Does Addition of Perch Larvae as Prey Affect the Growth, Development and Cannibalism Rate of Pikeperch Larvae? - Cortay, A; Tatiana Colchen; Fontaine, P; Pasquet, A (Fishes, 2019)
Cannibalism occurs in many cultured fish species, especially at the larval and juvenile stages of piscivorous taxa. In farmed percid species, such as pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), intra-cohort cannibalism is a major issue inducing significant losses of the initial stocking density during the first weeks of rearing. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of perch larvae (Perca fluviatilis) as live prey on growth, survival and cannibalism in pikeperch larvae under experimental conditions. Additionally, zootechnical and behavioural variables linked to aggressiveness (S postures, attacks, bites and ingestion), and group structures were considered. The survival rate was not different between the two groups (72% with prey vs. 69% without prey), but the cannibalism rate was higher in the group with the prey (28% vs. 10%). The means of final weight and length of pikeperch larvae were higher in the group fed with perch larvae, but size heterogeneity measured by the coefficients of variation for these two parameters did not differ. The specific growth rate was higher in the group fed with perch larvae, but there was no difference between the two groups concerning Fulton’s condition factor. Among all the behavioural variables (aggressiveness, group structure), none differed between the two groups.
Keywords: aggressiveness; Cannibalism; forage prey; Growth; Sander lucioperca; size heterogeneity

Does Loire grayling represent a distinct species ? - Persat, Henri; Denys, Gaël; Froufe, Elsa; Secci-Petretto, Giulia; Weiss, Steven Weiss (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Does your lip stick? Evolutionary aspects of the mouth morphology of the Indo-Pacific clinging goby of the Sicyopterus genus (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Sicydiinae) based on mitogenome phylogeny. - Clara Lord; Laure Bellec; Dettai, Agnès; Céline Bonillo; Philippe Keith (Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 2019)
Sicydiinae gobies have an amphidromous life cycle. Adults grow, feed, and reproduce in rivers, while larvae have a marine dispersal phase. Larvae recruit back to rivers and settle in upstream habitats. Within the Sicydiinae subfamily, the Sicyopterus genus, one of the most diverse (24 species), is distributed in the tropical islands of the Indo‐Pacific. One of the characters used to determine Sicyopterus species is the upper lip morphology, which can be either smooth, crenulated, or with papillae, and with (2 or 3) or without clefts. The mouth is used as a secondary locomotor organ along with the pelvic sucker. It is thus strongly related to the climbing ability of species and is of major importance for the upstream migration and the colonization of insular freshwater systems. The mouth also has an important role in the feeding mechanism of these herbivorous species. In this paper, we have established a molecular phylogeny of the genus based on the 13 mitochondrial protein‐coding genes to discuss the relationship between 18 Sicyopterus species. There is a well‐supported dichotomy in the molecular phylogeny of the Sicyopterus genus and this separation into two clades is also morphologically visible, with the distinction of species with three clefts and species with 0 or 2 clefts on the upper lip. The mouth morphology can thus be separated with regard to the molecular phylogeny obtained. The evolution of the mouth morphology is discussed in terms of the adaptation of the Sicyopterus genus to settlement and life in tropical insular river systems.
Keywords: mitogenome; mouth morphology; Phylogeny; Sicydiinae; Sicyopterus

Drivers and ecological consequences of dominance in periurban phytoplankton communities using networks approaches - Escalas, Arthur; Catherine, Arnaud; Maloufi, Selma; Cellamare, Maria; Sahima Hamlaoui; Yéprémian, Claude; Louvard, Clarisse; Troussellier, Marc; Bernard, Cécile (Water Research, 2019)

Ecological network analysis metrics: The need for an entire ecosystem approach in management and policy - Fath, B.D.; H Asmus; R. Asmus; Baird, D.; Borrett, S.R.; de Jonge, V.N.; Ludovisi, A.; Nathalie Niquil; Scharler, U.M.; Schückel, U.; Wolff, M. (Ocean and Coastal Management, 2019)
In this paper, we identified seven ecological network analysis (ENA) metrics that, in our opinion, have high potential to provide useful and practical information for environmental decision-makers and stakeholders. Measurement and quantification of the network indicators requires that an ecosystem level assessment is implemented. The ENA metrics convey the status of the ecological system state variables, and mostly, the flows and relations between the various nodes of the network. The seven metrics are: 1) Average Path Length (APL), 2) Finn Cycling Index (FCI), 3) Mean Trophic level (MTL), 4) Detritivory to Herbivory ratio (D:H), 5) Keystoneness, 6) Structural Information (SI), and 7) Flow-based Information indices. The procedure for calculating each metric is detailed along with a short evaluation of their potential assessment of environmental status. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: coastal zone; Cycling; Decision making; ecological approach; Ecological network analysis; ecosystem approach; ecosystem management; Ecosystems; environmental policy; food web; Food webs; Marine and coastal environments; Marine environment; network analysis; policy implementation; stakeholder; Trophic length

Ecoregionalisation and conservation of benthic communities in the French exclusive economic zone of Kerguelen - Martin, Alexis (Second Kerguelen Plateau Symposium: marine ecosystem and fisheries, 2019)
The deep-sea benthic ecosystems of the French Kerguelen exclusive economic zone remain poorly understood. To address benthic conservation issues, the authors recently contributed expert knowledge to guide the recent extension of the Marine Reserve of the ‘Terres australes françaises’. In this new study, we propose a benthic ecoregionalisation of the northern Kerguelen Plateau based on a measurable and repeatable methodology that relies on the generalised dissimilarity modelling technique. Data of macro-epibenthic invertebrate species from the POKER 2 (2010) fish stock assessment survey have been used to compute the models. Our results allow us (i) to characterise and map benthic landscape units based on assemblages of marine invertebrates pooled by taxa and life-history traits, (ii) to highlight the environmental drivers of the spatial distribution of benthic assemblages, (iii) to assess the relevance of the CCAMLR’s vulnerable marine ecosystems bioindicator taxa, and (iv) to assess the effectiveness of ‘strictly protected areas’ of the new Marine Reserve for the conservation of deep-sea benthic ecosystems.
Keywords: benthic ecosystems; benthos; deep-sea; ecoregionalisation; kerguelen; poker

Environmental fate of chlordecone in coastal habitats: recent studies conducted in Guadeloupe and Martinique (Lesser Antilles) - Charlotte R. Dromard; Devault, Damien A.; Bouchon-Navaro, Yolande; Allénou, Jean-Pierre; Budzinski, Hélène; Cordonnier, Sébastien; Tapie, Nathalie; Reynal, Lionel; Lemoine, Soazig; Thomé, Jean-Pierre; Thouard, Emmanuel; Monti, Dominique; et al. (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019)

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in France: An example of close cooperation among researchers and fishers to study and manage an endangered species - Prouzet, P.; Amilhat, E.; Boisneau, C.; Boisneau, P.; Eric Feunteun; Michelet, N. (Oceanography Challenges to Future Earth: Human and Natural Impacts on our Seas, 2019)

Evolutionary aspects of cephalic sensory papillae of the Indo‐ Pacific species of Eleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) - Marion Mennesson; Maeda, Ken; Philippe Keith (Zoologica Scripta, 2019)
Eleotris species (Teleostei: Eleotridae) are one of the most common fish in Indo‐Pacific estuaries and insular freshwater streams. In these rivers, they are a sit‐andwaitpredator. They have an amphidromous life cycle,  that is adults grow, feed and reproduce in rivers, while larvae have a marine dispersal phase. Larvae recruit back to rivers and settle in stream habitats. Primary characters used to determine  Eleotris species are the presence and the disposition of cephalic sensory papillae rows on the operculum and under the eyes as well as scale row numbers. The morphology of these cephalic sensory papillae is of particular importance in this predatory genus as it is generally correlated in fish to predation and feeding. In this paper, we have established a molecular phylogeny of the genus based on the 12 mitochondrial protein‐ coding genes to discuss the relationship between Indo‐Pacific  Eleotris species. There is a well‐supported dichotomy in the molecular phylogeny, and this separation into two main clades is also morphologically visible, as it reveals a difference in the arrangement of cephalic sensory papillae. Indeed, the phylogeny distinguishes the species with the “open” pattern of the operculum sensory papillae and the species with the “closed” one. This phylogeny thus reflects the morphology of the opercular papillae. The evolution of this character is discussed in terms of the adaptation of the Eleotris genus to life in tropical insular river systems.

Examples of Understory Plant Communities Observed in Post‐Agricultural Recent Woodlands and Uninterrupted Ancient Forests - Morel, Loïs; Barbe, Lou; Jung, Vincent; Clément, Bernard; Schnitzler, Annik; Frédéric Ysnel (Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 2019)

Exploration during early life: distribution, habitat and orientation preferences in juvenile king penguins - Orgeret, F.; Clara Péron; Enstipp, M. R.; Delord, K.; Weimerskirch, H.; Bost, C. A. (Movement Ecology, 2019)
Background The early life of marine apex predators is poorly known, particularly for diving species. The orientation and foraging skills are presumably less developed in juveniles than in adults, especially during their first year at sea when juveniles might disperse further than adults. Methods Over two years of monitoring, we tracked the movements of 17 juvenile king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus, ~ 1 year old) using satellite relay tags from Crozet Archipelago (Southern Indian Ocean), starting when birds left their natal colony for the first time. For comparison we also tagged 6 non-breeding adults, which at that stage, similar to juveniles, are unhampered by reproductive constraints and might roam further than breeders. We used a combination of cluster analysis and habitat modelling to investigate and compare the movement patterns and habitat use of experienced (non-breeding adults) and non-experienced (juveniles) individuals. Results While juvenile penguins and non-breeding adults followed similar routes, the movements by adults started later in the season and ranged over a considerably smaller area than juveniles. Net squared displacement analysis revealed that both groups did not move to a specific wintering area. Changes in direction of juveniles in respect to their departure island were similar and synchronous for both years. Habitat models revealed that foraging behaviour was affected by environmental variables such as wind or current speeds, sea surface temperature, or oceanic productivity, for both stages. Analysis of tracks revealed that birds moved predominately perpendicular or against the main direction of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the prevailing wind during austral summer (juveniles only) and autumn (juveniles and non-breeding adults). However, both juveniles and adults were more likely to move against the prevailing winds if productivity increased along their trajectories. Conclusions The exceptional duration of our tracking study provided unprecedented insights into the distribution, habitat preferences and orientation of two poorly known life history stages of an expert avian diver. Our study suggests that juveniles might use both innate and learnt skills to reach profitable foraging areas during their first year at sea, which is critical in long-lived species.

Fatty acids, C and N dynamics and stable isotope ratios during experimental degradation of shrimp pond effluents in mangrove water - Vivier, Baptiste; Frank David; Cyril Marchand; Thanh-Nho, Nguyen; Tarik Meziane (Marine Environmental Research, 2019)

Final report of the Madibenthos expedition 2016 - Bouchet, Philippe; Guillaume Dirberg; Laure Corbari; Leblond, Alice (2019)
La grande expédition Madibenthos, menée par le Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, fait partie du programme d’acquisition de connaissances sur le milieu marin de la Martinique (ACQUIMART), piloté par l’Agence des aires marines protégées, la Direction de l’Environnement de l’Aménagement et du Logement, l’Office De l’Eau, la Direction de la Mer et la Collectivité Territoriale de Martinique. La connaissance du milieu naturel est le préalable à l’identification des enjeux de gestion et de protection de celui-ci. L’inventaire a pour but d’enrichir les connaissances en matière de biodiversité et de découvrir des espèces inconnues. Il illustre la convergence des savoirs et des savoir-faire du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle et des besoins de protection et de valorisation du patrimoine naturel martiniquais. L’ambition est de redonner leur place à toutes les composantes de la biodiversité et permettre aux politiques de conservation de s’asseoir sur des fondements plus solides et plus larges que les groupes taxonomiques traditionnellement étudiés (poissons, coraux…). Les groupes taxonomiques principalement ciblés sont les éponges, les mollusques, les crustacés, les échinodermes, les ascidies et les algues, constituant le benthos. Sur le terrain, l’expédition s’est déroulée du 1er septembre au 13 octobre 2016. Les opérations de collecte ont débuté le 5 septembre et se sont terminées le 10 octobre. Une soixantaine de personnes ont participé à l’expédition : chercheurs, étudiants, amateurs de haut niveau ou soutien technique. Tous les types d’habitats ont été échantillonnés (mangroves, fonds meubles, herbiers de phanérogames, algueraies, communautés coralliennes bioconstructrices et non bioconstructrices …), et ce sur les deux côtes caraïbe et atlantique, très différentes. La côte caraïbe est connue pour ses communautés coralliennes riches mais dépourvues de constructions récifales à l’exception de sa partie méridionale. Battue par la houle, la côte atlantique, ou côte « au vent », abrite quant à elle des récifs barrières ou frangeants algo-coralliens, très peu connus du fait de leur accès plus difficile. Les prospections se sont principalement concentrées dans la tranche de 0 à 40 mètres de profondeur. Différentes méthodes d’exploration ont été déployées : la pêche à pied, des plongées couplées à des méthodes de prélèvement innovantes (paniers de brossage, aspirateur sous-marin), et le déploiement de petits engins de pêche (drague, nasses) pouvant aller jusqu’à 100 mètres. L’objectif des ces opérations était de récolter puis de rapatrier les échantillons au laboratoire, où la chaîne de tri traite les spécimens vivants. Les organismes ont été triés par grands groupes zoologiques en fonction de leur taille puis photographiés vivants, les couleurs étant une aide essentielle à l’identification. Suite à cette mission de terrain, le Muséum a impliqué son vaste réseau international de spécialistes pour l’identification des spécimens. L’inventaire a permis de constituer des collections de référence de « nouvelle génération », incluant des collections de tissus et d’ADN, banques de photos des animaux vivants et vouchers de tissus séquencés. Les données bancarisées à mesure de l’avancement des identifications sur les bases de données nationales et internationales de biodiversité (INPN, OBIS, GBIF). Les données issues de l’expédition ont permis et permettront ainsi d’identifier les espèces marines présentes en Martinique, de localiser les secteurs à forte diversité, d’identifier et de localiser les espèces rares ou encore de décrire les communautés vivantes. L’expédition Madibenthos a également été une très belle occasion de communication et de sensibilisation autour de la biodiversité marine de la Martinique. Pendant l’expédition, près d’un millier d’élèves ont été sensibilisés directement au travers des actions pédagogiques. L’expédition a bénéficié 9 d’une bonne couverture médiatique. Un blog a également été tenu à jour, à la fois outils de communication et outil pédagogique. Il reste accessible à l’adresse : http://madibenthos.mnhn.fr/ A ce jour, tout le matériel collecté dans le cadre de Madibenthos n’est pas encore passé dans les mains de spécialistes. Ce rapport rend compte de l’avancement du traitement des différents groupes taxonmiques. Sur la base des groupes pour lesquels le travail d’identification est terminée, des premières analyses exploiratoires ont pu être menées et sont présentées dans ce rapport. Ce travail de valorisation des données de Madibenthos à destination des gestionnaires va se poursuivre à mesure que le travail des taxonomistes enrichit la base de données, et être approfondi. Un projet en ce sens est en cours de conventionnement.

Fine scale geographic residence and annual primary production drive body condition of wild immature green turtles ( Chelonia mydas ) in Martinique Island (Lesser Antilles) - Bonola, Marc; Girondot, Marc; Robin, Jean-Patrice; Martin, Jordan; Siegwalt, Flora; Jeantet, Lorène; Lelong, Pierre; Grand, Clément; Chambault, Philippine; Etienne, Denis; Gresser, Julie; Hielard, Gaëlle; et al. (Biology Open, 2019)

First record of Phoxinus csikii Hankó, 1922 (Actinopterygii, Cypriniformes) in France - Denys, Gaël; Manné, Sébastien (Cybium, 2019)
Une identification moléculaire par barcoding (marqueur du COI, 651 pb) a été réalisée sur un vairon capturé dans le Rupt de Mad à Essey-et-Maizerais (bassin du Rhin/Moselle). Ainsi, ce spécimen appartient à l’espèce récemment revalidée Phoxinus csikii Hankó, 1922. Il s’agit ainsi du premier signalement de cette espèce en France, et de la quatrième espèce de vairon connue dans ce pays.

The first winter influences lifetime wintering decisions in a partially migrant bird - Chambon, Rémi; Gélinaud, Guillaume; Paillisson, Jean-Marc; Lemesle, Jean-Christophe; Frédéric Ysnel; Dugravot, Sébastien (Animal Behaviour, 2019)

Fish skeletal tissues - François J Meunier (Fish histology (Kirschbaum F & Formicki K), 2019)

Fishery discards do not compensate natural prey shortage in Northern gannets from the English Channel - Le Bot, Tangi; Lescroël, Amélie; Fort, Jérôme; Clara Péron; Gimenez, Olivier; Provost, Pascal; Grémillet, David (Biological Conservation, 2019)

Freshwater fishing among Lapita people: The Sleepers (Teleostei: Eleotridae) of Teouma, Vanuatu - Bouffandeau, Laurie; Bearez, Philippe; Philippe Keith; Bedford, Stuart; Spriggs, Matthew (Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2019)
The study of the ichthyofaunal corpus yielded by the archaeological site of Teouma, Efate Island, Vanuatu, has revealed the unexpected presence of a significant number of bones of Eleotridae (Sleepers) on the site, as early as 2920–2870 cal. B.P. Out of the 8560 identified fish remains associated with the Lapita layers, which document the period of initial settlement of the archipelago, 1368 have been determined as belonging to eleotrids, including species of the genera Giuris, Ophiocara and Eleotris. They represent 16% of the corpus and occupy second place among the dominant families in an assemblage composed otherwise of a wide-range of marine coastal and reef-associated taxa. Even though the Lapita economy is characterised by an intensive and broad-spectrum exploitation of all terrestrial and marine resources available and readily procurable, the eleotrids of Teouma are the first clear evidence thus far of the exploitation of freshwater environments by Lapita communities anywhere in their range. A river and a swamp are present in the vicinity of the site, and hooks and lines and/or multipronged spears could have been used. Passive gear such as weirs, fish-traps or nets might have been applied as well, enabling the capture of sleepers in larger quantities. The results presented here offer an original insight of an unknown facet of Lapita subsistence strategies and aim to highlight the antiquity of freshwater fishing at a regional scale.
Keywords: Ichthyoarchaeology; Melanesia; Pacific Islands; River fishing; Subsistence strategies

Freshwater fishing among Lapita people: The Sleepers (Teleostei: Eleotridae) of Teouma, Vanuatu - Bouffandeau, Laurie; Bearez, Philippe; Philippe Keith; Bedford, Stuart; Spriggs, Matthew (Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2019)
The study of the ichthyofaunal corpus yielded by the archaeological site of Teouma, Efate Island, Vanuatu, has revealed the unexpected presence of a significant number of bones of Eleotridae (Sleepers) on the site, as early as 2920–2870 cal. B.P. Out of the 8560 identified fish remains associated with the Lapita layers, which document the period of initial settlement of the archipelago, 1368 have been determined as belonging to eleotrids, including species of the genera Giuris, Ophiocara and Eleotris. They represent 16% of the corpus and occupy second place among the dominant families in an assemblage composed otherwise of a wide-range of marine coastal and reef-associated taxa. Even though the Lapita economy is characterised by an intensive and broad-spectrum exploitation of all terrestrial and marine resources available and readily procurable, the eleotrids of Teouma are the first clear evidence thus far of the exploitation of freshwater environments by Lapita communities anywhere in their range. A river and a swamp are present in the vicinity of the site, and hooks and lines and/or multi-pronged spears could have been used. Passive gear such as weirs, fish-traps or nets might have been applied as well, enabling the capture of sleepers in larger quantities. The results presented here offer an original insight of an unknown facet of Lapita subsistence strategies and aim to highlight the antiquity of freshwater fishing at a regional scale.
Keywords: Ichthyoarchaeology; Melanesia; Pacific Islands; River fishing; Subsistence strategies

Functional divergence of thyrotropin beta-subunit paralogs gives new insights into salmon smoltification metamorphosis - Fleming, Mitchell S; Maugars, Gersende; Lafont, Anne-Gaelle; Rancon, Jocelyn; Fontaine, Romain; Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, Rasoul; Weltzien, Finn-Arne; Santidrian Yebra-Pimentel, Elena; Dirks, Ron; McCormick, Stephen D; Rousseau, Karine; Martin, Patrick; et al. (Scientific Reports, 2019)

Functional traits unravel temporal changes in fish biomass production on artificial reefs - Cresson, Pierre; Le Direach, Laurence; Rouanet, Elodie; Goberville, Eric; Astruch, Patrick; Ourgaud, Mélanie; Mireille Harmelin-Vivien (Marine Environmental Research, 2019)
Artificial reefs (ARs) are deployed worldwide as they are expected to support fisheries management. While the underlying mechanisms remain widely debated, production was recently determined as the most probable cause of increases in fish biomass. Changes in fish biomass in a temperate AR system were investigated from December 2008 to November 2015 by considering seven distinct functional groups, and isotopic functional indices were used to identify how these changes may have affected organic matter (OM) fluxes. Contrasting patterns of change were observed between functional trophic groups, highlighting that combining the biomass of all species present in a community is inappropriate for assessing AR-induced effects. Benthic sedentary species predominated (>75% of the total biomass) through massive production, with a 68-fold increase in mean biomass over the study period. Mobile species tended to vary seasonally, suggesting only a slight influence of AR. Zooplanktivores biomass decreased over the 6-year period, as a possible result of changes in environmental conditions. Isotopic indices helped to reveal both the community maturation and the importance of local OM sources not only in supporting fish biomass production but also in attracting pelagic species. Our results corroborate that production and attraction are two extremes of a range of contrasting patterns and highlight the importance of considering the specific responses of functional components of fish communities to accurately describe changes in AR functioning. Functional attributes such as trophic traits, habitat use and dispersal abilities must not be overlooked as they modulate fish species responses to the deployment of man-made rocky substrates.
Keywords: Artificial reefs; Fish biomass production; Isotopic functional indices; Mediterranean sea

The Genomic Substrate for Adaptive Radiation: Copy Number Variation across 12 Tribes of African Cichlid Species - Faber-Hammond, Joshua J; Bezault, Etienne; Lunt, David H; Joyce, Domino A; Renn, Suzy C P (Genome Biology and Evolution, 2019)
The initial sequencing of five cichlid genomes revealed an accumulation of genetic variation, including extensive copy number variation in cichlid lineages particularly those that have undergone dramatic evolutionary radiation. Gene duplication has the potential to generate substantial molecular substrate for the origin of evolutionary novelty. We use array-based comparative heterologous genomic hybridization to identify copy number variation events (CNVEs) for 168 samples representing 53 cichlid species including the 5 species for which full genome sequence is available. We identify an average of 50-100 CNVEs per individual. For those species represented by multiple samples, we identify 150-200 total CNVEs suggesting a substantial amount of intraspecific variation. For these species, only ∼10% of the detected CNVEs are fixed. Hierarchical clustering of species according to CNVE data recapitulates phylogenetic relationships fairly well at both the tribe and radiation level. Although CNVEs are detected on all linkage groups, they tend to cluster in "hotspots" and are likely to contain and be flanked by transposable elements. Furthermore, we show that CNVEs impact functional categories of genes with potential roles in adaptive phenotypes that could reasonably promote divergence and speciation in the cichlid clade. These data contribute to a more complete understanding of the molecular basis for adaptive natural selection, speciation, and evolutionary radiation.
Keywords: adaptive radiation; cichlid; copy number variation; gene duplication; genomic architecture

Global biogeographical regions of freshwater fish species - Leroy, Boris; Dias, Murilo S.; Giraud, Emilien; Hugueny, Bernard; Jézéquel, Céline; Leprieur, Fabien; Oberdorff, Thierry; Pablo Tedesco (Journal of Biogeography, 2019)

Global Changes Jeopardize the Trophic Carrying Capacity and Functioning of Estuarine Ecosystems - Chevillot, X.; Tecchio, S.; Chaalali, A.; Lassalle, G.; Selleslagh, J.; Castelnaud, G.; David, V.; Guy Bachelet; Nathalie Niquil; Benoit Sautour; Lobry, J. (Ecosystems, 2019)
At the interface between terrestrial and marine biomes, estuaries display high ecological productivity and provide goods and services to humans. Associated with many ecological functions, they are nursery, refuge, and growing areas for many species fish. These ecological functions and services depend on both their ecological production and trophic carrying capacity and the durability of food web functioning. These transitional key habitats undergo both strong anthropogenic pressures and climatic influences that impact the structure and dynamics of estuarine biodiversity. In this context, we explore, here, three decades of the Gironde estuary ecosystem history to detect the food web’s response to global changes-induced effect on biodiversity. At least two Ecological Abrupt Shifts associated with deep modifications in the biodiversity at most trophic levels have been documented for this particular ecosystem. Three food web models were thus calibrated, one for each of the three periods discriminated by the two shifts that occurred at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 2000s. Results highlighted that the ecotrophic efficiency estimate for subtidal macrofauna and shrimps reached the maximum possible values during the last period. This could mean that the Gironde estuary fully reached its trophic carrying capacity due to a food limitation especially for benthos demersal fish. We also observed a significant decrease in some food web indicators (such as Average Mutual Information, System Omnivory Index, and Average Path Length) usually associated with ecosystem stress, suggesting a significant impact of global change on the Gironde estuary ecosystem health and questioning the sustainability of the ecological functions associated with this ecosystem. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Keywords: benthos; carrying capacity; demersal fish; ecosystem function; ecosystem health; food limitation; food web; France; Gironde Estuary; Global change; network analysis; trophic environment

The global geography of fish diadromy modes - Chalant, Anaïs; Jézéquel, Céline; Philippe Keith; Bernard Hugueny (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2019)
Aim: Geographical gradients in resource production are likely to translate into macroecological patterns in the biodiversity of migratory organisms, but few studies have addressed this question at a global scale. Here, we tested a hypothesis based on uncoupled latitudinal gradients in marine and freshwater primary productivities aimed at explaining where (e.g., at which latitude) and at which stage of the life cycle (larvae, amphidromy; juvenile, catadromy; or adult, anadromy) migration from ocean to freshwater occurs (diadromy). Location: Global. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Fishes. Methods: We modelled, using multinomial regressions, the proportion of catadromous, anadromous and amphidromous species in 994 river basins as a function of freshwater and marine net primary productivities (NPP; in milligrams of carbon per square metre per day) and additional biotic and abiotic variables. Using data extracted from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database, we tested whether diadromous, catadromous and amphidromous species differed with respect to the NPP of their marine and freshwater occurrences. Results: Among diadromous species, anadromous species are present in higher proportions when conditions for growth are more favourable in the sea (higher productivity, higher temperature and lower number of competitors) than in freshwaters. The model reconstructs the latitudinal pattern observed in the proportion of anadromous species, including an asymmetry between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. According to GBIF occurrences, the ratio of marine over freshwater productivity is higher for anadromous species compared with catadromous and amphidromous species. Main conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis stating that migration between ocean and freshwater occurs by choosing the biome that optimizes pre‐reproductive growth and is one more example of the importance of primary productivity in shaping large‐scale community patterns. This result suggests that some diadromous fish populations and species may suffer from anticipated climate change if interbiome productivity gradients are affected.
Keywords: amphidromy; anadromy; Biogeography; catadromy; dispersal; GBIF database; Last Glacial Maximum; latitudinal gradient; Migration; Species richness

High genetic diversity and lack of pronounced population structure in five species of sympatric Pacific eels - Gubili, Chrysoula; Robert Schabetsberger; Poellabauer, Christine; Bates, Becky; Wagstaff, Rosa M.; Woodward, Lewis M.; Sichrowsky, Ursula; Scheck, Alexander; Boseto, David T.; Eric Feunteun; Anthony Acou; Jehle, Robert (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2019)
Understanding the population structure of tropical anguillids residing in the Pacific is vital for their conservation management. Here, the population genetic structure of five sympatric freshwater eels (Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, A. megastoma Kaup, A. obscura Steindachner, A. reinhardtii Günther and A. australis Richardson) across 11 western South Pacific (WSP) islands was investigated based on partial nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA control region and the nuclear GTH2b genes of 288 newly collected samples jointly with existing sequences. WSP anguillids are characterised by overall high levels of genetic diversity. Both mtDNA and nuclear sequences provided no evidence for distinct geographic clines or barriers in any of the species across the WSP. The occurrence of admixed individuals between A. marmorata and A. megastoma was confirmed, and a new possible occurrence of a further species was revealed (A. interioris Whitley on Bougainville Island). All species showed evidence for demographic population growth in the Pleistocene, and a subsequent population reduction for A. megastoma. Common spawning grounds and mixing of larvae by ocean currents could promote the lack of pronounced isolation by distance, a finding that has significant implications for the future management of anguillids in the area.
Keywords: genetic homogeneity; hybridisation; recruitment; Spawning; Sympatry; tropical eels

High rates of apoptosis visualized in the symbiont-bearing gills of deep-sea Bathymodiolus mussels - Piquet, Bérénice; Bruce Shillito; Lallier, François H.; Duperron, Sébastien; Andersen, Ann C. (PLOS ONE, 2019)

Histological data on bone and teeth in two dragonfìshes (Stomiidae; Stomiiformes): Borostomiaspanamensis Regan & Trewavas, 1929 and Stomias boa Reinhardt 1842 - Germain, D; Schnell, NK; François J Meunier (Cybium, 2019)

Histological study of the cutaneous bony scutes in the John dory, Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 (Teleostei: Zeiformes: Zeidae) - François J Meunier; Bearez, Philippe (Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 2019)

Histone Methylation Participates in Gene Expression Control during the Early Development of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas - Fellous, Alexandre; Le Franc, Lorane; Jouaux, Aude; Goux, Didier; Pascal Favrel; Guillaume Rivière (Genes, 2019)

Histone Methylation Participates in Gene Expression Control during the Early Development of the Pacific Oyster . - Alexandre Fellous; Lefranc, Lorane; Jouaux, Aude; Goux, Didier; Pascal Favrel; Riviere, Guillaume (Genes (Basel), 2019)
Histone methylation patterns are important epigenetic regulators of mammalian development, notably through stem cell identity maintenance by chromatin remodeling and transcriptional control of pluripotency genes. But, the implications of histone marks are poorly understood in distant groups outside vertebrates and ecdysozoan models. However, the development of the Pacific oyster is under the strong epigenetic influence of DNA methylation, and histone-demethylase orthologues are highly expressed during . early life. This suggests a physiological relevance of histone methylation regulation in oyster development, raising the question of functional conservation of this epigenetic pathway in lophotrochozoan. Quantification of histone methylation using fluorescent ELISAs during oyster early life indicated significant variations in monomethyl histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me), an overall decrease in H3K9 mono- and tri-methylations, and in H3K36 methylations, respectively, whereas no significant modification could be detected in H3K27 methylation. Early in vivo treatment with the JmjC-specific inhibitor Methylstat induced hypermethylation of all the examined histone H3 lysines and developmental alterations as revealed by scanning electronic microscopy. Using microarrays, we identified 376 genes that were differentially expressed under methylstat treatment, which expression patterns could discriminate between samples as indicated by principal component analysis. Furthermore, Gene Ontology revealed that these genes were related to processes potentially important for embryonic stages such as binding, cell differentiation and development. These results suggest an important physiological significance of histone methylation in the oyster embryonic and larval life, providing, to our knowledge, the first insights into epigenetic regulation by histone methylation in lophotrochozoan development.

Ideas and perspectives: Carbon leaks from flooded land: do we need to replumb the inland water active pipe? - Gwenaël Abril; Alberto V. Borges (Biogeosciences, 2019)

Impacts des activités anthropiques sur les écosystèmes littoraux et marins : les mangroves du Parc National des Trois Baies étudiées à partir d’images LANDSAT - Joseph, C.; Franck Dolique; Saffache, P. (Les Cahiers d'Outre-Mer, 2019)

Importance of the vegetation-groundwater-stream continuum to understand transformation of biogenic carbon in aquatic systems – A case study based on a pine-maize comparison in a lowland sandy watershed (Landes de Gascogne, SW France) - Loris Deirmendjian; Pierre Anschutz; Christian Morel; Alain Mollier; Laurent Augusto; Denis Loustau; Luiz Carlos Cotovicz; Damien Buquet; Katixa Lajaunie; Gwenaëlle Chaillou; Baptiste Voltz; Céline Charbonnier; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2019)

Important readjustments in the biomass and distribution of groundfish species in the northern part of the Kerguelen Plateau and Skiff Bank. - Guy Duhamel; Clara Péron; Sinègre, Romain; Charlotte Chazeau; Nicolas Gasco; Mélyne Hautecoeur; Martin, Alexis; Durand, Isabelle; Causse, Romain (The Kerguelen Plateau: marine ecosystem and fisheries, 2019)

In vitro simulation of oscillatory redox conditions in intertidal sediments: N, Mn, Fe, and P coupling - Pierre Anschutz; Bouchet, Sylvain; Gwenaël Abril; Bridou, Romain; Tessier, Emmanuel; Amouroux, David (Continental Shelf Research, 2019)

Inter- and Intra-Specific Transcriptional and Phenotypic Responses of Pseudo-nitzschia under Different Nutrient Conditions - Lema, Kimberley A.; Metegnier, G.; Quéré, J.; Latimier, Marie; Agnès Youenou; Lambert, Christophe; Juliette Fauchot; Le Gac, Mickael; Costantini, M. (Genome Biology and Evolution, 2019)
Untangling thefunctionalbasis of divergencebetweenclosely relatedspecies is a steptowardunderstanding speciesdynamicswithin communities at both the evolutionary and ecological scales. We investigated cellular (i.e., growth, domoic acid production, and nutrient consumption) and molecular (transcriptomic analyses) responses to varying nutrient concentrations across several strains belonging to three species of the toxic diatomgenus Pseudo-nitzschia. Threemain resultswere obtained. First, strains fromthe same species displayed similar transcriptomic, but not necessarily cellular, responses to the experimental conditions. It showed the importance of considering intraspecific diversity to investigate functional divergence between species. Second, a major exception to the first findingwas a strain recently isolated fromthe natural environment and displaying contrasting gene expression patterns related to cell motility and domoic acid production. This result illustrated the profound modifications thatmay occurwhen transferring a cell fromthe natural to the in vitro environment and asks for future studies to better understand the influence of culture duration and life cycleon expression patterns. Third, transcriptomic responsesweremore similarbetween the two speciesdisplaying similar ecology in situ, irrespective of the genetic distance. This was especially true formolecular responses related to TCA cycle, photosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism. However, transcripts related to phosphate uptake were variable between species. It highlighted the importance of considering both overall genetic distance and ecological divergence to explain functional divergence between species. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.
Keywords: analogs and derivatives; Biological Evolution; comparative study; Diatom; Diatoms; Domoic acid; evolution; kainic acid; Metabolism; Multigene Family; Nutrients; Phenotype; Physiology

Intra-cohort cannibalism in early life stages of pikeperch - Tatiana Colchen; Fontaine, P.; Ledoré, Y.; Teletchea, F.; Pasquet, A. (Aquaculture Research, 2019)
Cannibalism has been described in 390 teleost fish species belonging to 104 families. In rearing conditions, intra‐cohort cannibalism is one of the major bottlenecks during the early life stages of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). This study aims to describe pre‐ cisely the occurrence and the onset of cannibalism of this species during the first two post‐hatching months. In a first step, the cannibalistic behaviour was analysed through observations in three experiments. In each experiment, the number of can‐ nibalistic cases was similar. From 14 to 48 days post-hatching (dph), more than 60 % of prey ingestions were realized by tail‐first, but after 48 dph, the number of prey ingestions by head‐first increased. In a second step, the behavioural sequence exhib‐ ited to attack and to capture a conspecific was analysed, taking into account the size ratio between the cannibal and its prey. The behavioural sequence to capture was always the same, similar to a predatory sequence and it seems that the cannibal chose its prey about 10 s before attacking. Moreover, prey choice by a cannibal was based more on the size ratio between the cannibal and its prey than the previous activity of the potential prey. These new results could lead to solutions to decrease cannibalism in pikeperch rearing.
Keywords: cannibalistic behaviour; early development; intra‐specific predation; prey selection; teleost

Islet Creation Increases Nesting Opportunities of the Pied Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta) in a Managed Salt Pan Area - Chambon, Rémi; Dugravot, Sébastien; Frédéric Ysnel; Gélinaud, Guillaume (Waterbirds, 2019)

Is It First the Egg or the Shrimp? – Diversity and Variation in Microbial Communities Colonizing Broods of the Vent Shrimp Rimicaris exoculata During Embryonic Development - Methou, Pierre; Hernández-Ávila, Ivan; Aube, Johanne; Cueff-Gauchard, Valérie; Gayet, Nicolas; Amand, Louis; Bruce Shillito; Pradillon, Florence; Cambon-Bonavita, Marie-Anne (Frontiers in Microbiology, 2019)

K092A and K092B, Two Peptides Isolated from the Dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.), with Potential Antineoplastic Activity Against Human Prostate and Breast Cancer Cells - Bosseboeuf, Adrien; Baron, Amandine; Duval, Elise; Aude Gautier; Pascal Sourdaine; Auvray, Pierrïck (Marine Drugs, 2019)

Local changes in copepod composition and diversity in two coastal systems of Western Europe - Richirt, Julien; Goberville, Eric; Ruiz-Gonzalez, Vania; Benoit Sautour (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2019)

The long time adaptation of coelacanths to moderate deep water: reviewing the evidences - Cupello, C; Clément, Gaël; François J Meunier; Herbin, Marc; Yoshikata Yabumoto; Brito, Paulo M. (Bulletin of Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History. Series A: Natural History, 2019)

Low-diversity bacterial microbiota in Southern Ocean representatives of lanternfish genera Electrona, Protomyctophum and Gymnoscopelus (family Myctophidae) - Gallet, Alison; Koubbi, Philippe; Léger, Nelly; Scheifler, Mathilde; Ruiz-Rodriguez, Magdalena; Suzuki, Marcelino T.; Desdevises, Yves; Duperron, Sébastien (PLOS ONE, 2019)

Mastiglanis durantoni from French Guyana, a second species in the genus (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae), with a CT scan survey of phylogenetically-relevant characters - Pinna de, M; Philippe Keith (Cybium, 2019)
A new species of the heptapterid genus Mastiglanis, M. durantoni, is described from three adjacent localities in the upper reaches of the Maroni River in French Guyana. The new species is distinguished from the only other known species in the genus, M. asopos, by several qualitative and quantitative characteristics, such as the slender caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle depth 4.3-5.3% of SL vs. 5.6-6.3%); the upper jaw protruding markedly beyond lower, resulting in long snout (36.5-42.0% of HL vs. 23.4-33.6%); the head depressed (head depth 34.0-44.4% of HL vs. 44.4-53.0%); the procurrent caudal fin rays 12 dorsally and ventrally (vs. 14-17); the dorsal margin of adipose fin concave (vs. variably convex, straight or gently sinusoidal); the occipital process deeply notched, distally V-shaped (vs. distal margin of occipital process variably-shaped, with notch, when present, not deep and forming an obtuse angle); the mesethmoid cornu widest at its midlength (vs. gradually narrower from base to tip). Characters of taxonomic and phylogenetic relevance are observed and illustrated with CT-scan imaging technique. The narrowly endemic and outlying geographical distribution of the new species contrasts with the extremely wide range of M. asopos and suggests a history of peripheral isolation and differentiation. In conformity with that interpretation, the new species has some autapomorphic specializations, while none is currently known for M. asopos.
Keywords: catfish; Heptapteridae; Metaspecies; Neotropical; New species; Systematics; taxonomy

Measuring sensitivity of two OSPAR indicators for a coastal food web model under offshore wind farm construction - Raoux, Aurore; Géraldine Lassalle; Pezy, Jean-Philippe; Samuele Tecchio; Safi, Georges; Ernande, Bruno; Mazé, C.; Le Loc'h, Francois; Lequesne, Justine; Girardin, Valerie; Jean-Claude Dauvin; Nathalie Niquil (Ecological Indicators, 2019)
A combination of modelling tools was applied to simulate the impacts of the future Courseulles-sur-mer offshore wind farm (OWF) construction (Bay of Seine, English Channel) on the ecosystem structure and functioning. To do so, food-web models of the ecosystem under three scenarios were constructed to investigate the effect caused by the OWF of added substrate (reef effect), fishing restriction (reserve effect), and their combined effect. Further, Ecological Network Analysis indices and Mean Trophic Level were derived to investigate their suitability for detecting changes in the ecosystem state. Our analysis suggests changes in the ecosystem structure and functioning after the OWF construction, the ecosystem maturity was predicted to increase, but no alterations in its overall resilience capacity. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: Barium compounds; Bay of Seine; coastal zone; Ecological network analysis; Ecopath with Ecosim; ecosystem function; ecosystem structure; Ecosystems; Electric utilities; English Channel; food web; France; in situ measurement; Marine environment; Marine renewable energy; measurement method; model; Offshore wind farms; Reefs; Reserve effect; sensitivity analysis; trophic level; wind farm

Microbial diversity involved in iron and cryptic sulfur cycling in the ferruginous, low-sulfate waters of Lake Pavin - Berg, Jasmine S.; Jézéquel, Didier; Duverger, Arnaud; Lamy, Dominique; Laberty-Robert, Christel; Miot, Jennyfer (PLOS ONE, 2019)

Migratory flights and local wintering movements of Greylag Geese Anser anser in western Europe - Boos, Mathieu; Nesterova, Anna P.; Chevallier, Damien; Follestad, Arne (Bird Study, 2019)

Minnow, Minnow, new and old, who is the fairest of them all: the taxonomical review of the French minnows Phoxinus spp. (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae) - Denys, Gaël; Dettai, Agnès; Persat, Henri; Hautecoeur, Mélyne; Philippe Keith (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Mitogenome Phylogeny of Thymallus (graylings) - Species delineation - Secci-Petretto, Giulia; Weiss, Steven J.; Gomes-Dos-Santos, André; Persat, Henri; Denys, Gaël P.J.; Froufe, Elsa (XVI European Congress of Ichthyology, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2 Sep - 6 Sep, 2019, 2019)
The genus Thymallus (grayling) is distributed over much of central and northern Europe, Asia and North America in generally cold lacustrine and riverine environments. Like all salmonid fishes, grayling have a tetraploid ancestry, which attracts research interest on the ongoing process of re-diploidiazation and its potential effects on lineage diversification. Grayling are also of increasing conservation concern, especially in Europe, as their habitats are the target of multiple anthropogenic pressures. Although in the past 15 years the recognized species diversity within the genus has increased, the genetic relationships among these species remain to a degree unexplored. The last comprehensive phylogeny of Thymallus was published prior the recognition of several new species and relies only on two mtDNA genes. At present, up to 18 species have been listed. Here we inferred the phylogeny of the genus Thymallus using complete newly sequenced mitogenomes, generated through NGS and non NGS-based techniques, as well as published sources. Using this mitogenome phylogeny as well as all available mtDNA sequences for several common genes, we applied several different species delineation methods to gain some insight into the genetic support for the current species spectrum. We combine these results with a brief overview of the systematic and taxonomic status of each species or lineage, and review as well what is known concerning their range and phenotypic variability. The results serve as an initial step in reviewing the taxonomy of the entire genus and will help point out the knowledge deficits that must be eliminated before a comprehensive picture of the grayling diversity throughout the world can be achieved.

Modelling the functioning of a coupled microphytobenthic-EPS-bacterial system in intertidal mudflats - Rakotomalala, C; Katell Guizien; Karine Grangeré; Sébastien Lefebvre; Christine Dupuy; Francis Orvain (Marine Environmental Research, 2019)
A mechanistic and biogeochemical model was developed to analyze the interactions between microphytobenthos (MPB), bacteria and nutrients in a tidal system. Behavioral vertical migration was hypothesized as being controlled by exogenous factors (tide and light) but also by endogenous factors (carbon and nitrogen requirements). The secretion of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) during photosynthesis (overflow metabolism) and migration of diatoms was also formulated. Similarities in MPB dynamics between observations and simulations support the assumption that carbon and nitrogen ratios are additional key processes behind the vertical migration of diatoms in the sediment. The model satisfactorily reproduced the three growth phases of the MPB development observed in a mesocosm (the lag phase, the logarithmic growth, and the plateau). Besides, nutrient availability, which could be induced by faunal bioturbation, significantly determined the extent of MPB biomass and development. The plateau phase observed in the last days of simulations appeared to be attributed to a nutrient depletion in the system, emphasizing the importance of nutrient availability. The model, although improvable especially on the formulation of the EPS excretion and bacteria development, already updated understanding of several aspects of benthic-system functioning during experimental conditions. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: Bacillariophyta; bacteria; Bacteria (microorganisms); bacterial growth; bacterium; Biogeochemical modeling; biogeochemistry; Biomass; Carbon; Carbon and nitrogen; Carbon and nitrogen ratios; Diatom; diel vertical migration; exopolymer; Experimental conditions; Extracellular polymeric substances; intertidal environment; intertidal zone; light; mesocosm; microbial community; Microphytobenthos; Migration; modeling; mudflat; Nitrogen; nonhuman; Nutrient availability; Nutrients; nutritional requirement; organic carbon; organismal interaction; Photosynthesis; Phytobenthos; Phytoplankton; polymer; Review; simulation; tide; vertical migration

Modern drought conditions in western Sahel unprecedented in the past 1600 years - Carré, Matthieu; Azzoug, Moufok; Zaharias, Paul; Camara, Abdoulaye; Cheddadi, Rachid; Chevalier, Manuel; Fiorillo, Denis; Gaye, Amadou T.; Janicot, Serge; Khodri, Myriam; Lazar, Alban; Claire E. Lazareth; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2019)
As climate model uncertainties remain very large for future rainfall in the Sahel, a multi-centennial perspective is required to assess the situation of current Sahel climate in the context of global warming. We present here the first record of hydroclimatic variability over the past 1600 years in Senegal, obtained from stable oxygen isotope analyses (δ18O) in archaeological shell middens from the Saloum Delta. During the preindustrial period, the region was relatively humid, with maximum humidity reached during the period from AD 1500 to AD 1800, referred to as the Little Ice Age. A significant negative link is observed at the centennial scale between global temperature and humidity in the Sahel that is at odds with the expected effects of latitudinal shifts of the intertropical convergence zone during the last millennium. In the context of the past 1600 years, the Western Sahel appears to be experiencing today unprecedented drought conditions. The rapid aridification that started ca. AD 1800 and the recent emergence of Sahel drought from the natural variability point to an anthropogenic forcing of Sahel drying trend. This new long-term perspective suggests that the recovery of Sahel rainfall in the last decade may only result from short-term internal variability, and supports climate models that predict an increase of Sahel drought under future greenhouse climate.

Molecular evolution and functional characterisation of insulin related peptides in molluscs: Contributions of Crassostrea gigas genomic and transcriptomic-wide screening - Maëva Cherif–Feildel; Clothilde Berthelin; Béatrice Adeline; Guillaume Rivière; Pascal Favrel; Kristell Kellner-Cousin (Journal of Comparative Endocrinology, 2019)
Insulin Related Peptides (IRPs) belong to the insulin superfamily and possess a typical structure with two chains, B and A, linked by disulphide bonds. As the sequence conservation is usually low between members, IRPs are classified according to the number and position of their disulphide bonds. In molluscan species, the first IRPs identified, named Molluscan Insulin-related Peptides (MIPs), exhibit four disulphide bonds. The genomic and transcriptomic data screening in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Mollusc, Bivalvia) allowed us to identify six IRP sequences belonging to three structural groups. Cg-MIP1 to 4 have the typical structure of MIPs with four disulphide bonds. Cg-ILP has three disulphide bonds like vertebrate Insulin-Like Peptides (ILPs). The last one, Cg-MILP7 has a significant homology with Drosophila ILP7 (DILP7) associated with two additional cysteines allowing the formation of a fourth disulphide bond. The phylogenetic analysis points out that ILPs may be the most ancestral form. Moreover, it appears that ILP7 orthologs are probably anterior to lophotrochozoa and ecdysozoa segregation. In order to investigate the diversity of physiological functions of the oyster IRPs, we combine in silico expression data, qPCR measurements and in situ hybridization. The Cg-ilp transcript, mainly detected in the digestive gland and in the gonadal area, is potentially involved in the control of digestion and gametogenesis. The expression of Cg-mip4 is mainly associated with the larval development. The Cg-mip transcript shared by the Cg-MIP1, 2 and 3, is mainly expressed in visceral ganglia but its expression was also observed in the gonads of mature males. This pattern suggested the key roles of IRPs in the control of sexual reproduction in molluscan species.

Molecular evolution and functional characterisation of insulin relatedpeptides in molluscs: Contributions of Crassostrea giga sgenomic andtranscriptomic-wide screening - Cherif Feildel Meva; Heude Berthelin Clothilde; Adeline Beatrice; Riviere Guillaume; Favrel Pascal; Kelnner Kristell (General Comparative and Endocrinology, 2019)

Morphological and histological study of the scales of the grey notothen, Lepidonotothen squamifrons (Gunther 1880) (Nototheniidae; Perciformes; Teleostei) - Lecomte, F; François J Meunier; Guy Duhamel (Cybium, 2019)

Morphological and molecular criteria allow the identification of putative germ stem cells in a lophotrochozoan, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas - Cherif Feildel Maeva; Kellner Kristell; Goux Didier; Elie Nicolas; Adeline Beatrice; Heude Berthelin Clothilde (Histochemistry and cell biology, 2019)

Morphological and molecular criteria allow the identification of putative germ stem cells in a lophotrochozoan, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas - Cherif-Feildel, Maëva; Kellner, Kristell; Goux, Didier; Elie, Nicolas; Adeline, Béatrice; Lelong, Christophe; Clothilde Berthelin (Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 2019)

Morphological traits allow distinguishing their hybrids from the Northern pike, Esox lucius, and the Aquitanian pike, Esox aquitanicus (Actinopterygii, Esociformes) - Jeanroy, Clara; Denys, Gaël (Cybium, 2019)
Le brochet aquitain Esox aquitanicus Denys, Dettai, Persat, Hautecoeur & Keith, 2014 est une espèce endémique du Sud-Ouest de la France. Il est menacé par l’hybridation avec le brochet commun Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758. Jusqu’à présent, seul l’outil moléculaire permettait la détermination des hybrides. Le but de cette étude est de trouver des caractères morphologiques pour caractériser les hybrides des deux espèces parentales à partir des trois critères distinguant l’E. aquitanicus de l’E. lucius : le patron de coloration du corps, le nombre d’écailles sur la ligne latérale et la longueur du museau. Nos résultats ont démontré que les spécimens hybrides pouvaient être discriminés d’E. lucius par un museau plus court et un plus faible nombre d’écailles sur la ligne latérale, et d’E. aquitanicus seulement par un plus grand nombre d’écailles sur la ligne latérale. Le patron de coloration du corps des deux espèces est rencontré chez les hybrides. Ainsi, le meilleur caractère pour identifier les hybrides est le nombre d’écailles sur la ligne latérale ; il est intermédiaire comparé aux espèces parentales (114 à 119 vs. 104 à 107 pour E. aquitanicus et (115)120 à 136(146) pour E. lucius). Il sera utile pour les gestionnaires en conservation du brochet aquitain. Néanmoins, les résultats de cette étude nécessitent d’être confirmés avec un plus grand échantillonnage en aquaculture.

Multi-trace-element sea surface temperature coral reconstruction for the southern Mozambique Channel reveals teleconnections with the tropical Atlantic - Zinke, J.; D'Olivo, J.P.; Gey, C.J.; McCulloch, M.T.; Henrich J Bruggemann; Lough, J.M.; Mireille M.M. Guillaume (Biogeosciences, 2019)
Here we report seasonally resolved sea surface temperatures for the southern Mozambique Channel in the SW Indian Ocean based on multi-trace-element temperature proxy records preserved in two Porites sp. coral cores. Particularly, we assess the suitability of both separate and combined Sr/Ca and Li/Mg proxies for improved multi-element SST reconstructions. Overall, geochemical records from Europa Island Porites sp. highlight the potential of Sr/Ca and Li/Mg ratios as high-resolution climate proxies but also show significant differences in their response at this Indian Ocean subtropical reef site. Our reconstruction from 1970 to 2013 using the Sr/Ca SST proxy reveals a warming trend of 0.58 ± 0.1 • C in close agreement with instrumental data (0.47 ± 0.07 • C) over the last 42 years (1970-2013). In contrast, the Li/Mg showed unrealistically large warming trends, most probably caused by uncertainties around different uptake mechanisms of the trace elements Li and Mg and uncertainties in their temperature calibration. In our study, Sr/Ca is superior to Li/Mg to quantify absolute SST and relative changes in SST. However, spatial correlations between the combined detrended Sr/Ca and Li/Mg proxies compared to instrumental SST at Europa revealed robust correlations with local climate variability in the Mozambique Channel and teleconnections to regions in the Indian Ocean and southeastern Pacific where surface wind variability appeared to dominate the underlying pattern of SST variability. The strongest correlation was found between our Europa SST reconstruction and instrumental SST records from the northern tropical Atlantic. Only a weak correlation was found with ENSO, with recent warm anomalies in the geochemical proxies coinciding with strong El Niño or La Niña. We identified the Pacific-North American (PNA) atmospheric pattern , which develops in the Pacific in response to ENSO, and the tropical North Atlantic SST as the most likely causes of the observed teleconnections with the Mozambique Channel SST at Europa.
Keywords: Anthozoa; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean (North); Atlantic Ocean (Tropical); climate variation; coral; El Nino; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; Europa Island; Indian Ocean; La Nina; Mascarene Islands; Mozambique Channel; Pacific Ocean; Pacific Ocean (Southeast); Porites; proxy climate record; reconstruction; Reunion; sea surface temperature; subtropical region; surface wind; teleconnection; trace element

Neuroanatomy of a hydrothermal vent shrimp provides insights into the evolution of crustacean integrative brain centers - Machon, Julia; Krieger, Jakob; Meth, Rebecca; Magali Zbinden; Juliette Ravaux; Montagné, Nicolas; Chertemps, Thomas; Harzsch, Steffen (eLife, 2019)
Alvinocaridid shrimps are emblematic representatives of the deep hydrothermal vent fauna at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. They are adapted to a mostly aphotic habitat with extreme physicochemical conditions in the vicinity of the hydrothermal fluid emissions. Here, we investigated the brain architecture of the vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata to understand possible adaptations of its nervous system to the hydrothermal sensory landscape. Its brain is modified from the crustacean brain ground pattern by featuring relatively small visual and olfactory neuropils that contrast with well-developed higher integrative centers, the hemiellipsoid bodies. We propose that these structures in vent shrimps may fulfill functions in addition to higher order sensory processing and suggest a role in place memory. Our study promotes vent shrimps as fascinating models to gain insights into sensory adaptations to peculiar environmental conditions, and the evolutionary transformation of specific brain areas in Crustacea.

Neuromuscular structure of the larva to early ancestrula stages of the cyclostome bryozoan Crisia eburnea - Nielsen, Claus; Bekkouche, Nicolas Tarik; Worsaae, Katrine (Acta Zoologica, 2019)

A new species of Sicyopus (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from New Britain (Papua New Guinea) - Philippe Keith; Pita Amick; Toko P.; Clara Lord (Cybium, 2019)
A new species of Sicyopus, a sicydiine goby, is described from specimens collected in streams of New Britain (Papua New Guinea). It differs from other species of this amphidromous genus by a combination of characters including a second dorsal fin with one spine and ten segmented rays, fewer scales in lateral series and transverse back series, and smaller predorsal and caudal peduncle lengths.
Keywords: Freshwater; Gobiidae; New Britain; New species; Papua New Guinea; Sicyopus

A new type of plankton food web functioning in coastal waters revealed by coupling Monte Carlo Markov chain linear inverse method and ecological network analysis - Meddeb, M.; Nathalie Niquil; Grami, B.; Mejri, K.; Haraldsson, M.; Chaalali, A.; Pringault, O.; Hlaili, A.S. (Ecological Indicators, 2019)
Plankton food webs (PFW) typology is based on different categories of functioning, according to the dominant processes and the role played by heterotrophic bacteria, small vs large phytoplankton, and small vs large zooplankton. Investigating the structure and the function of planktonic food webs in two SW Mediterranean waters (inshore and marine sites) at four seasons, using inverse (LIM-MCMC) and ecological network (ENA) analyses, we identified a new type of food web, called the “bacterial multivorous food web”. This food web adds to the conventional trophic continuum as previously reported. The “bacterial multivorous food web” present in winter showed the lowest primary production among seasons, but highest bacterial production. Several food web ratios characterized this new typology e.g. picophytoplankton net primary production to total primary production varied from 0.20 to 0.28; bacterial to primary production ratio is higher than values reported in global scale (≅1); bacterial net production to the potential protozoan prey net production was high (>0.2). In this special food web, carbon was mostly recycled, with a moderate fraction channeled to deep waters, which lead to a higher retention of carbon inside the ecosystem. This winter PFW also seemed to be the most organized, specialized, stable and mature, as related to common interpretations of ENA. The spring was characterized by herbivorous food web, with highest activity coinciding with low stability. Although less usual, the herbivorous pathway was also observed during summer, in inshore waters. The autumn food webs, which functioned as multivorous or microbial food webs, appeared to be stable and mature. Finally, our study demonstrates the usefulness of food web models derived ratios combined with ecological network analysis indices to conduct evaluation of the structure and functioning of ecosystems and potentially to support management decisions in marine environment. © 2019
Keywords: Bacteria (microorganisms); bacterium; Carbon; Chemical contamination; coastal water; Coastal waters; ecological modeling; Ecology; ecosystem function; Ecosystems; Electric network analysis; Food microbiology; food web; Food web model; Food webs; inverse analysis; Inverse problems; Markov chain; Markov processes; Mediterranean sea; Monte Carlo analysis; Monte Carlo methods; net primary production; network analysis; Phytoplankton; picoplankton; Plankton; Protozoa; protozoan; Seasonal variation; trophic status; Trophic structure

Partie 2 - Méthodologie - Beaudouin, Cédric; Blaise, Claire; Goberville, Eric; Christophe Luczak; Pischiutta, Rudy (Les oiseaux nicheurs du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais, 2019)
Six années d'enquête de terrain mobilisant les ornithologues du nord de la France, adhérents du Groupe ornithologique et naturaliste du Nord - Pas-de-Calais et partenaires de l'association, ont été nécessaires pour réaliser cet ouvrage naturaliste de référence. Les + de cet ouvrage : Toutes les espèces d'oiseaux nicheurs réguliers, occasionnels et exceptionnels dans le Nord et le Pas-de-Calais sont présentées, sois 200 espèces ; La synthèse des connaissances ornithologiques relatives aux oiseaux nicheurs du nord de la France : effectifs, répartition et évolution des populations au cours du demi-siècle écoulé ; Une somme d'informations inédites issues de la compilation de plus de 230 000 données ; Un état des menaces pesant sur l'avifaune du Nord — Pas-de-Calais ; Un atlas illustré de plus de 380 photos de terrain.

Partitioning of food resources among three sympatric scorpionfish (Scorpaeniformes) in coastal waters of the northern Yellow Sea - Wu, Zhongxin; Zhang, Xiumei; Charlotte R. Dromard; Tweedley, James R.; Loneragan, Neil R. (Hydrobiologia, 2019)

Patterns of at-sea behaviour at a hybrid zone between two threatened seabirds - Austin, Rhiannon E.; Wynn, Russell B.; Votier, Stephen C.; Trueman, Clive; McMinn, Miguel; Rodríguez, Ana; Suberg, Lavinia; Maurice, Louise; Newton, Jason; Genovart, Meritxell; Clara Péron; Grémillet, David; et al. (Scientific Reports, 2019)

The phylogenetic origin and evolution of acellular bone in teleost fishes: insights into osteocyte function in bone metabolism - Davesne, Donald; François J Meunier; Schmitt, Armin D.; Friedman, Matt; Otero, Olga; Benson, Roger B. J. (Biological Reviews, 2019)
ABSTRACT Vertebrate bone is composed of three main cell types: osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes, the latter being by far the most numerous. Osteocytes are thought to play a fundamental role in bone physiology and homeostasis, however they are entirely absent in most extant species of teleosts, a group that comprises the vast majority of bony ‘fishes’, and approximately half of vertebrates. Understanding how this acellular (anosteocytic) bone appeared and was maintained in such an important vertebrate group has important implications for our understanding of the function and evolution of osteocytes. Nevertheless, although it is clear that cellular bone is ancestral for teleosts, it has not been clear in which specific subgroup the osteocytes were lost. This review aims to clarify the phylogenetic distribution of cellular and acellular bone in teleosts, to identify its precise origin, reversals to cellularity, and their implications. We surveyed the bone type for more than 600 fossil and extant ray-finned fish species and optimised the results on recent large-scale molecular phylogenetic trees, estimating ancestral states. We find that acellular bone is a probable synapomorphy of Euteleostei, a group uniting approximately two-thirds of teleost species. We also confirm homoplasy in these traits: acellular bone occurs in some non-euteleosts (although rarely), and cellular bone was reacquired several times independently within euteleosts, in salmons and relatives, tunas and the opah (Lampris sp.). The occurrence of peculiar ecological (e.g. anadromous migration) and physiological (e.g. red-muscle endothermy) strategies in these lineages might explain the reacquisition of osteocytes. Our review supports that the main contribution of osteocytes in teleost bone is to mineral homeostasis (via osteocytic osteolysis) and not to strain detection or bone remodelling, helping to clarify their role in bone physiology.
Keywords: acellular bone; Actinopterygii; ancestral state reconstruction; anosteocytic bone; bone remodelling; endothermy; osteocyte; Salmoniformes; Scombridae; teleostei

Phylogéographie de Neritina stumpffi Boettger, 1890 et Neritina canalis Sowerby, 1825 (Gastropoda, Cycloneritida, Neritidae) - Ahmed Abdou; Clara Lord; Philippe Keith; René Galzin (Zoosystema, 2019)
The population genetic structure of Neritina stumpffi Boettger, 1890 in the Indo-Pacific and Neritina canalis Sowerby, 1825 in the Pacific Ocean were investigated using a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. The haplotype network of N. stumpffi showed a genetic structuration between the two oceans, with shared haplotypes. Concerning N. canalis, western Pacific and central Pacific populations are genetically structured, without shared haplotypes. The Coral Triangle appears to have played a filtering barrier role for N. stumpffi, whose presence in both oceans could be explained by the flow of the south-equatorial current. A barrier to the dispersal of N. canalis between the western and the central Pacific may also exist.
Keywords: COI gene; Indian Ocean; larval dispersion; Pacific Ocean; Phylogeography

Population recovery changes population composition at a major southern Caribbean juvenile developmental habitat for the green turtle, Chelonia mydasAbstract - van der Zee, Jurjan P.; Christianen, Marjolijn J. A.; Nava, Mabel; Velez-Zuazo, Ximena; Hao, Wensi; Bérubé, Martine; van Lavieren, Hanneke; Hiwat, Michael; Berzins, Rachel; Chevalier, Johan; Chevallier, Damien; Lankester, Marie-Clélia; et al. (Scientific Reports, 2019)

A Potential Antineoplastic Peptide of Human Prostate Cancer Cells Derived from the Lesser Spotted Dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.) - Bosseboeuf, Adrien; Baron, Amandine; Duval, Elise; Aude Gautier; Pascal Sourdaine; Auvray, Pierrïck (Marine Drugs, 2019)

Prediction of unprecedented biological shifts in the global ocean - Grégory Beaugrand; Alessandra Conversi; Angus Atkinson; Jim E. Cloern; Sanae Chiba; Serena Fonda-Umani; Richard R Kirby; Greene, C. H.; Goberville, Eric; Otto, S. A.; Philip Chris Reid; Stemmann, L.; et al. (Nature Climate Change, 2019)
Impermanence is an ecological principle1 but there are times when changes occur nonlinearly as abrupt community shifts (ACSs) that transform the ecosystem state and the goods and services it provides2. Here, we present a model based on niche theory3 to explain and predict ACSs at the global scale. We test our model using 14 multi-decadal time series of marine metazoans from zooplankton to fish, spanning all latitudes and the shelf to the open ocean. Predicted and observed fluctuations correspond, with both identifying ACSs at the end of the 1980s4,5,6,7 and 1990s5,8. We show that these ACSs coincide with changes in climate that alter local thermal regimes, which in turn interact with the thermal niche of species to trigger long-term and sometimes abrupt shifts at the community level. A large-scale ACS is predicted after 2014—unprecedented in magnitude and extent—coinciding with a strong El Niño event and major shifts in Northern Hemisphere climate. Our results underline the sensitivity of the Arctic Ocean, where unprecedented melting may reorganize biological communities5,9, and suggest an increase in the size and consequences of ACS events in a warming world.

Preliminary note on the morphological characters of penja (amphidromous goby postlarvae) in West Sulawesi and Gorontalo Bay - Nurjirana; Haris, A; Sahami, F M; Philippe Keith; Burhanuddin, A I (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019)
Penjais the local name for the postlarvae of fish belonging to the Gobioidei, whose appearance at certain times is an amphidromous migration process from the sea to rivers. This group of fish is generally referred to as amphidromous gobies. This study aimed toreveal some facts related to the species diversity of penja based on morphological characteristics. The study was conducted from October 2017 to March 2019 in West Sulawesi and Gorontalo Bay, Indonesia. Amphidromous goby samples at the penja(postlarval) stage were obtained from fishermen's catches and from traditional markets in each location. The samples obtained were measured and described based on morphological differences. The total length of the sampled penja ranged from 18 mm to 58 mm. All penja were identified as belonging to one of two families, the Gobiidae and Eleotridae. Although the species obtained from the waters of West Sulawesi and Gorontalo Bay were similar, there were variations in species composition (relative abundance) based on observed morphology of penja postlarvae from these two locations.

Protein expression profiles in Bathymodiolus azoricus exposed to cadmium - Company, Rui; Antúnez, Oreto; Cosson, Richard P.; Serafim, Angela; Bruce Shillito; Cajaraville, Miren; Bebianno, Maria João; Torreblanca, Amparo (Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019)

Raman investigation of the pigment families in recent and fossil brachiopod shells - Gaspard, D; Paris, C; Loubry, P; Gilles Luquet (Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2019)
Shells of the three subphyla of extant and extinct representatives of the phylum Brachiopoda display coloured patterns with diverse shapes and at different degrees. These colourations are readily visible in natural light but are best revealed under UV light for the fossils concerned. To identify these pigments, Raman spectroscopy has been used for the first time on brachiopod shells. The widespread identified pigments belong to the carotenoid family, best represented in all the animal kingdom, the second one concerns themelanin/melanin-like pigments and, surprisingly, additional molecules of the cytochrome family are revealed for the first time in one of the brachiopod shells studied. The putative functions of shell pigmentation, still under debate, are discussed.
Keywords: Fossils Pigments; Raman spectroscopy; Recent brachiopods; Shell patterns; UV light

Reproductive biology of a small amphidromous shrimp Atyoida serrata on Reunion Island, south-west Indian Ocean - Hoarau, Pierre E; Courtecuisse, Emilie; Treilhes, Camille RM; Lagarde, Raphaël; Teichert, Nils; Valade, Pierre B (Limnologica, 2019)

Resurrection of Caridina natalensis De Man, 1908 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in the South Western Indian Ocean - de Mazancourt, Valentin; Mlambo, MC; Castelin, Magalie; Renneville, C; Marquet, Gérard; Philippe Keith (Zootaxa, 2019)
Numerous specimens of a freshwater shrimp with small eggs belonging to the Caridina nilotica complex collected in the South Western Indian Ocean were studied and compared with recent and old collection specimens genetically (16S mito-chondrial analysis for recent and type specimens) and morphologically. The results revealed that, in the Indian Ocean, what has been identified by several authors under various species names of the complex C. nilotica, was in fact C. natal-ensis De Man, 1908. This valid species is re-described and compared with closely related species, often confused with it in this area: C. brachydactyla De Man, 1908, C. brevidactyla Roux, 1920, C. gracilipes De Man, 1892 and C. longirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837.
Keywords: 16S; Caridina; Comoros; Integrative taxonomy; Madagascar; Mayotte; morphology; Seychelles; South Africa

Revision of freshwater shrimps belonging to Caridina weberi complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from Polynesia with discussion on their biogeography - de Mazancourt, Valentin; Marquet, Gérard; Philippe Keith (Journal of Natural History, 2019)
Caridina weberi, an emblematic species of the ‘C. weberi complex’, was described by De Man in 1892 from different localities in Indonesia. Until now, this species was thought to have a wide distribution in Polynesia. Numerous specimens identified as C. weberi were collected recently from various Polynesian islands. In the context of integrative taxonomy, they were morphologically and genetically studied. Three new species allied to C. weberi are here described: C. marquesensis n. sp., C. futunensis n. sp. and C. tupaia n. sp. The occurrence of C. rapaensis, another species part of the ‘C. weberi’ complex is confirmed. Descriptions or redescription of these species are given as well as their geographical and ecological distributions. The position of these species in the complex is clarified. A key is provided to facilitate identification.
Keywords: 16S; freshwater shrimp; genetic; Integrative taxonomy; morphology

Revisiting species boundaries and distribution ranges of Nemacheilus spp. (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) and Rasbora spp. (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Java, Bali and Lombok through DNA barcodes: implications for conservation in a biodiversity hotspot - Hubert, Nicolas; Lumbantobing, Daniel; Sholihah, Arni; Dahruddin, Hadi; Delrieu-Trottin, Erwan; Busson, Frederic; Sauri, Sopian; Hadiaty, Renny; Philippe Keith (Conservation Genetics, 2019)
Biodiversity hotspots have provided useful geographic proxies for conservation efforts. Delineated from a few groups of animals and plants, biodiversity hotspots do not reflect the conservation status of freshwater fishes. With hundreds of new species described on a yearly basis, fishes constitute the most poorly known group of vertebrates. This situation urges for an acceleration of the fish species inventory through fast and reliable molecular tools such as DNA barcoding. The present study focuses on the freshwater fishes diversity in the Sundaland biodiversity hotspot in Southeast Asia. Recent studies evidenced large taxonomic gaps as well as unexpectedly high levels of cryptic diversity, particularly so in the islands of Java and Bali. The Cypriniformes genera Rasbora and Nemacheilus account for most of the endemic species in Java and Bali, however their taxonomy is plagued by confusion about species identity and distribution. This study examines the taxonomic status of the Rasbora and Nemacheilus species in Java, Bali and Lombok islands through DNA barcodes, with the objective to resolve taxonomic confusion and identify trends in genetic diversity that can be further used for conservation matters. Several species delimitation methods based on DNA sequences were used and confirmed the status of most species, however several cases of taxonomic confusion and two new taxa are detected. Mitochondrial sequences argue that most species range distributions currently reported in the literature are inflated due to erroneous population assignments to the species level, and further highlight the sensitive conservation status of most Rasbora and Nemacheilus species on the islands of Java, Bali and Lombok.
Keywords: Conservation genetics; Cryptic diversity; Population fragmentation; Southeast Asia; taxonomy

Seasonal oxygen isotope variations in freshwater bivalve shells as recorders of Amazonian rivers hydrogeochemistry - Gaillard, Blandine; Claire E. Lazareth; Lestrelin, Hugo; Dufour, Elise; Santos, Roberto V.; Carlos E.C. Freitas; Marc Pouilly (Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 2019)
Freshwater bivalve shell oxygen isotope values (δ18OS) may act as a recorder of river δ18O variations that can then be interpreted in terms of hydrology (e.g. precipitation–evaporation balance, precipitation and river discharge patterns). We investigated the potential of this proxy measured across the hinge of South American unionid shells: Anodontites elongatus collected in Peru and A. trapesialis in Brazil. The isotopic signatures were reproducible between individuals of the same species. A. trapesialis clearly showed a strong δ18OS cyclicity in accordance with its growth patterns while A. elongatus presented less clear δ18OS with lower amplitude. We confirm that the deposition of successive growth lines and increments is annual, with growth line corresponding to the wet season. Also, we suggest that low amplitude of δ18OS in the A. elongatus shells indicates a habitat close to the river while large amplitude of δ18OS cycles observed in A. trapesialis shells would reflect a floodplain lake habitat, seasonally disconnected from the river and thus subjected to higher seasonal fluctuations in water δ18O. Considering these promising first results, future studies could be directed towards the use of fossil shells to reconstruct the past and present hydrological and geochemical conditions of the Amazon.
Keywords: Amazon basin; freshwater bivalve shells; hydroclimate; isotope ecology; isotope hydrology; oxygen isotopes

Shark bycatch observed in the bottom longline fishery off the Kerguelen islands in 2006-2016, with a focus on Etmopterus viator - Charlotte Chazeau; S.P. Iglésias; Clara Péron; Nicolas Gasco; Martin, Alexis; Guy Duhamel (Second Symposium on the Kerguelen Plateau, 2019)

Shedding light on the migratory patterns of the Amazonian goliath catfish, Brachyplatystoma platynemum, using otolith 87Sr/86Sr analyses - Hauser, Marilia; Doria, Carolina RC; Santos, Roberto V; García-Vasquez, Aurea; Marc Pouilly; Pecheyran, Christophe; Ponzevera, Emmanuel; Torrente-Vilara, Gislene; Bérail, Sylvain; Panfili, Jacques; others (Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 2019)

Shedding light on the migratory patterns of the Amazonian goliath catfish, Brachyplatystoma platynemum , using otolith 87 Sr/ 86 Sr analyses - Hauser, Marilia; Doria, Carolina R.C.; Santos, Roberto V.; García‐Vasquez, Aurea; Marc Pouilly; Pecheyran, Christophe; Ponzevera, Emmanuel; Torrente‐Vilara, Gislene; Bérail, Sylvain; Panfili, Jacques; Darnaude, Audrey; Renno, Jean‐François; et al. (Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 2019)

Short-term changes in the quality of suspended particulate matter in a human impacted and mangrove dominated tropical estuary (Can Gio, Vietnam) - Frank David; Cyril Marchand; Najet Thiney; Tran-thi, N; Tarik Meziane (Continental Shelf Research, 2019)
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) is a key component of coastal food webs and a key variable of nutrient budgets. Understanding its variability across short time scales in estuaries may help ecologists understand seasonal and diurnal migration of estuarine organisms, and answer how their nutritional requirements are fulfilled. It may also inform biogeochemists regarding the factors that influence import and export of nutrients between terrestrial and coastal ecosystems. This study aimed to link the dynamics of fatty acids, stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and C/N ratios of SPM, revealing organic matter quality, to rapidly varying factors (SPM concentration, salinity and presence of daylight) and comparing this variability to the seasonal variation induced by the alternation of dry and wet seasons in the studied region. Our results revealed that these rapidly varying factors had a strong influence on the bacterial and the phytoplanktonic compartments of SPM. They suggest that tidally resuspended particles are the site of intense heterotrophic activity and that estuarine phytoplankton store lipids during the daytime up to substantially modifying SPM quality. Our study also shows higher freshness of SPM during the wet season. We expect this study to raise the interest of both biologists and biogeochemists to introduce daily variability of SPM in food webs and nutrient budgets modelling.

The skeleton and the mineralized tissues of the living coelacanths - François J Meunier; Cupello, C; Clément, Gaël (Bulletin of Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History. Series A: Natural History, 2019)

The skeleton and the mineralized tissues of the living coelacanths - François J Meunier; Cupello, C; Clément, Gaël (Bulletin of Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History. Series A: Natural History, 2019)

Sources and sinks of dissolved inorganic carbon in an urban tropical coastal bay revealed by δ13C-DIC signals - L.C. CotoviczJr; Knoppers, Bastiaan A; Deirmendjian, Loris; Gwenaël Abril (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2019)

Species splitting increases estimates of evolutionary history at risk - Robuchon, Marine; Faith, Daniel P.; Julliard, Romain; Leroy, Boris; Pellens, Roseli; Robert, Alexandre; Thévenin, Charles; Véron, Simon; Pavoine, Sandrine (Biological Conservation, 2019)

Spontaneous recovery of functional diversity and rarity of ground-living spiders shed light on the conservation importance of recent woodlands - Morel, Loïs; Dujol, Benoît; Courtial, Cyril; Vasseur, Manon; Leroy, Boris; Frédéric Ysnel (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2019)

Teeth of extant Polypteridae and Amiidae have plicidentine organization - Germain, D; François J Meunier (Acta Zoologica, 2019)
Abstract The study of teeth of the lower jaws of Amia calva and Polypterus senegalus, with non -destructive X-ray tomography, has revealed that there are dentine folds in the tooth pulp cavity in both species. These folds are simple and present only in the base of the pulp cavity where they strengthen the fixation of teeth on the jaw. So the teeth of these two basal actinopterygian taxa have a simplexodont type of plicidentine like the extinct †Cheirolepis and various extant teleostean predators, whereas the extant Lepisosteids, the sister group of Amiidae, have polyplocodont plicidentine. The phylogenetic/adaptive significance of this simplexodont plicidentine is discussed.
Keywords: 3D tomography; Amia; plicidentine; Polypterus; tooth; virtual histology

Temperature patterns and mechanisms influencing coral bleaching during the 2016 El Niño - McClanahan, T.R.; Darling, E.S.; Maina, J.M.; Muthiga, N.A.; D’agata, S.; Jupiter, S.D.; Arthur, R.; Wilson, S.K.; Mangubhai, S.; Nand, Y.; Ussi, A.M.; Humphries, A.T.; et al. (Nature Climate Change, 2019)
Under extreme heat stress, corals expel their symbiotic algae and colour (that is, ‘bleaching’), which often leads to widespread mortality. Predicting the large-scale environmental conditions that reinforce or mitigate coral bleaching remains unresolved and limits strategic conservation actions1,2. Here we assessed coral bleaching at 226 sites and 26 environmental variables that represent different mechanisms of stress responses from East Africa to Fiji through a coordinated effort to evaluate the coral response to the 2014–2016 El Niño/Southern Oscillation thermal anomaly. We applied common time-series methods to study the temporal patterning of acute thermal stress and evaluated the effectiveness of conventional and new sea surface temperature metrics and mechanisms in predicting bleaching severity. The best models indicated the importance of peak hot temperatures, the duration of cool temperatures and temperature bimodality, which explained 50% of the variance, compared to the common degree-heating week temperature index that explained only 9%. Our findings suggest that the threshold concept as a mechanism to explain bleaching alone was not as powerful as the multidimensional interactions of stresses, which include the duration and temporal patterning of hot and cold temperature extremes relative to average local conditions. © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
Keywords: Algae; Anthozoa

Testing methods in species distribution modelling using virtual species: what have we learnt and what are we missing? - Meynard, Christine N.; Leroy, Boris; Kaplan, David M. (Ecography, 2019)

A third European species of grayling (Actinopterygii, Salmonidae), endemic to the Loire River basin (France), Thymallus ligericus n. sp. - Persat, Henri; Weiss, Steven J.; Froufe, Elsa; Secci-Petretto, Giulia; Denys, Gaël (Cybium, 2019)
Loire grayling was already known to belong to a distinct lineage, compared to other European population, according to molecular data (enzymatic polymorphism, mtDNA sequencing and microsatellites). In this paper, we consider this lineage as a new species, Thymallus ligericus n. sp., which is endemic to the Loire drainage (France). Compared with the other species, T. ligericus n. sp. is characterized by a more elongated body, the presence of a pointed snout and a strait or convex snout profile, a more inferior mouth with a transversal aperture and a fleshier upper lip, usually more than 50 to several hundreds black dots on the flanks, a shorter head (20.0-23.7% SL), smaller occipital and orbital depths of the head (54.8-71.7% HL and 43.5-53.4% HL, respectively) and a shorter horizontal eye diameter (22.6-26.3% HL).

Threatened fish: Lentipes rubrofasciatus Maugé, Marquet and Laboute, 1992 (Gobiidae) - Philippe Keith; Marion Mennesson (Cybium, 2019)

Three-dimensional structural evolution of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis shell from embryo to adult stages - Le Pabic, Charles; Derr, Julien; Luquet, Gilles; Pascal Jean Lopez; Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli (Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2019)

Tissue-Specific Biomarker Responses in the Blue Mussel Mytilus spp. Exposed to a Mixture of Microplastics at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations - Revel, Messika; Lagarde, Fabienne; Perrein-Ettajani, Hanane; Bruneau, Mélanie; Akcha, Farida; Sussarellu, Rossana; Rouxel, Julien; Katherine Costil; Decottignies, Priscilla; Cognie, Bruno; Châtel, Amélie; Mouneyrac, Catherine (Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2019)
The impact of a microplastic (MP) mixture composed of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) plastic particles, prepared from commercially available products, was evaluated in blue mussels Mytilus spp. exposed to three environmentally relevant concentrations: 0.008 μg L−1 (low), 10 μg L−1 (medium), and 100 μg L−1 (high). Organisms were exposed for 10 days followed by 10 days of depuration in clean seawater under controlled laboratory conditions. The evaluation of MP effects on mussel clearance rate, tissue structure, antioxidant defenses, immune and digestive parameters, and DNA integrity were investigated while the identification of plastic particles in mussel tissues (gills, digestive gland, and remaining tissues), and biodeposits (feces and pseudofaeces) was performed using infrared microscopy (μFT-IR). Results showed the presence of MPs only in the digestive gland of mussels exposed to the highest tested concentration of MPs with a mean of 0.75 particle/mussel (after the 10 days of exposure). In biodeposits, PE and PP particles were detected following exposure to all tested concentrations confirming the ingestion of MPs by the organisms. A differential response of antioxidant enzyme activities between digestive gland and gills was observed. Significant increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in the digestive gland of mussels exposed to the low (0.008 μg L−1) and medium (10 μg L−1) concentrations ofMPs and in the gills frommussels exposed to the highest concentration (100 μg L−1) of MPs that could be indicative of a change in the redox balance. Moreover, an increase in acid phosphatase activity was measured in hemolymph of mussels exposed to 0.008 and 10 μg L−1 concentrations. No significant difference was observed in the clearance rate, and histopathological parameters between control and exposed mussels. This study brings new insights on the potential sublethal impacts of MPs at environmentally relevant concentrations in marine bivalves.
Keywords: biomarkers; microplastics; Mytilus; oxidative stress; polyethylene; polypropylene

Towards coherent GES assessments at sub-regional level: Signs of fisheries expansion processes in the Bay of Biscay using an OSPAR food web indicator, the mean trophic level - Arroyo, N.-L.; Safi, Georges; Vouriot, P.; López-López, L.; Nathalie Niquil; Le Loc'h, Francois; Hattab, Tarek; Preciado, I; Coll, M. (ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2019)
Using the Bay of Biscay (BoB) as a case study, we conducted a transnational assessment of the mean trophic level (MTL, Ospar FW4) indicator at sub-regional level, over the last three decades. Our results confirm the apparent recovery of BoB's bentho-demersal system, as shown by trends in the MTL indicator based on survey data. However, they also point at a concomitant "fishing through" process where the apparent stability revealed by the MTL indicator based on landed catch data may be masking the expansion of demersal fisheries to deeper waters, and an over-exploitation of resources (particularly abundant pelagic species). Moreover, they show how the combined examination of independent surveys and fishery landings allows the identification of ecological trends in ecosystem studies. In addition, our results confirm that analysing MTL at various threshold levels helps discerning the causality of trends in this indicator, especially if analyses for pelagic and demersal species are run independently. Further studies, at smaller (i.e. local) spatial scales, need to be conducted to ascertain our results and suggest appropriate management strategies aimed at regulating fisheries expansions in the area. © 2019 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 2019. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Atlantic Ocean; Bay of Biscay; catch statistics; demersal fishery; food web; pelagic fishery; range expansion; trophic level; trophic status

The transformation of macrophyte-derived organic matter to methane relates to plant water and nutrient contents - Charlotte Grasset; Gwenaël Abril; Raquel Mendonça; Fabio Roland; Sebastian Sobek (Limnology and Oceanography, 2019)

Trophic importance of microphytobenthos and bacteria to meiofauna in soft-bottom intertidal habitats: A combined trophic marker approach - van der Heijden, L.H.; Graeve, M.; R. Asmus; Rzeznik-Orignac, J.; Nathalie Niquil; Bernier, Q.; Guillou, G.; H Asmus; Lebreton, B. (Marine Environmental Research, 2019)
Meiofauna can play an important role in the carbon fluxes of soft-bottom coastal habitats. Investigation of their feeding behavior and trophic position remains challenging due to their small size. In this study, we determine and compare the food sources used by nematodes and benthic copepods by using stable isotope compositions, fatty acid profiles and compound specific isotope analyses of fatty acids in the mudflats, seagrass beds and a sandflat of the Marennes-Oléron Bay, France, and the Sylt-Rømø Bight, Germany. Suspended particulate organic matter was much more 13C-depleted than other food sources and meiofauna, highlighting its poor role in the different studied habitats. The very low proportions of vascular plant fatty acid markers in meiofauna demonstrated that these consumers did not rely on this food source, either fresh or detrital, even in seagrass beds. The combined use of stable isotopes and fatty acids emphasized microphytobenthos and benthic bacteria as the major food sources of nematodes and benthic copepods. Compound specific analyses of a bacteria marker confirmed that bacteria mostly used microphytobenthos as a substrate. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: Article; Bacillariophyta; bacteria; bacterium; Benthic copepods; Benthic diatoms; Biological materials; biomarker; Biomass; carbon 13; coastal zone; controlled study; Copepoda; delta carbon 13; delta nitrogen 15; Diatom; Ecosystems; fatty acids; Feeding Behavior; food supply; France; Free livings; Freeze Drying; Frisian Islands; Germany; high performance liquid chromatography; intertidal environment; isotope analysis; Isotopes; lipid composition; Marennes-Oleron Bay; Meiofauna; microbial activity; Microphytobenthos; mudflat; Mudflats; Nematoda; nitrogen 15; nonhuman; North Frisian Islands; Nouvelle-Aquitaine; Organic matter; Phytobenthos; Plants (botany); Sandflats; seagrass; Seagrass beds; Sediment; soft-bottom environment; species habitat; substrate; suspended particulate organic matter; Sylt-Romo Bight; trophic environment; Trophic markers; Trophic structure; unclassified drug

Trophic relationships and basal resource utilisation in the Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve (Southern Vietnam) - Frank David; Cyril Marchand; Nguyen, Thanh-Nho; Pierre Taillardat; Tarik Meziane (Journal of Sea Research, 2019)
Abstract Fatty acid biomarkers and dual stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) were used to identify the preferred food sources of consumers in a mangrove tidal creek and nearby unforested (mud bank) and forested areas located in the Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve (Southern Vietnam). We analysed 15 macro-invertebrates and 1 fish species representing primary consumers and their immediate predators in this area. Specific groups of fatty acids were used to trace the fate of various food sources (i.e., suspended particulate organic matter, mangrove litter and sedimentary organic matter). The δ13C and δ15N of consumers ranged from −26.9 to −18.8‰ and from 1.1 to 9.9‰, respectively. The trophic pathway based on mangrove litter, characteristic of mangrove ecosystems, is nutritionally sustaining various crab and snail species. In contrast, it appears that the most mobile species (fish and shrimps), living in the water column and possibly migrating with tides, are mostly feeding on suspended particulate organic matter, suggesting that this trophic pathway is of great importance for connectivity among tropical coastal ecosystems. Our study suggests that snails and crabs mainly act as mineralisers, processing high quantities of detrital material to meet their nutritional needs and thus releasing nutrients through the production of faeces, that are further mineralised by microorganisms, while locally grown phytoplankton reintegrates these compounds into its biomass and feeds migrating species. We highlight here a possible link between mangrove litter and coastal food webs.

Une nouvelle espèce de poisson en Bourgogne-Franche-Comté : le goujon occitan (Gobio occitaniae) - Denys, Gaël; Besson, Sylvain (Revue scientifique Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Nature, 2019)

Vitamine ENA: A framework for the development of ecosystem-based indicators for decision makers - Safi, Georges; Giebels, D.; Arroyo, N.-L.; Heymans, J.J.; Preciado, I; Raoux, Aurore; Schückel, U.; Samuele Tecchio; de Jonge, V.N.; Nathalie Niquil (Ocean and Coastal Management, 2019)
The Water Framework Directive (article 2, paragraph 21) as well as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, Descriptor 4) stress the need for assessing the quality of the structure and the functioning of ecosystems. The MSFD also underlines the urgent need for development, testing, and validation of ecosystem state indicators. Holistic function-based criteria and indicators as provided by Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) could be used to define and assess the ‘Good Environmental Status’ of marine ecosystems. This approach also feeds Ecosystem Based Management (EBM). ENA generally analyses the fluxes’ quality of a single medium such as here the carbon fluxes in a food web and produces a number of useful metrics that indicate, inter alia, the total carbon flow through the system, the quality of the functioning of the system or the trophic efficiency of system. A short list of indices [i.e. Detritivory over Herbivory ratio (D/H), Connectance Index (CI), Transfer Efficiency (TE) over trophic levels, System Omnivory Index (SOI), Finn's Cycling Index (FCI), relative Redundancy (R/DC), Average Mutual Information (AMI) and Interaction Strength (IS)] is proposed for practical use. This paper presents a first framework for OSPAR Regional Sea Convention food web indicators based on ENA. These are presented here focusing on their applicability and what is needed for implementation, illustrating their potential use by case studies. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: Average mutual information; Carbon; Carbon flux; Criteria and indicators; Decision making; Ecological network analysis; ecosystem function; ecosystem management; ecosystem structure; Ecosystem-based management; Ecosystems; Efficiency; environmental indicator; Environmental management; Environmental regulations; food web; Good environmental status; holistic approach; Interaction strength; marine ecosystem; Marine pollution; Marine strategy framework directives; Water conservation; Water Framework Directives

Adhesive gland transcriptomics uncovers a diversity of genes involved in glue formation in marine tube-building polychaetes - Jean-Philippe Buffet; Erwan Corre; Evelyne Duvernois-Berthet; Jérôme Fournier; Pascal Jean Lopez (Acta Biomaterialia, 2018)
Tube-building sabellariid polychaetes are hermatypic organisms capable of forming vast reefs in highly turbulent marine habitats. Sabellariid worms assemble their tube by gluing together siliceous and calcareous clastic particles using a polyelectrolytic biocement. Here, we performed transcriptomic analyses to investigate the genes that are differentially expressed in the parathorax region, which contains the adhesive gland and tissues, from the rest of the body. We found a large number of candidate genes to be involved in the composition and formation of biocement in two species: Sabellaria alveolata and Phragmatopoma caudata. Our results indicate that the glue is likely to be composed by a large diversity of cement-related proteins, including Poly(S), GY-rich, H-repeat and miscellaneous categories. However, sequences divergence and differences in expression profiles between S. alveolata and P. caudata, of cement-related proteins may reflect adaptation to the type of substratum used to build their tube, and/or to their habitat (temperate vs tropical, amplitude of pH, salinity ...). Related to the L-DOPA metabolic pathways and linked with the genes that were differentially expressed in the parathorax region, we found that tyrosinase and peroxidase gene families may have undergone independent expansion in the two Sabellariidae species investigated. Our data also reinforce the importance of protein modifications in cement formation. Altogether these new genomic resources help to identify novel transcripts encoding for cement-related proteins, but also important enzymes putatively involved in the chemistry of the adhesion process, such as kinases, and may correspond to new targets to develop biomimetic approaches.

Age and growth of the Amazonian migratory catfish Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii in the Madeira River basin before the construction of dams - Hauser, Marilia; Doria, C R C; Melo, L; Santos, A; Ayala, D; Nogueira, L; Amadio, S. A.; Fabré, N; Torrente-Vilara, Gislene; García Vásquez, A; Renno, Jean-Francois; Carvajal-Vallejos, F M; et al. (Neotropical Ichthyology, 2018)
The goliath catfish Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii has crucial economical and ecological functions in the Amazon basin. Although its life history characteristics have been studied in the Amazon, there is little information in the Madeira River basin, which holds genetically distinct populations and where dams were recently built. Using fish collected in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru, this study provides a validation of growth rings deposition and details the growth patterns of B. rousseauxii in the Madeira before the dams’ construction. Age structure and growth parameters were determined from 497 otolith readings. The species exhibits two growth rings per year and sampled fish were between 0 and 16 years old. In the Brazilian portion of the basin, mainly young individuals below 5 years old were found, whereas older fish (> 5 years) were caught only in the Bolivian and Peruvian stretches, indicating that after migrating upstream to reproduce, adults remain in the headwaters of the Madeira River. Comparing with previous publications, B. rousseauxii had a slower growth and 20 cm lower maximum standard length in the Madeira River than in the Amazon River. This study provides a baseline for future evaluation of changes in population dynamics of the species following dams closure. Palabras clave: Amazon; Biannual rings; Goliath catfish; Life cycle; Otolith

Algal Bloom Exacerbates Hydrogen Sulfide and Methylmercury Contamination in the Emblematic High-Altitude Lake Titicaca - Darío Achá; Guédron, Stephane; Amouroux, David; Point, David; Lazzaro, Xavier; Fernandez, Pablo Edgar; Sarret, Géraldine (Geosciences, 2018)
Algal blooms occurrence is increasing around the globe. However, algal blooms are uncommon in dominantly oligotrophic high-altitude lakes. Lake Titicaca, the largest freshwater lake in South America, located at 3809 m above the sea level, experienced its first recorded algal bloom covering a large fraction of its southern shallow basin in March–April 2015. The dominant algae involved in the bloom was Carteria sp. Water geochemistry changed during the bloom with a simultaneous alkalinization in heterotrophic parts of the lake and acidification in eutrophic shallow areas. A decrease in oxygen saturation (from 105 to 51%), and a dramatic increase in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations (from <0.02 to up to 155 µg∙L−1) resulted in the massive death of pelagic organisms. Such changes were brought by the exacerbated activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in this sulfate-rich lake. Although levels in total mercury remained stable during the event, MMHg % rose, highlighting higher conservation of produced MMHg in the water. Such an increase on MMHg % has the potential to produce exponential changes on MMHg concentrations at the end food web due to the biomagnification process. Our physicochemical and climatological data suggest that unusually intense rain events released large amounts of nutrients from the watershed and triggered the bloom. The observed bloom offers a hint for possible scenarios for the lake if pollution and climate change continue to follow the same trend. Such a scenario may have significant impacts on the most valuable fish source in the Andean region and the largest freshwater Lake in South America. Furthermore, the event illustrates a possible fate of high altitude environments subjected to eutrophication.

Annual Phytoplankton Primary Production Estimation in a Temperate Estuary by Coupling PAM and Carbon Incorporation Methods - Morelle, Jérôme; Mathilde Schapira; Francis Orvain; Riou, Philippe; Pascal Jean Lopez; Duplessix, Olivier; Rabiller, Emilie; Maheux, Franc; Simon, Benjamin; Pascal Claquin (Estuaries and Coasts, 2018)
Phytoplankton primary production varies considerably with environmental parameters especially in dynamic ecosystems like estuaries. The aimof this study was to investigate short-term primary production along the salinity gradient of a temperate estuary over the course of 1 year. The combination of carbon incorporation and fluorescence methods enabled primary production estimation at short spatial and temporal scales. The electron requirement for carbon fixation was investigated in relation with physical-chemical parameters to accurately estimate primary production at high frequency. These results combined with the variability of the photic layer allowed the annual estimation of primary production along the estuary. Phytoplankton dynamics was closely related to salinity and turbidity gradients, which strongly influenced cells physiology and photoacclimatation. The number of electrons required to fix 1 mol of carbon (C) was ranged between 1.6 and 25 mol electron mol C−1 with a mean annual value of 8 ± 5 mol electron mol C−1. This optimum value suggests that in nutrient replete conditions like estuaries, alternative electron flows are low, while electrons transfer from photosystem II to carbon fixation is highly efficient. A statistical model was used to improve the estimation of primary production from electron transport rate as a function of significant environmental parameters. Based on this model, daily carbon production in the Seine estuary (France) was estimated by considering light and photic zone variability. A mean annual daily primary production of 0.12 ± 0.18 g C m−2 day−1 with a maximum of 1.18 g C m−2 day−1 in summer was estimated which lead to an annual mean of 64.75 g C m−2 year−1. This approach should be applied more frequently in dynamic ecosystems such as estuaries or coastal waters to accurately estimate primary production in those valuable ecosystems.
Keywords: High frequency . Electron requirement for carbon fixation . Electron transport rate (ETR) . Seine estuary

Aquatic urban ecology at the scale of a capital: community structure and interactions in street gutters. - Hervé, Vincent; Leroy, Boris; Da Silva Pires, Albert; Pascal Jean Lopez (ISME J., 2018)
In most cities, streets are designed for collecting and transporting dirt, litter, debris, storm water and other wastes as a municipal sanitation system. Microbial mats can develop on street surfaces and form microbial communities that have never been described. Here, we performed the first molecular inventory of the street gutter-associated eukaryotes across the entire French capital of Paris and the non-potable waters sources. We found that the 5782 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) present in the street gutters which are dominated by diatoms (photoautotrophs), fungi (heterotrophs), Alveolata and Rhizaria, includes parasites, consumers of phototrophs and epibionts that may regulate the dynamics of gutter mat microbial communities. Network analyses demonstrated that street microbiome present many species restricted to gutters, and an overlapping composition between the water sources used for street cleaning (for example, intra-urban aquatic networks and the associated rivers) and the gutters. We propose that street gutters, which can cover a significant surface area of cities worldwide, potentially have important ecological roles in the remediation of pollutants or downstream wastewater treatments, might also be a niche for growth and dissemination of putative parasite and pathogens.The ISME Journal advance online publication, 13 October 2017; doi:10.1038/ismej.2017.166.

Aragonite saturation state in a tropical coastal embayment dominated by phytoplankton blooms (Guanabara Bay - Brazil) - Luiz C. Cotovicz; Bastiaan A. Knoppers; Nilva Brandini; Dominique Poirier; Suzan J. Costa Santos; Gwenaël Abril (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2018)

Assessing cumulative socio-ecological impacts of offshore wind farm development in the Bay of Seine (English Channel) - Raoux, Aurore; Dambacher, J.M.; Pezy, Jean-Philippe; Mazé, C.; Jean-Claude Dauvin; Nathalie Niquil (Marine Policy, 2018)
As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) in Normandy. These OWFs will be integrated into an ecosystem already facing multiple anthropogenic disturbances. A holistic view of cumulated impacts (OWF construction, global warming and fisheries) were developed on the Courseulles-sur-Mer’ ecosystem through the use of a qualitative mathematical modelling approach. This modelling approach provides the mean to consider alternative hypotheses about how the ecosystem structure and function affects its dynamics. Alternative models were constructed to address the different hypotheses regarding the behaviour of top predator (whether the top predators will be scared away by the OWF or attracted by the reef effect), impacts of global warming and changes in fisheries activities. Key findings from these analyses are that the OWF construction could lead to an increase in benthos species and fish benthos feeders whatever the perturbation scenario, while the predicted response of top predators was ambiguous across all perturbation scenario. Qualitative modelling results can play a vital role in decision making by improving long term planning for the marine environment but also as a tool for communication with the public and so contribute to a better acceptability of the Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) project. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: alternative energy; Bay of Seine; development project; ecological impact; ecosystem management; English Channel; environmental impact assessment; environmental planning; France; Marine environment; offshore structure; qualitative analysis; social impact; wind farm

Assessing the impacts of several algae-based diets on cultured European abalone ( Haliotis tuberculata ) - Basuyaux, Olivier; Blin, Jean-Louis; Katherine Costil; Richard, Olivier; Lebel, Jean-Marc; Antoine Serpentini (Aquatic Living Resources, 2018)

Benthic foraminifera to assess Ecological Quality Statuses in Italian transitional waters - Vincent M.P. Bouchet; Goberville, Eric; Fabrizio Frontalini (Ecological Indicators, 2018)
Estuaries, lagoons and lakes, identified as transitional waters (TWs), are fragile ecotones at the interface between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The assessment of their Ecological Quality status (EcoQ), required by marine legislations, is rather uncertain when based on traditional benthic macrofaunal indices. This study proposes to assess the EcoQ of marine waters using the diversity index Exp(H'bc) based on living benthic foraminifera. By testing this method on datasets from five Italian TWs, we showed that EcoQ's assessment based on foraminifera reflected changes in environmental conditions. Benthic foraminifera highlighted the degradation of most, if not all, study sites, ranking most of the TWs in “Moderate” to “Bad” EcoQs. Although the assessment of EcoQs estimated from diversity indices was similar when based on benthic foraminifera or macrofauna, discrepancies occurred if diversity index calculated on foraminifera and sensitivity-based indices applied on macrofauna were compared. Our results demonstrated that the Exp(H'bc) index based on living benthic foraminifera is a promising approach to assess EcoQs. Finally, we argue that benthic foraminifera, for their preservation potential as fossil within sediment, are a reliable option to define reference conditions and targets.
Keywords: Diversity index; Ecological quality status; Italian transitional waters; Living benthic foraminifera; Marine strategy framework directive; Water framework directive

Benthic species of the Kerguelen Plateau show contrasting distribution shifts in response to environmental changes - Guillaumot, Charlène; Fabri-Ruiz, Salomé; Martin, Alexis; Eleaume, Marc; Danis, Bruno; Feral, Jean-Pierre; Saucède, Thomas (Ecology and Evolution, 2018)

Biofilm monitoring as a tool to assess the efficiency of artificial reefs as substrates: Toward 3D printed reefs - Elisabeth Riera; Lamy, Dominique; Christophe Goulard; Francour, P; Cédric Hubas (Ecological Engineering, 2018)
Habitat destruction is one of the main causes of the decline of biodiversity and of fishery resources in the marine environment. An artificial reef (AR) could be a tool for protecting or restoring these habitats and their declining biodiversity, and also help to enhance sustainable fisheries. The goal is to design non-polluting structures that best mimic the complexity of natural habitats in order to improve their service to the community. To date, the assessment of reef performance has been mostly focused on fish assemblages and species of ecological and/or socio-economic interest, and has disregarded the biofilm communities that determine the first level of an AR’s trophic network. In this work, we used biofilm formation to compare the quality of substrates used as building parts for an AR, in order to optimize an eco-friendly material that will be used to design a new generation of \{ARs\} produced by giant 3D printers. The structure of the photosynthetic communities has been identified using pigment biomarkers and their production of exudates has been analysed. These polymeric substances were quantified in terms of total sugar and protein concentrations. They were further analysed in terms of amino acid content. We found no significant differences between the micro-algae communities developed on the different substrates. These photosynthetic communities were mainly composed of diatoms, prasinophytes, haptophytes, and dinoflagellates. However, we showed that the material for \{ARs\} is crucial for biofilm development, especially with regard to its secretions of sugar. The choice of an appropriate substrate for \{AR\} construction is thus of particular importance since biofilm secretions determine the organic substrate on which sessile macro-organisms will settle.
Keywords: Artificial reef substrates

Biomineralization in modern avian calcified eggshells: similarity versus diversity - Dauphin, Y; Luquet, G; Perez-Huerta, A; Salomé, M (Connective Tissue Research, 2018)
Avian eggshells are composed of several layers made of organic compounds and a mineral phase (calcite), and the general structure is basically the same in all species. A comparison of the structure, crystallography, and chemical composition shows that despite an overall similarity, each species has its own structure, crystallinity, and composition. Eggshells are a perfect example of the crystallographic versus biological concept of the formation and growth mechanisms of calcareous biominerals: the spherulitic-columnar structure is described as "a typical case of competitive crystal growth", but it is also said that the eggshell matrix components regulate eggshell mineralization. Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) analyses show that the crystallinity differs between different species. Nevertheless, the three layers are composed of rounded granules, and neither facets nor angles are visible. In-situ analyses show the heterogeneous distribution of chemical elements throughout the thickness of single eggshell. The presence of organic matrices other than the outer and inner membranes in eggshells is confirmed by thermograms and infrared spectrometry, and the differences in quality and quantity depend on the species. Thus, as in other biocrystals, crystal growth competition is not enough to explain these differences, and there is a strong biological control of the eggshell secretion.

Blow Your Nose, Shrimp! Unexpectedly Dense Bacterial Communities Occur on the Antennae and Antennules of Hydrothermal Vent Shrimp - Magali Zbinden; Gallet, Alison; Szafranski, Kamil M.; Machon, Julia; Juliette Ravaux; Léger, Nelly; Duperron, Sébastien (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)
In crustaceans, as in other animals, perception of environmental cues is of key importance for a wide range of interactions with the environment and congeners. Chemoreception involves mainly the antennae and antennules, which carry sensilla that detect water-borne chemicals. The functional importance of these as exchange surfaces in the shrimp’s sensory perception requires them to remain free of any microorganism and deposit that could impair the fixation of odorant molecules on sensory neurons. We report here the occurrence of an unexpected dense bacterial colonization on surface of the antennae and antennules of four hydrothermal vent shrimp species. Microscopic observation, qPCR and 16S rRNA barcoding reveal the abundance, diversity and taxonomic composition of these bacterial communities, that are compared with those found on a related coastal shrimp. Bacterial abundances vary among species. Bacteria are almost absent in coastal shrimp, meanwhile they fully cover the antennal flagella in some hydrothermal vent species. Epsilon- and Gammaproteobacteria dominate the hydrothermal shrimp-associated communities, whereas Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes are dominant in the coastal ones. Bacteria associated with vent shrimp species are most similar to known chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizers. Potential roles of these bacteria on the hydrothermal shrimp antennae and antennules and on sensory functions are discussed.

Carbon biogeochemistry and CO2 emissions in a human impacted and mangrove dominated tropical estuary (Can Gio, Vietnam) - Frank David; Tarik Meziane; Tran-thi, N; Truong Van, V; Thành-Nho, N; Pierre Taillardat; Cyril Marchand (Biogeochemistry, 2018)
The quantitative contribution of tropical estuaries to the atmospheric CO2 budget has large uncertainties, both spatially and seasonally. We investigated the seasonal and spatial variations of carbon biogeochemistry downstream of Ho Chi Minh City (Southern Vietnam). We sampled four sites distributed from downstream of a highly urbanised watershed through mangroves to the South China Sea coast during the dry and wet seasons. Measured partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) ranged from 660 to 3000 μatm during the dry season, and from 740 to 5000 μatm during the wet season. High organic load, dissolved oxygen saturation down to 17%, and pCO2up to 5000 μatm at the freshwater endmember of the estuary reflected the intense human pressure on this ecosystem. We show that releases from mangrove soils affect the water column pCO2 in this large tropical estuary (~600 m wide and 10–20 m deep). This study is among the few to report direct measurements of both water pCO2 and CO2 emissions in a Southeast Asian tropical estuary located in a highly urbanised watershed. It shows that the contribution of such estuaries may have been previously underestimated, with CO2 emissions ranging from 74 to 876 mmol m−2 day−1 at low current velocity (< 0.2 m s−1). Corresponding gas transfer velocities k600, ranging from 1.7 to 11.0 m day−1, were about 2 to 4 times of k600 estimated using published literature equations.

Carbon dioxide degassing at the groundwater-stream-atmosphere interface: isotopic equilibration and hydrological mass balance in a sandy watershed - Loris Deirmendjian; Gwenaël Abril (Journal of Hydrology, 2018)

Carbon dioxide degassing at the groundwater-stream-atmosphere interface: isotopic equilibration and hydrological mass balance in a sandy watershed - Loris Deirmendjian; Gwenaël Abril (Journal of Hydrology, 2018)

Carbon dynamics and CO2 and CH4 outgassing in the Mekong delta - Alberto V. Borges; Gwenaël Abril; Steven Bouillon (Biogeosciences, 2018)

Carbon dynamics and inconstant porewater input in a mangrove tidal creek over contrasting seasons and tidal amplitudes - Taillardat, Pierre; Ziegler, Alan D.; Friess, Daniel A.; Widory, David; Truong Van, Vinh; Frank David; Thanh-Nho, Nguyen; Marchand, Cyril (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2018)
Constraining the contribution of mangrove-derived carbon in tidal creeks is fundamental to understanding the fate of mangrove primary production and the role of mangroves as coastal carbon sinks. Porewater measurements and 24-h time series in a mangrove tidal creek were conducted during the dry and wet season, and over contrasting tidal ranges at the Can Gio Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam. Surface water carbon concentrations (dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2)) and their respective d13C values were correlated with radon, suggesting that porewater input drives mangrove-derived carbon in the tidal creek. Based on three complementary mixing models, porewater input contributed to about 30% of the water volume and 46% to 100% of DOC and DIC pools in the tidal creek at low tide, with variabilities between seasons and tidal amplitudes. The creek carbon pool was 88% DIC, 6% DOC, and 6% particulate organic carbon (POC). The pCO2 values during the wet season (2973–16,495 latm) were on average 5-fold higher than during the dry season (584–2946 latm). This was explained by a potential greater mineralization attributed to higher organic matter availability and residual humidity that stimulate bacterial activity, and by a potential tidal dilution changing the pCO2/DIC ratio as suggested by the Revelle factor. Consequently, average CO2 evasion from the creek was estimated at 327–427 mmolC mÀ2 dÀ1 during the wet season and 92–213 mmolC mÀ2 dÀ1 during the dry season, using two independent approaches. Tidal amplitude seemed to inﬂuence porewater input and its carbon loads, with a higher contribution during frequent and high tidal amplitudes (symmetric). However, the highest input occurred in a tidal cycle which was preceded by tidal cycle of low amplitude (asymmetric). We explain this ambiguity by the inﬂuence of both, rapid water turnover intensifying porewater exchange, and long water residence time enhancing carbon load in porewater.

Caridina variabilirostris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae), a new species of freshwater shrimp from Pohnpei (Micronesia) - de Mazancourt, Valentin; Marquet, Gérard; Philippe Keith (European Journal of Taxonomy, 2018)
Recently de Mazancourt et al.(2017) highligted the “Pinocchio-shrimp effect” on a new species of Atyid shrimp from Pohnpei (Micronesia). In combinating morphological data with a genetical analysis, this species is described here with its ecological distribution. The status of this new species is clarified and finally, neither C. brachydactyla De Man 1908nor C. mertoniJ. Roux, 1911 occur in Pohnpei.

Characterization of a tachykinin signalling system in the bivalve mollusc Crassostrea gigas - Marie-Pierre Dubos; Sven Zels; Julie Schwartz; Jeremy Pasquier; Liliane Schoofs; Pascal Favrel (General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2018)
Although tachykinin-like neuropeptides have been identified in molluscs more than two decades ago, knowledge on their function and signalling has so far remained largely elusive. We developed a cell-based assay to address the functionality of the tachykinin G-protein coupled receptor (Cragi-TKR) in the oyster Crassostrea gigas. The oyster tachykinin neuropeptides that are derived from the tachykinin precursor gene Cragi-TK activate the Cragi-TKR in nanomolar concentrations. Receptor activation is sensitive to Ala-substitution of critical Cragi-TK amino acid residues. The Cragi-TKR gene is expressed in a variety of tissues, albeit at higher levels in the visceral ganglia (VG) of the nervous system. Fluctuations of Cragi-TKR expression is in line with a role for TK signalling in C. gigas reproduction. The expression level of the Cragi-TK gene in the VG depends on the nutritional status of the oyster, suggesting a role for TK signalling in the complex regulation of feeding in C. gigas.

Characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) genes from cartilaginous fish: evolutionary perspectives. - Gaillard, A-L; Tay, Boon-Hui; Perez-Sirkin, Daniela; Anne-Gaelle Lafont; De Flori, Céline; Vissio, Paula G.; Mazan, Sylvie; Sylvie Dufour; Venkatesh, Byrappa; Tostivint, Hervé (Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2018)

Chemically-Mediated Interactions Between Macroalgae, Their Fungal Endophytes, and Protistan Pathogens - Vallet, Marine; Strittmatter, Martina; Murúa, Pedro; Lacoste, Sandrine; Dupont, Joëlle; Cédric Hubas; Genta-Jouve, Gregory; Claire M. M. Gachon; Kim, Gwang Hoon; Prado, Soizic (Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018)
Filamentous fungi asymptomatically colonise the inner tissues of macroalgae, yet their ecological roles remain largely underexplored. Here, we tested if metabolites produced by fungal endophytes might protect their host against a phylogenetically broad spectrum of protistan pathogens. Accordingly, the cultivable fungal endophytes of four brown algal species were isolated and identified based on LSU and SSU sequencing. The fungal metabolomes were tested for their ability to reduce the infection by protistan pathogens in the algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus. The most active metabolomes effective against the oomycetes Eurychasma dicksonii and Anisolpidium ectocarpii, and the phytomixid Maullinia ectocarpii were further characterized chemically. Several pyrenocines isolated from Phaeosphaeria sp. AN596H efficiently inhibited the infection by all abovementioned pathogens. Strikingly, these compounds also inhibited the infection of nori (Pyropia yezoensis) against its two most devastating oomycete pathogens, Olpidiopsis pyropiae and Pythium porphyrae. We thus demonstrate that fungal endophytes associated with brown algae produce bioactive metabolites which might confer protection against pathogen infection. These results highlight the potential of metabolites to finely-tune the outcome of molecular interactions between algae, their endophytes and protistan pathogens. This also provide proof-of-concept towards the applicability of such metabolites in marine aquaculture to control otherwise untreatable diseases.

Combined use of two supervised learning algorithms to model sea turtle behaviours from tri-axial acceleration data - Jeantet, L.; Dell'Amico, F.; Forin-Wiart, M. A.; Coutant, M.; Bonola, M.; Etienne, D.; Gresser, J.; Regis, S.; Lecerf, N.; Lefebvre, F.; de Thoisy, B.; Le Maho, Y.; et al. (Journal of Experimental Biology, 2018)

Comparative histology of caniniform teeth in some predatory ichthyophagous teleosts - Texereau, M; Germain, D; Meunier, Francois J. (Cybium, 2018)

Comparison of Chemoreceptive Abilities of the Hydrothermal Shrimp Mirocaris fortunata and the Coastal Shrimp Palaemon elegans - Machon, Julia; Lucas, Philippe; Juliette Ravaux; Magali Zbinden (Chemical Senses, 2018)
Chemoreception might play an important role for endemic shrimp that inhabit deep and dark hydrothermal vents to find food sources and to locate active edifices that release specific chemicals. We compared the chemosensory abilities of the hydrothermal shrimp Mirocaris fortunata and the coastal related species, Palaemon elegans. The detection of diverse ecologically relevant chemical stimuli by the antennal appendages was measured with electroantennography. The 2 species can detect food-related odor and sulfide, a short-distance stimulus, via both their antennae and antennules. Neither iron nor manganese, considered as long-distance stimuli, was detected by the antennal appendages. Investigation of the ultrastructure of aesthetasc sensilla revealed no specific features of the hydrothermal species regarding innervation by olfactory sensory neurons. Pore-like structures occurring in the aesthetasc cuticle and dense bacterial covering seem to be unique to hydrothermal species, but their potential link to chemoreception remains elusive.

Connecting paths between juvenile and adult habitats in the Atlantic green turtle using genetics and satellite tracking - Chambault, Philippine; de Thoisy, Benoît; Huguin, Maïlis; Martin, Jordan; Bonola, Marc; Etienne, Denis; Gresser, Julie; Hielard, Gaëlle; Mailles, Julien; Vedie, Fabien; Barnerias, Cyrille; Sutter, Emmanuel; et al. (Ecology and Evolution, 2018)

Contamination of marine fauna by chlordecone in Guadeloupe: evidence of a seaward decreasing gradient - Charlotte R. Dromard; Guéné, Mathilde; Bouchon-Navaro, Yolande; Lemoine, Soazig; Cordonnier, Sébastien; Bouchon, Claude (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018)

Copper induces expression and methylation changes of early development genes in Crassostrea gigas embryos - Sussarellu, Rossana; Lebreton Morgane; Rouxel Julien; Akcha Farida; Guillaume Rivière (Aquat Toxicol, 2018)
Keywords: Oyster Embryotoxicity Copper Gene expression DNA methylation

Crustacean cardioactive peptides: Expression, localization, structure, and a possible involvement in regulation of egg-laying in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. - Endress, Maxime; Céline Zatylny-Gaudin; Corre, Erwan; Le Corguillé, Gildas; Benoist, Louis; Leprince, Jérôme; Lefranc, Benjamin; Bernay, Benoît; Leduc, Alexandre; Rangama, Jimmy; Anne-Gaelle Lafont; Bondon, Arnaud; et al. (Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 2018)
The cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) is a cephalopod mollusk distributed on the western European coast, in the West African Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. On the Normandy coast (France), cuttlefish is a target species of professional fishermen, so its reproduction strategy is of particular interest in the context of stock management. Egg-laying, which is coastal, is controlled by several types of regulators among which neuropeptides. The cuttlefish neuropeptidome was recently identified by Zatylny-Gaudin et al. (2016). Among the 38 neuropeptide families identified, some were significantly overexpressed in egg-laying females as compared to mature males. This study is focused on crustacean cardioactive peptides (CCAPs), a highly expressed neuropeptide family strongly suspected of being involved in the control of egg-laying. We investigated the functional and structural characterization and tissue mapping of CCAPs, as well as the expression patterns of their receptors. CCAPs appeared to be involved in oocyte transport through the oviduct and in mechanical secretion of capsular products. Immunocytochemistry revealed that the neuropeptides were localized throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and in the nerve endings of the glands involved in egg-capsule synthesis and secretion, i.e. the oviduct gland and the main nidamental glands. The CCAP receptor was expressed in these glands and in the subesophageal mass of the CNS. Multiple sequence alignments revealed a high level of conservation of CCAP protein precursors in Sepia officinalis and Loligo pealei, two cephalopod decapods. Primary sequences of CCAPs from the two species were fully conserved, and cryptic peptides detected in the nerve endings were also partially conserved, suggesting biological activity that remains unknown for the time being.

Cryptic frenulates are the dominant chemosymbiotrophic fauna at Arctic and high latitude Atlantic cold seeps - Sen, Arunima; Duperron, Sébastien; Hourdez, Stéphane; Piquet, Bérénice; Léger, Nelly; Gebruk, Andrey; Le Port, Anne-Sophie; Svenning, Mette Marianne; Andersen, Ann C. (PLOS ONE, 2018)

Cultured eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica): retention and assimilation of picophytoplankton using a multi-biomarker approach - Rémi Sonier; Réjean Tremblay; Frédéric Olivier; Tarik Meziane; Comeau, Luc Andre (Aquatic Living Resources, 2018)
{In this study, we investigated the food sources of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica cultivated in Atlantic Canada. Stable isotopes (C-13 and N-15) and fatty acid biomarkers were used to identify these sources under in situ conditions for suspended (similar to 0.5 m below surface) and bottom(similar to 2 m) culture stocks. It was found that particulate organic matter represented the main food source, with major contributions from live phytoplankton. Higher lipid contents were detected in the digestive glands of suspended oysters compared to bottom oysters (p < 0.05). Bottom oysters did not show significant preference for detrital or bacterial organic matter. Near-surface waters contained an elevated picophytoplankton biomass (PPP, 0.2-2 mu m, 1.93 +/- 0.16mg l(-1), mean +/- SEM) compared to nanophytoplankton biomass (NPP, > 2 mu m, 1.05 +/- 0.15 mu g l(-1), mean +/- SEM). To determine whether the small size PPP was captured and assimilated by C. virginica, feeding trials were conducted in the laboratory using three PPP/NPP diets (20%, 50%, and 80% PPP), consisting of isotopically-labelled (delta C-13) PPP cells (Nannochloropsis oculata) and non-labelled NPP cells (Tisochrysis lutea). An isotopically-labelled fatty acids analysis indicated PPP assimilation in various tissues (digestive gland, gills, mantle, and abductor muscle), including from oysters fed the reduced (20%) PPP diet. Isotopic enrichment (C-13) in the FA 22:2 (non-methylene-interrupted or NMI) showed that precursors of NMIs utilized PPP carbon in its biosynthesis process. In conclusion, C. virginica assimilated primarily particulate organic matter (POM), including PPP, which dominated the phytoplankton community in near surface waters. C. virginica can exploit PPP carbon during fatty acid production and further biosynthesis.}
Keywords: Aquaculture; fatty acids; Picophytoplankton; Shellfish}; Stable isotopes; {Crassostrea virginica

De la nuisibilité à la patrimonialité en milieu marin. L'histoire d'une ambiguïté entretenue - Patrick, Le Mao; Nicolas Desroy; Jérôme Fournier; Laurent Godet; Eric Thiébaut (Sales bêtes, mauvaises herbes, 2018)

Description of a new species of Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from two Micronesian islands (Guam and Babeldaob) - de Mazancourt, Valentin; Marquet, Gérard; Rogers, D Christopher; Philippe Keith (Zootaxa, 2018)
During field trips to Guam and Babeldaob Islands in Micronesia, freshwater shrimps were sampled and assigned either to Caridina brachydactyla De Man, 1908 or C. mertoni J. Roux, 1911 (Decapoda: Atyidae), following previous inventories. In combining morphological data with a genetical analysis, it appeared that all the specimens belonged to a new species, Caridina variabilis sp. nov., here described with its distribution. The status of this new species is clarified and finally, neither C. brachydactyla, nor C. mertoni occur in these two islands. DNA sequences of 16S were obtained from the syntypes of C. mertoni.

Design of antimicrobial peptides from a cuttlefish database. - Houyvet, Baptiste; Zanuttini, B; Corre, Erwan; Le Corguillé, Gildas; Joël Henry; Céline Zatylny-Gaudin (Amino acids, 2018)
No antimicrobial peptide has been identified in cephalopods to date. Annotation of transcriptomes or genomes using basic local alignment Search Tool failed to yield any from sequence identities. Therefore, we searched for antimicrobial sequences in the cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) database by in silico analysis of a transcriptomic database. Using an original approach based on the analysis of cysteine-free antimicrobial peptides selected from our Antimicrobial Peptide Database (APD3), the online prediction tool of the Collection of Anti-Microbial Peptides (CAMPR3), and a homemade software program, we identified potential antibacterial sequences. Nine peptides less than 25 amino acids long were synthesized. The hydrophobic content of all nine of them ranged from 30 to 70%, and they could form alpha-helices. Three peptides possessed similarities with piscidins, one with BMAP-27, and five were totally new. Their antibacterial activity was evaluated on eight bacteria including the aquatic pathogens Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas salmonicida, or human pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, or Staphylococcus aureus. Despite the prediction of an antimicrobial potential for eight of the peptides, only two-GR21 and KT19-inhibited more than one bacterial strain with minimal inhibitory concentrations below 25 µM. Some sequences like VA20 and FK19 were hemolytic, while GR21 induced less than 10% of hemolysis on human blood cells at a concentration of 200 µM. GR21 was the only peptide derived from a precursor with a signal peptide, suggesting a real role in cuttlefish immune defense.

Diel Rhythm Does Not Shape the Vertical Distribution of Bacterial and Archaeal 16S rRNA Transcript Diversity in Intertidal Sediments: a Mesocosm Study - Lavergne, C.; Hugoni, M.; Cédric Hubas; Debroas, D.; Christine Dupuy; Agogué, H. (Microbial Ecology, 2018)
In intertidal sediments, circadian oscillations (i.e., tidal and diel rhythms) and/or depth may affect prokaryotic activity. However, it is difficult to distinguish the effect of each single force on active community changes in these natural and complex intertidal ecosystems. Therefore, we developed a tidal mesocosm to control the tidal rhythm and test whether diel fluctuation or sediment depth influence active prokaryotes in the top 10 cm of sediment. Day- and nighttime emersions were compared as they are expected to display contrasting conditions through microphytobenthic activity in five different sediment layers. A multiple factor analysis revealed that bacterial and archaeal 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript diversity assessed by pyrosequencing was similar between day and night emersions. Potentially active benthic Bacteria were highly diverse and influenced by chlorophyll a and phosphate concentrations. While in oxic and suboxic sediments, Thaumarchaeota Marine Group I (MGI) was the most active archaeal phylum, suggesting the importance of the nitrogen cycle in muddy sediments, in anoxic sediments, the mysterious archaeal C3 group dominated the community. This work highlighted that active prokaryotes organize themselves vertically within sediments independently of diel fluctuations suggesting adaptation to physicochemical-specific conditions associated with sediment depth.

The diet of the Early Cretaceous coelacanth †Axelrodichthys araripensis Maisey, 1986 (Actinistia: Mawsoniidae) - Meunier, Francois J.; Cupello, Camila; Yoshikata Yabumoto; Brito, Paulo M. (Cybium, 2018)

Dietary aquaculture by-product hydrolysates: impact on the transcriptomic response of the intestinal mucosa of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed low fish meal diets - Leduc, Alexandre; Céline Zatylny-Gaudin; Robert, Marie; Corre, Erwan; Le Corguillé, Gildas; Castel, Hélène; Lefevre-Scelles, Antoine; Fournier, Vincent; Gisbert, Enric; Andree, Karl B.; Joël Henry (BMC Genomics, 2018)
Aquaculture production is expected to double by 2030, and demands for aquafeeds and raw materials are expected to increase accordingly. Sustainable growth of aquaculture will require the development of highly nutritive and functional raw materials to efficiently replace fish meal. Enzymatic hydrolysis of marine and aquaculture raw materials could bring new functionalities to finished products. The aim of this study was to determine the zootechnical and transcriptomic performances of protein hydrolysates of different origins (tilapia, shrimp, and a combination of the two) in European seabass (Dicentrarchux labrax) fed a low fish meal diet (5%), for 65 days. Results Results were compared to a positive control fed with 20% of fish meal. Growth performances, anterior intestine histological organization and transcriptomic responses were monitored and analyzed. Dietary inclusion of protein hydrolysates in the low fish meal diet restored similar growth performances to those of the positive control. Inclusion of dietary shrimp hydrolysate resulted in larger villi and more goblet cells, even better than the positive control. Transcriptomic analysis of the anterior intestine showed that dietary hydrolysate inclusion restored a pattern of intestinal gene expression very close to the pattern of the positive control. However, as compared to the low fish meal diet and depending on their origin, the different hydrolysates did not modulate metabolic pathways in the same way. Dietary shrimp hydrolysate inclusion modulated more metabolic pathways related to immunity, while nutritional metabolism was more impacted by dietary tilapia hydrolysate. Interestingly, the combination of the two hydrolysates enhanced the benefits of hydrolysate inclusion in diets: more genes and metabolic pathways were regulated by the combined hydrolysates than by each hydrolysate tested independently. Conclusions Protein hydrolysates manufactured from aquaculture by-products are promising candidates to help replace fish meal in aquaculture feeds without disrupting animal metabolism and performances.
Keywords: Aquaculture; Aquafeed; By-products; European seabass; Fishmeal replacement; Hydrolysate; Illumina RNA-sequencing; Intestinal organization; Metabolic pathways

Differences in home-range sizes of a bird species in its original, refuge and substitution habitats: challenges to conservation in anthropogenic habitats - Laurent Godet; Clément Harmange; Matthieu Marquet; Emmanuel Joyeux; Jérôme Fournier (Biodiversity and Conservation, 2018)
In the current context of the anthropocene, the original habitats of many species have been modified or destroyed. Animals may be forced to move from their original habitats, either to refuge habitats that are suboptimal natural habitats, or to substitution habitats that are anthropogenic. The quality of refuge habitats may be lower than that of the original ones, whereas substitution habitats may be of a similar or even better quality. Here, we test this hypothesis empirically, using the example of coastal populations of the bluethroat, Luscinina svecica namnetum. In a radio-tracking survey, we compared the home-range sizes (considered here a proxy of habitat quality) of the breeding males in their original (coastal saltmarshes), refuge (inland reedbeds) and substitution (coastal salinas) habitats. We found that home ranges are up to 15 times larger in the substitution habitat than in the original one, and intermediate in the refuge habitat, suggesting that substitution habitats have the lowest quality and original habitats the highest. To date, most studies and conservation programs related to this species have focused on its substitution habitats. This result challenges the interest of focusing on anthropogenic habitats when studying and conserving such a species, because such habitats may only be low-quality substitutes.

Different transfer pathways of an organochlorine pesticide across marine tropical food webs assessed with stable isotope analysis - Charlotte R. Dromard; Bouchon-Navaro, Yolande; Cordonnier, Sébastien; Guéné, Mathilde; Harmelin-Vivien, Mireille; Bouchon, Claude (PLOS ONE, 2018)

Differential expression of gonadotropin and estrogen receptors and oocyte cytology during follicular maturation associated with egg viability in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) - da Silva, F F G; Tveiten, H; Gersende Maugars; Anne-Gaelle Lafont; Sylvie Dufour; Støttrupa, J G; Kjørsvikd, E; Tomkiewicz, J (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A, 2018)

Digestive enzyme ratios are good indicators of hatchling yolk reserve and digestive gland maturation in early life stages of cuttlefish Sepia officinalis L.: application of these new tools in ecology and aquaculture - Safi, Georges; Anne-Sophie Martinez; Le Pabic, Charles; Estelle Le Bihan; Jean-Paul Robin; Koueta, Noussithé (Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology, 2018)
In Sepia officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758), the digestive gland matures during the first month post-hatching, while a shift from intracellular acid to extracellular alkaline digestion occurs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using enzymatic ratios for the description of digestive system maturation in early life stages of S. officinalis. Second, it is intended to apply these new tools as eco-physiological indicators for understanding the impact of cuttlefish eggs’ life history from different spawning sites of the English Channel on digestive performance of juveniles. An experimental rearing was performed over 35 days after hatching (DAH) on juveniles from wild collected eggs in 2010 and 2011. Four digestive enzyme activities and their ratios [i.e., trypsin, cathepsin, acid (ACP), and alkaline (ALP) phosphatase, ALP/ACP, and trypsin/cathepsin] were studied along with histological features (e.g., internal yolk surface and digestive gland development). The two enzyme ratios were good indicators of digestive system maturation allowing the study of the digestive gland’s development. They were highly correlated to juveniles’ weight increase and histological features of the gland in early DAH. These ratios described more accurately the shift occurring between the intracellular acid and the extracellular alkaline modes of digestion in S. officinalis and were more specific than separated enzyme activities. Their application as eco-physiological tools revealed that enzyme ratios reflected yolk content and digestive gland development in new hatching juveniles. Finally, ALP/ACP ratio was shown to be a powerful tool to describe growth performance of S. officinalis which is useful for aquaculture optimization. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.
Keywords: Acid Phosphatase; alkaline phosphatase; anatomy and histology; animal; Animals; Aquaculture; cathepsin; Cathepsins; cuttlefish; Gastrointestinal Tract; Physiology; Sepia; Trypsin

Distribution, associated species and extent of biofouling “reefs” formed by the alien species Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Annelida, Polychaeta) in marinas - Maud Charles; Robin Faillettaz; Nicolas Desroy; Jérôme Fournier; Katherine Costil (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2018)
Artificial structures in ports are commonly colonized by non-indigenous epifauna that tolerate high pollution levels. Bioconstructions built by alien species may offer sheltered microhabitats for motile (vagile) animals but biofouling often becomes detrimental to human activities. In this context, the present study provides an inventory of 1) the extent of biofouling related to the alien Polychaeta Ficopomatus enigmaticus on hard structures of marinas in Normandy, France, and 2) the biodiversity of sessile (attached) or vagile (motile) fauna associated with these “reefs”, including both native and alien species. Reefs built by F. enigmaticus were found in 6 out of 12 marinas with oligohaline-mesohaline waters. Significant differences in the total volume of biofouling were found among sites, with maximum values observed in Honfleur's old basin (459.52 mL per 0.04 m2). Ficopomatus enigmaticus greatly dominated the sessile invertebrate community both in volume (74–100%) and weight (70–100%) in 5 out of 6 marinas. The fouling formed by 5 alien species was colonized by 15 motile invertebrate taxa, including 3 cryptogenic or alien species. The alien crab Rhithropanopeus harrisi displayed the highest frequency of occurrence (>80%) and mean density (>300 ind m−2), and the global densities of sessile (except F. enigmaticus) and motile fauna were significantly correlated (r = 0.824; p < 0.05). While motile fauna density was also significantly correlated with the biovolume of B. improvisus and M. leucophaeata, it was not with F. enigmaticus (r = 0.421; p > 0.05). In line with previous studies, these results suggest that F. enigmaticus acts as an engineer offering shelter for reef-associated organisms. In addition, results suggest that at the regional scale, inter-site differences in motile fauna may reflect differences in environmental parameters such as salinity. The presence of F. enigmaticus at low salinity levels led to assess its potential distribution at the scale of the European coasts, suggesting that in the context of climate change, favorable conditions for spawning (>18 °C) will likely expand towards the North, and particularly in the eastern and northern Baltic Sea.
Keywords: Alien species; Benthic communities; Biofouling; Ficopomatus enigmaticus; Marinas; Normandy

Dynamics of exopolymeric carbon pools in relation with phytoplankton succession along the salinity gradient of a temperate estuary (France) - Morelle, Jérôme; Mathilde Schapira; Françoise, Sylvaine; Courtay Gaëlle; Francis Orvain; Pascal Claquin (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2018)
In parallel to phytoplankton community dynamics, transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) and exopolymeric substances (EPS) were investigated along the salinity gradient of a temperate estuary (Seine estuary, Normandy, France) over the course of a year. The phytoplankton community was mainly dominated by marine diatom species (especially Skeletonema sp., Nitzschia sp., and Paralia sulcata) associated with a spring bloom of picoeukaryotes and the development of Cryptophyceae in summer. The decreases in species richness and salinity were correlated along the estuary and a significant exponential relationship between species richness and primary production was identified. Concentrations of TEP and EPS (soluble and bound carbohydrates) are highly dynamic in this estuary and can reach respectively 69 mgC L−1, and 33 mgC L−1. TEP distribution was mainly related to physical factors (hydrodynamics, maximum turbidity zone formation and sediment resuspension) probably produced by stressed or dying phytoplankton, while EPS appeared to be excreted during the phytoplankton spring bloom. Soluble and bound EPS appear to be related to Skeletonema sp. and Cryptophyceae occurrences. This paper presents the dynamic pattern of these carbon pools, which play an important role in the trophic network and influence the flocculation processes involved in the fate of both organic and inorganic matter.
Keywords: Exopolymeric substances Species; Nanophytoplankton; Picophytoplankton; richness

Dynamics of particulate organic matter composition in coastal systems: Forcing of spatio-temporal variability at multi-systems scale - Liénart, Camilla; Savoye, Nicolas; David, Valérie; Ramond, Pierre; Rodriguez Tress, Paco; Hanquiez, Vincent; Marieu, Vincent; Aubert, Fabien; Aubin, Sébastien; Bichon, Sabrina; Boinet, Christophe; Bourasseau, Line; et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2018)

Eel Kisspeptins: identification, functional activity, and inhibition on both pituitary LH and GnRH receptor expression - Pasquier, J; Anne-Gaelle Lafont; Florian, D; Lefranc, B; Dubessy, C; Moreno-Herrera, A; Vaudry, H; Leprince, J; Sylvie Dufour; Karine Rousseau (Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2018)
The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) presents a blockade of sexual maturation at a prepubertal stage due to a deficient production of gonadotropins. We previously initiated, in the eel, the investigation of the kisspeptin system, one of the major gatekeepers of puberty in mammals, and we predicted the sequence of two Kiss genes. In the present study, we cloned and sequenced Kiss1 and Kiss2 cDNAs from the eel brain. The tissue distributions of Kiss1 and Kiss2 transcripts, as investigated by quantitative real-time PCR, showed that both genes are primarily expressed in the eel brain and pituitary. The two 10-residue long sequences characteristic of kisspeptin, eel Kp1(10) and Kp2(10), as well as two longer sequences, predicted as mature peptides, eel Kp1(15) and Kp2(12), were synthesized and functionally analyzed. Using rat Kiss1 receptor-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells, we found that the four synthesized eel peptides were able to induce [Ca2+]i responses, indicating their ability to bind mammalian KissR-1 and to activate second messenger pathways. In primary culture of eel pituitary cells, all four peptides were able to specifically and dose-dependently inhibit lhβ expression, without any effect on fshβ, confirming our previous data with heterologous kisspeptins. Furthermore, in this eel in vitro system, all four peptides inhibited the expression of the type 2 GnRH receptor (gnrh-r2). Our data revealed a dual inhibitory effect of homologous kisspeptins on both pituitary lhβ and gnrh-r2 expression in the European eel.

Effect of CO2–induced ocean acidification on the early development and shell mineralization of the European abalone (Haliotis tuberculata) - Nathalie Wessel; Sophie Martin; Badou, Aicha; Philippe Dubois; Sylvain Huchette; Vivien Julia; Flavia Nunes; Ewan Harney; Christine Paillard; Stéphanie Auzoux-Bordenave (Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2018)
Ocean acidification is a major global stressor that leads to substantial changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, with potentially significant consequences for calcifying organisms. Marine shelled mollusks are ecologically and economically important species providing essential ecosystem services and food sources for other species. Because they use calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to produce their shells, mollusks are among the most vulnerable invertebrates to ocean acidification, with early developmental stages being particularly sensitive to pH changes. This study investigated the effects of CO2-induced ocean acidification on larval development of the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, a commercially important gastropod species. Abalone larvae were exposed to a range of reduced pHs (8.0, 7.7 and 7.6) over the course of their development cycle, from early-hatched trochophore to pre-metamorphic veliger. Biological responses were evaluated by measuring the survival rate, morphology and development, growth rate and shell calcification. Larval survival was significantly lower in acidified conditions than in control conditions. Similarly, larval size was consistently smaller under low pH conditions. Larval development was also affected, with evidence of a developmental delay and an increase in the proportion of malformed or unshelled larvae. In shelled larvae, the intensity of birefringence decreased under low pH conditions, suggesting a reduction in shell mineralization. Since these biological effects were observed for pH values expected by 2100, ocean acidification may have potentially negative consequences for larval recruitment and persistence of abalone populations in the near future.
Keywords: Abalone; larval development; Ocean acidification; Shell mineralization

The effect of dietary DHA and taurine on rotifer capture success, growth, survival and vision in the larvae of Atlantic bluefin tuna ( Thunnus thynnus ) - Koven, W.; Nixon, O.; Allon, G.; Gaon, A.; El Sadin, S.; Jack Falcon; Besseau, L.; Escande, M.; Vassallo Agius, R.; Gordin, H.; Tandler, A. (Aquaculture, 2018)

Effect of sediment, salinity, and velocity on the behavior of juvenile winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) - Provencher, T; Frédéric Olivier; Audet, C; Réjean Tremblay (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2018)
Winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) is a benthic flatfish that is economically important for recreational and commercial fishing in North America. In the last twenty years, the species has undergone a drastic decline, mainly due to anthropic influence. The goal of this study was to gain knowledge on habitat preferences and behavior of juvenile winter flounder to improve the management of natural stocks and optimize release sites of juveniles produced for stock enhancement. Three abiotic factors (sediment, current, and salinity) potentially influencing the distribution of flatfish species were tested in a recircurlating flume with juvenile winter flounder. Time budgets of observed behaviors including swimming, orientation, and burying capacity were analyzed. Sediment texture was the only factor that significantly influenced the burying behavior of winter flounder juveniles; shear velocity, salinity, and sediment had no effect on the orientation of juveniles.
Keywords: Current; salinity; Sediment; Swimming behavior; Winter flounder

Egg-Laying in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis - Céline Zatylny-Gaudin; Joël Henry (Biological Resources of Water, 2018)

Electron requirements for carbon incorporation along a diel light cycle in three marine diatom species - Morelle, Jérôme; Pascal Claquin (Photosynthesis Research, 2018)
Diatoms account for about 40% of primary production in highly productive ecosystems. The development of a new generation of fluorometers has made it possible to improve estimation of the electron transport rate from photosystem II, which, when coupled with the carbon incorporation rate enables estimation of the electrons required for carbon fixation. The aim of this study was to investigate the daily dynamics of these electron requirements as a function of the diel light cycle in three relevant diatom species and to apprehend if the method of estimating the electron transport rate can lead to different pictures of the dynamics. The results confirmed the species-dependent capacity for photoacclimation under increasing light levels. Despite daily variations in the photosynthetic parameters, the results of this study underline the low daily variability of the electron requirements estimated using functional absorption of the photosystem II compared to an estimation based on a specific absorption cross section of chlorophyll a. The stability of the electron requirements throughout the day would suggest it is potentially possible to estimate high-frequency primary production by using autonomous variable fluorescence measurements from ships-of-opportunity or moorings, without taking potential daily variation in this parameter into consideration, but this result has to be confirmed on natural phytoplankton assemblages. The results obtained in this study confirm the low electron requirements of diatoms to perform photosynthesis, and suggest a potential additional source of energy for carbon fixation, as recently described in the literature for this class.

Emergence of a cholecystokinin/sulfakinin signalling system in Lophotrochozoa - Julie Schwartz; Marie-Pierre Dubos; Jeremy Pasquier; Céline Zatylny-Gaudin; Pascal Favrel (Scientific Reports, 2018)
Chordate gastrin/cholecystokinin (G/CCK) and ecdysozoan sulfakinin (SK) signalling systems represent divergent evolutionary scenarios of a common ancestral signalling system. The present article investigates for the first time the evolution of the CCK/SK signalling system in a member of the Lophotrochozoa, the second clade of protostome animals. We identified two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) in the oyster Crassostrea gigas (Mollusca), phylogenetically related to chordate CCK receptors (CCKR) and to ecdysozoan sulfakinin receptors (SKR). These receptors, Cragi-CCKR1 and Cragi-CCKR2, were characterised functionally using a cell-based assay. We identified di- and mono-sulphated forms of oyster Cragi-CCK1 (pEGAWDY(SO3H)DY(SO3H)GLGGGRF-NH2) as the potent endogenous agonists for these receptors. The Cragi-CCK genes were expressed in the visceral ganglia of the nervous system. The Cragi-CCKR1 gene was expressed in a variety of tissues, while Cragi-CCKR2 gene expression was more restricted to nervous tissues. An in vitro bioassay revealed that different forms of Cragi-CCK1 decreased the frequency of the spontaneous contractions of oyster hindgut. Expression analyses in oysters with contrasted nutritional statuses or in the course of their reproductive cycle highlighted the plausible role of Cragi-CCK signalling in the regulation of feeding and its possible involvement in the coordination of nutrition and energy storage in the gonad. This study confirms the early origin of the CCK/SK signalling system from the common bilaterian ancestor and delivers new insights into its structural and functional evolution in the lophotrochozoan lineage.

First demographic insights on historically harvested and poorly known male sperm whale populations off the Crozet and Kerguelen Islands (Southern Ocean) - Labadie, Guillemette; Tixier, Paul; Barbraud, Christophe; Fay, Rémi; Nicolas Gasco; Guy Duhamel; Guinet, Christophe (Marine Mammal Science, 2018)

First evaluation of the cookie-cutter sharks (Isistius sp.) predation pattern on different cetacean species in Martinique - Feunteun, A.; de Schrevel, C.; Verhaegen, M.; Chevallier, D.; Duchemin, M.; Ziani, N.; de Montgolfier, B. (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2018)

Fish fauna survey on the Upper Maroni (French Guyana) between 2000 and 2002 with some ecological considerations - Fermon, Y; Fossati, O; Meunier, Francois J. (Cybium, 2018)

Freshwater acidification: an example of an endangered crayfish species sensitive to pH - David Beaune; Yann Sellier; Gilles Luquet; Frédéric Grandjean (Hydrobiologia, 2018)
Carbon dioxide released in the atmosphere and dissolved in water leads to acidification. Relatively few studies have focused on fresh waters, where biocalcifying species are more readily impacted by changes in pH. Sensitivity to pH of an endangered calcium-demanding organism, the crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes, was investigated in the Pinail nature reserve, a natural system with 3000 permanent ponds, some inhabited by the crayfish and others not, originally due to human introduction. From the 14 chemical parameters measured in this study, the main limiting factor preventing crayfish establishment appears to be water acidity (pH\ 6.8), which affects calcification, molting, growth and reproduction. We predict that 20% of the Pinail populations will disappear by 2060 due to freshwater acidification with the present level of fossil fuel consumption.

Future intensification of summer hypoxia in the tidal Garonne River (SW France) simulated by a coupled hydro sedimentary-biogeochemical model - Katixa Lajaunie-Salla; Aldo Sottolichio; Sabine Schmidt; Xavier Litrico; Guillaume Binet; Gwenaël Abril (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018)

Genetic and morphological discrimination of three species of ninespined stickleback Pungitius spp. (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae) in France with the revalidation of Pungitius vulgaris (Mauduyt, 1848) - Denys, Gaël; Persat, Henri; Dettai, Agnès; Geiger Mathias; Freyhof, J; Fesquet, J; Philippe Keith (J Zool Syst Evol Res, 2018)
The taxonomy of French ninespined sticklebacks (Pungitius spp.) has long been controversial. To clarify the taxonomy in this group, we use mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear  (RNF213) sequence markers, as well as morphological data. In France, both genetic markers discriminate three evolutionary lineages. Morphological analysis on fresh and type specimens supports the different lineages and the existence of three species in France. Pungitius pungitius, occurring in the North of France and Rhone basin, is characterized by specimens longer than 35 mm SL, by a flat head with a straight or slightly concave snout, typically 9–10 dorsal spines, 10–11 dorsal soft rays, 9–10 anal soft rays, 0–12 scutes on the caudal peduncle with a keel reaching the last anal-fin ray, longer pelvic fin, post-dorsal and caudal peduncle lengths, and a slim caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle depth/ length 11.8%–21.9%). Pungitius laevis, occurring in France, in the English Channel basins and Loire drainage, differs from the other species by a head rounded with concave snout in specimens longer than 35 mm SL, accentuating the impression of fleshy lips, 0–4 scutes on the caudal peduncle and a higher caudal peduncle depth/length ratio (15.7%– 34.5%). Finally, Pungitius vulgaris, endemic to the Vienne River and rivers of south-western France as far north as the Garonne estuary, is differentiated by a rounded head with a straight or slightly convex snout, the absence of scutes on the caudal peduncle and by having 11 pectoral-fin rays. Our data confirm the existence of a hybridization zone in the North of France between P. pungitius and P. laevis. As a result, Pungitius lotharingus is invalid, as it was described based on hybrid specimens. A lectotype for P. laevis was designated because the syntypes included hybrids. This revision provides new perspectives for evolutionary biology studies and will have consequences for Pungitius conservation in France.
Keywords: France; Integrative taxonomy; mitochondrial DNA COI; Pungitius; RNF213

Gill chamber and gut microbial communities of the hydrothermal shrimp Rimicaris chacei Williams and Rona 1986: A possible symbiosis - Apremont, Vincent; Cambon-Bonavita, Marie-Anne; Cueff-Gauchard, Valérie; François, David; Pradillon, Florence; Laure Corbari; Magali Zbinden (PLOS ONE, 2018)
Rimicaris chacei Williams and Rona 1986, formerly named as Chorocaris chacei, is a caridean shrimp living in deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystems. This shrimp is endemic to the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) and lives at the periphery of aggregates of its well-known congeneric R. exoculata Williams and Rona 1986. Contrasting with the very dense and mobile clusters formed by R. exoculata, R. chacei lives in small groups of several individuals that are not very mobile. Although devoid of the characteristic hypertrophied cephalothorax of R. exoculata, which harbors the ectosymbionts, a microbial community has also been reported in the cephalothorax of R. chacei. Previous data on morphology, behavior and isotopic values indicate a diet based on a combination of feeding on its epibiotic bacteria and scavenging or occasional predation. In this study, our objective was to describe, for the first time, the distribution, morphology and phylogeny of the microbial communities associated with R. chacei. This species is significantly less studied than R. exoculata, but nevertheless represents the only other known example of symbiosis in crustaceans of MAR hydrothermal vent sites. Microbial communities have been observed at the same locations as in R. exoculata (mouthparts, branchiostegites and digestive tract). However, in R. chacei, the surfaces occupied by the bacteria are smaller. The main lineages are affiliated to Epsilon and Gammaproteobacteria in the cephalothorax and to Deferribacteres, Mollicutes, Epsilon and Gammaproteobacteria in the digestive tract. Comparison with the well-described bacterial communities of R. exoculata and hypotheses about the role of these communities in R. chacei are discussed.

The histological structure of teeth in the northern wolffish Anarhichas denticulatus (Teleostei: Perciformes: Anarhichadidae) - Meunier, Francois J.; Germain, Damien (Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 2018)

Histological study of the jaw teeth in the Devonian actinopterygian †Cheirolepis canadensis (Whiteaves) - Meunier, Francois J.; Otero, Olga; Laurin, Michel (Cybium, 2018)

A histological study of the lingual molariform teeth in Hyperopisus bebe (Mormyridae; Osteoglossomorpha) - Meunier, Francois J.; Germain, Damien; Otero, Olga (Cybium, 2018)

Histology of the endothermic opah (Lampris sp.) suggests a new structure function relationship in teleost fish bone - Davesne, Donald; Meunier, Francois J.; Friedman, Matt; Benson, Roger B. J.; Otero, Olga (Biology Letters, 2018)
Endothermy, production and retention of heat by the body, appeared convergently in mammals, birds and four spiny-rayed teleost fish lineages. Of these, red-muscle endothermy over most or all of the body has only appeared in two groups: tunas and the opah (Lampris). Hitherto, tunas have been the only spiny-rayed fishes known to have bones containing embedded osteocyte cells; others have acellular bone. We examined bone histology in Lampris for the first time, demonstrating the presence of cellular bone very similar to that of tunas. This contrasts with the acellular condition of its ectothermic close relatives. The distribution of this character suggests that it co-evolved with red-muscle endothermy, hinting at a common physiological mechanism that would link bone histology to endothermy in these distantly related teleost lineages.

History of ecology - Egerton, F.N.; Nathalie Niquil; Martins, I. (Encyclopedia of Ecology, 2018)
Ernst Haeckel coined the word “oecology” in 1866 for a new science, but relevant observations and ideas had already been accumulating since the ancient Greeks. The balance of nature was the first ecological idea; Carl Linnaeus expanded it beyond animals to include plants and named it Oeconomia Naturae. Specialized sciences began to emerge in the early 1800s; among the earliest was phytogeography, founded by Alexander von Humboldt. Evolutionary theories by Lamarck and Charles Darwin were relevant to ecological ideas, since Lamarck thought species evolve rather than become extinct; Darwin saw competition as a cause of extinction. The roots of the main ecological specializations-plant ecology, animal ecology, limnology, and marine ecology-emerged in the 1800s, and limnology and plant ecology became organized by the 1890s. These four specializations were developed throughout the 1900s, as were new ones-primarily population ecology and ecosystem ecology. Ecological societies and journals came to the fore in the 1900s, as did institutions and specialized schools in various universities. Biogeochemistry arose in Russia (the USSR) in the early 1900s, and the Gaia theory arose in 1972. After the Second World War, environmentalism became important in all countries, and ecologists were needed as consultants. The International Biological Program (1964-74) produced many publications on ecosystems throughout the world. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

How do fishing practices influence sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) depredation on demersal longline fisheries? - Janc, Anaïs; Richard, Gaëtan; Guinet, Christophe; Arnould, John P.Y.; Villanueva, Maria Ching; Guy Duhamel; Nicolas Gasco; Tixier, Paul (Fisheries Research, 2018)

Hydro-ecological controls on dissolved carbon dynamics in groundwater and export to streams in a temperate pine forest - Loris Deirmendjian; Denis Loustau; Laurent Augusto; Sébastien Lafont; Christophe Chipeaux; Dominique Poirier; Gwenaël Abril (Biogeosciences, 2018)

Hydro-ecological controls on dissolved carbon dynamics in groundwater and export to streams in a temperate pine forest - Loris Deirmendjian; Denis Loustau; Laurent Augusto; Sébastien Lafont; Christophe Chipeaux; Dominique Poirier; Gwenaël Abril (Biogeosciences, 2018)

Identification of a moronecidin-like antimicrobial peptide in the venomous fish Pterois volitans: Functional and structural study of pteroicidin-α. - Houyvet, Baptiste; Yolande Bouchon-Navaro; Bouchon, Claude; Goux, Didier; Bernay, Benoît; Corre, Erwan; Céline Zatylny-Gaudin (Fish and shellfish Immunology, 2018)
The present study characterizes for the first time an antimicrobial peptide in lionfish (Pterois volitans), a venomous fish. Using a peptidomic approach, we identified a mature piscidin in lionfish and called it pteroicidin-α. We detected an amidated form (pteroicidin-α- CONH2) and a non-amidated form (pteroicidin-α-COOH), and then performed their functional and structural study. Interestingly, the two peptides displayed different antibacterial and hemolytic activity levels. Pteroicidin-α-CONH2 was bactericidal on human pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, as well as on the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida, while pteroicidin-α-COOH only inhibited their growth. Furthermore, the two peptides induced hemolysis of red blood cells from different vertebrates, namely humans, sea bass and lesser-spotted dogfish. Hemolysis occurred with low concentrations of pteroicidin-α-CONH2, indicating greater toxicity of the amidated form. Circular dichroism analysis showed that both peptides adopted a helical conformation, yet with a greater α-helix content in pteroicidin-α-CONH2. Overall, these results suggest that amidation strongly influences pteroicidin-α by modifying its structure and its physico-chemical characteristics and by increasing its hemolytic activity

Identification of marine key areas across the Caribbean to ensure the conservation of the critically endangered hawksbill turtle - Nivière, Manon; Chambault, Philippine; Pérez, Thierry; Etienne, Denis; Bonola, Marc; Martin, Jordan; Barnerias, Cyrille; Vedie, Fabien; Mailles, Julien; Dumont-Dayot, Émilie; Gresser, Julie; Hielard, Gaëlle; et al. (Biological Conservation, 2018)

Immunohistochemical Approach to Understanding the Organization of the Olfactory System in the Cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis - Scaros, Alexia T.; Croll, Roger P.; Sébastien Baratte (ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 2018)

Insights from modeling studies on how climate change affects invasive alien species geography - Bellard, Céline; Jeschke, Jonathan M; Leroy, Boris; Mace, Georgina M (Ecology and Evolution, 2018)
Climate change and biological invasions are threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services worldwide. It has now been widely acknowledged that climate change will affect biological invasions. A large number of studies have investigated predicted shifts and other changes in the geographic ranges of invasive alien species related to climate change using modeling approaches. Yet these studies have provided contradictory evidence, and no consensus has been reached. We conducted a systematic review of 423 modeling case studies included in 71 publications that have examined the predicted effects of climate change on those species. We differentiate the approaches used in these studies and synthesize their main results. Our results reaffirm the major role of climate change as a driver of invasive alien species distribution in the future. We found biases in the literature both regarding the taxa, toward plants and invertebrates, and the areas of the planet investigated. Despite these biases, we found for the plants and vertebrates studied that climate change will more frequently contribute to a decrease in species range size than an increase in the overall area occupied. This is largely due to oceans preventing terrestrial invaders from spreading poleward. In contrast, we found that the ranges of invertebrates and pathogens studied are more likely to increase following climate change. An important caveat to these findings is that researchers have rarely considered the effects of climate change on transport, introduction success, or the resulting impacts. We recommend closing these research gaps, and propose additional avenues for future investigations, as well as opportunities and challenges for managing invasions under climate change.

Insights from modeling studies on how climate change affects invasive alien species geography - Bellard, Céline; Jeschke, Jonathan M.; Leroy, Boris; Mace, Georgina M. (Ecology and Evolution, 2018)

Integrative taxonomy helps separate four species of freshwater shrimps commonly overlooked as Caridina longirostris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in Indo-West Pacific islands. - de Mazancourt, Valentin; Marquet, Gérard; Klotz, Werner; Philippe Keith (Invertebrate systematics, 2018)
Caridina longirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837 described from specimens supposedly from La Macta River near Oran, Algeria, is an emblematic species of the ‘C. nilotica complex’. Until now this species was thought to have a wide distribution in the Indo-Pacific region. Recently, numerous specimens identified as C. longirostris were collected from various Indo-West Pacific localities. In the context of integrative taxonomy, both old and newly collected specimens were morphologically and genetically studied. Four species allied to C. longirostris are here identified: C. appendiculata Jalihal & Shenoy, 1998, C. brevidactyla Roux, 1920, C. gracilipes De Man, 1892 and C. meridionalis Roux, 1926. Detailed re-descriptions of these four species are given as well as their geographical and ecological distributions. Caridina nilotica var. brevidactyla is revalidated as the species C. brevidactyla, and C. coulaborensis Richard&Clark, 2014, C. fritzi Richard & Clark, 2014 and C. solamulieres Richard & Clark, 2014 are considered junior synonyms of C. meridionalis. The position of these species in the troublesome ‘C. nilotica complex’ is clarified and some species are synonymised. A key is provided to facilitate identification.
Keywords: 16S rRNA; Indo-Pacific region; morphology

Interplay between abiotic factors and species assemblages mediated by the ecosystem engineer Sabellaria alveolata (Annelida: Polychaeta) - Auriane Jones; Stanislas Dubois; Nicolas Desroy; Jérôme Fournier (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2018)
Sabellaria alveolata is a gregarious polychaete that uses sand particles to build three-dimensional structures known as reefs, fixed atop rocks or built on soft sediments. These structures are known to modify the local grain-size distribution and to host a highly diversified macrofauna, altered when the reef undergoes disturbances. The goal of this study was to investigate the different sedimentary and biological changes associated with the presence of a S. alveolata reef over two contrasting seasons (late winter and late summer), and how these changes were linked. Three different sediments were considered: the engineered sediment (the actual reef), the associated sediment (the soft sediment surrounding the reef structures) and a control soft sediment (i.e. no reef structures in close proximity). Univariate and multivariate comparisons of grain-size distribution, soft sediment characteristics (organic matter content, chlorophyll a, pheopigments and carbohydrate concentrations) and macrofauna were conducted between the different sediment types at both seasons and between the two seasons for each sediment type. A distance-based redundancy analyses (dbRDA) was used to investigate the link between the different environmental parameters and the macrofauna assemblages. Finally, we focused on a disturbance continuum of the engineered sediments proxied by an increase in the mud present in these sediments. The effects of a continuous and increasing disturbance on the associated fauna were investigated using pairwise beta diversity indices (Sørensen and Bray-Curtis dissimilarities and their decomposition into turnover and nestedness). Results showed a significant effect of the reef on the local sediment distribution (coarser sediments compared to the control) and on the benthic primary production (higher in the associated sediments). At both seasons, S. alveolata biomass and sediment principal mode were the environmental parameters which best differentiated the engineered, associated and control sediment assemblages. These two parameters are under the ecosystem engineer's influence stressing its importance in structuring benthic macrofauna. Furthermore, in late summer but not in late winter, presence/absence and abundance based beta diversity were positively correlated to our disturbance proxy (mud content) a tendency driven by a species replacement and a rise in the associated fauna density. Our first set of results highlight the importance of S. alveolata reefs as benthic primary production enhancers via their physical structure and their biological activity. The results obtained using beta diversity indices emphasize the importance of recruitment in structuring the reef's macrofauna and – paradoxically – the ecological value of S. alveolata degraded forms as biodiversity and recruitment promoters.

Invasive Aquatic Plants as Ecosystem Engineers in an Oligo-Mesotrophic Shallow Lake - Cristina Ribaudo; Juliette Tison-Rosebery; Damien Buquet; Gwilherm Jan; Aurélien Jamoneau; Gwenaël Abril; Pierre Anschutz; Vincent Bertrin (Frontiers in Plant Science, 2018)

Latitudinal Patterns in European Seagrass Carbon Reserves: Influence of Seasonal Fluctuations versus Short-Term Stress and Disturbance Events - L.M. Soissons; E.P. Haanstra; M.M. van Katwijk; R. Asmus; I. Auby; L. Barillé; F.G. Brun; P.G. Cardoso; Nicolas Desroy; Jérôme Fournier; F. Ganthy; J.M. Garmendia; et al. (Frontiers in Plant Science, 2018)
Seagrass meadows form highly productive and valuable ecosystems in the marine environment. Throughout the year, seagrass meadows are exposed to abiotic and biotic variations linked to (i) seasonal fluctuations, (ii) short-term stress events such as, e.g., local nutrient enrichment, and (iii) small-scale disturbances such as, e.g., biomass removal by grazing. We hypothesized that short-term stress events and smallscale disturbances may affect seagrass chance for survival in temperate latitudes. To test this hypothesis we focused on seagrass carbon reserves in the form of starch stored seasonally in rhizomes, as these have been defined as a good indicator for winter survival. Twelve Zostera noltei meadows were monitored along a latitudinal gradient in Western Europe to firstly assess the seasonal change of their rhizomal starch content. Secondly, we tested the effects of nutrient enrichment and/or biomass removal on the corresponding starch content by using a short-term manipulative field experiment at a single latitude in the Netherlands. At the end of the growing season, we observed a weak but significant linear increase of starch content along the latitudinal gradient from south to north. This agrees with the contention that such reserves are essential for regrowth after winter, which is more severe in the north. In addition, we also observed a weak but significant positive relationship between starch content at the beginning of the growing season and past winter temperatures. This implies a lower regrowth potential after severe winters, due to diminished starch content at the beginning of the growing season. Short-term stress and disturbances may intensify these patterns, because our manipulative experiments show that when nutrient enrichment and biomass loss co-occurred at the end of the growing season, Z. noltei starch content declined. In temperate zones, the capacity of seagrasses to accumulate carbon reserves is expected to determine carbon-based regrowth after winter. Therefore, processes affecting those reserves might affect seagrass resilience. With increasing human pressure on coastal systems, short- and small-scale stress events are expected to become more frequent, threatening the resilience of seagrass ecosystems, particularly at higher latitudes, where populations tend to have an annual cycle highly dependent on their storage capacity.

Life history and morphology of Eel Larvae in the Gulf of Guinea of western Africa: revisiting Jacques Blache’s research (1960–1977) 40 years later - Miller, Michael J; Robinet, Tony (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2018)

Marine biodiversity and the chessboard of life - Grégory Beaugrand; Christophe Luczak; Goberville, Eric; Richard R Kirby (PLoS ONE, 2018)
© 2018 Beaugrand et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Species richness is greater in places where the number of potential niches is high. Consequently, the niche may be fundamental for understanding the arrangement of life and especially, the establishment and maintenance of the well-known Latitudinal Biodiversity Gradient (LBG). However, not all potential niches may be occupied fully in a habitat, as measured by niche vacancy/saturation. Here, we theoretically reconstruct oceanic biodiversity and analyse modeled and observed data together to examine patterns in niche saturation (i.e. the ratio between observed and theoretical biodiversity of a given taxon) for several taxonomic groups. Our results led us to hypothesize that the arrangement of marine life is constrained by the distribution of the maximal number of species' niches available, which represents a fundamental mathematical limit to the number of species that can co-exist locally. We liken this arrangement to a type of chessboard where each square on the board is a geographic area, itself comprising a distinct number of sub-squares (species' niches). Each sub-square on the chessboard can accept a unique species of a given ecological guild, whose occurrence is determined by speciation/extinction. Because of the interaction between the thermal niche and changes in temperature, our study shows that the chessboard has more sub-squares at mid-latitudes and we suggest that many clades should exhibit a LBG because their probability of emergence should be higher in the tropics where more niches are available. Our work reveals that each taxonomic group has its own unique chessboard and that global niche saturation increases when organismal complexity decreases. As a result, the mathematical influence of the chessboard is likely to be more prominent for taxonomic groups with low (e.g. plankton) than great (e.g. mammals) biocomplexity. Our study therefore reveals the complex interplay between a fundamental mathematical constraint on biodiversity resulting from the interaction between the species' ecological niche and fluctuations in the environmental regime (here, temperature), which has a predictable component and a stochastic-like biological influence (diversification rates, origination and clade age) that may alter or blur the former.

Marine sublittoral benthos fails to track temperature in response to climate change in a biogeographical transition zone - François Gaudin; Nicolas Desroy; Stanislas Dubois; Caroline Broudin; Louis Cabioch; Jérôme Fournier; Franck Gentil; Jacques Grall; Céline Houbin; Patrick Le Mao; Eric Thiébaut (ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2018)
Species ranges are shifting globally to track temperature changes in response to climate warming, with substantial variability among taxa. In the English Channel, a biogeographical transition zone between the cold temperate and warm temperate provinces of the North-East Atlantic, distribution shifts have been relatively well documented for plankton, fish and intertidal benthic organisms, but little information is available on sublittoral benthos. Following a description of the magnitude of the sea bottom temperature (SBT) rise, the changes in the distribution and occupancy of 65 benthic invertebrate species were analysed by comparing data collected throughout the English Channel at more than 200 stations sampled during a cool period in the 1960s–1970s and at present in 2012–2014. A non-uniform rise in SBT for the last three decades was observed at the regional scale, varying from 0.07 to 0.54C per decade. This rise differs from that reported for sea surface temperature (SST) in stratified areas suggesting that SBT should be used rather than SST to analyse responses of subtidal organisms to climate change. Despite shifts in both minimum and maximum sea bottom isotherms (2.5 and 3.2 km.year1, respectively), the distribution centroid shift of most species remained <1.0 km.year1, regardless of the average temperatures they usually experience. Conversely, decreases were observed in the occurrence of most cold-water species and increases were found in the occurrence of most warm-water species. These results suggest that ongoing climate change could lead to a decrease in benthic biodiversity at range limits, especially where connection routes are lacking for new migrants.

Metabarcoding by Capture using a Single COI Probe (MCSP) to identify and quantify fish species in plankton swarms - Mariac, Cédric; Vigouroux, Y.; Fabrice Duponchelle; García-Dávila, C; Nuñez L.; Desmarais, E; Renno, Jean-Francois (PLoS ONE, 2018)
The ability to determine the composition and relative frequencies of fish species in large ichthyoplankton swarms could have extremely important ecological applications However, this task is currently hampered by methodological limitations. We proposed a new method for Amazonian species based on hybridization capture of the COI gene DNA from a distant species (Danio rerio), absent from our study area (the Amazon basin). The COI sequence of this species is approximately equidistant from all COI of Amazonian species available. By using this sequence as probe we successfully facilitated the simultaneous identification of fish larvae belonging to the order Siluriformes and to the Characiformes represented in our ichthyoplankton samples. Species relative frequencies, estimated by the number of reads, showed almost perfect correlations with true frequencies estimated by a Sanger approach, allowing the development of a quantitative approach. We also proposed a further improvement to a previous protocol, which enables lowering the sequencing effort by 40 times. This new Metabarcoding by Capture using a Single Probe (MCSP) methodology could have important implications for ecology, fisheries management and conservation in fish biodiversity hotspots worldwide. Our approach could easily be extended to other plant and animal taxa.

Metabarcoding by capture using a single COI probe (MCSP) to identify and quantify fish species in ichthyoplankton swarms - Mariac, C.; Vigouroux, Y.; Duponchelle, F.; García-Dávila, C; Jesus Nuñez-Rodriguez; Desmarais, E.; Renno, J.F. (PLOS ONE, 2018)

Microbial parasites make cyanobacteria blooms less of a trophic dead-end than commonly assumed - Haraldsson, Matilda; Mélanie Gerphagnon; Bazin, Pauline; Samuele Tecchio; Télésphore Sime-Ngando; Nathalie Niquil (The ISME Journal, 2018)
Les parasites sont présents dans tous les écosystèmes et peuvent être à l’origine de changements dans la structure et le fonctionnement des réseaux trophiques. Cependant, à ce jour, nos connaissances concernant les effets des parasites sur la dynamique des réseaux trophiques restent limitées. Dans cette étude, nous analysons le rôle de parasites microbiens (virus de bactéries, phytoplancton et cyanobactéries, et des chitrides parasites des cyanobactéries) sur le transfert d’énergie et le fonctionnement du réseau trophique au cours d’un bloom de cyanobactérie à l’aide d’un modèle d’Analyse Inverse Linéaire. Cette modélisation a permis de mettre en évidence l’importance du broutage sur les bactéries hétérotrophes à travers la voie microbienne (DOC -> bactéries -> consommateurs), ainsi que la dépendance des consommateurs vis à vis des bactéries notamment pendant les blooms de cyanobactéries. Au fur et à mesure que les bactéries deviennent la principale source d'énergie des consommateurs, le système adopte une structure plus complexe, en réseau, s’accompagnant d’une augmentation de l’omnivorie du système. Cette dernière pourrait être à l’origine d’une augmentation de la capacité du système à résister à l’efflorescence des cyanobactéries. Finalement, nous avons également mis en évidence les effets de la destruction des cellules hôtes des cyanobactéries par les chitrides sur la dynamique du réseau trophique. En effet, cette dernière faciliterait le broutage des cyanobactéries et offrirait des voies alternatives aux consommateurs, ce qui augmenteraient la stabilité du système.   Parasites exist in every ecosystem and can have large influence on food-web structure and function, yet, we know little about parasites’ effect on food-web dynamics. Here we investigate the role of microbial parasitism (viruses of bacteria, phytoplankton and cyanobacteria, and parasitic chytrids on cyanobacteria) on the dynamics of trophic pathways and food-web functioning during a cyanobacteria bloom, using linear inverse food-web modeling parameterized with a 2-month long dataset (biomasses, infection parameters, etc.). We show the importance of grazing on heterotrophic bacteria (the microbial pathway: DOC -> bacteria -> consumer) and how consumers depended on bacteria during peak-cyanobacteria bloom, which abundance was partly driven by the viral activity. As bacteria become the main energy pathway to the consumers, the system takes a more web-like structure through increased omnivory, and may thereby facilitate the system’s persistence to the cyanobacteria outbreak. We also showed how the killing of cyanobacteria host-cells by chytrids had important impact on the food-web dynamics by facilitating grazing on the cyanobacteria, and by offering alternative pathways to the consumers. This seemed to increase the system’s ability to return to a mix of trophic pathways, which theoretically increases the stability of the system.

Microhabitat characteristics of Stegastes planifrons and S. adustus territories - Charlotte R. Dromard; Bouchon-Navaro, Yolande; Cordonnier, Sébastien; Harmelin-Vivien, Mireille; Bouchon, Claude (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2018)

Microphytobenthic Biofilms: Composition and Interactions - Cédric Hubas; Passarelli, C; Paterson, David M (Mudflat Ecology, 2018)
Microphytobenthic biofilms in mudflats are characterised by a wide variety of microorganisms and the production of large quantities of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). In this chapter, the diversity of microphytobenthos (MPB) is reviewed and the complex interactions that take place in mudflat biofilms between microalgae and bacteria are discussed. Microbial interaction in natural biofilms is an emerging field of study in mudflat ecosystems. Although emphasis is placed on EPS and EPS-mediated interactions, because they have received most of the research attention, more direct interactions such as communication and defence are also discussed. Most studies to date have dealt with monospecific or multispecific laboratory biofilms, and environmental studies are still very rare. The development of this field of study in mudflat ecosystems is clearly a major requirement in our understanding of the functioning of mudflat biofilms.

Migration behaviour and escapement of European silver eels from a large lake and wetland system subject to water level management (Grand-Lieu Lake, France): New insights from regulated acoustic telemetry data - Thomas Trancart; Eric Feunteun; Danet, Valentin; Alexandre Carpentier; Mazel, Virgile; Charrier, Fabien; Druet, Morgan; Anthony Acou (Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 2018)
Current knowledge about the downstream migration of sexually mature European eels (Anguilla anguilla) remains incomplete, particularly in still water habitats such as lakes and wetlands subject to water level management. However, for the management of this endangered species, it is important to understand migration dynamics, and contribution to the breeding stock. This study aimed to assess the parameters that trigger and guide the migration of silver eels in the largest floodplain lake and associated wetlands in France (the sluice regulated Grand-Lieu Lake). A telemetry survey of 50 acoustic and PIT-tagged female silver eels was performed during the 2015–2016 migration period. We deployed a novel telemetric approach, using receivers to delimit several restricted virtual boxes to determine the instantaneous location of individuals and to transform simple discrete telemetric data into presence/absence data. The low numbers leaving the lake centre are probably explained by the lack of orienting water flows or other environmental clues, but whilst the fate of 34% (17/50) of the tagged eels is unknown, 18% (9/50) were caught by commercial fishermen. Modelling showed that detections were not clearly associated with environmental factors typically involved in riverine migrations (e.g. current velocity, atmospheric pressure and temperature) but they were particularly associated with higher and increasing water levels and, for eels exiting the lake, a sharp increase when sluice gates were opened to an effective gap of >75 cm. It is concluded that management of water levels and sluice gate opening during the migration period might aid escapement of silver eels.
Keywords: Anguilla anguilla; cues; silver eel migration; triggers

Mission POLARIS : Invertébrés antarctiques et réchauffement global - Stéphane Hourdez; Jérôme Fournier; Pierre Chevaldonné (Subaqua, 2018)

Mudflat Ecosystem Engineers and Services - Passarelli, C; Cédric Hubas; Paterson, David M (Mudflat Ecology, 2018)
Ecosystem engineers play a fundamental role in the creation, maintenance and transformation of habitats in tidal flats. Highly diverse in terms of size, phylogeny, and effect on their environment, they can facilitate or hinder a number of organisms, but generally have a positive influence on both the abundance and the diversity of mudflat organisms. The magnitude of the engineering effect is, however, largely dependent on the biotic and abiotic environment of the engineer. In particular, stressful habitats such as mudflats host a large number of ecosystem engineers; understanding interactions between them, and how they vary with abiotic variables, is therefore of crucial importance, to evaluate how ecosystem engineers affect benthic communities and ecosystem functioning. Such understanding will also help human populations which benefit from mudflat organisms and/or functioning (i.e. which derive ecosystem services from them), to maintain and manage the sustainably of tidal flats, in a way which maintains human health and well-being.

The nanos1 gene was duplicated in early Vertebrates and the two paralogs show different gonadal expression profiles in a shark - Gribouval, Laura; Pascal Sourdaine; Lareyre, Jean-Jacques; Bellaiche, Johanna; Le Gac, Florence; Mazan, Sylvie; Guiardiere, Cécile; Auvray, Pierrïck; Aude Gautier (Scientific Reports, 2018)

A new species of Schismatogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Halmahera (Indonesia) - Philippe Keith; Darhuddin, H.; Limmon, G; Hubert, N (Cybium, 2018)
Anew species of Schismatogobius, a freshwater goby, is described from Halmahera (Indonesia). It differs from other species belonging to the genus by a high percentage of genetic divergence in partial COIgene (652 bp) and by several characters, including the number of pectoral fin rays, the pattern of the ventral surface of the head, the pectoral fin colour pattern and the jaw length/head length ratio of male and female.
Keywords: Gobiidae; Halmahera; Indonesia; New species; Schismatogobius

Nutritional composition of suspended particulate matter in a tropical mangrove creek during a tidal cycle (Can Gio, Vietnam) - Frank David; Cyril Marchand; Pierre Taillardat; Thành-Nho, N; Tarik Meziane (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2018)

Optical Properties of Nanostructured Silica Structures From Marine Organisms - Mcheik, A; Cassaignon, S; Livage, J; Gibaud, A; Berthier, S; Pascal Jean Lopez (Frontiers in marine Science, 2018)
Light is important for the growth, behavior, and development of both phototrophic and autotrophic organisms. A large diversity of organisms used silica-based materials as internal and external structures. Nano-scaled well-organized silica biomaterials are characterized by a low refractive index and an extremely low absorption coefficient in the visible range, which make them interesting for optical studies. Recent studies on silica materials from glass sponges and diatoms, have pointed out very interesting optical properties, such as light waveguiding, diffraction, focusing, and photoluminescence. Light guiding and focusing have been shown to be coupled properties found in spicule of glass sponge or shells of diatoms. Moreover, most of these interesting studies have used purified biomaterials and the properties have addressed in non-aquatic environments, first in order to enhance the index contrast in the structure and second to enhance the spectral distribution. Although there is many evidences that silica biomaterials can present interesting optical properties that might be used for industrial purposes, it is important to emphases that the results were obtained from a few numbers of species. Due to the key roles of light for a large number of marine organisms, the development of experiments with living organisms along with field studies are require to better improve our understanding of the physiological and structural roles played by silica structures.
Keywords: biosilica; Diatoms; light-silica interaction; photonics materials; sponges

OZCAR: The French Network of Critical Zone Observatories - J. Gaillardet; I. Braud; F. Hankard; S. Anquetin; O. Bour; N. Dorfliger; J.R. de Dreuzy; S. Galle; C. Galy; S. Gogo; L. Gourcy; F. Habets; et al. (Vadose Zone Journal, 2018)

Paraglacial coasts responses to glacier retreat and associated shifts in river floodplains over decadal timescales (1966-2016), Kongsfjorden, Svalbard - Marine Bourriquen; Agnès Baltzer; Denis Mercier; Jérôme Fournier; Stéphane Costa; Erwan Roussel (Land Degradation and Development, 2018)
The aim of this paper is to quantify and map the impact of the post-LIA climate change on the coastal evolution on three glacier catchments in the Kongsfjorden area in Svalbard. Climatic data of the meteorological station of Ny-Ålesund indicate an increase in the annual mean air temperature of +4°C from 1969 to 2016 and an increase in precipitation. On the northern coast of the Brøgger Peninsula, the Austre Lovénbreen, Midtre Lovénbreen and Vestre Lovénbreen glaciers have experienced a net retreat in response to changing meteorological conditions. As a consequence of this retreat, the glaciers have disclosed a large area of 7 km² composed of terrigenous sediments which is reworked by runoff and forms coastal sandur deltas. Channel network behavior has been studied using the computation of the active floodplain width by photo-interpretation, which decreased in average from 1966 to 2010. This demonstrated a contraction of the active braided belt and a decrease in the amount of braided channels. A photo-interpretation analysis combined with acquisition of dGPS data during field work shows a mean shoreline progradation of + 0.16 m/y from 1966 to 2016, with a maximal advance of + 82 m seaward. Since 1966 coastal progradation has decreased in time with higher mean values at the beginning of the studied period and an erosional trend from 1990. The sublittoral area was studied using analog side scan sonar in 2009, 2011 and 2012. Three pro-deltas were identified and underwent an extension of 30,000 m² from 2009 to 2012. In the light of this knowledge, our main conclusion is that, by retreating, glaciers have an impact on the sediment availability and on the capacity of the fluvial system to effectively transport sediment to the shoreline. These two factors control the overall coastal evolution by regulating the sediment supply to the coastal area. The coastal zones that were fed with sediments by runoff have experienced a coastal progradation and those that lost this supply have undergone a coastal recession. Due to the contraction of proglacial floodplains, current progradation concerns restricted coastal areas.

Partial migration in inexperienced pied avocets Recurvirostra avosetta : distribution pattern and correlates - Chambon, Rémi; Dugravot, Sébastien; Paillisson, Jean-Marc; Lemesle, Jean-Christophe; Frédéric Ysnel; Gélinaud, Guillaume (Journal of Avian Biology, 2018)

Peces de consumo de la Amazonía Peruana - García-Dávila, C; Sanchez, H.; Flores, M; Mejia, J.; Angulo, C.; Castro-Ruiz, D.; Estivals, G.; Garcia, Aurea; Vargas, G.; Nolorbe, C.; Jesus Nuñez-Rodriguez; Mariac, Cédric; et al. (2018)

Photoperiodism in Fish - Jack Falcon; Zohar, Yonathan (Encyclopedia of Reproduction, 2018)

Phylogeography of Eleotris fusca (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Eleotridae) in the Indo-Pacific area reveals a cryptic species in the Indian Ocean. - Marion Mennesson; Céline Bonillo; Eric Feunteun; Philippe Keith (Conservation genetics, 2018)
Indo-Pacific insular freshwater systems are mainly dominated by amphidromous species. Eleotris fusca  is a widespread one, its life cycle is characterised by a marine pelagic larval phase allowing the species to disperse in the ocean and then to recruit to remote island rivers. In the present study, the population structure of E. fusca  over its Indo-Pacific distribution range (Western Indian Ocean to French Polynesia, Pacific Ocean) was evaluated. We analysed a section of mitochondrial COI  of 557 individuals sampled from 28 islands to visualise the population structure. Haplotypes diversity (Hd) was between 0.458 and 1 and, nucleotide diversity (π) was between 0.001 and 0.02. Two distinct genetic groups appeared, one in the Indian Ocean and the other in the Pacific Ocean (FST  mean = 0.901; 5.2% average divergence). Given these results, complete mitogenomes (mtDNA) were sequenced and combined with the nuclear Rhodopsin (Rh) gene for a subset of individuals. The two phylogenetic trees based on each analysis showed the same genetic pattern: two different groups belonging to the Indian and the Pacific oceans (6.6 and 1.6% of divergence for mtDNA and Rh gene respectively), which supported species level differentiation. These analyses revealed the presence of two sister species confounded until present under the name of Eleotris fusca. One of them is cryptic and endemic of the Indian Ocean and the other one is the true E. fusca, which keeps, nevertheless, its status of widespread species.
Keywords: Amphidromous; Complete mitogenome; freshwater fish; Nuclear gene

Plankton food-web functioning in anthropogenically impacted coastal waters (SW Mediterranean Sea): An ecological network analysis - Meddeb, M.; Grami, B.; Chaalali, A.; Haraldsson, M.; Nathalie Niquil; Pringault, O.; Sakka Hlaili, A. (Progress in Oceanography, 2018)
The study is the first attempt to (i) model spring food webs in three SW Mediterranean ecosystems which are under different anthropogenic pressures and (ii) to project the consequence of this stress on their function. Linear inverse models were built using the Monte Carlo method coupled with Markov Chains to characterize the food-web status of the Lagoon, the Channel (inshore waters under high eutrophication and chemical contamination) and the Bay of Bizerte (offshore waters under less anthropogenic pressure). Ecological network analysis was used for the description of structural and functional properties of each food web and for inter-ecosystem comparisons. Our results showed that more carbon was produced by phytoplankton in the inshore waters (966–1234 mg C m−2 d−1) compared to the Bay (727 mg C m−2 d−1). The total ecosystem carbon inputs into the three food webs was supported by high primary production, which was mainly due to >10 µm algae. However, the three carbon pathways were characterized by low detritivory and a high herbivory which was mainly assigned to protozooplankton. This latter was efficient in channelling biogenic carbon. In the Lagoon and the Channel, foods webs acted almost as a multivorous structure with a tendency towards herbivorous one, whereas in the Bay the herbivorous pathway was more dominant. Ecological indices revealed that the Lagoon and the Channel food webs/systems had high total system throughput and thus were more active than the Bay. The Bay food web, which had a high relative ascendency value, was more organized and specialized. This inter–ecosystem difference could be due to the varying levels of anthropogenic impact among sites. Indeed, the low value of Finn's cycling index indicated that the three systems are disturbed, but the Lagoon and the Channel, with low average path lengths, appeared to be more stressed, as both sites have undergone higher chemical pollution and nutrient loading. This study shows that ecosystem models combined with ecological indices provide a powerful approach to detect change in environmental status and anthropogenic impacts. © 2018
Keywords: Algae; anthropogenic effect; Anthropogenic impacts; Anthropogenic pressures; Bizerte; Bizerte Bay; Chemical analysis; Chemical contamination; coastal water; community structure; Ecological network analysis; Ecology; ecosystem function; ecosystem modeling; Ecosystems; eutrophication; food web; Food webs; Functional properties; Inverse problems; Lakes; Linear inverse models; Markov processes; Mediterranean coastal waters; Mediterranean ecosystem; Mediterranean sea; Monte Carlo methods; network analysis; Phytoplankton; Plankton; primary production; Tunisia; Zooplankton

Platichthys solemdali sp. nov. (Actinopterygii, Pleuronectiformes): A New Flounder Species From the Baltic SeaImage_1.tifTable_1.DOCX - Momigliano, Paolo; DENYS, Gaël P. J.; Jokinen, Henri; Merilä, Juha (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018)