potentially important ecological risks.

Response of phytoplankton traits to environmental variables in French lakes: New perspectives for bioindication - Derot, J.; Jamoneau, A.; Teichert, Nils; Rosebery, J.; Morin, S.; Laplace-Treyture, C. (Ecological Indicators, 2020)
The restoration and the preservation of aquatics ecosystems is a critical issue in our contemporary society. In lake ecosystems, phytoplankton taxonomic-based indicators have been developed to evaluate water quality, but suffer of limited ecosystem ecological value. The recent development of functional approaches may allow to evaluate other aspects of ecosystem quality, and to develop new trait-based indicators responding to different environmental conditions. Here, our aim was to analyze the response of phytoplankton traits to numerous environmental variables and to identify relevant traits for the development of future indicator metrics. We used a French national database of 469 lakes, consisting in phytoplankton biovolumes and physicochemical values. The response of 84 morpho-functional traits towards environmental variables was tested with Machine Learning models, taking into account lake typology. We identified 21 traits significantly related to environmental variables. Dissolved Organic Carbon, Nitrates and Total Suspend Solids were the physiochemical parameters which had the higher influence on our traits selection. However the response of phytoplanktonic traits to environmental variables did not change according to lake typology, advocating for a consistent response at the whole national scale contrary to the classical taxonomic approach. We finally identified several candidate traits that could be used for the development of new metrics for French lakes in a context of bio-assessment programs.

Review of Giuris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Indo-Pacific islands, with description of three new species - Philippe Keith; Marion Mennesson (Cybium, 2020)

Revised Diagnoses, Nomenclature, Distribution and Key for Identification of the Species of the Indo-Pacific Genus Laeops (Bothidae) - Voronina, E. P.; Maclaine, J.; Raredon, S.; Pruvost, P. (Journal of Ichthyology, 2020)

Revision of Phoxinus in France with the description of two new species (Teleostei, Leuciscidae) - Denys, Gaël; Dettai, Agnès; Persat, Henri; Daszkiewicz, Piotr; Hautecoeur, Mélyne; Philippe Keith (Cybium, 2020)
French minnows of the genus Phoxinus are revised based on molecular data (COI and 12S rDNA markers), morphological characters and nuptial colouration patterns. The results delineate six groups of populations, which are recognised as species. Phoxinus phoxinus is found in eastern France in the lower and middle Rhine and Seine drainages. Phoxinus bigerri occurs in the Adour drainage and populations from the Lake Geneva basin and the upper Rhine drainage are identified as Phoxinus csikii. Phoxinus dragarum, new species, from the Garonne drainage, is distinguished by its unique nuptial colour pattern (green stripe in Z3 reaching up to the anal fin base and Z4 greenish yellow in male; Z4 green-ochre and black line below in Z5 reaching from the pectoral fin bases to the anal fin base in female), and by an incomplete lateral line generally reaching to a point in front of the anal fin base or just shortly beyond the origin of the last anal fin ray. Phoxinus fayollarum, new species, from the Loire drainage, is distinguished by its unique nuptial colour pattern (green bars in Z3 and Z4, Z4 bright yellow, and belly red in male; green stripe in Z3, Z4 yellow-pinkish, and red spots at the pectoral, pelvic and anal fin base in female). Minnows of the Rhône drainage are identified as Phoxinus septimaniae. We consider Pisciculus varius and Phoxynus montanus as nomen oblitum and Phoxinus septimaniae as nomen protectum, and Leuciscus obtusus as incertae sedis within Leuciscidae.

Rimicaris exoculata: biology and ecology of a shrimp from deep-sea hydrothermal vents associated with ectosymbiotic bacteria - Magali Zbinden; Cambon-Bonavita, MA (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2020)
Rimicaris exoculata, the ‘blind shrimp,’ is the most abundant species living on active hydrothermal edifices at deep-sea vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Its unusually enlarged branchial chamber houses a dense ectosymbiotic community of chemoautotrophic bacteria. Long debated, shrimp nutrition has been proven to be a kind of osmotrophy, whereby small organic molecules produced by the symbionts pass through the integument of the shrimp directly into the circulatory system, rather than through the digestive system. The broad phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of this epibiotic community suggests a highly flexible and adjustable microbial consortium, adapted to the chemically contrasting environments inhabited by the shrimp. To cope with the highly fluctuating oxygen and temperature conditions of its habitat, R. exoculata possesses hemocyanin with a strong oxygen affinity, and has developed both molecular and behavioral responses to heat stresses. If R. exoculata is able to detect very dim light or chemical compounds emitted by vents, the relatively small visual and olfactory areas in the brain, along with the disproportionately enlarged higher centers, argue for a significant involvement of navigational skills using learning and place memory to orient itself within its aphotic environment. This shrimp undergoes unconventional larval development, with a primary lecithotrophic stage followed by an extended planktotrophic period, allowing a huge potential for dispersion. In light of mining licenses posing a threat for deep-sea environments, this species is a model still to be studied to better understand life in extreme deep-sea ecosystems at the global scale of an ocean.

Seasonal variations of phytoplankton assemblages in relation to environmental factors in Mediterranean coastal waters of Morocco, a focus on HABs species - Rijal Leblad, Benlahcen; Amnhir, Rachid; Reqia, Sagou; Sitel, Ferdaous; Daoudi, Mouna; Marhraoui, Mohamed; Ouelad Abdellah, Mohamed Karim; Benoît Véron; Er-Raioui, Hassan; Laabir, Mohamed (Harmful Algae, 2020)

Seasonal variations of phytoplankton assemblages in relation to environmental factors in Mediterranean coastal waters of Morocco, a focus on HABs species - Benlahcen Rijal Leblad; Rachid Amnhir; Sagou Reqia; Ferdaous Sitel; Mohamed Marhraoui; Mohamed Karim Ouelad Abdellah; Benoît Véron; Hassan Er-Raioui; Mohamed Laabir (Harmful Algae, 2020)
Studies on phytoplankton and in particular Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) species in southern Mediterranean waters are scarce. We performed from April 2008 to June 2009 weekly investigations on microphytoplankton community structure and abundance in two contrasted marine ecosystems located in the western Moroccan Mediterranean coast, M'diq Bay and Oued Laou Estuary. Simultaneously, we measured the main physico-che- mical parameters. Globally, the two studied areas showed comparable values of the assessed abiotic environ- mental factors. Temperature and salinity followed seasonal variation with values ranging from 13.5 °C to 21.4 °C and 31 to 36.8, respectively. Average nutrient values in surface water ranged from 0.7 to 45.76 μM for dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 0.02–2.10 μM for PO4 and 0.23–17.46 μM for SiO4 in the study areas. A total of 92 taxa belonging to 8 taxonomic classes were found. The highest number of microphytoplankton abundance reached 1.2 × 106 cells L−1 with diatoms being the most abundant taxa. Factorial Discriminant Analysis (FDA) and Spearman correlation test showed a significant seasonal discrimination of dominant microphytoplankton spe- cies. These micro-organisms were associated with different environmental variables, in particular temperature and salinity. Numerous HABs species were encountered regularly along the year. Although Dinophysis species and Prorocentrum lima were present in both sites, no Lipophilic Shellfish Poisoning was detected for the analyzed bivalve mollusks. Domoic acid (DA), produced by toxic species of Pseudo-nitzschia was found with concentrations up to 18 μg DA g−1 in the smooth clam Callista chione. Data showed that the observed persistent and dramatic Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) intoxication of mollusks resulted probably of Gymnodinium catenatum pro- liferations in both studied areas. Contrary to C. chione, the cockle Achanthocardia tuberculatum showed a per- manent and extremely high toxicity level during the 15 months survey with up to 7545 μg Equivalent Saxitoxin kg−1 flesh (ten times higher than the sanitary threshold of 800 μg eqSTX Kg−1flesh). The present work high- lights for the first time the dynamic of microphytoplankton including HABs species and their associated toxin accumulation in the commercially exploited shellfish in the southern western Mediterranean waters of Morocco. Furthermore, the acquired data will help us to improve the monitoring of HABs species and related toxins in these coastal marine systems.

Sediment stability: can we disentangle the effect of bioturbating species on sediment erodibility from their impact on sediment roughness? - Dairain, Annabelle; Maire, Olivier; Meynard, Guillaume; Richard, Anaïs; Rodolfo-Damiano, Tiffany; Francis Orvain (Marine Environmental Research, 2020)

Sex determination in the oyster Crassostrea gigas - A large longitudinal study of population sex ratios and individual sex changes - Broquard, Coralie; Anne-Sophie Martinez; Maurouard, Elise; Lamy, Jean-Baptiste; Degremont, Lionel (Aquaculture, 2020)
Keywords: Crassostrea gigas; Hermaphroditism; Oysters; Sex change; sex-ratio

Shells of the bivalve Astarte moerchi give new evidence of a strong pelagic-benthic coupling shift occurring since the late 1970s in the North Water polynya - Frédéric Olivier; Gaillard, Blandine; Thebault, Julien; Tarik Meziane; Tremblay, Rejean; Dumont, Dany; Bélanger, Simon; Gosselin, Michel; Jolivet, Aurélie; Chauvaud, Laurent; Martel, André L.; Rysgaard, Søren; et al. (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2020)
Climate changes in the Arctic may weaken the currently tight pelagic-benthic coupling. In response to decreasing sea ice cover, arctic marine systems are expected to shift from a ‘sea-ice algae–benthos' to a ‘phytoplankton-zooplankton’ dominance. We used mollusc shells as bioarchives and fatty acid trophic markers to estimate the effects of the reduction of sea ice cover on the food exported to the seafloor. Bathyal bivalve Astarte moerchi living at 600 m depth in northern Baffin Bay reveals a clear shift in growth variations and Ba/Ca ratios since the late 1970s, which we relate to a change in food availability. Tissue fatty acid compositions show that this species feeds mainly on microalgae exported from the euphotic zone to the seabed. We, therefore, suggest that changes in pelagic-benthic coupling are likely due either to local changes in sea ice dynamics, mediated through bottom-up regulation exerted by sea ice on phytoplankton production, or to a mismatch between phytoplankton bloom and zooplankton grazing due to phenological change. Both possibilities allow a more regular and increased transfer of food to the seabed. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning'.

Shifting levels of ecological network's analysis reveals different system properties - Nathalie Niquil; Haraldsson, M.; Sime-Ngando, T.; Huneman, P.; Borrett, S.R. (Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2020)
Network analyses applied to models of complex systems generally contain at least three levels of analyses. Whole-network metrics summarize general organizational features (properties or relationships) of the entire network, while node-level metrics summarize similar organization features but consider individual nodes. The network- and node-level metrics build upon the primary pairwise relationships in the model. As with many analyses, sometimes there are interesting differences at one level that disappear in the summary at another level of analysis. We illustrate this phenomenon with ecosystem network models, where nodes are trophic compartments and pairwise relationships are flows of organic carbon, such as when a predator eats a prey. For this demonstration, we analysed a time-series of 16 models of a lake planktonic food web that describes carbon exchanges within an autumn cyanobacteria bloom and compared the ecological conclusions drawn from the three levels of analysis based on inter-time-step comparisons. A general pattern in our analyses was that the closer the levels are in hierarchy (node versus network, or flow versus node level), the more they tend to align in their conclusions. Our analyses suggest that selecting the appropriate level of analysis, and above all regularly using multiple levels, may be a critical analytical decision. This article is part of the theme issue 'Unifying the essential concepts of biological networks: biological insights and philosophical foundations'.

Solomon’s Gold Mine: Description or redescription of 24 species of Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) freshwater shrimps from the Solomon Islands, including 11 new species. - de Mazancourt, Valentin; Boseto, David; Marquet, Gérard; Philippe Keith (European Journal of Taxonomy, 2020)

Sources of organic matter in an atypical phytoplankton rich coral ecosystem, Marquesas Islands: composition and properties - Fey, P.; Parravicini, V.; Lebreton, B.; Tarik Meziane; René Galzin; Zubia, M.; Bӑnaru, D.; Letourneur, Y. (Marine Biology, 2020)
The purpose of this work is to characterize several potential sources of organic matter (OM) in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, and to understand how these sources contribute to OM pools. Stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) and fatty acid (FA) compositions of OM potential sources (algal turf, benthic macroalgae, detrital terrestrial plants (DTP), phytoplankton) and OM pools (sediment (SOM) and particulate organic matter (POM)) were studied in coastal areas in Nuku Hiva Island. Isotope compositions of marine POM (δ13C = −22.5 ± 0.8 ‰; δ15N = 12.1 ± 1.1 ‰) and SOM (δ13C = −19.1 ± 0.9 ‰; δ15N = 14.4 ± 0.5 ‰) highlighted that OM sources at the base of the local food web had unusually high δ15N values. Potential FA markers of diatoms and/or cyanobacteria (20:5ω3 and 16:1ω7) were found in these two OM pools. In addition, coastal SOM also displayed FA markers of bacteria, macroalgae and terrestrial plants. Formarine POM, potential macroalgae FA markers were recorded (18:2ω6 and 16:2ω4). The stable isotope mixing model highlighted the major contribution of phyto-plankton to the coastal SOM (62%), followed by benthic macroalgae (32%), whereas marine POM was mainly composed of a mixture of algal turf and phytoplankton in similar averaged proportions (38%) but presenting wide variations. Our results as a whole strongly suggest that pelagic-benthic coupled processes drive the characteristics and properties of OM sources.

A spatial food web model to investigate potential spillover effects of a fishery closure in an offshore wind farm - Halouani, Ghassen; Villanueva, Ching-Maria; Raoux, Aurore; Dauvin, Jean Claude; Ben Rais Lasram, Frida; Foucher, Eric; Le Loc'h, Francois; Safi, Georges; Araignous, Emma; Jean-Paul Robin; Nathalie Niquil (Journal of Marine Systems, 2020)

Spatial gradients of introgressed ancestry reveal cryptic connectivity patterns in a high gene flow marine fish - Robinet, Tony; Roussel, Valérie; Cheze, Karine; Gagnaire, Pierre‐Alexandre (Molecular Ecology, 2020)
Assessing genetic connectivity among populations in high gene flow species is sometimes insufficient to evaluate demographic connectivity. Genetic differentiation quickly becomes zero as soon as a few dozen migrants are exchanged per generation. This provides little information to determine whether migration can ensure demographic coupling. The resulting difficulties in delineating conservation units for the management of commercially exploited marine fish species are well illustrated in the case of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Previous attempts to assess connectivity patterns in the northeast Atlantic have been hampered by a lack of spatial genetic structure. In contrast, mark‐recapture data suggested low migration rates between regional spawning areas. Here, we show how a spatial gradient of introgressed Mediterranean ancestry across the northeast Atlantic reflects cryptic patterns of genetic and demographic connectivity. Using a 1K SNP chip data set in 827 individuals sampled from Portugal to the North Sea, we found null overall genetic differentiation across the northeast Atlantic. We however detected a subtle latitudinal admixture gradient originating at the edge of the contact zone with the Mediterranean sea bass lineage. Two significant breaks in the ancestry gradient at the tip of Galicia and northern Brittany indicated barriers to effective dispersal between demographically distinct units. Moreover, a northward expansion signal in Irish and North Seas was revealed by the surfing of rare Mediterranean alleles at the edge of the species range. Our results show that introgressed ancestry gradients offer a powerful alternative to assess genetic and demographic connectivity when the neutral migration‐drift balance is not informative.

Stable species boundaries despite ten million years of hybridization in tropical eels - Barth, Julia M. I.; Gubili, Chrysoula; Matschiner, Michael; Tørresen, Ole K.; Watanabe, Shun; Egger, Bernd; Han, Yu-San; Eric Feunteun; Sommaruga, Ruben; Jehle, Robert; Schabetsberger, Robert (Nature Communications, 2020)

Stable species boundaries despite ten million years of hybridization in tropical eels - Barth, Julia M. I.; Gubili, Chrysoula; Matschiner, Michael; Tørresen, Ole K.; Watanabe, Shun; Egger, Bernd; Han, Yu-San; Eric Feunteun; Sommaruga, Ruben; Jehle, Robert; Robert Schabetsberger (Nature Communications, 2020)

A standardized, innovative method to characterize the structure of aquatic protein hydrolysates - Leduc, Alexandre; Fournier, Vincent; Henry, Joël (Heliyon, 2020)

Stock assessment and management of cephalopods: advances and challenges for short-lived fishery resourcesAbstract - Arkhipkin, Alexander I; Hendrickson, Lisa C; Payá, Ignacio; Pierce, Graham J; Roa-Ureta, Ruben H; Jean-Paul Robin; Winter, Andreas (ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2020)

Taxonomic study of the freshwater shrimps genus Atyoida Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in Polynesia with a revalidation of A. tahitensis Stimpson, 1860 - Camille Lorang; de Mazancourt, Valentin; Marquet, Gérard; Philippe Keith (Zootaxa, 2020)
Numerous specimens of Atyoida were collected in Polynesia during specific samplings led by the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN, Paris) from 1983 to 2017. In the context of an integrative taxonomy, all the Polynesian specimens were morphologically and genetically studied. The molecular study proved that the specimens were split in two different clades separated by 7% genetic distance (16S) and geographically structured that can be considered as two distinct species. In this article, A. tahitensis Stimpson, 1860 from Eastern Polynesia is re-validated as a distinct species from A. pilipes (Newport 1847) from Vanuatu to Marquesas archipelago. The morphological study, besides coloration patterns (Body blackish on its back, ornamented on its flanks with numerous bluish dots and longitudinal stripes for A. tahitensis; orange-yellow back as well as the antennular peduncle, telson and uropods with the flanks whitish ornamented with numerous blue-black patterns of various shapes for A. pilipes), did not allow us to find characters to distinguish easily the two species. Detailed re-descriptions and the geographical distribution of these two species are given and a neotype deposited in the MNHN (Paris) is designated for A. tahitensis.
Keywords: Atyidae; Atyoida; Crustacea; Taxonomic

Structure of small tropical island freshwater fish and crustacean communities: A niche‐or dispersal‐based process? - Lagarde, Raphaël; Teichert, Nils; Valade, Pierre; Ponton, Dominique (Biotropica, 2020)
Determining the relative importance of niche‐ and dispersal‐based processes in the structuring of animal communities is central in ecology. Freshwater fish and crustacean communities of small tropical islands can bring new insights for understanding these processes as all their species present a pelagic larval stage which gives them important dispersal capacities. Consequently, we hypothesized that dispersal‐based process may be preponderant for structuring these communities from the regional to the local, that is, survey site, scales. Gradient forest analyses allowed us to model the effect of 12 environmental variables on freshwater taxa abundances in two southwestern Indian Ocean islands: Mayotte (26 taxa) and Reunion (21). A total of 153 surveys in Mayotte and 266 in Reunion were used for building the models. Despite the strong heterogeneity of environmental conditions between the two islands, the main factors structuring freshwater fish and crustacean communities in both islands were the elevation and the slope of the sites. The observed structure appeared more pronounced for predatory species than for primary consumers and omnivores. As predators generally have limited locomotor capacities, it is concluded that dispersal‐based process structures these communities not only at large geographical scales but also at the intra‐watershed scale, by limiting the inland penetration (or dispersion) of species in relation to their locomotor capacities. However, more knowledge concerning ecological traits and taxonomic status of many species is needed to confirm this assumption.
Keywords: abundances; diadromy; environmental gradients; Migration; taxonomic richness; western Indian Ocean

Survival and breeding interval of an endangered marine vertebrate, the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea, in French Guiana - Chevallier, Damien; Girondot, M; Berzins, R; Chevalier, J; de Thoisy, B; Fretey, J; Kelle, L; Lebreton, JD (Endangered Species Research, 2020)

Swinging boat moorings: Spatial heterogeneous damage to eelgrass beds in a tidal ecosystem - Vincent Ouisse; Irina Marchand-Jouravleff; Annie Fiandrino; Eric Feunteun; Frédéric Ysnel (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2020)
Seagrass meadows are currently known to be subjected to huge physical disturbances including boat moorings in shallow bays. We aimed to identify the impact of permanent swing mooring on the fast-growing seagrass Zostera marina in a mega-tidal area. Coupling the hydrodynamic MARS3D model to simulate mooring chain movements and in situ measurements of plant traits, we analyzed the structural responses of the eelgrass bed to scraping disturbance in the western English Channel (France). A comparison of the results with a reference site without any permanent swing boat mooring showed a significant impact on eelgrass structure (shoot density, leaf size, leaf dry weight), depending on the direction and distance from the mooring. Zostera marina was absent close to the mooring fixation point in three out of the four directions we evaluated. Beyond 5 m, the canopy height remained lower than in the reference site, most likely due to regular disturbances by mooring chains. Conversely, shoot density beyond 5 m was higher than in the reference site. This adaptive response counter-balanced the decrease in canopy height at these distances. The fluctuations of the structure of the eelgrass cover (number of shoots, leaf length) at a small spatial scale was clearly in accordance with the scraping intensity simulated by the MARS3D model. The tidal currents coupled to tidal amplitude variability imply a small-scale heterogeneous effect of permanent mooring on the benthic compartment, previously undetected by an aerial survey. The present results highlight the interest of coupling approaches so as to understand how physical pressure influences fast-growing species traits. The resulting important modifications could imply a more functional impact such as biodiversity loss and carbon sequestration, which is beyond the scope of the present paper.
Keywords: Anthropogenic disturbances; Boat mooring; Modeling approach; SCUBA-Diving; Seagrass ecology

Taxonomy and 18S rDNA-based phylogeny of Henneguya multiradiatus n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxobolidae) a parasite of Brochis multiradiatus from Peruvian Amazon - Mathews, Patrick D.; Mertins, Omar; Espinoza, Luis L.; Milanin, Tiago; Alama-Bermejo, Gema; Audebert, Fabienne; Morandini, André C. (Microbial Pathogenesis, 2020)

Temperature and salinity changes in coastal waters of Western Europe: variability, trends and extreme events - Charria, Guillaume; Rimmelin-Maury, Peggy; Goberville, Eric; Stéphane L'Helguen; Barrier, Nicolas; David-Beausire, Christine; Cariou, Thierry; Emilie Grossteffan; Répécaud, Michel; Quéméner, Loic; Theetten, Sébastien; Paul Tréguer (Evolution of Marine Coastal Ecosystems under the Pressure of Global Changes, 2020)
Coastal marine ecosystems worldwide are not only highly affected by the effects of human activities, but also by the influence of natural climate variability and global climate change. However, it is still a challenge to assess the spatial and temporal scales at which forcings operate and their persistence over time, to determine the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems to climate changes and climate extreme events, and therefore to anticipate the ecological and biological responses of these areas. By investigating these knowledge gaps, our recent studies have shown that the combination of large- and local-scale hydroclimatic influences have induced obvious changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of coastal waters in Western Europe. Because of the complex and non-linear climate-coastal ecosystem relationships, a thorough understanding of the underlying processes is still needed, while extending the spatial and temporal scales of inference. Here, using both high- and low-frequency observations collected from 1998 onwards at the outlet of the Bay of Brest and off Roscoff, we described and documented monthly changes in (1) sea surface temperature, (2) sea surface salinity, (3) river discharges and (4) precipitation patterns. By focusing on the winter period (from December to February), our study revealed that coastal waters of Western Europe are not only significantly connected to large-scale atmospheric conditions and patterns, but also to local-scale drivers such as river discharges. Current strong impacts of regional climate extreme events worldwide led us to devote more attention on understanding the possible impacts of such episodes on the long-term variability and trends of these ecosystems in coastal waters of Western Europe. The signature of extreme events in the Bay of Brest is described and the numerical simulations allowed us to highlight the link between local rivers and changes in salinity.
Keywords: Climate variability; Coastal ecosystems; Extreme events; High- and low-frequency in situ sampling; Large and local forcings

Time-Dynamic Food Web Modeling to Explore Environmental Drivers of Ecosystem Change on the Kerguelen Plateau - Subramaniam, Roshni C.; Melbourne-Thomas, Jessica; Corney, Stuart P.; Alexander, Karen; Clara Péron; Ziegler, Philippe; Swadling, Kerrie M. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)
Understanding the impacts of climate and fishing on marine systems is important for ecosystem-based management in the Southern Ocean, but can be difficult to evaluate due to patchy data in space and time. We developed the first time-dynamic food web model for the Kerguelen Plateau using Ecopath with Ecosim to explore likely drivers of change in this relatively data-poor region. The Kerguelen Plateau is located at the centre of intersecting frontal systems and is inhabited by one of the largest populations of the commercially important Patagonian toothfish. We used this model to evaluate the environmental and human drivers of food web dynamics in the region by calibrating it with French and Australian fisheries data from 1997–2018 and biomass data for the period 1986–2018. Fishing was not identified as a driver of food web dynamics within this model, which could indicate that current management strategies are sustainable. A correlation analysis with environmental parameters likely to drive food web dynamics (sea surface temperature, zonal wind, Southern Annular Mode and chlorophyll a concentration) highlighted cool sea surface temperature, higher zonal wind speeds and negative phases of the Southern Annular Mode as important drivers of change, particularly during the summer. As the Southern Ocean is predicted to warm and winds are expected to intensify under future climate change, our study illustrates the importance of considering environmental change in ecosystem management.

A tomographic study of the histological structure of teeth in the gilthead sea bream, - Germain, Damien; François J Meunier (Journal of Fish Biology, 2020)
X‐ray tomography shows that caniniform and molariform teeth of the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, have a simplexodont plicidentine organization. Together with an insertion of the teeth in alveolae, and the presence of bony shafts sustaining the dental plate, the simplexodont plicidentine is linked to the durophagous diet of the fish.

Towards transferability in fish migration models: A generic operational tool for predicting silver eel migration in rivers - Teichert, Nils; Tétard, Stéphane; Thomas Trancart; de Oliveira, Eric; Anthony Acou; Alexandre Carpentier; Bourillon, Bastien; Eric Feunteun (Science of The Total Environment, 2020)
In the global context of river fragmentation, predicting fish migration is urgent to implement management actions aimed at protecting and promoting the free movement of diadromous fish. However, large-scale applicability of conservation measures requires transferable models that enable prediction of migration even in data-poor regions. Here, we surveyed 12 contrasted European river sites to predict the activity peaks of silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) during river migration towards spawning areas through an ensemble modelling approach. Site-specific Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) models were adjusted using standardized hydrological variables to predict migration probability, which were aggregated in consensus predictions. Results of independent cross-validations demonstrated that silver eel migration runs were accurately predicted in response to changes in river discharge. Transferability and predictive performance were improved by considering catchment-size dissimilarity between river sites (85 to 109 930 km²) when combining the site-specific predictions. Nevertheless, we provided two examples for which the effects of human actions on flow conditions were so high that they prevented reliable predictions of migration runs. Further contributions should thus take advantage of the flexibility of our approach for updating model collection with new sites to extend the predictive performance under a larger range of ecological conditions. Our transferable hydrological-based modelling framework offers an opportunity to implement large-scale management strategies for eel conservation, even in rivers where eel monitoring data lack. The BRT models and prediction functions were compiled in an R package named ‘silvRpeak’ to facilitate operational implementation by end-user managers, which can determine when mitigation measures should be implemented to improve river continuity (e.g. turbine shutdown and sluice gate opening) and balance their economic activity towards eel conservation. The only input required is discharge records that are widely available across European hydrological stations.
Keywords: eel runs prediction; ensemble modelling; European eel management; fish migration; model transferability; river obstacle

Transfer of elements released by aluminum galvanic anodes in a marine sedimentary compartment after long-term monitoring in harbor and laboratory environments - Christelle Caplat; Olivier Basuyaux; Pineau, S; Deborde, Jonathan; Grolleau, AM; S. Leglatin; Mahaut, Marie-Laure (Chemosphere, 2020)
Cathodic protection by galvanic anodes (GACP) is often used to protect immerged metallic structures in harbor environments, especially GACP employing aluminum-based anodes. To follow a previous study that was performed in a laboratory on Al-anode, two monitoring periods were performed in parallel, one in an in situ environment (in the Port of Calais) for 42 months and the other in a laboratory for 18 months, to evaluate the transfer of metals constituting the Al-anode towards the sedimentary compartment. During each monitoring, two conditions of agitation of water (weak and strong) were compared, and different factors of sediment quality were used to assess the enrichment and potential toxic effects of these released metals. The results showed that the dissolution of Al-anode-induced a greater Zn enrichment of sediment than an Al enrichment. This is in contrast with the abundance of these elements present in the composition of the anode and suggested a potential toxic effect for marine organisms with regards to the discovered Zn level, especially in confined areas.
Keywords: Aluminum; galvanic anode; Harbor; Marine sediments; Quality index; Zinc

Unidirectional response to bidirectional selection on body size. I. Phenotypic, life‐history, and endocrine responses - Renneville, Clémentine; Millot, Alexis; Agostini, Simon; Carmignac, David; Maugars, Gersende; Sylvie Dufour; Le Rouzic, Arnaud; Edeline, Eric (Ecology and Evolution, 2020)

Unmasking continental natal homing in goliath catfish from the upper Amazon - Hauser, Marilia; Duponchelle, Fabrice; Hermann, Theodore W.; Limburg, Karin E.; Castello, Leandro; Stewart, Donald J.; Torrente‐Vilara, Gislene; García‐Vasquez, Aurea; García‐Dávila, Carmen; Marc Pouilly; Pecheyran, Christophe; Ponzevera, Emmanuel; et al. (Freshwater Biology, 2020)

Unravelling the changes during induced vitellogenesis in female European eel through RNA-Seq: What happens to the liver? - Bertolini, Francesca; Jørgensen, Michelle Grace Pinto; Henkel, Christiaan; Sylvie Dufour; Tomkiewicz, Jonna (PLOS ONE, 2020)

An Untargeted Metabolomic Approach for Microphytobenthic Biofilms in Intertidal Mudflats - Gaubert-Boussarie, Julie; Prado, Soizic; Cédric Hubas (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)
Microphytobenthic (MPB) biofilms in intertidal muddy sediments play important ecological functions in coastal ecosystems. These biofilms are mainly composed of epipelic diatoms but also prokaryotes, with a dominance of bacteria, which excrete diverse extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) according to their environment. While numerous studies have investigated the main components of these EPS matrices via traditional colorimetric assays, their fine composition, notably in specialized metabolites, is still largely unknown. A better chemical characterization of these MPB biofilms is necessary, especially regarding the numerous functions their chemical components play for microorganisms (e.g., motility, cell protection, defense mechanisms, and chemical communication), but also for coastal systems (e.g., primary production, sediment stabilization, larval settlement of some invertebrates with high economical value). An alternative approach to traditional analyses is the use of untargeted metabolomic techniques, which have not yet been applied to such MPB biofilms. The objectives of the present study were to (a) propose a protocol for metabolic fingerprinting by LC-MS and GC-MS for metabolites analysis in polar and non-polar fractions in MPB biofilms extracted from mudflat sediment and to (b) apply this protocol to a case study: the effect of light exposure on the metabolomic fingerprint of the MPB biofilm community. We compared three extraction methods using different mixes of solvents and selected a methanol/chloroform mix (1:1), which gave better results for both techniques and fractions. We then applied the selected protocol to our case study using a short-term light exposure experiment in aquaria (7 days). The present study is the first using a detailed untargeted metabolomic approach on MPB biofilms from mudflat sediment and will provide a solid baseline for further work in this area.

Upstream as a sanctuary for the French populations of catalan chub Squalius laietanus (Teleostei , Leuciscidae) threatened by the allochtonous European chub S. cephalus - Rose, Morgane; Dettai, Agnès; Lefèbvre, Stéphane; Blanc, Laurence; Poulet, Nicolas; Baudier, Olivier; Hautecoeur, Mélyne; Denys, Gaël (SIBIC 2020, 2020)
In the Pyrénées-Orientales department (France), three Mediterranean catchments (Agly, Têt and Tech) are subject to high variations in water levels during Cevenol-type events. In order to fight against the effects of these floods, dams and wiers were built along these rivers with consequences on aquatic fauna, eliminating the ecological continuum. The chub Squalius is a potamodromous fish occurring from the salmonids stream to close to the estuaries. Moreover, whereas the European chub S. cephalus was thought to be represented by a single species in France, another species, endemic to Catalonia, was described: the Catalan chub S. laietanus. However, S. cephalus was also introduced in the catchments of this area with possibly threats of hybridization. Samples from eight populations of Squalius spp coming from these rivers were genetically identified using a DNA Barcoding approach with a mitochondrial (COI) and a nuclear (RAG1) markers. Our results confirm the presence of both species in the three drainages as well as their hybridization, threatening S. laietanus by hybridization as in 70% of Mediterrannean endemic species. There is also a downstream-upstream gradient in the presence of S. cephalus in the Têt and Tech catchments. S. laietanus seems less impacted by S. cephalus in headwaters than downstream. One of the explanations would be the numerous weirs between these areas. If the negative impacts of the absence of ecological continuum on the ichthyofauna are known and cannot be denied, these weirs might form in this case a barrier against the presence of S. cephalus in headwaters. As a consequence, S. laietanus has been evaluated as EN in the last French UICN Red List published in 2019. While the ecological parameters still need to be examined, our study brings additional information for better suited conservation actions regarding the ecological continuum.

Using Modern Conservation Tools for Innovative Management of Coral Reefs: The MANACO ConsortiumVideo_1.MP4 - Selmoni, Oliver; Lecellier, Gaël; Ainley, Lara; Collin, Antoine; Doucet, Raimana; Dubousquet, Vaimiti; Feremaito, Hudson; Ito Waia, Edouard; Kininmonth, Stuart; Magalon, Hélène; Malimali, Siola’a; Maugateau, Ateliana; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Variacion de la amplitud del nicho isotopico de tres especies de peces en un gradiente de disponibilidad de recursos - Echeverría, Aldo; Marc Pouilly; Rejas, Danny (Ecologia en Bolivia, 2020)

What evidence exists on the impacts of chemicals arising from human activity on tropical reef-building corals? A systematic map protocol - Ouédraogo, Dakis-Yaoba; Sordello, Romain; Brugneaux, S.; Burga, K.; Calvayrac, C.; Castelin, Magalie; Domart-Coulon, Isabelle; Ferrier-Pages, C; Mireille M.M. Guillaume; Hédouin, L.; Joannot, P.; Perceval, O.; et al. (Environmental Evidence, 2020)
Background: Tropical coral reefs cover ca. 0.1% of the Earth’s surface but host an outstanding biodiversity and provide important ecosystem services to millions of people living nearby. However, they are currently threatened by both local (e.g. nutrient enrichment and chemical pollution of coastal reefs, arising from poor land management, agriculture and industry) and global stressors (mainly seawater warming and acidification, i.e. climate change). Global and local stressors interact together in different ways, but the presence of one stressor often reduces the tolerance to additional stress. While global stressors cannot be halted by local actions, local stressors can be reduced through ecosystem management, therefore minimizing the impact of climate change on reefs. To inform decision-makers, we propose here to systematically map the evidence of impacts of chemicals arising from anthropogenic activities on tropical reef-building corals, which are the main engineer species of reef ecosystems. We aim to identify the combinations of chemical and coral responses that have attracted the most attention and for which evidence can be further summarized in a systematic review that will give practical information to decision-makers. Methods: The systematic map will follow the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence Guidelines and Standards for Evidence Synthesis in Environmental Management. We will search the relevant literature using English terms combined in a tested search string in two publication databases (Web Of Science Core Collection and Scopus). The search string will combine terms describing the population (tropical reef-building corals) and the exposure (chemicals). We will supplement this literature with some more obtained through search engines, specialist websites, and through a call to local stakeholders. Titles, abstracts, and full-texts will then be successively screened using pre-defined eligibility criteria. A list of pre-defined variables will then be extracted from full-texts. Finally, a database of all studies included in the map with coded metadata will be produced. The evidence will be described in a map report with text, figures and tables, and a matrix showing the distribution and frequency of included study into types of exposure and types of outcomes will be computed to identify potential knowledge gaps and knowledge clusters.
Keywords: Contamination; Hermatypic; Nutrients; pollution; Scleractinian

What is the best combination of modalities of twelve environmental, feeding and populational factors to improve pikeperch larval rearing in recirculating aquaculture systems? - Tatiana Colchen; Gisbert, E.; Krauss, D.; Ledoré, Y.; Pasquet, A.; Fontaine, P. (Aquaculture Reports, 2020)
Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) has a high potential for inland aquaculture diversification in Europe. Bottlenecks (i.e. low survival, cannibalism and deformity rates) hamper further expansion of pikeperch culture, because of the weak production performances at the nursery level. To improve the production of pikeperch juveniles under recirculation system we used a pilot scale larval rearing system (700 L tanks) and multifactorial designs. Three successive larval rearing trials (duration: 35-49 days) were conducted to identify the best combination of en- vironmental, feeding and population factors. Considering the main significant effects observed on survival, growth, swim bladder inflation rates and biomass gain, a favourable combination of twelve factor (F) modalities was proposed (F1- initial density: 100 larvae.L-1, F2- no sorting of fish jumper, F3- no sibling population, F4- eggs from large females, F5- discontinuous feeding, F6- no co-feeding, F7- light intensity: 50 lx, F8- beginning of the weaning at 16 dph (days post-hatching), F9- weaning duration: 9 days, F10- water renewal rate of 100 % per hour, F11- tank cleaning during morning and F12- tank bottom-up water current). A final validation step was realized over a last trial (seven replicates, duration: 49 days), and validated with the best productive results obtained over the global experimental period (2015-2018). These results were: a final body weight of 815.64 ± 95.34 mg, a survival rate of 16.9 ± 1.7 %, a specific growth rate of 15.1 ± 5.9 %.d-1, a final fish biomass of 9.55±0.23 kg, a swim bladder inflation rate of 92.6±3.2 % and a food conversion rate of 0.65 ± 0.02 (dry food). The final stocking density was 13.6 kg.m-3 of rearing volume. Authors were able to validate and provide a reliable basic protocol for pikeperch larval rearing using recirculating units.
Keywords: early life stages; fish farming; multifactorial design; recirculating aquaculture system; Sander lucioperca

When “safe” dams kill: Analyzing combination of impacts of overflow dams on the migration of silver eels - Thomas Trancart; Alexandre Carpentier; Anthony Acou; Fabien Charrier; Virgile Mazel; Valentin Danet; Eric Feunteun (Ecological Engineering, 2020)
1. The drastic decline in European eel Anguilla anguilla stock is now widely recognized. However, while various causes for this decline have been identified, the relative importance of each cause remains unclear. 2. During the catadromous migration of silver eels, the negative impact of dams is frequently highlighted, but mainly for powered dams (with turbines) or where connectivity is completely ruptured. Mechanical impact due to turbine blades is often considered the most important cause of mortality of silver eels during downstream migration. Consequently, non-powered dams equipped with spillways are often considered safe for the passage of migrating silver eels. 3. We hypothesized that, to understand the negative impacts of dams, a much wider context must be considered than turbine mortality alone. Using an acoustic telemetry survey of silver eels, we demonstrated the negative effects of non-powered dams on downstream migration. 4. Five main impacts on eel populations were highlighted: (i) the attenuation or loss of triggering factors, leading to an absence of or delay in migration; (ii) extra delays and extra distances travelled when crossing the dam; (iii) extra energetic costs of the additional distance travelled as result of exploring the dam and the reservoir to find other escape passages; (iv) the selection of a more risky behavioral phenotype, i.e., bold eels; and (v) direct blocking once migration has started. Mortality was evaluated as a supplementary impact. Some of these effects (attenuation of triggers, extra delays to cross the dam) might be more important than the same effect from powered dams, probably due to the constant high water discharge required for turbines that facilitate the passage of eels. 5. As these “safe” dams are very widespread, they must be considered a potential threat to effective eel conservation.
Keywords: Acoustic telemetry; Migration; mortality; Non-powered dams; Silver eels; Turbines drinking water intake

Activation of the brain-pituitary-gonadotropic axis in the black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegelii during gonadal differentiation and testis development and effect of estradiol treatment. - Lin, Chien-Ju; Wu, Guan-Chung; Sylvie Dufour; Chang, Ching-Fong (General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2019)

Are shallow-water shrimps proxies for hydrothermal-vent shrimps to assess the impact of deep-sea mining? - Mestre, N.C.; Auguste, M.; de Sá, L.C.; Fonseca, T.G.; Cardoso, C.; Brown, A.; Barthelemy, D.; Charlemagne, N.; Hauton, C.; Machon, J.; Juliette Ravaux; Bruce Shillito; et al. (Marine Environmental Research, 2019)

Assessing a species thermal tolerance through a multiparameter approach: the case study of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata - Juliette Ravaux; Léger, Nelly; Hamel, Gérard; Bruce Shillito (Cell Stress and Chaperones, 2019)

Assessing nutrient dynamics in mangrove porewater and adjacent tidal creek using nitrate dual-stable isotopes: A new approach to challenge the Outwelling Hypothesis? - Taillardat, Pierre; Ziegler, Alan D.; Friess, Daniel A.; Widory, David; Frank David; Ohte, Nobuhito; Nakamura, Takashi; Evaristo, Jaivime; Thanh-Nho, Nguyen; Van Vinh, Truong; Marchand, Cyril (Marine Chemistry, 2019)
The importance of mangrove-derived material in sustaining coastal food webs (i.e. the Outwelling Hypothesis) is often invoked in support of mangroves conservation. Biogeochemical cycling, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in mangrove ecosystems, however, is poorly understood because of high spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of sources, sinks, and transformation pathways. Here we show that the distribution of N and P are intimately related to vegetation distribution, tidal cycles, and seasonality. We examined the dynamics of N and P in sediments and in a tidal creek of the Can Gio Mangrove Forest, Vietnam. Our objectives were to (1) determine the spatial distribution of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in the mangrove forest along a Rhizophora-Avicennia-mudﬂat transect; and (2) identify the respective inputs and transformation pathways of N and P in the water column via 24-h time series measurements in a tidal creek. Sediment porewater had N-NH4+ and N-NO3− concentrations < 11 μM, except in the mudﬂat where N-NH4+ was as high as 162 μM. This diﬀerence was likely due to N-NH4+ uptake by trees in the vegetated areas and suggests that mangrove sediments can be a zone of NH4+ production via ammoniﬁcation of organic nitrogen. In all stands, P-PO43− concentrations were three-fold higher during the wet season, with a maximum of 34.4 μM. This can be explained by enhanced microbial activity during the rainy season. The phosphorus seasonal trend was also observed in the creek water but with a maximum P-PO43− value of 4.3 μM only. In the tidal creek, NNH4+ was highly variable (0 to 51 μM), with the higher values measured at low tide and related to porewater discharge from the mudﬂat. Our data suggest that mangroves act both as a sink of dissolved inorganic nutrients via vegetation uptake and a source of ammonium from unvegetated mudﬂat porewater towards the tidal creek. The dual stable isotopes approach (δ15NNO3 & δ18ONO3) revealed that this ammonium was later nitriﬁed within the water column. Moreover, the approach showed that some nitrate originated from the river-estuarine system during rising tides. The export of ammonium from mangrove porewater is presumably entirely consumed before exiting the tidal creek, thereby limiting the spatial extent of mangrove Outwelling. Nevertheless, our multi-isotope approach leads us to conclude that nutrients recycling via mangrove-derived organic matter mineralization may play a fundamental role in sustaining coastal food web.

Assessing the ecological status of an estuarine ecosystem: linking biodiversity and food-web indicators - Le Guen, Camille; Samuele Tecchio; Jean-Claude Dauvin; De Roton, G.; Lobry, Jeremy; Lepage, Mario; Morin, Jocelyne; Géraldine Lassalle; Raoux, Aurore; Nathalie Niquil (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2019)
During the last decades, the highly-anthropized Seine estuary has been impacted by modification of its habitats (building of a major extension of Le Havre harbour, i.e. Port2000) and a significant natural decrease in freshwater discharge. A Before/After analysis, using a toolbox of indicators, was applied to characterize the effects of both events on the estuarine ecosystem status. We selected from existing tool boxes several indicators derived from food web modelling or community composition data, such as biodiversity indicators, a guild-based index (i.e. Estuarine and Lagoon Fish Index ELFI) and ecological network analysis (ENA) indices. ENA and biodiversity indicators were applied on six spatial boxes describing the Seine estuary and its outlet. Results showed an increase in taxonomic and functional richness over time, mainly due to marinisation, and significant changes in food-web properties in relation to Port2000. ENA indices appeared as a promising method in ecological status assessment, especially for estuaries considered as inherently disturbed. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: Biodiversity; bioindicator; community composition; ecological approach; ecological modeling; ecosystem function; ecosystem health; environmental assessment; estuarine ecosystem; food web; France; habitat management; health status; human activity; Le Havre; Normandie; Seine Estuary; Seine Maritime

Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillations drive the basin-scale distribution of Atlantic bluefin tuna - Robin Faillettaz; Grégory Beaugrand; Goberville, Eric; Richard R Kirby (Science Advances, 2019)
The Atlantic bluefin tuna (hereafter referred to as “bluefin tuna”), one of the world's most valuable and exploited fish species, has been declining in abundance throughout the Atlantic from the 1960s until the mid-2000s. Following the establishment of drastic management measures, the stock has started to recover recently and, as a result, stakeholders have raised catch quotas by 50{%} for the period 2017–2020. However, stock assessments still omit the natural, long-term variability in the species distribution. Here, we explore the century-scale fluctuations in bluefin tuna abundance and distribution to demonstrate a prevailing influence of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) to provide new insights into both the collapse of the Nordic bluefin tuna fishery circa 1963 and the recent increase in bluefin tuna abundance in the Northeast Atlantic. Our results demonstrate how climatic variability can modulate the distribution of a large migrating species to generate rapid changes in its regional abundance, and we argue that climatic variability must not be overlooked in stock management plans for effective conservation.

AVIS et RAPPORT de l'Anses relatif aux effets sur la santé humaine et sur l'environnement (faune et flore) des systèmes utilisant des diodes électroluninescentes (LED) - Attia, Dina; Behard-Cohen Francine; Carré, Samuel; Enouf, Olivier; Jack Falcon; Gronfier, Claude; Hicks, David; Martinsons, Christophe; Metlaine, Arnaud; Tahkamo, Leena; Torriglia, Alicia; Viénot, Françoise (ANSES, 2019)
Keywords: Fauna; Flora; health; LED; Light-at-night; pollution

Bacterial–Fungal Interactions in the Kelp Endomicrobiota Drive Autoinducer-2 Quorum Sensing - Tourneroche, Anne; Lami, Raphaël; Cédric Hubas; Blanchet, Elodie; Vallet, Marine; Escoubeyrou, Karine; Paris, Alain; Prado, Soizic (Frontiers in Microbiology, 2019)
Brown macroalgae are an essential component of temperate coastal ecosystems and a growing economic sector. They harbor diverse microbial communities that regulate algal development and health. This algal holobiont is dynamic and achieves equilibrium via a complex network of microbial and host interactions. We now report that bacterial and fungal endophytes associated with four brown algae (Ascophyllum nodosum, Pelvetia canaliculata, Laminaria digitata, and Saccharina latissima) produce metabolites that interfere with bacterial autoinducer-2 quorum sensing, a signaling system implicated in virulence and host colonization. Additionally, we performed co-culture experiments combined to a metabolomic approach and demonstrated that microbial interactions influence production of metabolites, including metabolites involved in quorum sensing. Collectively, the data highlight autoinducer-2 quorum sensing as a key metabolite in the complex network of interactions within the algal holobiont.

Barbatula leoparda (Actinopterygii, Nemacheilidae), a new endemic species of stone loach of French Catalonia - Gauliard, Camille; Dettai, Agnès; Persat, Henri; Philippe Keith; Denys, Gaël (Cybium, 2019)
This study described a new stone loach species in France, Barbatula leoparda, which is endemic to French Catalonia (Têt and Tech river drainages). Seven specimens were compared to 49 specimens of B. barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758) and 71 specimens of B. quignardi (Băcescu-Meşter, 1967). This new species is characterized by the presence of blotches on the belly and the jugular area in individuals longer than 47 mm SL and by a greater interorbital distance (35.5 to 41.8% of the head length). We brought moreover the sequence of two mitochondrial markers (COI and 12S, respectively 652 and 950 bp) of the holotype, which are well distinct from all other species, for molecular identifications. This discovery is important for conservation.
Keywords: Barbatula leopard; French Catalonia; Freshwater; Nemacheilidae; New species

Beaches seasonal and paroxysmal morphosedimentary dynamics. results of 10 years Martinique coastal observation network. - Franck Dolique; Sedrati, M.; Charpentier, J.; Jeanson, Matthieu; Cohen, O.; Dupuy, L.; Alami, S. (Journal of Coastal Research, 2019)

Behavior of Antimicrobial Peptide K4 in a Marine Environment. - Houyvet, Baptiste; Leduc, Alexandre; Cornet, Valérie; Pontin, Julien; Bernay, Benoît; Joël Henry; Vetois, Emilie; Céline Zatylny-Gaudin (Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins, 2019)
K4 is a de novo peptide with antibacterial activity on human pathogens. It has a short sequence (14 amino acids), with a cationic N-terminal moiety and an amphipathic ɑ-helix structure. The present paper demonstrates its activity on Vibrio bacteria in a marine environment. It was found non-toxic on marine organisms including Artemia salina, Dicentrarchus labrax, and Magallana gigas at different developmental stages, but influenced the growth of unicellular organisms like microalgae, depending on the algal strain and on K4 concentration. Furthermore, an original approach coupling liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS/MS) allowed us to monitor the degradation time course of the peptide for the first time in conditions close to a hatchery environment, i.e., in the presence of oyster spat. We detected truncated forms over time, and the full K4 was gradually no longer found in these filter-feeder oysters. Finally, using an automated optical density meter, we monitored the growth of several aquatic bacteria identified as pathogenic on animals. K4 had a bactericidal effect on Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio splendidus LGP32 at concentrations below 45 μg mL-1. Our results show that K4 could be an environment-friendly alternative to antibiotics, non-toxic to several marine organisms. The use of K4 would be particularly useful to decrease the bacterial load associated with food intake in the early developmental stages of marine animals reared in hatcheries

Behaviour of endangered European eels in proximity to a dam during downstream migration: Novel insights using high accuracy 3D acoustic telemetry - Thomas Trancart; Alexandre Carpentier; Anthony Acou; Danet, Valentin; Elliott, Sophie; Eric Feunteun (Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 2019)
River infrastructures such as weirs, hydropower stations or water reservoirs represent obstructions to migration for diadromous fish. Knowledge of accurate behaviour of fish in front of such structures is required to protect migrants from hazardous areas, guide them towards safe passage or adapt structure to improve the escapement. We developed and made available a method to process acoustic telemetry data based on Time Difference Of Arrival analysis to accurately locate tagged fish. Improved accuracy allows the detection of escape routes and description of dam-crossing tactics. Sixteen tagged eels were tracked with high accuracy (1–2 m) and 1 location min−1 frequency during their exploration period on reaching the dam. Two migration routes (spillways and bottom compensation flow pipe) were used by 77% and 23% of eels respectively. Spillways were the preferred route, but a median of 16 days were required to pass the dam versus 1.1 days via the compensation pipe. A minimal water crest of 40 cm was required for passage via spillways. Eels passing through the compensation pipe were exclusively nocturnal and mainly explored the bottom of the dam. Eels passing through spillways explored the whole dam area by night and day, and were not attracted to the compensation pipe entrance. With global warming, more frequent drought periods are expected, potentially leading to decreased opportunities for eels to migrate across safer dams by spillways. To conserve this endangered species, dam management strategies that account for expected hydrologic conditions and distinct exploration behaviours are needed.
Keywords: 3D acoustic telemetry; dam; diadromous fish; downstream migration; European eel

Biochemical composition and energy content of size-fractionated zooplankton east of the Kerguelen Islands - Harmelin-Vivien, Mireille; Bӑnaru, Daniela; Charlotte R. Dromard; Ourgaud, Mélanie; Carlotti, François (Polar Biology, 2019)

Can we generate robust species distribution models at the scale of the Southern Ocean? - Fabri-Ruiz, Salomé; Danis, Bruno; David, Bruno; Saucède, Thomas (Diversity and Distributions, 2019)

Caridina malanda, a new species of freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from the Wet Tropics World Heritage area, north–eastern Queensland, Australia - CHOY, SATISH; PAGE, TIMOTHY J.; de Mazancourt, Valentin; MOS, BENJAMIN (Zootaxa, 2019)
Integrated molecular and morphological studies of newly collected and curated specimens of the genus Caridina from the Atherton Tablelands, Wet Tropics World Heritage Area in north–eastern Queensland, Australia indicated the presence of an undescribed species belonging to the Caridina zebra Short 1993 complex. This species is somewhat intermediate, although distinct on the basis of molecular data and morphology, from two known sympatric species, Caridina zebra and C. confusa Choy & Marshall 1997, and an allopatric species, C. spinula Choy & Marshall 1997, from the Cape York Peninsula, about 500 km north. It is described here as a new species, C. malanda sp. nov., and compared with similar congeners. A key for the identification of the species, as well as notes on its distribution, ecology, and conservation, are provided.

Changes in marine phytoplankton diversity: Assessment under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive - Rombouts, I.; Nathalie Simon; Anais Aubert; T. Cariou; Eric Feunteun; Laurent Guerin; M. Hoebeke; A. McQuatters-Gollop; F. Rigaut-Jalabert; Luis Felipe Artigas (Ecological Indicators, 2019)
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive requires EU Member States to assess the Good Environmental Status (GES) of their marine waters in a coherent and strategic manner. For the regional assessment of biodiversity, the OSPAR Intersessional Coordination Group of Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring (ICG-COBAM) provides substantial advice. Through expert working groups, phytoplankton indicators are currently being developed to measure the state and the change in pelagic diversity, to quantify food web dynamics and to measure the extent of eutrophication impacts. We developed a multi-metric indicator that is compliant with the common OSPAR indicator “Changes in plankton diversity” (PH3). The aim was to describe the structure of the phytoplankton community (alpha diversity) and to detect significant temporal changes (beta diversity) to evaluate the health of pelagic habitats. In this pilot study, we used three coastal time-series in the Western Channel and the north of the Bay of Biscay (North Atlantic, France) to test the efficiency and the performance of several existing diversity indices. We validated two alpha diversity indices, namely the Menhinick Index (D) and the Hulburt Index (δ), based on their complementary ecological information, their strong relationship with habitat characteristics, and their relative ease of interpretation for stakeholders. Temporal shifts or rate of change in community structure were detected by the Local Contributions to Beta Diversity index (LCBD; a beta diversity measure). For the years where significantly high LCBD values were found, the Importance Value Index (IVI) was calculated to potentially identify the taxa (genus) responsible for the “unusual” community structure. For example, at the Ouest Loscolo site in 2008, an elevated LCBD (0.45) coincided with a high dominance value (Hulburt’s Index) caused by the occurrence of a monospecific bloom of Leptocylindrus spp. (IVI = 73%) in July (2.22 × 106 cells L−1) and October (8 × 106 cells L−1). In this way, PH3 informs on different aspects of phytoplankton diversity from a community to a genus level. At the current stage of development, however, PH3 acts as a “surveillance” rather than an operational indicator since the relationship to GES is not directly tracked. In the future, by additional testing of PH3 and extending the geographical scope, the robustness of the assessment could be further determined across the OSPAR Maritime Area.
Keywords: community composition; Good environmental status; Indicators; Marine policy; MSFD; OSPAR; Pelagic habitat; Plankton

Characterization of an evolutionarily conserved calcitonin signalling system in a lophotrochozoan, the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) - Julie Schwartz; Réalis-Doyelle, Emilie; Marie-Pierre Dubos; Lefranc, Benjamin; Leprince, Jérôme; Pascal Favrel (The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2019)

Characterization of an evolutionarily conserved calcitonin signalling system in a lophotrochozoan, the Pacific oyster (). - Julie Schwartz; Réalis-Doyelle, Emilie; Marie-Pierre Dubos; Lefranc, Benjamin; Leprince, Jérôme; Pascal Favrel (J Exp Biol, 2019)
In Protostoma, the diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) signalling system was long considered as the orthologue of the chordate calcitonin (CT) signalling system. Using the Pacific oyster () transcriptomic database GigaTON, we characterized seven G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) named Cragi-CTR1-7 and phylogenetically related to chordate CT receptors (CTRs) and to protostome DH31 receptors. Two CT precursors (Cragi-CTP1 and Cragi-CTP2) containing two CT-type peptides and encoded by two distinct genes with a similar organization were also characterized. These oyster neuropeptides (Cragi-CT1/2) exhibit the two N-terminal paired cysteine residues and, except CTP2-derived peptide (Cragi-CTP2dp), show the C-terminal proline-amide motif typical of deuterostome CT-type peptides. All mature Cragi-CTs except Cragi-CTP2dp were detected in visceral ganglion extracts using mass spectrometry. Cell-based assays revealed that the previously characterized oyster receptors Cg-CT-R and Cragi-CTR2 were specifically activated by Cragi-CT1b and Cragi-CT2, respectively. This activation does not require the co-expression of receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). Thus, oyster CT signalling appears functionally more closely related to vertebrate CT/CTR signalling than to calcitonin gene-related peptide/calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CGRP/CLR) signalling. Gene expression profiles in different adult tissues and in oysters acclimated to brackish water suggest the potential implication of both Cg-CT-R/Cragi-CT1b and Cragi-CTR2/Cragi-CT2 in water and ionic regulations, although with apparently opposite effects. The present study represents the first comprehensive characterization of a functional CT-type signalling system in a protostome and provides evidence for its evolutionarily ancient origin and its early role in osmotic homeostasis.

Coastal waters freshening and extreme seasonality affect organic matter sources, quality, and transfers in a High Arctic fjord (Young Sound, Greenland) - Bridier, Guillaume; Tarik Meziane; Grall, Jacques; Laurent Chauvaud; Sejr, Mikael K.; Menneteau, Sylvain; Frédéric Olivier (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2019)
Arctic benthic ecosystems are expected to experience strong modifications in the dynamics of primary producers and/or benthic-pelagic coupling under climate change. However, lack of knowledge about the influence of physical constraints (e.g. ice-melting associated gradients) on organic matter sources, quality, and transfers in systems such as fjords can impede predictions of the evolution of benthic-pelagic coupling in response to global warming. Here, sources and quality of particulate organic matter (POM) and sedimentary organic matter (SOM) were characterized along an inner-outer gradient in a High Artic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland) exposed to extreme seasonal and physical constraints (ice-melting associated gradients). The influence of the seasonal variability of food sources on 2 dominant filter-feeding bivalves (Astarte moerchi and Mya truncata) was also investigated. Results revealed the critical impact of long sea ice/snow cover conditions prevailing in Young Sound corresponding to a period of extremely poor and degraded POM and SOM. Freshwater inputs had a very local impact during summer, with relatively more degraded POM at the surface compared to bottom waters that were less nutritionally depleted but more heterogeneous among the sampled stations. Terrestrial inputs contributed to the SOM composition but showed a large variability along the fjord. Finally, diet analyses underlined the contrasted nutritional conditions, showing much higher lipid reserves in A. moerchi than in M. truncata during winter. Under a scenario with increased freshwater input, such results suggest a decline in organic matter quality and production in Young Sound, with subsequent impacts on benthic food webs.

Commercial traceability of Arapaima spp. fisheries in the Amazon basin: can biogeochemical tags be useful? - Santos, Roberto; Hauser, Marilia; Duponchelle, Fabrice; Carvajal, Fernando; Pecheyran, Christophe; Bérail, Sylvain; Marc Pouilly; Pereira, Luciana (2019)

Comparing the efficiency of hypoxia mitigation strategies in an urban, turbid tidal river via a coupled hydro-sedimentary biogeochemical model - Lajaunie-Salla, Katixa; Sottolichio, Aldo; Schmidt, Sabine; Litrico, Xavier; Binet, Guillaume; Gwenaël Abril (Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2019)

The complex study of complexes: The first well-supported phylogeny of two species complexes within genus Caridina (Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) sheds light on evolution, biogeography, and habitat - de Mazancourt, Valentin; Klotz, Werner; Marquet, Gérard; Mos, B; Rogers, C; Philippe Keith (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2019)
Atyid shrimps, a key component of tropical freshwater ecosystems, face multiple anthropogenic threats and thus need special attention. With more than 300 described species, the genus Caridina is the most speciose of all the Caridea infra-order. Caridina spp. occupy diverse habitats in tropical freshwaters of the Indo-West Pacific region. Several species complexes have been recognized, based on common morphological features, but little is known about how well these morphological characteristics align with phylogenetic characteristics. Furthermore, no phylogeny of the genus Caridina published so far has provided well-resolved and supported relationships among different species, thus impeding the possibility of proposing evolutionary hypotheses. In this study we used next generation sequencing (NGS) to provide new insights into the phylogenetic relationships among the genus Caridina, focusing on two complexes: ‘Caridina nilotica’ and ‘Caridina weberi’. We collected 92 specimens belonging to these two groups from most of their known geographical range, representing 50 species, for which we sequenced seven mitochondrial genes and two nuclear markers using ion torrent NGS. We performed a phylogenetic analysis, which yielded the first well-supported tree for the genus Caridina. On this tree were mapped the geographic ranges and the habitats used by the different species, and a time calibration was tested. We found the driving factors that most likely account for separation of clades are differences in habitat and to a lesser extent geography. This work provides new insights into the taxonomy of this group and identifies opportunities for further studies in order to fill knowledge gaps that currently impede the management and conservation of atyid species. 1. Introduction
Keywords: amphidromy; freshwater shrimp; Indo-Pacific; Mitochondrial genome; Molecular systematics; taxonomy

Contrasting biodiversity of eel larvae across the central Indian Ocean subtropical gyre - Miller, Michael J; Wouthuyzen, Sam; Eric Feunteun; Aoyama, Jun; Watanabe, Shun; Syahailatua, Augy; Kuroki, Mari; Robinet, Tony; Hagihara, Seishi; Otake, Tsuguo; others (Deep Sea Research Part II: Tropical Studies in Oceanography, 2019)
The unique semi-enclosed Indian Ocean basin includes large Mascarene Plateau banks, offshore coral-reef islands, seasonal equatorial current jets, and cross-basin westward South Equatorial Current (SEC) flow, making it interesting for studying long larval-duration eel larvae (leptocephali) and regional eel biodiversity. Three surveys for leptocephali (in 2003, 2006, 2010) included sampling west of the Mascarene Plateau (west), a major survey and other stations off Sumatra and Java (east), and 2 cross-basin transects across the SEC. The highest numbers of leptocephali species were observed along Sumatra (2003: ~143 species; 2006: 72 species) and south of Java (2010: 69), with intermediate numbers being collected in the western Indian Ocean (2006: 71; 2010: 53) compared to low numbers in the hydrographically variable offshore zones (2006, 2010: 3–27). The larger continental shelf areas along Sumatra including the Mentawai Islands provide more coral reef and other habitats for species such as congrid, muraenid, ophichthid, and chlopsid eels compared to the Mascarene Plateau banks. Some larvae in these areas get transported offshore, but the majority of offshore larvae were of Nemichthyidae and Serrivomeridae mesopelagic eels that were spawning across the basin. Habitat differences between the southern Mascarene Plateau and Sumatra and southern Indonesia along the edge of the high biodiversity Coral Triangle likely explain the higher biodiversity of eel larvae observed along the western side of the basin, which for the Congridae and Ophichthidae included more species than observed previously within the central Indonesian Seas. In addition to local spawning, seasonal currents likely transport larger larvae towards Sumatra from the north or west and larvae may enter the basin from the Indonesian Throughflow in the east, but it is unknown if equatorial jets or the SEC can transport larvae across the whole basin.

Correlations between broad‐scale taxonomic and genetic differentiations suggest a dominant imprint of historical processes on beta diversities - Robuchon, Marine; Leroy, Boris; Jézéquel, Céline; Hugueny, Bernard (Journal of Biogeography, 2019)

Correspondence: An appraisal of the effects on human health and the environment of using light-emitting diodes - Martinsons, Christophe; Attia, Dina; Behar-Cohen, Francine; Carré, Samuel; Enouf, Olivier; Jack Falcon; Gronfier, Claude; Hicks, David; Metlaine, Arnaud; Tahkamo, Leena; Torriglia, Alicia; Viénot, Françoise (Lighting Research & Technology, 2019)

Cottus petiti Bǎcescu & Bǎcescu-Meşter, 1964 (Cottidae) - Lefèbvre, Stéphane; Richard, Sylvain; Beaudou, Domninique; Denys, Gaël (Cybium, 2019)

Current and future climatic regions favourable for a globally introduced wild carnivore, the raccoon Procyon lotor - Louppe, Vivien; Leroy, Boris; Herrel, Anthony; Veron, Géraldine (Scientific Reports, 2019)

Data for evolutive analysis of insulin related peptides in bilaterian species - Cherif--Feildel, Maëva; Clothilde Berthelin; Riviere, Guillaume; Favrel, Pascal; Kellner, Kristell (Data in Brief, 2019)

decadal scale dynamics and morphological evolution of mangroves and beaches in a reef-lagoon complex, Mayotte island. - Jeanson, Matthieu; Franck Dolique; Anthony, Edward J. (Journal of Coastal Research, 2019)

Decreased thermal tolerance under recurrent heat stress conditions explains summer mass mortality of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis - Seuront, Laurent; Nicastro, Katy R.; Zardi, Gerardo I.; Goberville, Eric (Scientific Reports, 2019)
Extreme events such as heat waves have increased in frequency and duration over the last decades. Under future climate scenarios, these discrete climatic events are expected to become even more recurrent and severe. Heat waves are particularly important on rocky intertidal shores, one of the most thermally variable and stressful habitats on the planet. Intertidal mussels, such as the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, are ecosystem engineers of global ecological and economic importance, that occasionally suffer mass mortalities. This study investigates the potential causes and consequences of a mass mortality event of M. edulis that occurred along the French coast of the eastern English Channel in summer 2018. We used an integrative, climatological and ecophysiological methodology based on three complementary approaches. We first showed that the observed mass mortality (representing 49 to 59% of the annual commercial value of local recreational and professional fisheries combined) occurred under relatively moderate heat wave conditions. This result indicates that M. edulis body temperature is controlled by non-climatic heat sources instead of climatic heat sources, as previously reported for intertidal gastropods. Using biomimetic loggers (i.e. ’robomussels’), we identified four periods of 5 to 6 consecutive days when M. edulis body temperatures consistently reached more than 30 °C, and occasionally more than 35 °C and even more than 40 °C. We subsequently reproduced these body temperature patterns in the laboratory to infer M. edulis thermal tolerance under conditions of repeated heat stress. We found that thermal tolerance consistently decreased with the number of successive daily exposures. These results are discussed in the context of an era of global change where heat events are expected to increase in intensity and frequency, especially in the eastern English Channel where the low frequency of commercially exploitable mussels already questions both their ecological and commercial sustainability.

Detecting outliers in species distribution data: Some caveats and clarifications on a virtual species study - Meynard, Christine N.; Kaplan, David M.; Leroy, Boris (Journal of Biogeography, 2019)

Detection of Adsorbed Chlordecone on Microplastics in Marine Sediments in Guadeloupe: A Preliminary Study - Sandre, Fidji; Charlotte R. Dromard; Le Menach, Karyn; Bouchon-Navaro, Yolande; Cordonnier, Sébastien; Tapie, Nathalie; Budzinski, Hélène; Bouchon, Claude (Gulf and Caribbean Research, 2019)

Differential Influence of Life Cycle on Growth and Toxin Production of three Pseudo‐nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) - Aurore Sauvey; Pascal Claquin; Bertrand Le Roy; Le Gac, Mickael; Juliette Fauchot (Journal of Phycology, 2019)

Differential Influence of Life Cycle on Growth and Toxin Production of three Pseudo-nitzschia Species (Bacillariophyceae) - Aurore Sauvey; Pascal Claquin; Le Roy, Bertrand; Le Gac, Mickael; Juliette Fauchot (Journal of Phycology, 2019)
We used a multistrain approach to study the intra- and interspecific variability of the growth rates of three Pseudo-nitzschia species – P. australis, P. fraudulenta, and P. pungens – and of their domoic acid (DA) production. We carried out mating and batch experiments to investigate the respective effects of strain age and cell size, and thus the influence of their life cycle on the physiology of these species. The cell size – life cycle relationship was characteristic of each species. The influence of age and cell size on the intraspecific variability of growth rates suggests that these characteristics should be considered cautiously for the strains used in physiological studies on Pseudo-nitzschia species. The results from all three species do not support the hypothesis of a decrease in DA production with time since isolation from natural populations. In P. australis, the cellular DA content was rather a function of cell size. More particularly, cells at the gametangia stage of their life cycle contained up to six times more DA than smaller or larger cells incapable of sexual reproduction. These findings reveal a link between P. australis life cycle and cell toxicity. This suggest that life cycle dynamics in Pseudo-nitzschia natural populations may influence bloom toxicity. © 2019 Phycological Society of America

Distribution and life history trait models indicate vulnerability of skates - Sophie A.M. Elliott; Alexandre Carpentier; Eric Feunteun; Thomas Trancart (Progress in Oceanography, 2019)
Elasmobranchs are k-strategy species with low reproduction rate and slow growth lending to increased anthropogenic vulnerability. Specific management measures to improve the conservation of elasmobranchs can be problematic due to insufficient information on their biology and ecology. Here, three sympatric skates occupying north-eastern Atlantic waters, which have differing conservation status were studied within ICES divisions 4.c, 7.d–e, 7.f–h and 8a–b and d. Fisheries-dependent data on skate bycatch and a series of environmental variables were used to model spatio-temporal differences in habitat use between the three species. Raja undulata, the undulate ray (IUCN red listed as ‘Endangered’) was observed to have a coastal distribution within the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay (ICES division 7.d–e and 8.a–b). Raja clavata, the thornback ray (‘Near threatened’), had a broader distribution with higher presence in the eastern English Channel and the southern North Sea (ICES division 7.e and 4.c). Raja montagui, the spotted ray’s probability of presence (‘Least concerned’) was higher off the coast of southern Ireland (ICES division 7.g). Seasonal and life-history trait differences were also observed. From the fisheries-dependent data, wider skate distributions than previously studied were modelled. Although the species do co-occur, spatio-temporal differences between these species were observed. This study contributes to a greater understanding of skate habitat during their different life history stages, and indicates reasons for R. undulata’s increased vulnerability than R. clavata and R. montagui. Information from the distribution models could be used for specific spatio-temporal management measures. Better understanding of the distribution of species can also help reduce bycatch of protected species such as R. undulata.
Keywords: Distribution modelling; Elasmobranchs; Fisheries management; Habitat; IUCN red list species; Life history traits

Distribution of anguillid leptocephali and possible spawning areas in the South Pacific Ocean - Mari Kuroki; Michael J. Miller; Eric Feunteun; Pierre Sasal; Timothy Pikering; Yu-San Han; Elisabeth Faliex; Anthony Acou; Aurélie Dessier; Robert Schabetsberger; Shun Watanabe; Tatsuya Kawakami; et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2019)
Seven South Pacific anguillid eel species live from New Guinea to French Polynesia, but their spawning areas and life histories are mostly unknown despite previous sampling surveys. A July–October 2016 research cruise was conducted to study the spawning areas and times, and larval distributions of South Pacific anguillid eels, which included a short 155°E station-line northeast of New Guinea and five long transects (5–25°S, 160°E–140°W) crossing the South Equatorial (SEC) and other currents. This survey collected nearly 4000 anguilliform leptocephali at 179 stations using an Isaacs-Kidd Midwater Trawl accompanied by 104 CTD casts. Based on morphometric observations and DNA sequencing, 74 anguillid leptocephali were collected, which in the southern areas included 29 larvae of six species: Anguilla bicolor pacifica, A. marmorata, A. australis, A. reinhardtii, A. megastoma,and A. obscura (all anguillid species of the region were caught except A. dieffenbachii). Small A. australis (9.0–16.8 mm) and A. reinhardtii (12.4, 12.5 mm) leptocephali were collected south of the Solomon Islands, other A. australis (10.8–12.0 mm) larvae were caught northwest of Fiji along with an A. obscura (20.0 mm) larva, and an A. marmorata (7.8 mm) larva was collected near Samoa. Considering collection sites, larval ages from otolith analysis, and westward SEC drift, multiple spawning locations occurred from south of the Solomon Islands and the Fiji area (16–20 days old larvae) to near Samoa (19 days old larva) during June and July in areas where high-salinity Subtropical Underwater (STUW, 150 m depth) and the warm, low-salinity surface Fresh Pool were present. Five long hydrographic sections showed the strong Fresh Pool in the west and the STUW formation area in the east.
Keywords: Early life history; Freshwater eels; Migration; otolith; South Pacific; Spawning

Dmrt1 (doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor 1) expression during gonadal development and spermatogenesis in the Japanese eel. - Jeng, Shan-Ru; Wu, Guan-Chung; Wen-Shiun Yueh; Kuo, S-F; Sylvie Dufour; Chang, Ching-Fong (General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2019)