Acute toxicity of 8 antidepressants: what are their modes of action? - Minguez, Laetitia; Farcy, E; Ballandonne, Céline; Lepailleur, Alban; Antoine Serpentini; Jean-Marc Lebel; Bureau, Ronan; Halm-Lemeille, Marie-Pierre (Chemosphere, 2014)
Currently, the hazard posed by pharmaceutical residues is a major concern of ecotoxicology. Most of the antidepressants belong to a family named the Cationic Amphipathic Drugs known to have specific interactions with cell membranes. The present study assessed the impact of eight antidepressants belonging to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors by the combination of multi-approaches (in vivo, in vitro, in silico) and gives some insights on the mode of action for these molecules. Antidepressants were from the most to the least toxic compound for Daphnia magna: Sertraline (EC50=1.15 mg L(-1))>Clomipramine (2.74 mg L(-1))>Amitriptyline (4.82 mg L(-1))>Fluoxetine (5.91 mg L(-1))>Paroxetine (6.24 mg L(-1))>Mianserine (7.81 mg L(-1))>Citalopram (30.14 mg L(-1)) and Venlafaxine (141.28 mg L(-1)). These acute toxicities were found correlated to Log Kow coefficients (R=0.93, p<0.001) and to cytotoxicity assessed on abalone hemocytes through the neutral red uptake assay (R=0.96, p<0.001). If narcosis as mode of action is typically expected during acute ecotoxicity bioassays, we showed by molecular modeling that particular interactions can exist between antidepressants and phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membranes, leading to a more specific mode of action corresponding to a potential acidic hydrolysis of ester functions.
Keywords: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Daphnia; Environmental Pollutants; Gastropoda; Hemocytes; Lysosomes; Models, Molecular; Phosphatidylcholines; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

Amazon River carbon dioxide outgassing fuelled by wetlands - Gwenaël Abril; Martinez, Jean Michel; Luis Felipe Artigas; Moreira-Turcq, Patricia; Marc F Benedetti; Vidal, Luciana; Tarik Meziane; Kim, Jung-Hyun; Bernardes, Marcelo C; Savoye, Nicolas; Deborde, Jonathan; Lima Souza, Edivaldo; et al. (Nature, 2014)

Amphidromy and marine larval phase of ancestral Gobioids Rhyacichthys guilberti and Protogobius attiti (Teleostei: Rhyacichthyidae). - Hélène Tabouret; Tomadin, Marina; Taillebois, Laura; Iida, Midori; Clara Lord; Pécheyran, C; Philippe Keith (Marine and Freshwater Research, 2014)
Even if amphidromous fish species contribute most to the diversity of fish communities in the tropical insular rivers, their biological cycle remain poorly known. For the first time, the otolith elemental composition and microstructure of two ancestral gobioids, Rhyacichthys guilberti and Protogobius attiti, were investigated to describe their biological cycle and pelagic larval duration (PLD). The otolith analysis using a femtosecond laser ablation coupled to an inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer (fs-LA-ICP-MS) revealed an amphidromous life history for R. guilberti and it suggested a progressive habitat shift from a marine habitat to a freshwater environment for P. attiti. For the first time, an endemic species, P. attiti, showed longer and more variable PLD (55.213.5 days) than did a widespread one (R. guilberti: ,30 days). These results need to be confirmed by analysing more samples but suggest that factors other than the PLD control endemism and dispersal processes. In association with this first description of the biological cycle for both species, such an approach is a prerequisite for the management and conservation of both patrimonial species.
Keywords: diadromy; freshwater gobies; otolith microchemistry; tropical islands.

Assessment of cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties of four antidepressants on primary cultures of abalone hemocytes (Haliotis tuberculata). - Minguez, Laetitia; Halm-Lemeille, Marie-Pierre; Katherine Costil; Bureau, Ronan; Jean-Marc Lebel; Antoine Serpentini (Aquat Toxicol, 2014)
Pharmaceutical compounds like antidepressants found in surface waters raise concerns due to their potential toxicity on non-target aquatic organisms. This study aimed at investigating the in vitro cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory properties of four common antidepressants, namely Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Citalopram and Paroxetine, on primary cultures of abalone hemocytes (Haliotis tuberculata), after 48 h-exposure. Effects on immunocompetence (phagocytosis, levels of reactive oxygen species, esterase activity and lysosomal membrane destabilization) were assessed. Results obtained by MTT assays revealed that acute toxicity is unlikely to occur in the environment since the LC50s of the four antidepressants are at the mg/L level. The different immunological endpoints displayed a biphasic response, with an increase at the lowest concentration (i.e. 1 μg/L) followed by a decrease at higher concentrations. Overall, Amitriptyline and Clomipramine, the two tricyclic antidepressants, had higher immunomodulatory capacities than the two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Citalopram and Paroxetine. Amitriptyline was the most potent and Citalopram the least potent drug in altering immune function in H. tuberculata.
Keywords: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Enzyme Activation; Esterases; Gastropoda; Hemocytes; Immunity, Innate; Lethal Dose 50; Phagocytosis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Water Pollutants, Chemical

Bacterial dynamics in a microphytobenthic biofilm: A tidal mesocosm approach - Hélène Agogué; Clarisse Mallet; Francis Orvain; Margot de Crignis; Françoise Mornet; Christine Dupuy (Journal of Sea Research, 2014)

Biogeographic patterns of fish - Percy-Alexander Hulley; Causse, Romain; Koubbi, Philippe; Vacchi, Marino (The Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean, 2014)

Biomineralization of Schlumbergerella floresiana, a significant carbonate-producing benthic foraminifer. - Sabbatini, A; Bedouet, L; Marie, A; Bartolini, A; Landemarre, L; Weber, M X; Gusti Ngurah Kade Mahardika, I; Berland, Sophie; Zito, F; Vénec-Peyré, M-T (Geobiology, 2014)
Most foraminifera that produce a shell are efficient biomineralizers. We analyzed the calcitic shell of the large tropical benthic foraminifer Schlumbergerella floresiana. We found a suite of macromolecules containing many charged and polar amino acids and glycine that are also abundant in biomineralization proteins of other phyla. As neither genomic nor transcriptomic data are available for foraminiferal biomineralization yet, de novo-generated sequences, obtained from organic matrices submitted to ms blast database search, led to the characterization of 156 peptides. Very few homologous proteins were matched in the proteomic database, implying that the peptides are derived from unknown proteins present in the foraminiferal organic matrices. The amino acid distribution of these peptides was queried against the uniprot database and the mollusk uniprot database for comparison. The mollusks compose a well-studied phylum that yield a large variety of biomineralization proteins. These results showed that proteins extracted from S. floresiana shells contained sequences enriched with glycine, alanine, and proline, making a set of residues that provided a signature unique to foraminifera. Three of the de novo peptides exhibited sequence similarities to peptides found in proteins such as pre-collagen-P and a group of P-type ATPases including a calcium-transporting ATPase. Surprisingly, the peptide that was most similar to the collagen-like protein was a glycine-rich peptide reported from the test and spine proteome of sea urchin. The molecules, identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analyses, included acid-soluble N-glycoproteins with its sugar moieties represented by high-mannose-type glycans and carbohydrates. Describing the nature of the proteins, and associated molecules in the skeletal structure of living foraminifera, can elucidate the biomineralization mechanisms of these major carbonate producers in marine ecosystems. As fossil foraminifera provide important paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic information, a better understanding of biomineralization in these organisms will have far-reaching impacts.
Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Calcification, Physiologic; Carbonates; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Foraminifera; Molecular Sequence Data; Monosaccharides

Cellular effects of bacterial N-3-Oxo-dodecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone on the sponge Suberites domuncula (Olivi, 1792): insights into an intimate inter-kingdom dialogue. - Gardères, Johan; Joël Henry; Bernay, Benoît; Ritter, Andrès; Céline Zatylny-Gaudin; Wiens, Matthias; Müller, Werner E G; Le Pennec, Gaël (PLoS One, 2014)
Sponges and bacteria have lived together in complex consortia for 700 million years. As filter feeders, sponges prey on bacteria. Nevertheless, some bacteria are associated with sponges in symbiotic relationships. To enable this association, sponges and bacteria are likely to have developed molecular communication systems. These may include molecules such as N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones, produced by Gram-negative bacteria also within sponges. In this study, we examined the role of N-3-oxododecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL) on the expression of immune and apoptotic genes of the host sponge Suberites domuncula. This molecule seemed to inhibit the sponge innate immune system through a decrease of the expression of genes coding for proteins sensing the bacterial membrane: a Toll-Like Receptor and a Toll-like Receptor Associated Factor 6 and for an anti-bacterial perforin-like molecule. The expression of the pro-apoptotic caspase-like 3/7 gene decreased as well, whereas the level of mRNA of anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2 Homolog Proteins did not change. Then, we demonstrated the differential expression of proteins in presence of this 3-oxo-C12-HSL using 3D sponge cell cultures. Proteins involved in the first steps of the endocytosis process were highlighted using the 2D electrophoresis protein separation and the MALDI-TOF/TOF protein characterization: α and β subunits of the lysosomal ATPase, a cognin, cofilins-related proteins and cytoskeleton proteins actin, α tubulin and α actinin. The genetic expression of some of these proteins was subsequently followed. We propose that the 3-oxo-C12-HSL may participate in the tolerance of the sponge apoptotic and immune systems towards the presence of bacteria. Besides, the sponge may sense the 3-oxo-C12-HSL as a molecular evidence of the bacterial presence and/or density in order to regulate the populations of symbiotic bacteria in the sponge. This study is the first report of a bacterial secreted molecule acting on sponge cells and regulating the symbiotic relationship.

Cephalopod development: what we can learn from differences - Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli; Yann Bassaglia (OA Biology, 2014)
Introduction The molluscan neuro-muscular system shows extreme diversity. Cephalopods present an original body plan, a derived neuro-muscular complex and a development with drastic changes in the antero-posterior/dorso-ventral orientation. How it took place during evolution is an unresolved question that can be approached by the study of developmental genes. Studying the expression of conserved transcription factors (Pax and NK families, otx, apt) and morphogen (hedgehog) during development is a good test of the conservation of their functions. We underline here unexpected expression patterns during cephalopod development, and we aim to suggest that these patterns may be, at least partly, in relation to morphological novelties in this clade. Conclusion The expression patterns observed point out the diversity of molecular pathways recruited during evolution and the necessary carefulness regarding generalization of results obtained from a very small set of model organisms. Studying different species, with a large diversity of morphology, could help to have a better understanding of the variety of the genes roles and/or of the plasticity of networks.

Cephalopods in neuroscience: regulations, research and the 3Rs. - Fiorito, Graziano; Affuso, Andrea; Anderson, David B; Basil, Jennifer; Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli; Botta, Giovanni; Cole, Alison; D'Angelo, Livia; De Girolamo, Paolo; Dennison, Ngaire; Dickel, Ludovic; Di Cosmo, Anna; et al. (Invert Neurosci, 2014)
Cephalopods have been utilised in neuroscience research for more than 100 years particularly because of their phenotypic plasticity, complex and centralised nervous system, tractability for studies of learning and cellular mechanisms of memory (e.g. long-term potentiation) and anatomical features facilitating physiological studies (e.g. squid giant axon and synapse). On 1 January 2013, research using any of the about 700 extant species of "live cephalopods" became regulated within the European Union by Directive 2010/63/EU on the "Protection of Animals used for Scientific Purposes", giving cephalopods the same EU legal protection as previously afforded only to vertebrates. The Directive has a number of implications, particularly for neuroscience research. These include: (1) projects will need justification, authorisation from local competent authorities, and be subject to review including a harm-benefit assessment and adherence to the 3Rs principles (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction). (2) To support project evaluation and compliance with the new EU law, guidelines specific to cephalopods will need to be developed, covering capture, transport, handling, housing, care, maintenance, health monitoring, humane anaesthesia, analgesia and euthanasia. (3) Objective criteria need to be developed to identify signs of pain, suffering, distress and lasting harm particularly in the context of their induction by an experimental procedure. Despite diversity of views existing on some of these topics, this paper reviews the above topics and describes the approaches being taken by the cephalopod research community (represented by the authorship) to produce "guidelines" and the potential contribution of neuroscience research to cephalopod welfare.
Keywords: 3Rs; Animal welfare; Cephalopods; Directive2010/63/EU; Neuroscience

Cg-SoxE and Cg-β-catenin, two new potential actors of the sex-determining pathway in a hermaphrodite lophotrochozoan, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas - Santerre, Christelle; Sourdaine, Pascal; Adeline, Béatrice; Anne-Sophie Martinez (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 2014)
Sex determination is poorly known in mollusks, lophotrochozoa and most hermaphrodites. In the oyster Crassostrea gigas, an irregular successive hermaphrodite, sex determination may occur at the end of a gametogenetic cycle to prepare the next cycle. To investigate further into these aspects we have focused on orthologs of SoxE and β-catenin, key players of the male and female gonadic differentiation respectively in mammals. Based on phylogenetic analyses, Cg-SoxE, the oyster's SoxE ortholog, is closely related to vertebrate SoxE genes while Cg-β-catenin, the oyster's β-catenin ortholog, is classified amongst lophotrochozoa. The mRNA expression measured by qPCR in the gonadic area during a gametogenetic cycle is maximal for Cg-SoxE when sex is indiscernible and for Cg-β-catenin in mature females. Both expressions are localized from early germ cells to spermatocytes and pre-vitellogenic oocytes, and potentially in somatic cells. Cg-β-catenin is also expressed in vitellogenic oocytes. These actors may be involved in early oyster gonadic differentiation, which includes sex determination. Our results enhance the understanding of sex determination in C. gigas and in mollusks and they provide additional knowledge in compared genomics of reproduction and in molecular phylogeny.
Keywords: Gonadic differentiation; Oyster; Sex-determining pathways; Sox9; β-catenin

Chapter 7. Biogeographic patterns of fish - Guy Duhamel; Percy-Alexander Hulley; Causse, Romain; Koubbi, Philippe; Vacchi, Marino; Patrice Pruvost; Vigetta, Stephanie; Irisson, J.-O.; Mormede, Sophie; Belchier, Mark; others (Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean, 2014)

Chapter Four : Transitions During Cephalopod Life History: The Role of Habitat, Environment, Functional Morphology and Behaviour - Jean-Paul Robin; Roberts, Michael; Zeidberg, Lou; Bloor, Isobel; Rodriguez, Almendra; Briceño, Felipe; Downey, Nicola; Mascaró, Maite; Guerra, Angel; Hofmeister, Jennifer; Barcellos, Diogo D.; Lourenço, Silvia A.P.; et al. (2014)
Keywords: Acquisition of behaviours; Adult; Cephalopod ontogeny; Cohort survival; Environmental variability; Habitat shifts; Juvenile; Life stages; Morphological changes; Paralarvae; Subadult

Characterisation and expression of the biomineralising gene Lustrin A during shell formation of the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata - Gaume, Béatrice; Denis, Françoise; Van Wormhoudt, Alain; Huchette, Sylvain; Jackson, Daniel; Avignon, Solène; Stéphanie Auzoux-Bordenave (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , Part B, 2014)
The molluscan shell is a remarkable product of a highly biomineralisation process, and is composed of calcium carbonate most commonly in the form of calcite or aragonite. The exceptional mechanical properties of this biomaterial are imparted by the embedded organic matrix which is secreted by the underlying mantle tissue. While many shell-matrix proteins have already been identified within adult molluscan shell, their presence and role in the early developmental stages of larval shell formation are not well understood. In the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, the shell first forms in the early trochophore larva and develops into a mineralised protoconch in the veliger. Following metamorphosis, the juvenile shell rapidly changes as it becomes flattened and develops a more complex crystallographic profile including an external granular layer and an internal nacreous layer. Among the matrix proteins involved in abalone shell formation, Lustrin A is thought to participate in the formation of the nacreous layer. Here we have identified a partial cDNA coding for the Lustrin A gene in H. tuberculata and have analysed its spatial and temporal expression during abalone development. RT-PCR experiments indicate that Lustrin A is first expressed in juvenile (post-metamorphosis) stages, suggesting that Lustrin A is a component of the juvenile shell, but not of the larval shell. We also detected Lustrin A mRNAs in non-nacre forming cells at the distal-most edge of the juvenile mantle as well as in the nacre-forming region of the mantle. Lustrin A was also expressed in 7-day-old post-larvae, prior to the formation of nacre. These results suggest that Lustrin A plays multiple roles in the shell-forming process and further highlight the dynamic ontogenic nature of molluscan shell formation.
Keywords: biomineralisation; Haliotis tuberculata; larval development; Lustrin A; mollusc; organic matrix; shell

Characterization of spermatogonial markers in the mature testis of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.) - Bosseboeuf, A; Aude Gautier; Auvray, P; Mazan, S; Pascal Sourdaine (Reproduction, 2014)

Colonisation of leaf litter by lotic macroinvertebrates in a headwater stream of the Phachi River (western Thailand) - Frank David; Boonsoong, Boonsatien (Fundamental and Applied Limnology, 2014)

Combining quantitative and qualitative models to identify functional groups for monitoring changes in the Bay of Biscay continental shelf exploited foodweb - Géraldine Lassalle; Nelva Pasqual, J-S; Boët, P; Rochet, M J; Trenkel, V M; Nathalie Niquil (ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2014)
To develop and implement ecosystem-based management, it is critical to monitor foodweb components or functional groups which are robust to uncertainty in ecosystem structure and functioning yet sensitive to changes. To select such functional groups for the Bay of Biscay continental shelf, both quantitative and qualitative foodweb models were developed. First, functional groups for which predictions of directions of change following an increase in primary productivity, prey or predators, or in fishing activities were identical across alternative qualitative model structures were identified. Second, the robustness to model type was assessed by comparing qualitative predictions with quantitative Ecopath model results. The demersal fish community was identified as a sensitive and robust indicator for monitoring foodweb ecological status in the Bay of Biscay. The present study also suggested the potential antagonistic effects of alternative management measures on small pelagic fish and highlighted the need for the joint management of all pressures.
Keywords: comparative studies; ecosystem management; foodweb; loop analysis; Northeast Atlantic continental shelf

Comparison of the sensitivity of seven marine and freshwater bioassays as regards antidepressant toxicity assessment. - Minguez, Laetitia; Di Poi, C; Farcy, E; Ballandonne, Céline; Benchouala, Amira; Bojic, Clément; Cossu-Leguille, Carole; Katherine Costil; Antoine Serpentini; Jean-Marc Lebel; Halm-Lemeille, Marie-Pierre (Ecotoxicology, 2014)
The hazards linked to pharmaceutical residues like antidepressants are currently a major concern of ecotoxicology because they may have adverse effects on non-target aquatic organisms. Our study assesses the ecotoxicity of three antidepressants (fluoxetine, sertraline and clomipramine) using a battery of marine and freshwater species representing different trophic levels, and compares the bioassay sensitivity levels. We selected the following bioassays: the algal growth inhibition test (Skeletonema marinoi and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), the microcrustacean immobilization test (Artemia salina and Daphnia magna), development and adult survival tests on Hydra attenuata, embryotoxicity and metamorphosis tests on Crassostrea gigas, and in vitro assays on primary cultures of Haliotis tuberculata hemocytes. The results showed high inter-species variability in EC50-values ranging from 43 to 15,600 µg/L for fluoxetine, from 67 to 4,400 µg/L for sertraline, and from 4.70 µg/L to more than 100,000 µg/L for clomipramine. Algae (S. marinoi and P. subcapitata) and the embryo-larval stages of the oyster C. gigas were the most sensitive taxa. This raises an issue due to their ecological and/or economic importance. The marine crustacean A. salina was the least sensitive species. This difference in sensitivity between bioassays highlights the importance of using a test battery.

Complementarity of rarity, specialisation and functional diversity metrics to assess community responses to environmental changes, using an example of spider communities in salt marshes - Leroy, Boris; Le Viol, Isabelle; Petillon, J (Ecological Indicators, 2014)
The study of community responses to environmental changes can be enhanced by the recent development of new metrics useful in applied conservation: relative rarity, ecological specialisation and functional diversity. These different metrics have been critically assessed independently, but are rarely combined in applied conservation studies, especially for less-studied taxa such as arthropods. Here we report how these different metrics can complement each other by using the response of spider communities to environmental changes in salt marshes as an example. Sampling took place using pitfall traps in salt marshes of the Mont St Michel Bay (France) during 2004 and 2007. The sampling design was spatially replicated (3 plots per treatment and 4 traps per plot) and encompassed four habitat treatments: control, sheep grazing, cutting (annual, in summer) and invasion by the plant Elymus athericus. We observed contrasting responses of spider communities to the different treatments: grazing had a negative impact on both rarity and functional diversity but a positive impact on specialisation; cutting had a negative impact on the three metrics; and invasion only had a negative impact on rarity and specialisation. These contrasting responses emphasise the necessity of using different complementary community metrics in such conservation studies. Consequently, rarity-, specialisation-, and functional-based indices should be applied simultaneously more frequently, as they potentially provide additional complementary information about communities. Such complementary information is the key to better-informed conservation choices.
Keywords: Community Specialisation Index; CSI; Cutting; FDiv; Functional divergence; Functional Divergence Index; Grazing; Index of Relative Rarity; IRR; Species Specialisation Index; spiders; SSI

Complex patterns in phytoplankton and microeukaryote diversity along the estuarine continuum - Bazin, Pauline; Fabien Jouenne; Deton-Cabanillas, Anne-Flore; Perez-Ruzafa, Angel; Benoît Véron (Hydrobiologia, 2014)
Keywords: 18S rDNA clone libraries; Diversity; Estuarine gradient; Microeukaryotes; Microscopy; Phytoplankton; semiarid area

Contrasting Benthos Communities and Prey Selection by Red Knot Calidris canutus in Three Nearby Bays on the Channel Coast - Gwenaël Quaintenne; Bocher, P.; Ponsero, A.; Caillot, E.; Eric Feunteun (Ardea, 2014)

Could FaRP-Like Peptides Participate in Regulation of Hyperosmotic Stress Responses in Plants? - Bouteau, Francois; Yann Bassaglia; Monetti, Emanuela; Tran, Daniel; Navet, S; Mancuso, Stefano; El-Maarouf-Bouteau, Hayat; Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli (Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2014)
The ability to respond to hyperosmotic stress is one of the numerous conserved cellular processes that most of the organisms have to face during their life. In metazoans, some peptides belonging to the FMRFamide-like peptide (FLP) family were shown to participate in osmoregulation via regulation of ion channels; this is, a well-known response to hyperosmotic stress in plants. Thus, we explored whether FLPs exist and regulate osmotic stress in plants. First, we demonstrated the response of Arabidopsis thaliana cultured cells to a metazoan FLP (FLRF). We found that A. thaliana express genes that display typical FLP repeated sequences, which end in RF and are surrounded by K or R, which is typical of cleavage sites and suggests bioactivity; however, the terminal G, allowing an amidation process in metazoan, seems to be replaced by W. Using synthetic peptides, we showed that amidation appears unnecessary to bioactivity in A. thaliana, and we provide evidence that these putative FLPs could be involved in physiological processes related to hyperosmotic stress responses in plants, urging further studies on this topic.

Detailed reconstruction of the musculature in Limnognathia maerski (Micrognathozoa) and comparison with other Gnathifera - Bekkouche, Nicolas; Kristensen, Reinhardt M; Hejnol, Andreas; Sørensen, Martin V; Worsaae, Katrine (Frontiers in Zoology, 2014)

Determinación del sexo en arahuana Osteoglossum bicirrhosum mediante la detección de los niveles plasmáticos de vitelogenina - Ramírez-Arrarte, Pedro; Jesus Nuñez-Rodriguez; Chu-Koo, Fred (Ciencia Amazónica, 2014)
Keywords: Arahuana; Sexaje; Vitellogenine

Direct evidence for maternal inheritance of bacterial symbionts in small deep-sea clams (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae). - Szafranski, Kamil M; Sylvie M Gaudron; Sébastien Duperron (Naturwissenschaften, 2014)
Bacterial symbiont transmission is a key step in the renewal of the symbiotic interaction at each host generation, and different modes of transmission can be distinguished. Vesicomyidae are chemosynthetic bivalves from reducing habitats that rely on symbiosis with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, in which two studies suggesting vertical transmission of symbionts have been published, both limited by the imaging techniques used. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that bacterial symbionts of Isorropodon bigoti, a gonochoristic Vesicomyidae from the Guiness cold seep site, occur intracellularly within female gametes at all stages of gametogenesis from germ cells to mature oocytes and in early postlarval stage. Symbionts are completely absent from the male gonad and gametes. This study confirms the transovarial transmission of symbionts in Vesicomyidae and extends it to the smaller species for which no data were previously available.
Keywords: Animals; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Bivalvia; Female; Germ Cells; Gonads; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Oceans and Seas; Symbiosis

Distocyclus guchereauae a new species of Neotropical electric fish, (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae), from French Guiana. - François J Meunier; Philippe Keith; Michel Jégu (Cybium, 2014)
Keywords: Distocyclus guchereauae; French Guiana; Gymnotiformes; New species; Sternopygidae

Diversity of cultivable fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges and screening for their antimicrobial, antitumoral and antioxidant potential. - Henríquez, Marlene; Vergara, Karen; Norambuena, Javiera; Beiza, Andrea; Maza, Felipe; Ubilla, Pamela; Araya, Ivanna; Chávez, Renato; San-Martín, Aurelio; Darias, José; Darias, Maria; Vaca, Inmaculada (World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2014)
The diversity of sponge-associated fungi has been poorly investigated in remote geographical areas like Antarctica. In this study, 101 phenotypically different fungal isolates were obtained from 11 sponge samples collected in King George Island, Antarctica. The analysis of ITS sequences revealed that they belong to the phylum Ascomycota. Sixty-five isolates belong to the genera Geomyces, Penicillium, Epicoccum, Pseudeurotium, Thelebolus, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Phoma, and Trichocladium but 36 isolates could not be identified at genus level. In order to estimate the potential of these isolates as producers of interesting bioactivities, antimicrobial, antitumoral and antioxidant activities of fungal culture extracts were assayed. Around 51% of the extracts, mainly from the genus Geomyces and non identified relatives, showed antimicrobial activity against some of the bacteria tested. On the other hand, around 42% of the extracts showed potent antitumoral activity, Geomyces sp. having the best performance. Finally, the potential of the isolated fungi as producers of antioxidant activity seems to be moderate. Our results suggest that fungi associated with Antarctic sponges, particularly Geomyces, would be valuable sources of antimicrobial and antitumoral compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the biodiversity and the metabolic potential of fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges.
Keywords: Animals; Antarctic Regions; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Ascomycota; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Porifera; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Diversity of the RFamide peptide family in mollusks - Céline Zatylny-Gaudin; Pascal Favrel (frontiers in endocrinology, 2014)
Since the initial characterization of the cardioexcitatory peptide FMRFamide in the bivalve mollusk Macrocallista nimbosa, a great number of FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) have been identified in mollusks. FLPs were initially isolated and molecularly characterized in model mollusks using biochemical methods. The development of recombinant technologies and, more recently, of genomics has boosted knowledge on their diversity in various mollusk classes. Today, mollusk FLPs represent approximately 75 distinct RFamide peptides that appear to result from the expression of only five genes: the FMRFamide-related peptide gene, the LFRFamide gene, the luqin gene, the neuropeptide F gene, and the cholecystokinin/ sulfakinin gene. FLPs display a complex spatiotemporal pattern of expression in the central and peripheral nervous system.Working as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, or neurohormones, FLPs are involved in the control of a great variety of biological and physiological processes including cardiovascular regulation, osmoregulation, reproduction, digestion, and feeding behavior. From an evolutionary viewpoint, the major challenge will then logically concern the elucidation of the FLP repertoire of orphan mollusk classes and the way they are functionally related. In this respect, deciphering FLP signaling pathways by characterizing the specific receptors these peptides bind remains another exciting objective.

Diversity structure of phytoplankton communities and primary productivity in a temperate epicontinental sea - Napoléon, C; Fiant, Liliane; Raimbault, V; Riou, P; Pascal Claquin (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2014)
The dynamics of the phytoplankton assemblage, the physical, chemical and biological parameters, and primary productivity and production were monitored in the central English Channel along a transect between Ouistreham and Portsmouth from January to December 2010. The spatial patterns of the phytoplankton assemblage were controlled by the hydrological characteristics of the water masses, and the annual structure of the phytoplankton assemblage was characteristic of the central English Channel and was controlled by seasonality. The spring bloom was dominated by a single species, Chaetoceros socialis, and associated with low microphytoplankton evenness and Shannon-Wiener indices, whereas the evenness index was high from late spring to winter and associated with the proliferation of pico- and nanophytoplankton cells. We identified 2 species responsible for harmful algal blooms, Phaeocystis globosa, which dominated the community in the northern part of the Seine Bay in May, and Lepidodinium chlorophorum, which dominated the community near the French coast in September. We examined the relationship between microphytoplankton diversity and maximum primary production and productivity. We found a negative parabolic relationship between the diversity indices (evenness and Shannon-Wiener) and maximum primary production, and a positive parabolic relationship between the number of taxa (richness) and maximum primary production. However, we found no relationship between maximum productivity and the evenness or richness indices. High levels of productivity were measured during the increasing abundance of pico and nanophytoplankton cells, highlighting the importance of taking the dominant functional group into account, rather than the degree of diversity, when explaining the level of productivity.
Keywords: English Channel; Phytoplankton diversity; primary production; Productivity

Dual role of the cuttlefish salivary proteome in defense and predation. - Cornet, Valérie; Joël Henry; Corre, Erwan; Gildas Le Corguille; Zanuttini, Bruno; Céline Zatylny-Gaudin (J Proteomics, 2014)
UNLABELLED: We characterized the proteome of the posterior salivary glands of the cephalopod S. officinalis by combining de novo RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry. In silico analysis of the transcriptome revealed the occurrence of three main categories of proteins: enzymes, immune factors and toxins. Protein identification by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF confirmed the occurrence of proteins essential to venom-like enzymes: peptidase S1 under four isoforms, phospholipase A2 and two toxins. The first toxin is a cystein rich secreted protein (CRISP), a common toxin found in all venomous animals. The second one is cephalotoxin, which is specific to decabrachia cephalopods. Secretions of the posterior salivary glands are transported to the cephalopodium; they are involved in prey catching but also in gamete storage, fertilization and egg-laying. The paralyzing activity and the antimicrobial effect of saliva suggest a dual role in predation and in immune defense in cuttlefish. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The originality of this study lies in the use of a transcriptomic approach (de novo RNA sequencing) coupled to a proteomic approach to get an overview of posterior salivary glands in S. officinalis. In cephalopods, these glands are involved in predation, more precisely in paralyzing preys and digesting them. Our in silico analysis equally reveals a role in immune defense as observed in mammals' saliva. Our study also shows the specificity of cuttlefish venom, with the identification of cephalotoxins, proteins that are not found in octopuses. Finally, we show that cuttlefish saliva is a complex mixture that has antibacterial and crippling properties, but no lethal effect.

An ecosystem-based approach to assess the status of a mediterranean ecosystem, the Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadow - Personnic, S.; Boudouresque, C.F.; Astruch, P.; Ballesteros, E.; Blouet, S.; Bellan-Santini, D.; Bonhomme, P.; Thibault-Botha, D.; Eric Feunteun; Mireille Harmelin-Vivien; Pergent, G.; Pergent-Martini, C.; et al. (PLoS ONE, 2014)

The effect of cold stress on the proteome of the marine bacteriumPseudomonas fluorescens BA3SM1 and its ability to copewith metal excess - Isabelle Poirier; Lauriane Kuhn; Christelle Caplat; Philippe Hammann; Martine Bertrand (Aquatic Toxicology, 2014)
This study examined the effect of cold stress on the proteome and metal tolerance of Pseudomonas fluo-rescens BA3SM1, a marine strain isolated from tidal flat sediments. When cold stress (+10◦C for 36 h)was applied before moderate metal stress (0.4 mM Cd, 0.6 mM Cd, 1.5 mM Zn, and 1.5 mM Cu), growthdisturbances induced by metal, in comparison with respective controls, were reduced for Cd and Znwhile they were pronounced for Cu. This marine strain was able to respond to cold stress through a num-ber of changes in protein regulation. Analysis of the predicted differentially expressed protein functionsdemonstrated that some mechanisms developed under cold stress were similar to those developed inresponse to Cd, Zn, and Cu. Therefore, pre-cold stress could help this strain to better counteract toxicityof moderate concentrations of some metals. P. fluorescens BA3SM1 was able to remove up to 404.3 mgCd/g dry weight, 172.5 mg Zn/g dry weight, and 11.3 mg Cu/g dry weight and its metal biosorption abilityseemed to be related to the bacterial growth phase. Thus, P. fluorescens BA3SM1 appears as a promisingagent for bioremediation processes, even at low temperatures.
Keywords: Cold stress; Marine strain; Metal biosorptiona; Proteomics; Pseudomonas fluorescens

The effect of dietary oxidized lipid levels on growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, intestinal lipid deposition and skeletogenesis in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae - Boglino, A; Darias, Maria; Estévez, A; Andree, K B; Sarasquete, Carmen; Ortiz-Delgado, Juan Bosco; Solé, M; Gisbert, E (Aquaculture Nutrition, 2014)
Fish tissues, particularly rich in n-3 PUFA, are prone to lipid peroxidation that can damage cellular membranes, cause severe lesions and subsequently incidences of disease and mortality. However, fish possess antioxidant defences, such as vitamin E (VE) and antioxidant enzymes, to protect them against oxidative damage. This study investigated the effects of an increasing gradient of oxidized dietary lipid on the survival, growth performance, skeletogenesis and antioxidant defensive processes occurring in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae. Four groups of fish were fed live prey enriched with experimental emulsions containing an increasing gradient of oxidized oil: non-oxidized, NO+VE, 34.5 nmol MDA g−1 w.w.; mildly oxidized, MO+VE, 43.1 nmol MDA g−1 w.w.; highly oxidized, HO+VE, 63.3 nmol MDA g−1 w.w. and highly oxidized without VE, HO-VE, 78.8 nmol MDA g−1 w.w. The oxidation levels increased in enriched rotifers following the oxidation gradient of the emulsions, but were not affected in enriched Artemia metanauplii. The oxidation status of Senegalese sole larvae increased during development, but this was not related to the dietary treatments. The increasing dietary oxidation levels did not affect the fatty acid profile, survival, growth performance and metamorphosis processes of sole larvae. Senegalese sole seem to activate antioxidant defence mechanisms in response to the increasing amounts of dietary peroxidized lipids, in a manner efficiently enough to prevent detection of any alterations of these physiological processes. Antioxidant systems and detoxification mechanisms appeared to occur through the consumption of dietary α-tocopherol, the activation of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase) and the retention of oxidized fat in the intestinal enterocytes for detoxification prior to their utilization. However, fish fed the highest oxidized diet presented a reduction in bone mineralization, but lower incidence of deformities in the vertebral and caudal regions than fish fed the other diets. This study exemplifies the importance of rearing Senegalese sole larvae on non-oxidized diets during the early larval development to avoid detrimental consequences in older fish, most notably in the process of skeletogenesis.
Keywords: antioxidant enzymes; lipid peroxidation; live prey enrichment; skeletogenesis; Solea senegalensis larvae; vitamin E

The effect of different polychlorinated biphenyls on two aquatic models, the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the haemocytes from the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata. - Halm-Lemeille, Marie-Pierre; Abbaszadeh Fard, Elham; Latire, T; Ferard, Jean-François; Katherine Costil; Jean-Marc Lebel; Bureau, Ronan; Antoine Serpentini (Chemosphere, 2014)
The present study was conducted to determine the toxicity of different polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the green algae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the haemocytes from the European abalone, Haliotis tuberculata. Using the algal growth inhibition test, the green algae median Effective Concentration (EC50) values ranged from 0.34μM for PCB28 to more than 100μM for PCBs 101 and 153. Considering the MTT viability test, the abalone EC50 values ranged from 1.67μM for PCB153 to 89μM for PCB28. Our results in contrast to previous observation in vertebrates did not show significant differences between the dioxin like- and non dioxin like-PCBs toxicities regardless of the model used. However, our results demonstrated that the toxicities of PCBs were species dependent. For example, PCB28 was the most toxic compound for P. subcapitata whereas PCBs 1, 180 and 153 were less toxic for that species. On the contrary, PCB153 was reported as the most toxic for H. tuberculata haemocytes and PCB28 the least toxic. To investigate the mode of action of these compounds, we used an in silico method. Our results suggested that PCBs have a non-specific mode of action (e.g., narcosis) on green algae, and another mode of action, probably more specific than narcosis, was reported for PCBs on the abalone haemocytes.
Keywords: Animals; Chlorophyta; Environmental Pollutants; Gastropoda; Hemocytes; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin

Effects of acute exposures to mecoprop, mecoprop-p and their biodegradation product (2-MCP) on the larval stages of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. - Mottier, A; Kientz-Bouchart, Valérie; Dubreule, Christelle; Antoine Serpentini; Jean-Marc Lebel; Katherine Costil (Aquat Toxicol, 2014)
Studies have shown that pesticides are sometimes detected at rather high levels in seawater and it has been suggested that these chemical compounds could act as additional stress factor for oysters cultured in coastal environments. The effects of pesticides on marine molluscs could be particularly harmful in the early stages which correspond to critical life stages. This study aimed to assess the effects of mecoprop, mecoprop-p and their degradation compound 2-methyl-4-chlorophenol on two larval stages of Crassostrea gigas. Embryotoxic effects were assessed on veliger larvae after 36 h exposures, and both percentages of normal larvae and types of abnormalities were taken into account. The effects of the three substances were evaluated on 21-day-old pediveliger larvae by calculating metamorphosis rates after 24h exposures. The results of the embryotoxicity assay indicated that 2-methyl-4-chlorophenol was more toxic (EC50: 10.81 mg L(-1)) than its parent compounds (EC50 mecoprop: 42.55 mg L(-1); EC50 mecoprop-p: 78.85 mg L(-1)). Mecoprop in particular injured shell formation with an increase of shell abnormalities following herbicide concentrations. The active substances were not toxic to metamorphosis processes, but 2-MCP was revealed to be more toxic to the success of metamorphosis (EC50: 7.20 mg L(-1)) than to embryo-larval development. However, the toxic concentrations were several orders of magnitude higher than environmental concentrations.
Keywords: 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid; Animals; Chlorophenols; Crassostrea; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Larva; Metamorphosis, Biological; Water Pollutants, Chemical

Effects of CO2, nutrients and light on coastal plankton: II. Metabolic rates. Aquatic Biology - Mercado, J. M.; Sobrino, C; Neale, P.J.; Segovia, M.; Reul, A.; Amorim, A.L.; Carrillo, P; Pascal Claquin; Cabrerizo, M.J; León, P.; Lorenzo, M.R; Medina, J. M.; et al. (Aquatic Biology, 2014)
We conducted a microcosm experiment aimed at studying the interactive effects of high CO2, nutrient loading and irradiance on the metabolism of a planktonic community sampled in the Western Mediterranean near the coast of Málaga. Changes in the metabolism of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton were observed for 7 d under 8 treatment conditions, representing the full factorial combinations of 2 levels each of CO2, nutrient concentration and solar radiation exposure. The initial plankton sample was collected at the surface from a stratified water column, indicating that phytoplankton were naturally acclimated to high irradiance and low nutrient concentrations. Nutrient addition combined with high irradiance resulted in a significant increase in primary production. Nitrate uptake by phytoplankton was also stimulated under high nutrient conditions. High nutrients, high irradiance and the combination of low CO2 and high irradiance positively affected bacterial production. Light was the main factor affecting the respiration rates of the community, which were higher at the high light level. After 7 d of incubation, nutrient loading was the only factor that significantly affected the amount of particulate organic carbon (POC) accumulated in the microcosms. Therefore, the changes in metabolic rates produced at high CO2 had no effect on net production of particulate organic matter. If these results are extrapolated to the natural environment, it could be hypothesized that high levels of CO2 will have a limited impact on biological pump activity in the northern Alboran Sea since it is assumed that POC export towards deeper layers determines the potential for carbon sequestration.

The effects of dietary arachidonic acid on bone in flatfish larvae: the last but not the least of the essential fatty acids - Boglino, A; Darias, Maria; Andree, K B; Estévez, A; Gisbert, E (Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2014)
Flatfish can provide a reliable model to study developmental disorders in bone tissues occurring during morphogenesis in response to nutritional imbalances. To date, most studies dealing with the effect of dietary essential fatty acids (EFA) on skeletogenesis in fish have focused their investigation on the role of docohexanoic (22:6n−3, DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n–3, EPA) acids, but only a few have focused on investigating the effects of arachidonic acid (20:4n–6, ARA) on bone during fish larval development. Bone development and composition at larval stage have been demonstrated to be highly sensitive to dietary levels of EFA, in particular the EPA and ARA acids, both precursors for highly bioactive eicosanoids presenting opposite effects on bone metabolism. Since fish are not able to synthesize EFA, they need to obtain them from the diet. However, dietary imbalances in EPA and ARA in flatfish larvae may disrupt bone formation and osteoblast differentiation in skeletal tissues, leading to the incidence of skeletal deformities, reduced mineralization and problems of bone remodelling in the cranial region associated with impaired eye migration. These anomalies in skeletal structures are one of the most important factors that affect flatfish larval quality and hamper their production. Thus, we have reviewed the current state of knowledge about the effects of dietary ARA contents on skeletogenesis in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis), one of the main flatfish species cultured in Europe. Their larval quality still suffers for a high incidence of skeletal anomalies induced by dietary imbalances during metamorphosis.

The effects of dietary arachidonic acid on Senegalese sole morphogenesis: A synthesis of recent findings - Boglino, A; Wishkerman, A; Darias, Maria; de la Iglesia, P; Estévez, A; Andree, K B; Gisbert, E (Aquaculture, 2014)
Abstract In this study we evaluated the effects of high dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) levels on prostaglandin \{E2\} (PGE2) and \{E3\} (PGE3) production and their effect on two morphogenetic processes occurring during metamorphosis: the establishment of the juvenile pigmentation pattern and eye migration and remodeling of cranial bones. In this sense, Senegalese sole larvae were fed from 2 to 50 days post-hatch (dph) with live prey enriched with an experimental emulsion containing high levels of \{ARA\} (ARA-H; 10.2 and 7.1% \{TFA\} in enriched rotifer and Artemia, respectively) versus a reference commercial enriching product (Algamac 3050®, AGM; 1.0 and 1.4% \{TFA\} in enriched rotifer and Artemia, respectively). High dietary \{ARA\} levels did not affect larval growth performance at 50 dph, but significantly induced malpigmentation (81.4 ± 7.5%, versus 0.9 ± 0.3% in larvae fed the \{AGM\} diet). This malpigmentation was linked to the higher prostaglandin \{E2\} (PGE2) levels observed in pseudo-albino fish as compared to normally pigmented individuals. The \{PGE2\} levels were higher in normally pigmented specimens fed the ARA-H diet than in those fed the \{AGM\} diet. The effects of \{ARA\} on normally pigmented fish fed the \{AGM\} diet and pseudo-albino specimens fed the ARA-H diet were evaluated by means of the density of melanophores and the texture and image segmentation analyses in the dorsal skin of post-metamorphic fish. The skin of pseudo-albino specimens had a more uniform and homogeneous melanophore pattern than normally pigmented fish. Melanophores in pseudo-albino specimens were less abundant and not so aggregated in patches as they were in normally pigmented ones, whereas their shape differed (round vs. dendritic) suggesting their inability to disperse melanin. In addition, fish fed the ARA-H diet presented a higher percentage of cranial deformities (95.1 ± 1.5%) than those fed the control diet (1.9 ± 1.9%) that was significantly and negatively correlated with the incidence of normally-pigmented animals (R2 = − 0.88, P < 0.001). Cranial deformities in pseudo-albino fish were associated with an impaired migration of the eye from the ocular side (the right eye), whereas the left eye migrated from the blind side into the ocular side almost normally. The effects of high dietary \{ARA\} levels in the eye migration and cranial bone remodeling processes in post-metamorphic larvae were evaluated by means of the staining of cranial skeletal elements. Pseudo-albino fish showed higher interocular distance and head height than normally pigmented individuals, a different disposition of the eyes with regard to the vertebral column and mouth axes, and a distinct osteological development of some skeletal structures from the neuro- and splanchnocranium, in relation to high dietary \{ARA\} contents and high \{PGE2\} production. These results brought new information about possible nutritional forcing factors and physiological mechanisms of pigmentary disorders and impaired eye migration, which are current major bottlenecks in flatfish aquaculture.
Keywords: Skeletal deformities

The effects of pool sediments on the egg morphology of Neotropical Eulimnadia (Branchiopoda: Limnadiidae) - Nicolas Rabet; D Montero; Sebastien Lacau (Journal of limnology, 2014)

The effects of pool sediments on the egg morphology of Neotropical Eulimnadia (Branchiopoda: Limnadiidae) - Nicolas Rabet; D Montero; Sebastien Lacau (Journal of limnology, 2014)

Emergence of sensory structures in the developing epidermis in sepia officinalis and other coleoid cephalopods. - Buresi, Auxane; Croll, Roger P; Tiozzo, Stefano; Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli; Sébastien Baratte (J Comp Neurol, 2014)
Embryonic cuttlefish can first respond to a variety of sensory stimuli during early development in the egg capsule. To examine the neural basis of this ability, we investigated the emergence of sensory structures within the developing epidermis. We show that the skin facing the outer environment (not the skin lining the mantle cavity, for example) is derived from embryonic domains expressing the Sepia officinalis ortholog of pax3/7, a gene involved in epidermis specification in vertebrates. On the head, they are confined to discrete brachial regions referred to as "arm pillars" that expand and cover Sof-pax3/7-negative head ectodermal tissues. As revealed by the expression of the S. officinalis ortholog of elav1, an early marker of neural differentiation, the olfactory organs first differentiate at about stage 16 within Sof-pax3/7-negative ectodermal regions before they are covered by the definitive Sof-pax3/7-positive outer epithelium. In contrast, the eight mechanosensory lateral lines running over the head surface and the numerous other putative sensory cells in the epidermis, differentiate in the Sof-pax3/7-positive tissues at stages ∼24-25, after they have extended over the entire outer surfaces of the head and arms. Locations and morphologies of the various sensory cells in the olfactory organs and skin were examined using antibodies against acetylated tubulin during the development of S. officinalis and were compared with those in hatchlings of two other cephalopod species. The early differentiation of olfactory structures and the peculiar development of the epidermis with its sensory cells provide new perspectives for comparisons of developmental processes among molluscs.

Epigenetic features in the oyster Crassostrea gigas suggestive of functionally relevant promoter DNA methylation in invertebrates. - Guillaume Rivière (Frontiers in Physiology, 2014)
DNA methylation is evolutionarily conserved. Vertebrates exhibit high, widespread DNA methylation whereas invertebrate genomes are less methylated, predominantly within gene bodies. DNA methylation in invertebrates is associated with transcription level, alternative splicing and genome evolution, but functional outcomes of DNA methylation remain poorly described in lophotrochozoans. Recent genome-wide approaches improve understanding in distant taxa such as molluscs, where the phylogenetic position and life traits of Crassostrea gigas make this bivalve an ideal model to study the physiological and evolutionary implications of DNA methylation. We review the literature about DNA methylation in invertebrates and focus on DNA methylation features in the oyster. Indeed, though our MeDIP-seq results confirm predominant intragenic methylation, the profiles depend on the oyster’s developmental and reproductive stage. We discuss the perspective that oyster DNA methylation could be biased toward the 5’-end of some genes, depending on physiological status, suggesting important functional outcomes of putative promoter methylation from cell differentiation during early development to sustained adaptation of the species to the environment.

Estimating how many undescribed species have gone extinct. - Pablo Tedesco; Rémy Bigorne; Bogan, Arthur; Giam, Xingli; Jézéquel, Céline; Bernard Hugueny (Conserv Biol, 2014)
Because both descriptions of species and modern human-driven extinctions started around the same time (i.e., eighteenth century), a logical expectation is that a large proportion of species may have gone extinct without ever having been recorded. Despite this evident and widely recognized assumption, the loss of undescribed species has never been estimated. We quantified this loss for several taxonomic groups and regions for which undescribed species extinctions are likely to have occurred. Across a wide range of taxonomic groups, we applied known extinction rates computed from recorded species losses to assumed exponential decay in the proportion of species remaining undiscovered. Because all previous modeling attempts to project total species richness implicitly assumed that undescribed species extinctions could be neglected, we also evaluated the effect of neglecting them. Finally, because we assumed constant description and extinction probabilities, we applied our model to simulated data that did not conform to this assumption. Actual species losses were severely underestimated by considering only known species extinctions. According to our estimates, the proportion of undiscovered extinct species over all extinctions ranged from 0.15 to 0.59, depending on the taxonomic group and the region considered. This means that recent extinctions may be up to twice as large as the number recorded. When species differed in their extinction or description probabilities, our model underestimated extinctions of undescribed species by up to 20%.

EU eeliad: Anguillid eels: Conserving a global fishery - Walker, A.M.; Eric Feunteun; Metcalfe, J.; Poole, R.; Righton, D. (Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 2014)

European Sea bass larval culture. - Gisbert, E; Fernández, Ignacio; Villamizar, N; Darias, Maria; Zambonino-Infante, J; Estévez, A (Biology of European Seabass., 2014)

Evidence of marine mammal predation of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) on its marine migration - Wahlberg, M.; Westerberg, H.; Aarestrup, K.; Eric Feunteun; Gargan, P.; Righton, D. (Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2014)

Evolution of Vacuolar Pyrophosphatases and Vacuolar H+-Atpases in Diatoms - Adrien Bussard; Pascal Jean Lopez (Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 2014)
To cope with changing environments and maintain optimal metabolic conditions, the control of the intracellular proton gradients has to be tightly regulated. Among the important proton pumps, vacuolar H^+-ATPases (V-ATPases) and H^+-translocating pyrophosphatases (H^+-PPases) were found to be involved in a number of physiological processes, and shown to be regulated at the expression level and to exhibit specific sub-cellular localizations. Studies of the role of these transporters are relatively scarce in algae and nearly absent in diatoms. Phylogenetic analyses disclose that diatoms, with both K^+-dependent and K^+-independent membrane integral pyrophosphatases, including proteins with high homology with a novel class of Na^+,H^+-PPases. Analyses of Phaeodactylum tricornutum EST libraries show that the gene putatively encoding a Na^+,H^+-PPase is over-expressed in urea adapted condition. Genome-wide investigations of the reservoir of V-ATPases encoding subunits demonstrate that diatoms display an expended number of genes encoding for the proteolipid subunits c of the V0 subcomplex. Preliminary localization studies show that one of V0-c subunits is associated to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane in P. tricornutum. Altogether our data highlight that the combination of comparative and functional genomic approaches reach promises to provide new information to the roles of membrane proton pumps in diatoms.
Keywords: Algae; endoplasmic reticulum; H^+-PPases; V-ATPases; vacuole

Feeding ecology of Liza spp. in a tidal flat: Evidence of the importance of primary production (biofilm) and associated meiofauna - Alexandre Carpentier; Como, S.; Christine Dupuy; Lefrançois, C.; Eric Feunteun (Journal of Sea Research, 2014)

Fish-AMAZBOL: a database on freshwater fishes of the Bolivian Amazon - Carvajal-Vallejos, F M; Rémy Bigorne; Zeballos Fernandez, América J.; Sarmiento, Jaime; Barrera Soraya; Yunoki, T; Marc Pouilly; Zubieta José; De La Barra, Evans; Michel Jégu; Maldonado, Mabel; Van Damme, Paul; et al. (Hyrobiologia, 2014)
The Bolivian part of the Amazon Basin contains a mega diverse and well-preserved fish fauna. Since the last decade, this fish fauna has received an increasing attention from scientists and the national authorities as fishes represent one of the most important sources of proteins for local human communities. However, this fish fauna still remains poorly documented. Here, we present a database for fishes from the Bolivian Amazon. To build the database, we conducted an extensive literature survey of native and non-native (exotic) fishes inhabiting all major sub-drainages of the Bolivian Amazon. The database, named Fish-AMAZBOL, contains species lists for 13 Amazonian hydrological units, covering 100% of the Bolivian Amazon and approximately 65% (722,137 km2) of the all territory. Fish-AMAZBOL includes 802 valid species, 12 of them being non-native, that have been checked for systematic reliability and consistency. To put this number in perspective, this represents around 14% of the all Neotropical ichthyofauna and around 6% of all strictly freshwater fishes inhabiting the planet. This database is currently the most comprehensive database of native and non-native fish species richness available so far for the Bolivian Amazon.
Keywords: Amazon River basin; Bolivia; Checklist; Freshwater fishes; Madera River; South America

Forecasted climate and land use changes, and protected areas: the contrasting case of spiders - Leroy, Boris; Bellard, Céline; Dubos, Nicolas; Colliot, Arthur; Vasseur, Manon; Courtial, Cyril; Bakkenes, Michel; Canard, A; Frédéric Ysnel (Diversity and Distributions, 2014)
Keywords: Arthropods; ensemble forecast; global changes; species distribution models; threatened species; uncertainty

Functional characterization of a short neuropeptide F-related receptor in a lophotrochozoan, the mollusk Crassostrea gigas. - Bigot, Laetitia; Beets, Isabel; Marie-Pierre Dubos; Boudry, Pierre; Schoofs, Liliane; Pascal Favrel (J Exp Biol, 2014)
Members of the short neuropeptide F (sNPF) family of peptides and their cognate receptors play key roles in a variety of physiological processes in arthropods. In silico screening of GigasDatabase, a specific expressed sequence tag database from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, resulted in the identification of a receptor (Cg-sNPFR-like) phylogenetically closely related to sNPF receptors (sNPFRs) of insects. A reverse endocrinology approach was undertaken to identify the peptide ligand(s) of this orphan receptor. Though structurally distinct from insect sNPFs, three RFamide peptides derived from the same precursor, i.e. GSLFRFamide, SSLFRFamide and GALFRFamide, specifically activate the receptor in a dose-dependent manner, with respective EC50 values (half-maximal effective concentrations) of 1.1, 2.1 and 4.1 μmol l(-1). We found that both Cg-sNPFR-like receptor and LFRFamide encoding transcripts are expressed in the oyster central nervous system and in other tissues as well, albeit at lower levels. Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the wide distribution of LFRFamide mature peptides in several central and peripheral tissues. The Cg-sNPFR-like receptor was more abundantly expressed in ganglia of females than of males, and upregulated in starved oysters. In the gonad area, highest receptor gene expression occurred at the start of gametogenesis, when storage activity is maximal. Our results suggest that signaling of LFRFamide peptides through the Cg-sNPFR-like receptor might play a role in the coordination of nutrition, energy storage and metabolism in C. gigas, possibly by promoting storage at the expense of reproduction.

G2Sd: a new R package for the statistical analysis of unconsolidated sediments - Jérôme Fournier; Régis K. Gallon; Raphael Paris (Géomorphologie: relief, processus, environnement, 2014)
Modern depositional environment are mainly investigated in terms of internal sedimentary structures and associated grain-size characteristics. The latter are an intrinsic feature of sediments and hence essential for quantitative descriptions. It is therefore useful to have a tool available which allows direct and rapid calculation of numerous statistical parameters for a large number of samples. The G2Sd package gives full descriptive statistics and a physical description of sediments based on grain-size distributions derived from sieve analyses using a decadic log-transformation of the millimeter scale. Statistics are calculated either by using arithmetic and geometric methods of moments, or the graphic procedure of R.L. Folk and W.C. Ward (1957) to calculate mean grain-size, standard-deviation, skewness, and kurtosis based on the binary log-transformation of the mm scale. Numerical results are thus provided both in metric and phi units. The mode can be determined graphically by the user. Several percentiles and two common indices are calculated: D10, D50, D90, D90/D10, D90-D10, D75/D25, D75-D25, Trask Index (So) and Krumbein Index (Qd). A physical description of texture, sorting, skewness and kurtosis parameters is provided, based on the sediment nomenclature described in R.L. Folk (1966). The weight percentage of particles falling into each predefined size fraction is also included in the results. This package runs within the CRAN R-project.

Genetic structure in the Amazonian catfish Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii: influence of life history strategies. - Carvajal-Vallejos, F M; Fabrice Duponchelle; Desmarais, E; Cerqueira, F; Sophie Quérouil; Jesus Nuñez-Rodriguez; García, C; Renno, J-F (Genetica, 2014)
The Dorado or Plateado (Gilded catfish) Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii (Pimelodidae, Siluriformes) is a commercially valuable migratory catfish performing the largest migration in freshwaters: from the Amazonian headwaters in the Andean foothills (breeding area) to the Amazon estuary (nursery area). In spite of its importance to inform management and conservation efforts, the genetic variability of this species has only recently begun to be studied. The aim of the present work was to determine the population genetic structure of B. rousseauxii in two regions: the Upper Madera Basin (five locations in the Bolivian Amazon) and the Western Amazon Basin (one regional sample from the Uyucalí-Napo-Marañon-Amazon basin, Peru). Length polymorphism at nine microsatellite loci (284 individuals) was used to determine genetic variability and to identify the most probable panmictic units (using a Bayesian approach), after a significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in the overall dataset (Western Amazon + Upper Madera). Bayesian analyses revealed at least three clusters in admixture in the five locations sampled in the Bolivian Amazon, whereas only two of these clusters were observed in the Western Amazon. Considering the migratory behaviour of B. rousseauxii, different life history strategies, including homing, are proposed to explain the cluster distribution. Our results are discussed in the light of the numerous threats to the species survival in the Madera basin, in particular dam and reservoir construction.

Geographical origin of Amazonian freshwater fishes fingerprinted by ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios on fish otoliths and scales. - Marc Pouilly; Point, David; Sondag, Francis; Henry, Manuel; Santos, Roberto V (Environ Sci Technol, 2014)
Calcified structures such as otoliths and scales grow continuously throughout the lifetime of fishes. The geochemical variations present in these biogenic structures are particularly relevant for studying fish migration and origin. In order to investigate the potential of the (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratio as a precise biogeochemical tag in Amazonian fishes, we compared this ratio between the water and fish otoliths and scales of two commercial fish species, Hoplias malabaricus and Schizodon fasciatus, from three major drainage basins of the Amazon: the Madeira, Solimões, and Tapajós rivers, displaying contrasted (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratios. A comparison of the (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratios between the otoliths and scales of the same individuals revealed similar values and were very close to the Sr isotopic composition of the local river where they were captured. This indicates, first, the absence of Sr isotopic fractionation during biological uptake and incorporation into calcified structures and, second, that scales may represent an interesting nonlethal alternative for (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratio measurements in comparison to otoliths. Considering the wide range of (87)Sr/(86)Sr variations that exist across Amazonian rivers, we used variations of (87)Sr/(86)Sr to discriminate fish origin at the basin level, as well as at the sub-basin level between the river and savannah lakes of the Beni River (Madeira basin).

Global imprint of historical connectivity on freshwater fish biodiversity. - Dias, Murilo S; Thierry Oberdorff; Bernard Hugueny; Leprieur, Fabien; Jézéquel, Céline; Cornu, Jean-François; Brosse, Sébastien; Grenouillet, Gael; Pablo Tedesco (Ecol Lett, 2014)
The relative importance of contemporary and historical processes is central for understanding biodiversity patterns. While several studies show that past conditions can partly explain the current biodiversity patterns, the role of history remains elusive. We reconstructed palaeo-drainage basins under lower sea level conditions (Last Glacial Maximum) to test whether the historical connectivity between basins left an imprint on the global patterns of freshwater fish biodiversity. After controlling for contemporary and past environmental conditions, we found that palaeo-connected basins displayed greater species richness but lower levels of endemism and beta diversity than did palaeo-disconnected basins. Palaeo-connected basins exhibited shallower distance decay of compositional similarity, suggesting that palaeo-river connections favoured the exchange of fish species. Finally, we found that a longer period of palaeo-connection resulted in lower levels of beta diversity. These findings reveal the first unambiguous results of the role played by history in explaining the global contemporary patterns of biodiversity.
Keywords: Animals; Biodiversity; Environment; Fishes; Fresh Water; Models, Biological

Ground-dwelling arthropod community across braided landscape mosaics: a Mediterraen perspective - Datry, Thibault; Corti, Roland; Belletti, Barbara; Piégay, Hervé (Freshwater Biology, 2014)
Keywords: beta-diversity; chronosequence; floodplain; Lycosidae; natural flow regime

Hemocyte morphology and phagocytic activity in the common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis). - Le Pabic, C; Goux, Didier; Guillamin, Maryline; Safi, Georges; Jean-Marc Lebel; Siméoni Koueta-Noussithé; Antoine Serpentini (Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2014)
Little is known about the immune system of cephalopods, in spite of their many highly derived characters within the molluscan clade, including a vertebrate-like high-pressure closed circulatory system. Further the economic importance of cephalopod fisheries, potential for aquaculture, and use as ecotoxicology models demand a thorough understanding of their immune system. In this study, we present a comprehensive characterization of hemocytes in the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. Cytological stainings, electron microscopy- and flow cytometry-observations highlight a single granulocyte population with various densities of eosinophilic granules and unstained vesicles. These hemocytes contain acid phosphatase-, lysozyme- and proPO system enzymes, and have high activity in bead phagocytosis assays. Interestingly, bead pre-incubation in plasma results in time-dependent aggregation perhaps resulting from hemocyanin-coating, and decrease in phagocytosis. This study provides the basis for understanding hemocyte-mediated immunity in the common cuttlefish, and essential background for future studies on cephalopod immunity.

Histological development of the digestive system of the Amazonian pimelodid catfish Pseudoplatystoma punctifer. - Gisbert, E; Moreira, C; Castro-Ruiz, D; Oztürk, S; Fernández, C; Gilles, S; Jesus Nuñez-Rodriguez; Fabrice Duponchelle; Salvador Tello; Renno, J F; García-Dávila, C; Darias, Maria (Animal, 2014)
The organogenesis of the digestive system was described in the Amazonian pimelodid catfish species Pseudoplatystoma punctifer from hatching (3.5 mm total length, TL) to 41 days post-fertilization (dpf) (58.1 mm TL) reared at 28°C. Newly hatched larvae showed a simple digestive tract, which appeared as a straight undifferentiated and unfolded tube lined by a single layer of columnar epithelial cells (future enterocytes). During the endogenous feeding period, comprised between 20 and 96 h post-fertilization (3.5 to 6.1 mm TL), the larval digestive system experienced a fast transformation with the almost complete development and differentiation of most of digestive organs (buccopahrynx, oesophagus, intestine, liver and exocrine pancreas). Yolk reserves were not completely depleted at the onset of exogenous feeding (4 dpf, 6.1 mm TL), and a period of mixed nutrition was observed up to 6 to 7 dpf (6.8 to 7.3 mm TL) when yolk was definitively exhausted. The stomach was the organ that latest achieved its complete differentiation, characterized by the development of abundant gastric glands in the fundic stomach between 10 and 15 dpf (10.9 to 15.8 mm TL) and the formation of the pyloric sphincter at the junction of the pyloric stomach and the anterior intestine at 15 dpf (15.8 mm TL). The above-mentioned morphological and histological features observed suggested the achievement of a digestive system characteristic of P. punctifer juveniles and adults. The ontogeny of the digestive system in P. punctifer followed the same general pattern as in most Siluriform species so far, although some species-specific differences in the timing of differentiation of several digestive structures were noted, which might be related to different reproductive guilds, egg and larval size or even different larval rearing practices. According to present findings on the histological development of the digestive system in P. punctifer, some recommendations regarding the rearing practices of this species are also provided in order to improve the actual larval rearing techniques of this fast-growing Neotropical catfish species.

Historical assemblage distinctiveness and the introduction of widespread non-native species explain worldwide change in freshwater fish taxonomic dissimilarity - A. Toussaint; O. Beauchard; Thierry Oberdorff; S. Brosse (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2014)

Historical assemblage distinctiveness and the introduction of widespread non-native species explain worldwide change in freshwater fish taxonomic dissimilarity - A. Toussaint; O. Beauchard; Thierry Oberdorff; S. Brosse; S. Villéger (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2014)

How does the resuspension of the biofilm alter the functioning of the benthos-pelagos coupled food web of a bare mudflat in Marennes-Oléron Bay (NE Atlantic)? - Saint-Béat, B.; Christine Dupuy; Agogué, H.; Alexandre Carpentier; Chalumeau, J.; Como, S.; David, V.; De Crignis, M.; Duchêne, J.-C.; Fontaine, C.; Eric Feunteun; Katell Guizien; et al. (Journal of Sea Research, 2014)

How does the resuspension of the biofilm alter the functioning of the benthos–pelagos coupled food web of a bare mudflat in Marennes-Oléron Bay (NE Atlantic)? - Saint-Béat, B; Christine Dupuy; Agogue, Helene; Alexandre Carpentier; Chalumeau, J; Como, Serena; David, Valérie; Margot de Crignis; Duchêne, J C; Fontaine, C; others (Journal of sea research, 2014)

In vitro effect of five pharmaceuticals on the viability of the European abalone hemocytes, Haliotis tuberculata - Letullier, Amandine; Minguez, Laetitia; Katherine Costil; Halm-Lemeille, Marie-Pierre; Jean-Marc Lebel; Antoine Serpentini (J xenobiotics, 2014)
Keywords: cell viability; Haliotis tuberculata; hemocyte; in vitro; pharmaceuticals

An integrated closed system for fish-plankton aquaculture in Amazonian fresh water. - Gilles, S; Ismiño, R; Sánchez, H; Frank David; Jesus Nuñez-Rodriguez; Dugué, R; Darias, Maria; Römer, U (Animal, 2014)
A prototype of an integrated closed system for fish-plankton aquaculture was developed in Iquitos (Peruvian Amazonia) in order to cultivate the Tiger Catfish, Pseudoplatystoma punctifer (Castelnau, 1855). This freshwater recirculating system consisted of two linked sewage tanks with an intensive rearing unit (a cage) for P. punctifer placed in the first, and with a fish-plankton trophic chain replacing the filters commonly used in clear water closed systems. Detritivorous and zooplanktivorous fishes (Loricariidae and Cichlidae), maintained without external feeding in the sewage volume, mineralized organic matter and permitted the stabilization of the phytoplankton biomass. Water exchange and organic waste discharge were not necessary. In this paper we describe the processes undertaken to equilibrate this ecosystem: first the elimination of an un-adapted spiny alga, Golenkinia sp., whose proliferation was favored by the presence of a small rotifer, Trichocerca sp., and second the control of this rotifer proliferation via the introduction of two cichlid species, Acaronia nassa Heckel, 1840 and Satanoperca jurupari Heckel, 1840, in the sewage part. This favored some development of the green algae Nannochloris sp. and Chlorella sp. At that time we took the opportunity to begin a 3-month rearing test of P. punctifer. The mean specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of P. punctifer were 1.43 and 1.27, respectively, and the global FCR, including fish in the sewage part, was 1.08. This system has proven to be suitable for growing P. punctifer juveniles out to adult, and provides several practical advantages compared with traditional recirculating clear water systems, which use a combination of mechanical and biological filters and require periodic waste removal, leading to water and organic matter losses.

Interacting Regional Scale Regime Shifts for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services - P. Leadley; V. Proença; Juan F. Fernández-Manjarrés; H.M. Pereira; R. Alkemade; R. Biggs; E. Bruley; W. Cheung; D. Cooper; J. Figueiredo; E. Gilman; S. Guénette; et al. (BioScience, 2014)

Interactive effects of irradiance and temperature on growth and domoic acid production of the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis (Bacillariophyceae) - Thorel, Maxine; Juliette Fauchot; Morelle, Jérôme; Raimbault, V; Le Rou, B; Miossec, C; Kientz-Bouchard, V; Pascal Claquin (Harmful Algae, 2014)
The influence of temperature and light on the growth, physiology and domoic acid (DA) production of the pennate toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis isolated from the English Channel was studied in semicontinuous culture. The effects of eight irradiances (35–400 mmol photons m2 s-1) and a temperature gradient (3.5–25.5 8C) were investigated. The highest growth rates (0.47–0.83 d-1) were observed between 18.6 and 13.5 8C, with an optimum irradiance for growth at 100 mmol photons m2 s-1. A decrease in the optimum growth temperature was observed with an increase in irradiance. Cell chlorophyll a content decreased at both low and high extreme temperatures and high irradiances. Stable and high values of Fv/Fm ratios below 21.8C highlight the great acclimation capacity of P. australis, which may explain its wide biogeographic distribution. The strain studied produced DA without nutrient limitation and during exponential growth although at lower levels than in other studies (0.15– 2.0 pg DA cell-1). Results underline the importance of light–temperature interactions for growth and DA production. Toxin production increased with increasing temperature and light, and DA production increased exponentially with the growth rate. These results show that DA is not only produced under nutrient stress or by unhealthy cells in P. australis. This study underlines the need to take the ability of P. australis to produce DA during the exponential growth into consideration to understand the link between toxin production and bloom dynamics. These results will not only help explore the processes involved, but also help parameterize future models of growth and DA production especially for P. australis.
Keywords: Domoic acid; Growth Irradiance; Pseudo-nitzschia australis; Temperature

Intra- and inter-specific variation in size and habitus of two sibling spider species (Araneae: Lycosidae): taxonomic and biogeographic insights from sampling across Europe - Puzin, C; Leroy, Boris; Petillon, J (Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014)

The IPOCAMP pressure incubator for deep-sea fauna - Bruce Shillito; Françoise Gaill; Juliette Ravaux (J Mar Sci Technol, 2014)

Irreplaceable area extends marine conservation hotspot off Tunisia: insights from GPS-tracking Scopoli’s shearwaters from the largest seabird colony in the Mediterranean - Grémillet, David; Clara Péron; Pons, Jean-Baptiste; Ouni, Rhida; Authier, Matthieu; Thévenet, Matthieu; Fort, Jérôme (Marine biology, 2014)

Isolement, Culture et Analyses Toxicologiques de Souches de Micro-Algues et de Cyanobactéries des Eaux Thermales de Balaruc-les-Bains. - Sahima Hamlaoui (2014)
Compte-tenu du niveau de saturation et de vétusté des établissements « Athéna » et « Hespérides », un nouveau complexe thermal, certifié ISO 9001, ouvrira ses portes en février 2015. De plus, la fabrication des boues de la station de Balaruc-les-Bains ne permet plus de répondre aux critères de maîtrise de la sécurité sanitaire. En effet, au vu du potentiel toxique de certaines cyanobactéries, l’utilisation du péloïde peut poser un risque sanitaire. C’est ainsi que les pouvoirs publics demandent de plus en plus aux exploitants du thermalisme de garantir une très bonne qualité sanitaire de leurs produits thermaux et notamment celle de la boue. Dans ce contexte, un nouveau processus de fabrication de la boue sera mis en œuvre en réponse aux nouvelles exigences. La présente étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de la modernisation du procédé de fabrication de la boue thermale du nouvel établissement de Balaruc-les-Bains. La station thermale a fait appel à l'équipe "Cyanobactéries, Cyanotoxines et Environnement" de l’UMR 7245 MNHN/CNRS dans le cadre d’une convention de recherche autour de ses compétences en écotoxicologie et en taxinomie du phytoplancton. En effet, l’équipe conduit depuis plusieurs années différents travaux de recherche sur les micro-algues et les cyanobactéries aussi bien planctoniques que benthiques, dans des milieux variés. Elle dispose également de plusieurs outils analytiques permettant d’évaluer le risque toxique lié aux cyanobactéries. De plus, le MNHN détient une collection de micro-algues et de cyanobactéries importante qui permet la conservation d’un grand nombre d’espèces (http://mcam.mnhn.fr//Collections/Cyanobacteries.htm). Les objectifs de l’étude ont été définis comme suit: 1. identifier et quantifier les populations de micro-algues et des cyanobactéries des eaux thermales de Balaruc-les-Bains in situ en relation avec les paramètres physico-chimiques du milieu. Les échantillons qui font l’objet de cette étude se composent de matériel se développant à l'extérieur sur un lit de boue sur lequel s'écoule de l'eau thermale à 30-35°C. Cette microflore participe à la spécificité du péloïde de Balaruc-les-Bains; 2. isoler et cultiver les différentes espèces de micro-algues et de cyanobactéries représentatives pouvant avoir un intérêt thérapeutique pour la station thermale. Le but, en l’occurrence, est d’obtenir in vitro une représentation fidèle de la dominance de la microflore algale et de cyanobactéries observée in situ. Le souhait de l’exploitant est de reconstituer la « recette historique » du péloïde de la station thermale; 3. évaluer le potentiel toxique lié aux cyanotoxines majeures des espèces isolées (Tableau 5). En effet, les cyanobactéries peuvent produire des métabolites toxiques lors de la lyse cellulaire. La recherche de toxicité nécessite l’utilisation d’outils analytiques (immunologiques, moléculaires et chimiques) et de biomasses suffisantes. À l’issu de cette étude, et sur la base de critère d’innocuité des souches (absence de production de cyanotoxines) une sélection de taxa sera proposée en concertation avec les interlocuteurs scientifiques de la station thermale de Balaruc-les-Bains. Les espèces retenues seront conservées dans la collection de micro-algues et de cyanobactéries du MNHN et serviront pour inoculer la boue au cours du nouveau processus de fabrication du péloïde de Balaruc-les-Bains.

The Jumonji gene family in Crassostrea gigas suggests evolutionary conservation of Jmj-C histone demethylases orthologues in the oyster gametogenesis and development. - Alexandre Fellous; Pascal Favrel; Guo, Ximing; Guillaume Rivière (Gene, 2014)
Jumonji (Jmj) proteins are histone demethylases, which control the identity of stem cells. Jmj genes were characterized from plants to mammals where they have been implicated in the epigenetic regulation of development. Despite the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas representing one of the most important aquaculture resources worldwide, the molecular mechanisms governing the embryogenesis and reproduction of this lophotrochozoan species remain poorly understood. However, annotations in the C. gigas EST library suggested the presence of putative Jumonji genes, raising the question of the conservation of this family of histone demethylases in the oyster. Using Primer walking, 5'-RACE PCR and in silico analyses, we characterized nine Jumonji orthologues in the oyster, called Cg-Jmj, bearing conserved domains critical for putative histone demethylase activity. Phylogenic analyses revealed that oyster Jumonji cluster into two distinct groups: 'single-domain Jmj' and 'multi-domain Jmj', and define 8 subgroups corresponding to each cognate orthologues in metazoans. RT-qPCR investigations showed specific regulations of Cg-Jmj mRNAs during the early development and along the reproduction cycle. Furthermore, in situ and in toto hybridizations indicate that oyster Jumonji genes are transcribed mostly within the gonad in adult oysters whereas they display a ubiquitous expression during embryonic and larval development. Our study demonstrates the presence of nine Jumonji orthologues in the oyster C. gigas. Their domain conservation and their expression profile suggest an implication during reproduction and development, questioning about the epigenetic regulation by histone methylation in lophotrochozoans.
Keywords: Animals; Base Sequence; Conserved Sequence; Crassostrea; Evolution, Molecular; Gametogenesis; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; RNA, Messenger

Large and local-scale influences on physical and chemical characteristics of coastal waters of Western Europe during winter - Paul Tréguer; Goberville, Eric; Barrier, Nicolas; Stéphane L'Helguen; Morin, Pascal; Bozec, Yann; Rimmelin-Maury, Peggy; Czamanski, Marie; Emilie Grossteffan; Cariou, Thierry; Répécaud, Michel; Quéméner, Loic (Journal of Marine Systems, 2014)
There is now a strong scientific consensus that coastal marine systems of Western Europe are highly sensitive to the combined effects of natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change. However, it still remains challenging to assess the spatial and temporal scales at which climate influence operates. While large-scale hydro-climatic indices, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) or the East Atlantic Pattern (EAP) and the weather regimes such as the Atlantic Ridge (AR), are known to be relevant predictors of physical processes, changes in coastal waters can also be related to local hydro-meteorological and geochemical forcing. Here, we study the temporal variability of physical and chemical characteristics of coastal waters located at about 48°N over the period 1998-2013 using (1) sea surface temperature, (2) sea surface salinity and (3) nutrient concentration observations for two coastal sites located at the outlet of the Bay of Brest and off Roscoff, (4) river discharges of the major tributaries close to these two sites and (5) regional and local precipitation data over the region of interest. Focusing on the winter months, we characterize the physical and chemical variability of these coastal waters and document changes in both precipitation and river runoffs. Our study reveals that variability in coastal waters is connected to the large-scale North Atlantic atmospheric circulation but is also partly explained by local river influences. Indeed, while the NAO is strongly related to changes in sea surface temperature at the Brest and Roscoff sites, the EAP and the AR have a major influence on precipitations, which in turn modulate river discharges that impact sea surface salinity at the scale of the two coastal stations. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: Climate variability; Coastal systems; Large-scale hydro-climatic indices; River inputs; Time-series; Weather regimes

Long-term studies of Crozet Island killer whales are fundamental to understanding the economic and demographic consequences of their depredation behaviour on the Patagonian toothfish fishery. - Tixier, P; Guinet, C; Nicolas Gasco (ICES journal of marine science, 2014)

Looking for the bird Kiss: evolutionary scenario in sauropsids. - Pasquier, Jérémy; Anne-Gaelle Lafont; Karine Rousseau; Quérat, Bruno; Chemineau, Philippe; Sylvie Dufour (BMC Evol Biol, 2014)
BACKGROUND: The neuropeptide Kiss and its receptor KissR are key-actors in the brain control of reproduction in mammals, where they are responsible for the stimulation of the activity of GnRH neurones. Investigation in other vertebrates revealed up to 3 Kiss and 4 KissR paralogs, originating from the two rounds of whole genome duplication in early vertebrates. In contrast, the absence of Kiss and KissR has been suggested in birds, as no homologs of these genes could be found in current genomic databases. This study aims at addressing the question of the existence, from an evolutionary perspective, of the Kisspeptin system in birds. It provides the first large-scale investigation of the Kisspeptin system in the sauropsid lineage, including ophidian, chelonian, crocodilian, and avian lineages. RESULTS: Sauropsid Kiss and KissR genes were predicted from multiple genome and transcriptome databases by TBLASTN. Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses were performed to classify predicted sauropsid Kiss and KissR genes and to re-construct the evolutionary scenarios of both gene families across the sauropsid radiation.Genome search, phylogenetic and synteny analyses, demonstrated the presence of two Kiss genes (Kiss1 and Kiss2 types) and of two KissR genes (KissR1 and KissR4 types) in the sauropsid lineage. These four genes, also present in the mammalian lineage, would have been inherited from their common amniote ancestor. In contrast, synteny analyses supported that the other Kiss and KissR paralogs are missing in sauropsids as in mammals, indicating their absence in the amniote lineage. Among sauropsids, in the avian lineage, we demonstrated the existence of a Kiss2-like gene in three bird genomes. The divergence of these avian Kiss2-like sequences from those of other vertebrates, as well as their absence in the genomes of some other birds, revealed the processes of Kiss2 gene degeneration and loss in the avian lineage. CONCLUSION: These findings contribute to trace back the evolutionary history of the Kisspeptin system in amniotes and sauropsids, and provide the first molecular evidence of the existence and fate of a Kiss gene in birds.
Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Avian Proteins; Biological Evolution; Birds; Humans; Kisspeptins; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Reptiles; Sequence Alignment; Synteny

Maintenance of potential spermatogonial stem cells in vitro by GDNF treatment in a chondrichthyan model (Scyliorhinus canicula L.). - Aude Gautier; Bosseboeuf, A; Auvray, P; Pascal Sourdaine (Biol Reprod, 2014)
Previous work in dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, has identified the testicular germinative area as the spermatogonial stem cell niche. In the present study, an in vitro co-culture system of spermatogonia and somatic cells from the germinative area was developed. Long-term maintenance of spermatogonia has been successful, and addition of GDNF has promoted the development of clones of spermatogonia expressing stem cell characteristics such as alkaline phosphatase activity and has allowed maintenance of self-renewal in spermatogonia for at least 5 mo under culture conditions, notably by decreasing cell apoptosis. Furthermore, clones of spermatogonia expressed the receptor of GDNF, GFRalpha1, which is consistent with the effect of GDNF on cells despite the lack of identification of a GDNF sequence in the dogfish's transcriptome. However, a sequence homologous to artemin has been identified, and in silico analysis supports the hypothesis that artemin could replace GDNF in the germinative area in dogfish. This study, as the first report on long-term in vitro maintenance of spermatogonia in a chondrichthyan species, suggests that the GFRalpha1 signaling function in self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells is probably conserved in gnathostomes.

Management of infralittoral habitats: Towards a seascape scale approach - Cheminée, A.; Eric Feunteun; Clerici, S.; Cousin, B.; Patrice Francour (Underwater Seascapes: From Geographical to Ecological Perspectives, 2014)

Marine biological shifts and climate - Grégory Beaugrand; Goberville, Eric; Christophe Luczak; Richard R Kirby (Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2014)
Phenological, biogeographic and community shifts are among the reported responses of marine ecosystems and their species to climate change. However, despite both the profound consequences for ecosystem functioning and ser- vices, our understanding of the root causes underlying these biological changes remains rudimentary. Here, we show that a significant proportion of the responses of species and communities to climate change are determinis- tic at some emergent spatio-temporal scales, enabling testable predictions and more accurate projections of future changes.We propose a theory based on the concept of the ecological niche to connect phenological, biogeographic and long-term community shifts. The theory explains approximately 70{%} of the phenological and biogeographic shifts of a key zooplankton Calanus finmarch- icus in the North Atlantic and approximately 56{%} of the long-term shifts in copepods observed in the North Sea during the period 1958–2009.
Keywords: environmental science

A microbiological and biogeochemical investigation of the cold seep tubeworm Escarpia southwardae (Annelida: Siboglinidae): Symbiosis and trace element composition of the tube - Sébastien Duperron; Sylvie M Gaudron; Lemaître, Nolwenn; Bayon, Germain (Deep-Sea Research Part I - Oceanographic Research Papers, 2014)

Migration behaviour of silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) in a large estuary of Western Europe inferred from acoustic telemetry - Bultel, E.; Lasne, E.; Anthony Acou; Guillaudeau, J.; Bertier, C.; Eric Feunteun (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2014)

Mitigating killer whale depredation on demersal longline fisheries by changing fishing practice. - Tixier, P; Vacquie-Garcia, J; Nicolas Gasco; Guinet, C (ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2014)

Modeling marine shad distribution using data from French bycatch fishery surveys - Thomas Trancart; Rochette, S.; Anthony Acou; Lasne, E.; Eric Feunteun (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2014)

Molecular evolution of GPCRs: Kisspeptin/kisspeptin receptors. - Pasquier, J; Kamech, Nedia; Anne-Gaelle Lafont; H Vaudry; Karine Rousseau; Sylvie Dufour (J. Mol. Endocrinol., 2014)

Morphological and molecular evidence of three species of pikes Esox spp. (Actinopterygii, Esocidae) in France, including the description of a new species - Denys, Gaël; Dettai, Agnès; Persat, Henri; Mélyne Hautecoeur; Philippe Keith (Comptes Rendus Biologies, 2014)
This integrative taxonomy study of French pikes compares morphological characters and molecular sequence data (mitochondrial COI and nuclear Plagl2 genes). In addition to the expected E. lucius, DNA sequences and morphology both support a new species in France, E. aquitanicus sp. nov. from the Charente to the Adour drainages. It is characterized by a color pattern of sides with narrow 1–1.5-scale-wide oblique vertical bands, conferring it a marbled coat, a snout only 0.9 times larger than the postorbital length, an anal fin basis 1.1–1.2 times larger than the caudal peduncle length, 101 to 121 lateral scales, 53 to 57 vertebrae, as well as 24 diagnostic sites in the COI gene and 3 in the Plagl2 gene. Partial COI sequences (131bp) from modern and historical specimens indicate also the presence of E. cisalpinus and E. lucius during the 19th century in Lake Geneva. Morphological and molecular data points to a possible hybridization between E. lucius with both other local pike species, representing a risk for them. Their endangerment status should be evaluated rapidly in order to take conservation measures.
Keywords: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1; Esox aquitanicus; Esox cisalpinus; France; Integrative taxonomy; New species; Pleiomorphic adenoma gene-like 2

A multilocus molecular phylogeny of combtooth blennies (Percomorpha: Blennioidei: Blenniidae): multiple invasions of intertidal habitats. - Hundt, Peter J; Samuel Iglesias; Hoey, Andrew S; Simons, Andrew M (Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2014)
The combtooth blennies (f. Blenniidae) is a diverse family of primarily marine fishes with approximately 387 species that inhabit subtidal, intertidal, supralittoral habitats in tropical and warm temperate regions throughout the world. The Blenniidae has typically been divided into six groups based on morphological characters: Blenniini, Nemophini, Omobranchini, Phenablenniini, Parablenniini, and Salariini. There is, however, considerable debate over the validity of these groups and their relationships. Since little is known about the relationships in this group, other aspects of their evolutionary history, such as habitat evolution and remain unexplored. Herein, we use Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of four nuclear loci (ENC1, myh6, ptr, and tbr1) from 102 species, representing 41 genera, to resolve the phylogeny of the Blenniidae, determine the validity of the previously recognized groupings, and explore the evolution of habitat association using ancestral state reconstruction. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of the resulting 3100bp of DNA sequence produced nearly identical topologies, and identified many well-supported clades. Of these clades, Nemophini was the only traditionally recognized group strongly supported as monophyletic. This highly resolved and thoroughly sampled blenniid phylogeny provides strong evidence that the traditional rank-based classification does not adequately delimit monophyletic groups with the Blenniidae. This phylogeny redefines the taxonomy of the group and supports the use of 13 unranked clades for the classification of blenniids. Ancestral state reconstructions identified four independent invasions of intertidal habitats within the Blenniidae, and subsequent invasions into supralittoral and freshwater habitats from these groups. The independent invasions of intertidal habitats are likely to have played an important role in the evolutionary history of blennies.
Keywords: Animals; Bayes Theorem; Ecosystem; Likelihood Functions; Perciformes; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Multiple thyrotropin β-subunit and thyrotropin receptor-related genes arose during vertebrate evolution. - Gersende Maugars; Sylvie Dufour; Cohen-Tannoudji, Joëlle; Quérat, Bruno (PLoS One, 2014)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is composed of a specific β subunit and an α subunit that is shared with the two pituitary gonadotropins. The three β subunits derive from a common ancestral gene through two genome duplications (1R and 2R) that took place before the radiation of vertebrates. Analysis of genomic data from phylogenetically relevant species allowed us to identify an additional Tshβ subunit-related gene that was generated through 2R. This gene, named Tshβ2, present in cartilaginous fish, little skate and elephant shark, and in early lobe-finned fish, coelacanth and lungfish, was lost in ray-finned fish and tetrapods. The absence of a second type of TSH receptor (Tshr) gene in these species suggests that both TSHs act through the same receptor. A novel Tshβ sister gene, named Tshβ3, was generated through the third genomic duplication (3R) that occurred early in the teleost lineage. Tshβ3 is present in most teleost groups but was lostin tedraodontiforms. The 3R also generated a second Tshr, named Tshrb. Interestingly, the new Tshrb was translocated from its original chromosomic position after the emergence of eels and was then maintained in its new position. Tshrb was lost in tetraodontiforms and in ostariophysians including zebrafish although the latter species have two TSHs, suggesting that TSHRb may be dispensable. The tissue distribution of duplicated Tshβs and Tshrs was studied in the European eel. The endocrine thyrotropic function in the eel would be essentially mediated by the classical Tshβ and Tshra, which are mainly expressed in the pituitary and thyroid, respectively. Tshβ3 and Tshrb showed a similar distribution pattern in the brain, pituitary, ovary and adipose tissue, suggesting a possible paracrine/autocrine mode of action in these non-thyroidal tissues. Further studies will be needed to determine the binding specificity of the two receptors and how these two TSH systems are interrelated.

Multiscale patterns in the diversity and organization of benthic intertidal fauna among French Atlantic estuaries - Hugues Blanchet; Benoît Gouillieux; Sandrine Alizier; Jean-Michel Amouroux; Guy Bachelet; Anne-Laure Barillé; Jean-Claude Dauvin; Xavier de Montaudouin; Valérie Derolez; Nicolas Desroy; Jacques Grall; Antoine Grémare; et al. (Journal of Sea Research, 2014)
Based on a parallel sampling conducted during autumn 2008, a comparative study of the intertidal benthic macrofauna among 10 estuarine systems located along the Channel and Atlantic coasts of France was performed in order to assess the level of fauna similarity among these sites and to identify possible environmental factors involved in the observed pattern at both large (among sites) and smaller (benthic assemblages) scales. More precisely this study focused on unraveling the observed pattern of intertidal benthic fauna composition and diversity observed at among-site scale by exploring both biotic and abiotic factors acting at the among- and within-site scales. Results showed a limited level of similarity at the among-site level in terms of intertidal benthic fauna composition and diversity. The observed pattern did not fit with existing transitional water classification methods based on fish or benthic assemblages developed in the frame of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). More particularly, the coastal plain estuaries displayed higher among-site similarity compared to ria systems. These coastal plain estuaries were characterized by higher influence of river discharge, lower communication with the ocean and high suspended particulate matter levels. On the other hand, the ria-type systems were more dissimilar and different from the coastal plain estuaries. The level of similarity among estuaries was mainly linked to the relative extent of the intertidal “Scrobicularia plana–Cerastoderma edule” and “Tellina tenuis” or “Venus” communities as a possible consequence of salinity regime, suspended matter concentrations and fine particles supply with consequences on the trophic functioning, structure and organization of benthic fauna. Despite biogeographical patterns, the results also suggest that, in the context of the WFD, these estuaries should only be compared on the basis of the most common intertidal habitat occurring throughout all estuarine systems and that the \{EUNIS\} biotope classification might be used for this purpose. In addition, an original inverse relation between γ-diversity and area was shown; however, its relevance might be questioned.
Keywords: Diversity; Estuaries; Macrozoobenthos; Structuring Factors; WFD

Neuroendocrine gene expression reveals a decrease in dopamine D2B receptor with no changes in GnRH system during prepubertal metamorphosis of silvering in wild Japanese eel. - Jeng, Shan-Ru; Wen-Shiun Yueh; Pen, Yi-Ting; Lee, Yan-Horn; Chen, Guan-Ru; Sylvie Dufour; Chang, Ching-Fong (Gen Comp Endocrinol, 2014)
Silvering is a prepubertal metamorphosis preparing the eel to the oceanic reproductive migration. A moderate gonad development occurs during this metamorphosis from the sedentary yellow stage to the migratory silver stage. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular aspects of various endocrine parameters of BPG axis at different ovarian developmental stages in wild yellow and silver female Japanese eels. The GSI of the sampled female eels ranged between 0.18 and 2.3%, corresponding to yellow, pre-silver and silver stages. Gonad histology showed changes from previtellogenic oocytes in yellow eels to early vitellogenic oocytes in silver eels. Both serum E2 and T concentrations significantly increased with ovarian development indicating a significant activation of steroidogenesis during silvering. In agreement with previous studies, significant increases in pituitary gonadotropin beta subunits FSH-β and LH-β transcripts were also measured by qPCR, supporting that the activation of pituitary gonadotropin expression is likely responsible for the significant ovarian development observed during silvering. We investigated for the first time the possible brain neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in the activation of the pituitary gonadotropic function during silvering. By analyzing the expression of genes representative of the stimulatory GnRH control and the inhibitory dopaminergic control. The transcript levels of mGnRH and the three GnRH receptors did not change in the brain and pituitary between yellow and silver stages, suggesting that gene expression of the GnRH system is not significantly activated during silvering. The brain transcript levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, limiting enzyme of DA synthesis did not change during silvering, indicating that the DA synthesis activity was maintained. In contrast, a significant decrease in DA-D2B receptor expression in the forebrain and pituitary was observed, with no changes in DA-D2A receptor. The decrease in the pituitary expression of DA-D2BR during silvering would allow a reduced inhibitory effect of DA. We may raise the hypothesis that this regulation of D2BR gene expression is one of the neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in the slight activation of the pituitary gonadotropin and gonadal activity that occur at silvering.
Keywords: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Dopamine; Eels; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit; Gene Expression Regulation; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Immunoblotting; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit; Metamorphosis, Biological; Neurosecretory Systems; Oocytes; Ovary; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Reproduction; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Sexual Maturation; Skin Pigmentation

NEUROGENESIS IN CEPHALOPODS: “ECO-EVO-DEVO” APPROACH IN THE CUTTLEFISH SEPIA OFFICINALIS (MOLLUSCA-CEPHALOPODA) - Navet, S; Sébastien Baratte; Yann Bassaglia; Aude Andouche; Buresi, Auxane; Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli (Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Taiwan, 2014)
Cephalopods are new evolutionary and ecological models. By their phylogenetic position (Lophotrochozoa, Mollusca), they provide a missing master piece in the whole puzzle of neurodevelopment studies. Their derived and specific nervous system but also their convergence with vertebrates offer abundant materials to question the evolution and development of the nervous system of Metazoa (evo-devo studies). In addition, their various adaptions to different modes of life open new fields of investigation of developmental plasticity according to ecological context (eco-evo-devo approach). In this paper, we review the recent works on cephalopod nervous developmental investigations. We show how cephalopods, and especially Sepia officinalis, an animal of economical interest, can be used as suitable models to extend our knowledge on cephalopod ecology and on nervous system evolution among molluscs.

Neuropeptides encoded by the genomes of the Akoya pearl oyster Pinctata fucata and Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas: a bioinformatic and peptidomic survey. - Stewart, Michael J; Pascal Favrel; Rotgans, Bronwyn A; Wang, Tianfang; Zhao, Min; Sohail, Manzar; O'Connor, Wayne A; Elizur, Abigail; Joël Henry; Cummins, Scott F (BMC Genomics, 2014)
BACKGROUND: Oysters impart significant socio-ecological benefits from primary production of food supply, to estuarine ecosystems via reduction of water column nutrients, plankton and seston biomass. Little though is known at the molecular level of what genes are responsible for how oysters reproduce, filter nutrients, survive stressful physiological events and form reef communities. Neuropeptides represent a diverse class of chemical messengers, instrumental in orchestrating these complex physiological events in other species. RESULTS: By a combination of in silico data mining and peptide analysis of ganglia, 74 putative neuropeptide genes were identified from genome and transcriptome databases of the Akoya pearl oyster, Pinctata fucata and the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, encoding precursors for over 300 predicted bioactive peptide products, including three newly identified neuropeptide precursors PFGx8amide, RxIamide and Wx3Yamide. Our findings also include a gene for the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and two egg-laying hormones (ELH) which were identified from both oysters. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis supports similar global organization of these mature peptides. Computer-based peptide modeling of the molecular tertiary structures of ELH highlights the structural homologies within ELH family, which may facilitate ELH activity leading to the release of gametes. CONCLUSION: Our analysis demonstrates that oysters possess conserved molluscan neuropeptide domains and overall precursor organization whilst highlighting many previously unrecognized bivalve idiosyncrasies. This genomic analysis provides a solid foundation from which further studies aimed at the functional characterization of these molluscan neuropeptides can be conducted to further stimulate advances in understanding the ecology and cultivation of oysters.

New data on freshwater fish of New Caledonia - Philippe Keith; Clara Lord; Taillebois, Laura; Feutry, Pierre (in Guilbert É., Robillard T., Jourdan H., & Grandcolas P.(eds), Zoologia Neocaledonica 8. Biodiversity studies in New Caledonia., 2014)
Since 1861, freshwater fishes have been studied at different periods in New Caledonia. The first list was published in 1915, but the major inventories were done between 1998 and 2003. These inventories allowed the discovery of many new species and the publication, in 2003, of the Atlas of Freshwater fish and crustaceans of New Caledonia, which listed 64 freshwater fish species. Between 2004 and 2010, additional specific surveys were conducted by the MNHN and 9 species were added. Among them, 3 were new for science. Gobiidae family represents 30% of the freshwater fishes of New Caledonia. This high percentage is explained by their particular life cycle adapted to insular systems.

New Sicydiinae phylogeny (Teleostei: Gobioidei) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear genes: insights on systematics and ancestral areas. - Taillebois, Laura; Castelin, Magalie; Clara Lord; Chabarria, Ryan; Dettai, Agnès; Philippe Keith (Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2014)
The Sicydiinae subfamily (Teleostei: Gobioidei) is the biggest contributor to the diversity of fish communities in river systems of tropical islands. These species are found in the Indo-Pacific area, the Caribbean region and West Africa. They spawn in freshwater, their planktotrophic larvae drift downstream to the sea where they develop, before returning to the rivers to grow and reproduce. Hence, they are called amphidromous. Their phylogeny has been explored using a total of 3545 sites from 5 molecular markers (mitochondrial DNA: 16S rDNA, cytochrome oxidase I, cytochrome b; nuclear DNA: rhodopsin gene and a nuclear marker specially developed for this study, the interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 1-IRF2PB1). Sequences were obtained for 59 Sicydiinae specimens of 9 known genera. The Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses support the monophyly of the subfamily as well as the monophylyof all genera except Sicydium, which is paraphyletic. Five major clades were identified within this subfamily. One clade contained the genus Stiphodon. Another clade contained Sicyopterus, Sicydium and Parasicydium with Sicyopterus as sister genus of Sicydium. The non-monophyly of Sicydium subclade, because it includes the monotypic genus Parasicydium, challenged the validity of Parasicydium genus. Ancestral area reconstruction showed that the subfamily emerged in the Central West Pacific region implying that previous hypotheses proposing a dispersal route for Sicydiinae into the Atlantic Ocean are unsupported by the present analysis. Our results suggest that the hypotheses for the dispersal route of the genus Sicydium should be reconsidered.
Keywords: Animals; Bayes Theorem; Cell Nucleus; Cytochromes b; DNA, Mitochondrial; DNA, Ribosomal; Electron Transport Complex IV; Evolution, Molecular; Female; Mitochondria; Perciformes; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA

A new species of Sicyopus (Gobioidei) from Java and Bali - Philippe Keith; Hadiaty, Renny; Frédéric Busson; Hubert, Nicolas (Cybium, 2014)
Sicyopus rubicundus n. sp., a sicydiine goby, is described from specimens collected in streams of Java and Bali (Indonesia). It differs from other species of this amphidromous genus by a combination of characters including a first dorsal fin with five spines in both sexes, a second dorsal fin with one spine and nine segmented rays, an anal fin with one spine and nine segmented rays, and a distinctive body colour in male.
Keywords: Freshwater; Gobiidae; Indonesia; New species; Sicyopus rubicundus

Optimisation du marquage d'oiseaux par la pose de bagues couleurs - Jérôme Fournier; Lionel Moisan (Alauda, 2014)
How to optimize the number of coloured rings on birds? Coloured rings are commonly used to individualize birds. A combination of colour rings enables to find the unique number registered on the metal ring. These colour rings allow to remotely control birds instead of capturing them again. These rings designed to minimize any potential perturbation for the individuals in their movements, but several papers showed considerable effects on the mate choice, the reproduction or the predation. It is often not necessary or not possible to capture hundreds or thousands of individuals to study the biology or the ecology of birds. To study a small bird population, it is possible to get a big number of colour ring combinations without putting a big number of rings. To put fewer rings is more comfortable for the bird and less time consuming during its manipulation. This article proposes solutions to ringers who wish to optimize the number of colour rings. The mathematical propositions show that it is better to systematically use the metal ring as being a part of the combination. It enables to increase very significantly the number of combinations while reducing the number of rings. To put only two colour rings in addition to the metal ring offers enough combinations for most of the field ornithological surveys.

Organisms as cooperative ecosystem engineers in intertidal flats - Passarelli, C; Frédéric Olivier; Paterson, D M; Tarik Meziane; Cédric Hubas (Journal of Sea Research, 2014)
The importance of facilitative interactions and organismal ecosystem engineering for establishing the structure of communities is increasingly being recognised for many different ecosystems. For example, soft-bottom tidal flats host a wide range of ecosystem engineers, probably because the harsh physico-chemical environmental conditions render these species of particular importance for community structure and function. These environments are therefore interesting when focusing on how ecosystem engineers interact and the consequences of these interactions on community dynamics. In this review, we initially detail the influence on benthic systems of two kinds of ecosystem engineers that are particularly common in tidal flats. Firstly, we examine species providing biogenic structures, which are often the only source of habitat complexity in these environments. Secondly, we focus on species whose activities alter sediment stability, which is a crucial feature structuring the dynamics of communities in tidal flats. The impacts of these engineers on both environment and communities were assessed but in addition the interaction between ecosystem engineers was examined. Habitat cascades occur when one engineer favours the development of another, which in turn creates or modifies and improves habitat for other species. Non-hierarchical interactions have often been shown to display non-additive effects, so that the effects of the association cannot be predicted from the effects of individual organisms. Here we propose the term of “cooperative ecosystem engineering” when two species interact in a way which enhances habitat suitability as a result of a combined engineering effect. Finally, we conclude by describing the potential threats for ecosystem engineers in intertidal areas, potential effects on their interactions and their influence on communities and ecosystem function.
Keywords: Biogenic Structure; Cooperative Ecosystem Engineers; Habitat Cascade; Sediment stability; tidal flats

Parasitic chytrids sustain zooplankton growth during inedible algal bloom - Rasconi, S; Grami, Boutheina; Nathalie Niquil; Jobard, Marlène; Sime-Ngando, T (Frontiers in microbiology, 2014)

Peces de Bolivia/Bolivian Fishes - Sarmiento, Jaime; Rémy Bigorne; Carvajal-Vallejos, F M; Maldonado, Mabel; Leciak, Elisabeth; Thierry Oberdorff (Plural editores, 2014)
Desde la última década, el creciente interés por parte de científicos y autoridades nacionales ha dado lugar a avances considerables en el conocimiento de los peces de Bolivia, llegando a una lista de más de 900 especies. Esta riqueza representa el 7 % de todas las especies de agua dulce descritas en el mundo, haciendo de Bolivia uno de los países con mayor diversidad de peces. Este libro, primero de su categoría en Bolivia, presenta una compilación de informaciones sobre una centena de especies de peces, entre las más conocidas o notables, incluyendo fotos, informaciones sobre sus rasgos biológicos y mapas de distribución. Está dirigido a quienes quieren descubrir o conocer más sobre los peces de Bolivia y la biodiversidad en general. Esperamos que el presente trabajo resalte la necesidad de preservar la singularidad que representan las aguas bolivianas con su diversa fauna, y que ayude al pueblo boliviano a conocer mejor y valorar su patrimonio natural.   Since the last decade, an increasing attention from scientists and national authorities has led to significant advances in our knowledge of Bolivian fishes. To date, more than 900 fish species are known to inhabit Bolivian waters. This richness represents 7 % of all freshwater fish species described worldwide, making Bolivia one of the most species rich countries. This book, first of its kind for Bolivia, presents a compilation of information on the most well-known species, including pictures, details on life history traits and maps of distribution. We hope this book will participate in demonstrating the need to preserve the uniqueness that represents the Bolivian waters and their diverse fish fauna, and helping Bolivian people in discovering their natural heritage.

Phytoplankton diversity and community composition along the estuarine gradient of a temperate macrotidal ecosystem: combined morphological and molecular approaches. - Bazin, Pauline; Fabien Jouenne; Friedl, Thomas; Deton-Cabanillas, Anne-Flore; Bertrand Le Roy; Benoît Véron (PLoS One, 2014)
Microscopical and molecular analyses were used to investigate the diversity and spatial community structure of spring phytoplankton all along the estuarine gradient in a macrotidal ecosystem, the Baie des Veys (eastern English Channel). Taxa distribution at high tide in the water column appeared to be mainly driven by the tidal force which superimposed on the natural salinity gradient, resulting in a two-layer flow within the channel. Lowest taxa richness and abundance were found in the bay where Teleaulax-like cryptophytes dominated. A shift in species composition occurred towards the mouth of the river, with the diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis dramatically accumulating in the bottom waters of the upstream brackish reach. Small thalassiosiroid diatoms dominated the upper layer river community, where taxa richness was higher. Through the construction of partial 18S rDNA clone libraries, the microeukaryotic diversity was further explored for three samples selected along the surface salinity gradient (freshwater - brackish - marine). Clone libraries revealed a high diversity among heterotrophic and/or small-sized protists which were undetected by microscopy. Among them, a rich variety of Chrysophyceae and other lineages (e.g. novel marine stramenopiles) are reported here for the first time in this transition area. However, conventional microscopy remains more efficient in revealing the high diversity of phototrophic taxa, low in abundances but morphologically distinct, that is overlooked by the molecular approach. The differences between microscopical and molecular analyses and their limitations are discussed here, pointing out the complementarities of both approaches, for a thorough phytoplankton community description.

Planktonic food webs revisited : reanalysis of results from the linear inverse approach - Sakka-Hlaili, A; Nathalie Niquil; Legendre, L (Progress in Oceanography, 2014)
Identification of the trophic pathway that dominates a given planktonic assemblage is generally based on the distribution of biomasses among food-web compartments, or better, the flows of materials or energy among compartments. These flows are obtained by field observations and a posteriori analyses, including the linear inverse approach. In the present study, we re-analysed carbon flows obtained by inverse analysis at 32 stations in the global ocean and one large lake. Our results do not support two “classical” views of plankton ecology, i.e. that the herbivorous food web is dominated by mesozooplankton grazing on large phytoplankton, and the microbial food web is based on microzooplankton significantly consuming bacteria; our results suggest instead that phytoplankton are generally grazed by microzooplankton, of which they are the main food source. Furthermore, we identified the “phyto-microbial food web”, where microzooplankton largely feed on phytoplankton, in addition to the already known “poly-microbial food web”, where microzooplankton consume more or less equally various types of food. These unexpected results led to a (re)definition of the conceptual models corresponding to the four trophic pathways we found to exist in plankton, i.e. the herbivorous, multivorous, and two types of microbial food web. We illustrated the conceptual trophic pathways using carbon flows that were actually observed at representative stations. The latter can be calibrated to correspond to any field situation. Our study also provides researchers and managers with operational criteria for identifying the dominant trophic pathway in a planktonic assemblage, these criteria being based on the values of two carbon ratios that could be calculated from flow values that are relatively easy to estimate in the field.

Prophenoloxidase system, lysozyme and protease inhibitor distribution in the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis - Le Pabic, C; Safi, Georges; Antoine Serpentini; Jean-Marc Lebel; Jean-Paul Robin; Siméoni Koueta-Noussithé (2014)

Protecting honey bees: identification of a new varroacide by in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies. - Dulin, Fabienne; Céline Zatylny-Gaudin; Ballandonne, Céline; Guillet, Bertrand; Bonafos, Romain; Bureau, Ronan; Halm, Marie Pierre (Parasitol Res, 2014)
Varroa destructor is the main concern related to the gradual decline of honeybees. Nowadays, among the various acaricides used in the control of V. destructor, most presents increasing resistance. An interesting alternative could be the identification of existent molecules as new acaricides with no effect on honeybee health. We have previously constructed the first 3D model of AChE for honeybee. By analyzing data concerning amino acid mutations implicated in the resistance associated to pesticides, it appears that pirimicarb should be a good candidate for varroacide. To check this hypothesis, we characterized the AChE gene of V. destructor. In the same way, we proposed a 3D model for the AChE of V. destructor. Starting from the definition of these two 3D models of AChE in honeybee and varroa, a comparison between the gorges of the active site highlighted some major differences and particularly different shapes. Following this result, docking studies have shown that pirimicarb adopts two distinct positions with the strongest intermolecular interactions with VdAChE. This result was confirmed with in vitro and in vivo data for which a clear inhibition of VdAChE by pirimicarb at 10 μM (contrary to HbAChE) and a 100% mortality of varroa (dose corresponding to the LD50 (contact) for honeybee divided by a factor 100) were observed. These results demonstrate that primicarb could be a new varroacide candidate and reinforce the high relationships between in silico, in vitro, and in vivo data for the design of new selective pesticides.

Quantifying phytoplankton communities using spectral fluorescence: the effects of species composition and physiological state - Escoffier, Nicolas; Bernard, Cécile; Sahima Hamlaoui; Groleau, Alexis; Catherine, Arnaud (Journal of Plankton Research, 2014)

Quantifying seasonality along a latitudinal gradient: from stream temperature to growth of invasive mosquitofish - Carmona-Catot, Gerard; Santos, Alejandra F. G. N.; Pablo Tedesco; Garcia-Berthou, Emili (Ecosphere, 2014)

Reaction of an estuarine food web to disturbance: Lindeman’s perspective - Nathalie Niquil; Baeta, Alexandra; Marques, João Carlos; Chaalali, Aurélie; Lobry, Jeremy; Patrício, Joana (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2014)

Relevance of macrozoobenthic grazers to understand the dynamic behaviour of sediment erodibility and microphytobenthos resuspension in sunny summer conditions - Francis Orvain; Katell Guizien; Sébastien Lefebvre; Martine Bréret; Christine Dupuy (Journal of Sea Research, 2014)

Seasonal dynamics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in surface sediments of a diatom-dominated intertidal mudflat (Marennes–Oléron, France) - Guillaume Pierre; Jean-Michel Zhao; Francis Orvain; Christine Dupuy; Géraldine Klein; Marianne Graber; Thierry Maugard (Journal of Sea Research, 2014)

Seasonal Pattern of the Biogeochemical Properties of Mangrove Sediments Receiving Shrimp Farm Effluents (New Caledonia) - Cyril Marchand; Molnar, N; Deborde, J; Patrona, LC; Tarik Meziane (Journal of acquaculture research & development, 2014)

Seasonal variation of marine snow-associated and ambient water prokaryotic communities in the northern Adriatic Sea - Vojvoda, Jana; Lamy, Dominique; Sintes, Eva; Garcia, Juan AL; Turk, Valentina; Gerhard J Herndl (Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 2014)

Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) metamorphic larvae are more sensitive to pseudo-albinism induced by high dietary arachidonic acid levels than post-metamorphic larvae - Boglino, A; Wishkerman, A; Darias, Maria; de la Iglesia, P; Andree, K B; Gisbert, E; Estévez, A (Aquaculture, 2014)
Abstract High dietary levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) and its relative proportions with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), fed during early larval stages, have been associated with malpigmentation in various flatfish species. This study investigated whether the nutritional induction of pigmentary disorders at larval stages was related to a specific larval period of increased sensitivity to \{ARA\} in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858). Senegalese sole larvae were fed high dietary \{ARA\} levels during pre- and pro-metamorphosis (2–15 dph) and/or post-metamorphosis (15–50 dph). Larval tissues reflected the dietary fatty acid composition. Malpigmentations were significantly related to elevated dietary and larval \{ARA\} contents and ARA/EPA ratio. This study reports evidence for a “pigmentation window”, with a higher larval sensitivity to dietary \{ARA\} during pre- and pro-metamorphosis than post-metamorphosis. High dietary \{ARA\} fed to larvae during pre-metamorphosis enhanced survival, but did not affect growth nor eye migration. The aspect and density of melanophores in the skin of the ocular side of ARA-induced pseudo-albinos were significantly reduced in comparison to normally pigmented individuals, even more in the pseudo-albino fish fed high dietary \{ARA\} levels during the pre-metamorphic stage. Pseudo-albino fish fed high dietary \{ARA\} levels during post-metamorphosis showed higher concentrations of 2- and 3-series prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGE3) than normally pigmented specimens fed the same diets. An increased sensitivity to ARA-induced malpigmentations has been identified at pre-metamorphosis and early metamorphosis in Senegalese sole. Supplying high dietary \{ARA\} amounts imbalanced the dietary ARA/EPA ratio and disrupted the relative concentrations of derived \{PGE2\} and PGE3, resulting in 20 to 81.7% pseudo-albino individuals, depending on the dietary treatment. The administration of high levels of dietary \{ARA\} at different developmental stages did not only affect the incidence of animals with pigmentary disorders, but it also affect the melanophore density and skin aspect in normally pigmented and pseudoalbino fish as image segmentation and texture analyses indicated.
Keywords: Prostaglandins

Sequential resuspension of biofilm components (viruses, prokaryotes and protists) as measured by erodimetry experiments in the Brouage mudflat (French Atlantic coast) - Christine Dupuy; Clarisse Mallet; Katell Guizien; Hélène Montanié; Martine Bréret; Françoise Mornet; Camille Fontaine; Caroline Nérot; Francis Orvain (Journal of Sea Research, 2014)

Shell extracts from the marine bivalve Pecten maximus regulate the synthesis of extracellular matrix in primary cultured human skin fibroblasts. - Latire, T; Legendre, Florence; Bigot, Nicolas; Carduner, Ludovic; Kellouche, Sabrina; Bouyoucef, Mouloud; Carreiras, Franck; Marin, F; Jean-Marc Lebel; Galéra, Philippe; Antoine Serpentini (PLoS One, 2014)
Mollusc shells are composed of more than 95% calcium carbonate and less than 5% of an organic matrix consisting mostly of proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides. Previous studies have elucidated the biological activities of the shell matrices from bivalve molluscs on skin, especially on the expression of the extracellular matrix components of fibroblasts. In this work, we have investigated the potential biological activities of shell matrix components extracted from the shell of the scallop Pecten maximus on human fibroblasts in primary culture. Firstly, we demonstrated that shell matrix components had different effects on general cellular activities. Secondly, we have shown that the shell matrix components stimulate the synthesis of type I and III collagens, as well as that of sulphated GAGs. The increased expression of type I collagen is likely mediated by the recruitment of transactivating factors (Sp1, Sp3 and human c-Krox) in the -112/-61 bp COL1A1 promoter region. Finally, contrarily to what was obtained in previous works, we demonstrated that the scallop shell extracts have only a small effect on cell migration during in vitro wound tests and have no effect on cell proliferation. Thus, our research emphasizes the potential use of shell matrix of Pecten maximus for dermo-cosmetic applications.

The skeleton of the staghorn coral Acropora millepora: molecular and structural characterization. - Ramos-Silva, Paula; Kaandorp, Jaap; Herbst, Frédéric; Plasseraud, Laurent; Alcaraz, G; Stern, Christine; Corneillat, Marion; Guichard, N; Durlet, Christophe; Gilles Luquet; Marin, F (PLoS One, 2014)
The scleractinian coral Acropora millepora is one of the most studied species from the Great Barrier Reef. This species has been used to understand evolutionary, immune and developmental processes in cnidarians. It has also been subject of several ecological studies in order to elucidate reef responses to environmental changes such as temperature rise and ocean acidification (OA). In these contexts, several nucleic acid resources were made available. When combined to a recent proteomic analysis of the coral skeletal organic matrix (SOM), they enabled the identification of several skeletal matrix proteins, making A. millepora into an emerging model for biomineralization studies. Here we describe the skeletal microstructure of A. millepora skeleton, together with a functional and biochemical characterization of its occluded SOM that focuses on the protein and saccharidic moieties. The skeletal matrix proteins show a large range of isoelectric points, compositional patterns and signatures. Besides secreted proteins, there are a significant number of proteins with membrane attachment sites such as transmembrane domains and GPI anchors as well as proteins with integrin binding sites. These features show that the skeletal proteins must have strong adhesion properties in order to function in the calcifying space. Moreover this data suggest a molecular connection between the calcifying epithelium and the skeletal tissue during biocalcification. In terms of sugar moieties, the enrichment of the SOM in arabinose is striking, and the monosaccharide composition exhibits the same signature as that of mucus of acroporid corals. Finally, we observe that the interaction of the acetic acid soluble SOM on the morphology of in vitro grown CaCO3 crystals is very pronounced when compared with the calcifying matrices of some mollusks. In light of these results, we wish to commend Acropora millepora as a model for biocalcification studies in scleractinians, from molecular and structural viewpoints.
Keywords: Acetic Acid; Amination; Animals; Anthozoa; Bone and Bones; Calcium Carbonate; Crystallization; Gels; Monosaccharides; Proteins; Solubility; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spectrum Analysis, Raman

Status and distribution of Smilosicyopus species (Teleostei, Gobioidei) - Philippe Keith; Taillebois, Laura (Cybium, 2014)
Status and distribution of Smilosicyopus species are unclear, as they are rare, difficult to sample and to distinguish. During thirteen years, many specimens were collected by the MNHN and collaborators in Pacific islands, including samples in all type localities. These specimens were compared and sequenced with COI gene. Seven species over the eight known were confirmed; indeed S. mystax is considered to be a synonym of S. leprurus. Further Smilosicyopus species have finally a broader distribution than thought and endemicity seems to be not the main rule in this genus. A key to species is given.
Keywords: Distribution; Gobiidae; Sicydiinae; Smilosicyopus

Structures of benthic prokaryotic communities and their hydrolytic enzyme activities resuspended from samples of intertidal mudflats: An experimental approach - Clarisse Mallet; Hélène Agogué; Frédérique Bonnemoy; Katell Guizien; Francis Orvain; Christine Dupuy (Journal of Sea Research, 2014)

Synchronous response of marine plankton ecosystems to climate in the Northeast Atlantic and the North Sea - Goberville, Eric; Grégory Beaugrand; Martin Edwards (Journal of Marine Systems, 2014)
Over the last few decades, global warming has accelerated both the rate and magnitude of changes observed in many functional units of the Earth System. In this context, plankton are sentinel organisms because they are sensitive to subtle levels of changes in temperature and might help in identifying the current effects of climate change on pelagic ecosystems. In this paper, we performed a comparative approach in two regions of the North Atlantic (i.e. the Northeast Atlantic and the North Sea) to explore the relationships between changes in marine plankton, the regional physico-chemical environment and large-scale hydro-climatic forcing using four key indices: the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), the East Atlantic (EA) pattern and Northern Hemisphere Temperature (NHT) anomalies. Our analyses suggest that long-term changes in the states of the two ecosystems were synchronous and correlated to the same large-scale hydro-climatic variables: NHT anomalies, the AMO and to a lesser extent the EA pattern. No significant correlation was found between long-term ecosystem modifications and the state of the NAO. Our results suggest that the effect of climate on these ecosystems has mainly occurred in both regions through the modulation of the thermal regime. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: Climate Change; Large-scale hydro-climatic indices; Long-term changes; North Atlantic; Phytoplankton; Zooplankton

Temperature influences histone methylation and mRNA expression of the Jmj-C histone-demethylase orthologues during the early development of the oyster Crassostrea gigas. - Alexandre Fellous; Pascal Favrel; Guillaume Rivière (Mar Genomics, 2014)
In many groups, epigenetic mechanisms influence developmental gene regulation under environmental inputs. The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas belongs to lophotrochozoans and its larval development is highly dependent on temperature, but the role of epigenetic mechanisms in this context is unknown despite high levels of the recently characterized Jumonji histone demethylase (JHDM) orthologues (Cg_Jumonji) suggesting a physiological relevance of histone methylation in the oyster development. Because in other species alterations of the histone methylation pattern have deleterious outcomes, we investigated the influence of temperature during the oyster larval life on histone methylation and JHDM expression. To shed light on this point, oyster embryonic and early larval development experiments were carried out at different temperatures (18°C, 25°C and 32°C). Histone methylation levels were investigated using fluorescent ELISA at 6 and 24h post-fertilization. When compared to the 25°C group, at 18°C H3K4, H3K9 and H3K27 residues were hypomethylated at 6h post fertilization (hpf) and hypermethylated at 24hpf. In contrast, at 32°C, 6hpf animals present a dramatic hypermethylation (ca. 4-fold) of all examined residues, which is minored but sustained at 24hpf. RT-qPCR investigations of the mRNA expression of the nine oyster JHDMs, showed gene- and stage-specific temperature sensitivities throughout the early life of oysters. This study provides evidence of the biological significance of histone methylation during development in a lophotrochozoan species. Our results also indicate that temperature influences histone methylation, possibly through the expression level of putative actors of its regulation, which might participate in developmental control. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating a direct relationship between an epigenetic mark and an environmental parameter in marine molluscs. Such investigations could help better understand the molecular mechanisms of development and adaptation in lophotrochozoans.

Temperature modulates the progression of vitellogenesis in the European eel - Mazzeo, I; Penaranda, David S; Gallego, Victor; Sylvie Baloche; Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, R; Tveiten, Helge; Sylvie Dufour; Asturiano, Juan F; Weltzien, Finn-Arne; Perez, Luz (Aquaculture, 2014)

Three new species of Lentipes (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Indonesia. - Philippe Keith; Hadiaty, Renny; Hubert, Nicolas; Frédéric Busson; Clara Lord (Cybium, 2014)
Three new species of Lentipes (L. argenteus, L. ikeae and L. mekonggaensis), freshwater gobies, are described from streams of Sumatra, Java, Bali and Sulawesi (Indonesia). They differ from other species of the genus by a combination of characters including an urogenital papilla lacking lateral lobes and retractable into a sheath-like groove, the number of pectoral fin rays, the number of scales, tricuspid teeth in the upper jaw, and a specific body colour in males.
Keywords: Bali; Freshwater; Gobiidae; Java; Lentipes; New species; Sulawesi; Sumatra

Tidal and seasonal effects on the short-term temporal patterns of bacteria, microphytobenthos and exopolymers in natural intertidal biofilms (Brouage, France) - Francis Orvain; Margot de Crignis; Katell Guizien; Sébastien Lefebvre; Clarisse Mallet; Takahashi, E; Christine Dupuy (Journal of Sea Research, 2014)

A toolbox to evaluate data reliability for whole-ecosystem models: application on the Bay of Biscay continental shelf food-web model - Géraldine Lassalle; Bourdaud, Pierre; Saint-Béat, B; Rochette, Sébastien; Nathalie Niquil (Ecological modelling, 2014)

Transcriptomic and peptidomic analysis of protein hydrolysates from the white shrimp (L. vannamei). - Robert, Marie; Céline Zatylny-Gaudin; Fournier, Vincent; Corre, Erwan; Gildas Le Corguille; Bernay, Benoît; Joël Henry (J Biotechnol, 2014)
An RNAseq approach associated to mass spectrometry was conducted to assess the composition, molecular mass distribution and primary sequence of hydrolytic peptides issued from hydrolysates of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) by-products. High performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) analyses indicated that 69.2% of the 214-nm-absorbing components had apparent molecular masses below 1000 Da, and 88.3% below 2000 Da. OFFGEL-nLC-MALDI-TOF/TOF and nLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses led to the identification of 808 peptides based on the NCBI EST databank (161,397 entries) completed by the new L. vannamei databank (58,508 entries) that we created from the RNAs of tissues used for hydrolysate production. Whereas most of hydrolytic peptides have a MW below 2000 Da, preliminary investigations of antimicrobial properties revealed three antibacterial fractions that demonstrate functional activities. The abundance of small peptides as well as the biological activities detected could imply very interesting applications for shrimp hydrolysate in the field of aquaculture feeding.

Transcriptomic profiling of gametogenesis in triploid Pacific Oysters Crassostrea gigas: towards an understanding of partial sterility associated with triploidy. - Dheilly, Nolwenn M; Jouaux, Aude; Boudry, Pierre; Pascal Favrel; Christophe Lelong (PLoS One, 2014)
BACKGROUND: Triploidy can occur in many animal species but is often lethal. Among invertebrates, amphibians and fishes, triploids are viable although often sterile or infertile. Most triploids of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas are almost sterile (named "3nβ") yet a low but significant proportion show an advanced gametogenesis (named "3nα"). These oysters thus constitute an interesting model to study the effect of triploidy on germ cell development. We used microarrays to compare the gonad transcriptomes of diploid 2n and the abovementioned triploid 3nβ and 3nα male and female oysters throughout gametogenesis. RESULTS: All triploids displayed an upregulation of genes related to DNA repair and apoptosis and a downregulation of genes associated with cell division. The comparison of 3nα and 3nβ transcriptomes with 2n revealed the likely involvement of a cell cycle checkpoint during mitosis in the successful but delayed development of gonads in 3nα individuals. In contrast, a disruption of sex differentiation mechanisms may explain the sterility of 3nβ individuals with 3nβ females expressing male-specific genes and 3nβ males expressing female-specific genes. CONCLUSIONS: The disruption of sex differentiation and mitosis may be responsible for the impaired gametogenesis of triploid Pacific oysters. The function of the numerous candidate genes identified in our study should now be studied in detail in order to elucidate their role in sex determination, mitosis/meiosis control, pachytene cell cycle checkpoint, and the control of DNA repair/apoptosis.

Trichoplaxin - a new membrane-active antimicrobial peptide from placozoan cDNA. - Simunic, J; Petrov, D; Bouceba, T; Kamech, Nedia; Benincasa, M; Juretic, D (Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2014)

Tropical and temperate freshwater amphidromy: a comparison between life history characteristics of Sicydiinae, ayu, sculpins and galaxiids. - Watanabe, S; Iida, Midori; Clara Lord; Philippe Keith; Tsukamoto, Katsumi (Rev Fish Biol Fisheries, 2014)
Amphidromy is a distinctive form of diadromy, but differences in the life histories of tropical and temperate amphidromous fishes suggest that there are two types of freshwater amphidromy. The life histories of Sicydiinae gobies, ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis), Japanese sculpins (Cottus) and galaxiids (Galaxiidae), suggest that the Sicydiinae are representatives of tropical freshwater amphidromy, whereas ayu, sculpins and galaxiids are representatives of temperate freshwater amphidromy. The Sicydiine larval stage may be required to occur in the ocean for all species, but ayu, sculpins and galaxiids have landlocked or fluvial forms with larvae that do not need to enter the ocean for larval feeding and growth. This suggests that Sicydiine larvae have a high oceanic dependency whereas ayu, sculpins and galaxiid larvae have a low oceanic dependency. Freshwater amphidromous fish in tropical and temperate zones appear to have developed two different strategies in the evolution of their life histories. It is likely that the evolutionary direction of the larval stage of tropical amphidromy is to remain in the sea and that of temperate amphidromy is towards having the ability to remain in freshwater if needed. Tropical and temperate amphidromy appear to be biologically informative categories and evaluations of this hypothesis will facilitate better understanding of the various forms of amphidromy in the future.
Keywords: Amphidromous species; Fluvial form; Landlocked form; Oceanic dependency; Sicydiine species

Twenty years of observed and predicted changes in subtidal red seaweed assemblages along a biogeographical transition zone: inferring potential causes from environmental data - Régis Gallon; Robuchon, Marine; Leroy, Boris; Le Gall, L; Valero, Myriam; Eric Feunteun (Journal of Biogeography, 2014)

A two-stage biomass model to assess the English Channel cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis L.) stock - Gras, Michael; Roel, Beatriz A.; Coppin, Franck; Foucher, Eric; Jean-Paul Robin (ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil, 2014)

Underwater seascapes: From geographical to ecological perspectives - Musard, O.; Le Dû-Blayo, L.; Patrice Francour; Beurier, J.-P.; Eric Feunteun; Talassinos, L. (Underwater Seascapes: From Geographical to Ecological Perspectives, 2014)

Validation of Eustiromastix guianae (Caporiacco, 1954) (Araneae, Salticidae) with a first description of the female, and additions to the salticid fauna of French Guiana. - Courtial, Cyril; Picard, Lionel; Frédéric Ysnel; Pétillon, Julien (Zookeys, 2014)
In this paper, we validate the doubtful species status of E. guianae, with redescriptions of (supposedly lost) type and holotype males, and a first description of the female. Both sexes are measured and illustrated by pictures of habitus and copulatory organs. Seventeen new salticid species for French Guiana are also reported and a detailed catalogue of all salticid species from the Trinité National Nature Reserve is provided.

Veliger Size at Metamorphosis and Temporal Variability in Prodissoconch II Morphometry in the Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis): Potential Impact on Recruitment - Martel, André L.; Réjean Tremblay; Nicolas Toupoint; Frédéric Olivier; Myrand, B (Journal of Shellfish Research, 2014)
Examination of the larval shell (prodissoconch) of molluscs with planktotrophic development can provide valuable information on their planktonic and early benthic life. We examined temporal variability of abundance and size among 11,994 veligers of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) in a coastal lagoon during settling periods between 1995 and 2009. Size and date at metamorphosis during the recruitment season were determined for 1,925 postlarvae (shell length, 255–900 µm) with prodissoconch II (PII) measurements. Emphasizing the recurrence of metamorphosis delay in the field, our study reveals a net increase in mean size at metamorphosis through time, with means for PII size ranging from 255–288 µm early in summer (after peak spawning events) to 400–422 µm (PII) during late July to early September. By estimating the “true” settlement date using the amount of dissoconch secreted after metamorphosis, such time-series analyses appropriately recapitulated the temporal pattern of mean pediveliger (competent larvae) size in the plankton. Our results demonstrate that greater settlement success rates were related to small size at metamorphosis—in particular, less than 320 µm. Seasonal increase in mean PII size occurring during the latter part of the settling period may be explained by competent veligers remaining adrift and delayed metamorphosis as a result of the lack of favorable encounters with a suitable substrate or the absence of specific trophic signals, or cues, required for stimulating settlement, thus forcing larvae to continue planktonic growth. The difference between the smallest and largest means for PII size corresponds to 122 µm of larval shell growth, or 47.8%, potentially representing a 322% difference in larval body mass at settlement.
Keywords: blue mussel; delayed metamorphosis; larval settlement; Mytilus edulis; prodissoconch II; recruitment; veligers

Vulnerability of biodiversity hotspots to global change - Bellard, Céline; Leclerc, Camille; Leroy, Boris; Bakkenes, Michel; Veloz, Samuel; Thuiller, Wilfried; Courchamp, Franck (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2014)

Windscape and tortuosity shape the flight costs of northern gannets - Amélineau, Françoise; Clara Péron; Lescroël, Amélie; Authier, Matthieu; Provost, Pascal; Grémillet, David (Journal of Experimental Biology, 2014)

Applying the concept of the ecological niche and a macroecological approach to understand how climate influences zooplankton: Advantages, assumptions, limitations and requirements - Grégory Beaugrand; Mackas, Dave; Goberville, Eric (Progress in Oceanography, 2013)
Ecosystem effects of climate change have been detected in all components of the Earth System. In the marine biosphere, climate-change responses have caused large and well-documented biogeographical and phenological shifts, which have in turn altered local dominance hierarchies, and also the structure, diversity and functional linkages within regional marine ecosystems. There is an urgent need to improve both our knowledge of the global-scale effects of climate change on marine biodiversity and our capacity to project future impacts. But extrapolation of previously estimated changes to additional places and to future conditions is complicated by non-linear responses to environmental variables, and also by complexities of multivariate interaction that can lead to tipping-points. In this paper, we show how observations from widely-spaced locations can be combined to characterise the ecological niche of a species, and how the concept of the niche can be used to understand and project how climate-induced changes in temperatures will alter marine zooplankton both locally and globally. As an example to illustrate our view, we apply this framework to the relatively well-known copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Our results suggest that climate change will strongly affect the local abundance of this species in the North Atlantic Ocean by the end of this century. Predicted changes are large (e.g. increase by ??6-10-fold of the temporal changes in the abundance of C. finmarchicus) and vary as a function of the magnitude of warming and the local sign and steepness of the thermal niche. Substantial rates of change hold even under optimistic climatic scenarii. After reviewing the main limitations of the niche concept in bioclimatological research, we argue that the application of this concept in ecology and bioclimatology might nevertheless represent the best tool currently available to scientists to discern and anticipate the effect of global climate change on species and ecosystems. The framework we proposed forces us however to think globally and to develop a worldwide coordinated macroecological approach, that includes global monitoring, new mathematical tools of detection and new types of modeling. ?? 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Beach morphological changes in response to marine turtles nesting: a preliminary study of Awala-Yalimapo beach, French Guiana (South America) - Péron, Christina; Chevallier, Damien; Galpin, Martin; Chatelet, Andy; Anthony, Edward J.; Le Maho, Yvon; Gardel, Antoine (Journal of Coastal Research, 2013)

Climatic Facilitation of the Colonization of an Estuary by Acartia tonsa - Chaalali, Aurélie; Grégory Beaugrand; Virginie Raybaud; Goberville, Eric; David, Valérie; Boët, Philippe; Benoit Sautour (PLoS ONE, 2013)
Global change has become a major driving force of both terrestrial and marine systems. Located at the interface between these two realms, estuarine ecosystems are probably the place where both direct and indirect effects of human activities conspire together to affect biodiversity from phytoplankton to top predators. Among European estuarine systems, the Gironde is the largest estuary of Western Europe and many studies have provided evidence that it has been affected by a variety of anthropogenic stressors such as thermal and chemical pollution, physical alterations and exploitation, especially for maritime traffic. In such a context, species introduction is also a current major issue with the establishment of strong competitive species that could lead to ecosystem reorganization with potential decrease or even disappearance of native species. In the Gironde estuary, this hypothesis was proposed for the invasive shrimp species Palaemon macrodactylus as a decrease in the native species abundance was observed at the same time. Although species introduction often takes place via ballast water, the influence of climate-driven changes on the establishment of new species remains a key issue. The calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa, observed in the Gironde estuary for the first time in 1983, have since colonized most part of the estuary, reaching a level of abundance comparable to the dominant native species Eurytemora affinis. In this study, using both the concept of the ecological niche sensu Hutchinson (fundamental and realized niches) and statistical models, we reveal that the dynamics of the colonization of A. tonsa was facilitated by environmental conditions that have become closer to its environmental optimum with respect to temperature and salinity.

Decline in Kelp in West Europe and Climate - Virginie Raybaud; Grégory Beaugrand; Goberville, Eric; Delebecq, Gaspard; Destombe, Christophe; Valero, Myriam; Dominique Davoult; Morin, Pascal; Gevaert, Francois (PLoS ONE, 2013)
Kelp ecosystems form widespread underwater forests playing a major role in structuring the biodiversity at a regional scale. Some seaweeds such as Laminaria digitata are also economically important, being exploited for their alginate and iodine content. Although some studies have shown that kelp ecosystems are regressing and that multiple causes are likely to be at the origin of the disappearance of certain populations, the extent to which global climate change may play a role remains speculative. Here we show that many populations of L. digitata along European coasts are on the verge of local extinction due to a climate-caused increase in sea temperature. By modeling the spatial distribution of the seaweed, we evaluate the possible implications of global climate change for the geographical patterns of the species using temperature data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). Projections of the future range of L. digitata throughout the 21st century show large shifts in the suitable habitat of the kelp and a northward retreat of the southern limit of its current geographic distribution from France to Danish coasts and the southern regions of the United Kingdom. However, these projections depend on the intensity of warming. A medium to high warming is expected to lead to the extirpation of the species as early as the first half of the 21st century and there is high confidence that regional extinction will spread northwards by the end of this century. These changes are likely to cause the decline of species whose life cycle is closely dependent upon L. digitata and lead to the establishment of new ecosystems with lower ecological and economic values.

Designing observational biologging studies to assess the causal effect of instrumentation - Authier, Matthieu; Clara Péron; Mante, Alain; Vidal, Patrick; Grémillet, David (Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2013)

First assessment of effects of global change on threatened spiders: Potential impacts on Dolomedes plantarius (Clerck) and its conservation plans - Leroy, Boris; Paschetta, Mauro; Canard, Alain; Bakkenes, Michel; Isaia, Marco; Frédéric Ysnel (Biological Conservation, 2013)

Highly Dynamic Cellular-Level Response of Symbiotic Coral to a Sudden Increase in Environmental NitrogenABSTRACT - Kopp, C.; Pernice, M.; Domart-Coulon, I.; Djediat, C.; Spangenberg, J. E.; Alexander, D. T. L.; Hignette, M.; Tarik Meziane; Meibom, A. (mBio, 2013)

Impacts of shrimp farm effluent on water quality, benthic metabolism and N-dynamics in a mangrove forest (New Caledonia) - Molnar, Nathalie; Welsh, David T.; Marchand, Cyril; Deborde, Jonathan; Tarik Meziane (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2013)

Importance of coastal Marine Protected Areas for the conservation of pelagic seabirds: The case of Vulnerable yelkouan shearwaters in the Mediterranean Sea - Clara Péron; Grémillet, David; Prudor, Aurélien; Pettex, Emeline; Saraux, Claire; Soriano-Redondo, Andrea; Authier, Matthieu; Fort, Jérôme (Biological conservation, 2013)

Importance of the connectivity of Spanish stopovers for Black Storks - Chevallier, Damien; Baillon, François; Le Maho, Yvon; Blanc, Stephane; Brossault, Paul; Massemin, Sylvie (Bird Study, 2013)

Long-term phenological shifts in raptor migration and climate - Jaffre, Mikael; Grégory Beaugrand; Goberville, Eric; Jiguet, Frédéric; Kjellén, Nils; Troost, Gerard; Dubois, Philippe J.; Leprêtre, Alain; Christophe Luczak (PLoS ONE, 2013)
Climate change is having a discernible effect on many biological and ecological processes. Among observed changes, modifications in bird phenology have been widely documented. However, most studies have interpreted phenological shifts as gradual biological adjustments in response to the alteration of the thermal regime. Here we analysed a long-term dataset (1980-2010) of short-distance migratory raptors in five European regions. We revealed that the responses of these birds to climate-induced changes in autumn temperatures are abrupt and synchronous at a continental scale. We found that when the temperatures increased, birds delayed their mean passage date of autumn migration. Such delay, in addition to an earlier spring migration, suggests that a significant warming may induce an extension of the breeding-area residence time of migratory raptors, which may eventually lead to residency.

Long-term responses of North Atlantic calcifying plankton to climate change - Grégory Beaugrand; McQuatters-Gollop, Abigail; Martin Edwards; Goberville, Eric (Nature Climate Change, 2013)
The global increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is potentially threatening marine biodiversity in two ways. First, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases accumulating in the atmosphere are causing global warming1. Second, carbon dioxide is altering sea water chemistry, making the ocean more acidic2. Although temperature has a cardinal influence on all biological processes from the molecular to the ecosystem level3, acidification might impair the process of calcification or exacerbate dissolution of calcifying organisms4. Here, we show however that North Atlantic calcifying plankton primarily responded to climate-induced changes in temperatures during the period 1960–2009, overriding the signal from the effects of ocean acidification. We provide evidence that foraminifers, coccolithophores, both pteropod and nonpteropod molluscs and echinoderms exhibited an abrupt shift circa 1996 at a time of a substantial increase in temperature5 and that some taxa exhibited a poleward movement in agreement with expected biogeographical changes under sea temperature warming6,7. Although acidification may become a serious threat to marine calcifying organisms, our results suggest that over the study period the primary driver of North Atlantic calcifying planktonwas oceanic temperature.

Optimization of an “in situ” subtidal rocky-shore sampling strategy for monitoring purposes - Gallon, R.K.; Frédéric Ysnel; Eric Feunteun (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2013)

Oyster sex determination is influenced by temperature - First clues in spat during first gonadic differentiation and gametogenesis - Santerre, Christelle; Sourdaine, Pascal; Marc, Nicolas; Mingant, Christian; Robert, René; Anne-Sophie Martinez (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 2013)
Keywords: Oyster spat; Sex determination pathway; Sex ratio; Temperature; TSD

Seasonal Variations in Maternal Provisioning of Crepidula fornicata (Gastropoda): Fatty Acid Composition of Females, Embryos and Larvae - Leroy, Fanny; Tarik Meziane; Riera, Pascal; Comtet, Thierry (PLoS ONE, 2013)

Space partitioning without territoriality in gannets - Wakefield, Ewan; Bodey, Thomas; Bearhop, Stuart; Blackburn, Jez; Colhoun, Kendrew; Davies, Rachel; Dwyer, Ross; Green, Jonathan; Grémillet, David; Clara Péron; others (Science, 2013)

Tracking through life stages: adult, immature and juvenile autumn migration in a long-lived seabird - Clara Péron; Grémillet, David (PloS one, 2013)

Trophic resources of the bivalve, Venus verrucosa , in the Chausey archipelago (Normandy, France) determined by stable isotopes and fatty acids - Perez, Véronique; Frédéric Olivier; Tremblay, Rejean; Neumeier, Urs; Thebault, Julien; Chauvaud, Laurent; Tarik Meziane (Aquatic Living Resources, 2013)

123. Effects of Cyanobacterial Bloom on Fish: Proteomics and Histological Investigation on the Medaka Oryzias Latipes - Edery, Marc; Marie, Arul; Marie, Benjamin; Huet, Hélène; Trinchet, Isabelle; Dubost, Lionel; Sahima Hamlaoui; Djediat, Chakib (Toxicon, 2012)

Accuracy of pitfall traps for monitoring populations of the amphipod Orchestia gammarella (Pallas 1766) in saltmarshes - Mantzouki, Evanthia; Frédéric Ysnel; Alexandre Carpentier; Pétillon, Julien (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2012)

The Black stork at the Nazinga ranch (Burkina Faso) - Yameogo, Dieudonné; Chevallier, Damien; Brossault, Paul (6ème Conférence Internationale Cigogne noire, 2012)

Collaborative study for the detection of toxic compounds in shellfish extracts using cell-based assays. Part I: screening strategy and pre-validation study with lipophilic marine toxins - Sérandour, Anne-Laure; Ledreux, Aurélie; Morin, Bénédicte; Derick, Sylvain; Augier, Elie; Lanceleur, Rachelle; Sahima Hamlaoui; Moukha, Serge; Furger, Christophe; Biré, Ronel; Krys, Sophie; Fessard, Valérie; et al. (Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2012)

Collaborative study for the detection of toxic compounds in shellfish extracts using cell-based assays. Part II: application to shellfish extracts spiked with lipophilic marine toxins - Ledreux, Aurélie; Sérandour, Anne-Laure; Morin, Bénédicte; Derick, Sylvain; Lanceleur, Rachelle; Sahima Hamlaoui; Furger, Christophe; Biré, Ronel; Krys, Sophie; Fessard, Valérie; Troussellier, Marc; Bernard, Cécile (Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2012)

Eco-ethology of the Black stork: characteristics of feeding sites - ¨Pruvost, Thomas; Chevallier, Damien (6ème Conférence Internationale Cigogne noire, 2012)

Évaluation rapide des perturbations anthropiques: cas de l'enrichissement en nutriments en milieux côtiers - Goberville, Eric; Grégory Beaugrand (Le 26ème Forum des Jeunes océanographes de France', 2012)
Alors que la connaissance des systèmes naturels a considérablement augmentée au cours des dernières décennies, la capacité de mesurer et modéliser ces systèmes reste limitée. Afin de répondre à cette problématique, nous proposons ici une nouvelle procédure de détection instantanée et de quantification des perturbations anthropiques potentielles, à travers l'exemple d'un suivi de l'enrichissement côtier en nutriments.

Expression of a Natural Antisense Transcript of Cg-Foxl2 during the Gonadic Differentiation of the Oyster Crassostrea gigas : First Demonstration in the Gonads of a Lophotrochozoa Species - Santerre, C.; Sourdaine, P.; Anne-Sophie Martinez (Sexual Development, 2012)

Improving occurrence-based rarity metrics in conservation studies by including multiple rarity cut-off points - Leroy, Boris; Pétillon, Julien; Régis Gallon; Canard, Alain; Frédéric Ysnel (Insect Conservation and Diversity, 2012)

New 2-Methyl-13-Icosenoic Acid from the Temperate Calcisponge Leuconia johnstoni - Quévrain, Elodie; Barnathan, Gilles; Tarik Meziane; Domart-Coulon, Isabelle; Rabesaotra, Vony; Bourguet-Kondracki, Marie-Lise (Lipids, 2012)

Ontogenetic change in the lipid and fatty acid composition of scleractinian coral larvae - Figueiredo, J.; Baird, A. H.; Cohen, M. F.; Flot, J.-F.; Kamiki, T.; Tarik Meziane; Tsuchiya, M.; Yamasaki, H. (Coral Reefs, 2012)

Projected poleward shift of king penguins'(Aptenodytes patagonicus) foraging range at the Crozet Islands, southern Indian Ocean - Clara Péron; WEIMERSKIRCH, Henri; Bost, Charles-André (Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2012)

Responses of juvenile sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, exposed to acute concentrations of crude oil, as assessed by molecular and physiological biomarkers - Kerambrun, E.; Le Floch, S.; Sanchez, W.; Thomas Guyon, H.; Tarik Meziane; Henry, F.; Amara, R. (Chemosphere, 2012)

Sub-Saharan staging areas of a first-summer Short-toed Snake Eagle Circaetus gallicus - Jiguet, Frédéric; Chevallier, Damien; Baillon, François; Ventroux, Julien; Cavallin, Pascal (Bird Study, 2012)

Surface adhesion of microphytobenthic biofilms is enhanced under Hediste diversicolor (O.F. Müller) trophic pressure - Passarelli, Claire; Cédric Hubas; Nicolas Segui, Audrey; Grange, Julie; Tarik Meziane (Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2012)

Testing a Global Positioning System on free-ranging badgers Meles meles - Brendel, Carole; Helder, Rémi; Chevallier, Damien; Zaytoon, Janan; Georges, Jean-Yves; Handrich, Yves (Mammal Notes, 2012)

Threats on the wintering grounds of migratory species in West Africa - Chevallier, Damien; Brossault, Paul; Gendre, Nicolas; Baillon, François; Duponnois, Robin; Chapalain, Frédéric; Strenna, Luc; Yameogo, Dieudonné; Le Maho, Yvon (6ème Conférence Internationale Cigogne noire, 2012)

On the use of the FluoroProbe®, a phytoplankton quantification method based on fluorescence excitation spectra for large-scale surveys of lakes and reservoirs (2012)

Conserving pelagic habitats: seascape modelling of an oceanic top predator - Louzao, Maite; Pinaud, David; Clara Péron; Delord, K.; Wiegand, Thorsten; WEIMERSKIRCH, Henri (Journal of applied ecology, 2011)

Early evaluation of coastal nutrient over-enrichment: New procedures and indicators - Goberville, Eric; Grégory Beaugrand; Benoit Sautour; Paul Tréguer (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2011)
Recent studies have provided compelling evidence for an accelerated anthropogenic impact on coastal systems, resulting in intense inputs of materials and nutrients from the continent. This has led scientists and policymakers to encourage the implementation of monitoring programmes, which have resulted in the multiplicity of datasets. However surprisingly, only a few attempts have been made to couple observations with statistical and mathematical tools to detect, as soon as the data become available perturbations in coastal systems. Here, we propose new mathematical procedures to evaluate the state of a system, based on the building of relative reference state and indicators of nutrient over-enrichment. The techniques were tested in some French coastal systems using data from the programme SOMLIT. Applied to this dataset, the multivariate procedures rapidly identified and evaluated anthropogenic nutrient anomalies from the continent on three sites (Wimereux, Roscoff and Villefranche-sur-Mer) from 1997 onwards. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Keywords: Indicators; Monitoring; Multivariate statistical analyses; Nutrient over-enrichment; Relative reference states; SOMLIT

Evaluation of coastal perturbations: A new mathematical procedure to detect changes in the reference state of coastal systems - Goberville, Eric; Grégory Beaugrand; Benoit Sautour; Paul Tréguer (Ecological Indicators, 2011)
The pressure exerted by human activities on living systems has become so intense that it is inspiring the inception of a global network of monitoring of the biosphere and the use of robust statistical procedures to detect potential changes. Here, we propose a new multivariate non-parametric procedure, based on the Mahalanobis generalised distance and a simplification of the multiple response permutation procedure to identify rapidly changes in any natural systems. The procedure can be virtually coupled on all monitoring programmes and is not influenced by missing data, a common feature found in many ecological databases. In France, physical, chemical and biological variability of coastal waters have been monitored since 1997 by the SOMLIT Network. Applied to this data set, this technique enabled a first quantification of the impacts of human disturbance through changes in the concentration of nutrients. Our results revealed how climate may interact with anthropogenic pressure to alter coastal marine systems and suggest a synergism between nutrient enrichment, human activities and local climatic conditions. Indeed some effects of climate (e.g. insolation duration - increase in duration of daylight) may attenuate the fertility of coastal systems, while some others (e.g. precipitation) amplify the human signals. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Keywords: Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment; Climate Change; Coastal systems; Monitoring; SOMLIT

Predictive distribution models applied to satellite tracks: modelling the western African winter range of European migrant Black Storks Ciconia nigra - Jiguet, Frédéric; Barbet-Massin, Morgane; Chevallier, Damien (Journal of Ornithology, 2011)

Rehabilitation project of a managed marsh: Biodiversity assessment of different management measures - Leroy, Boris; Morel, Loïs; Eybert, Marie-Christine; Frédéric Ysnel; Georges, Anita (Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2011)

There’s more to the picture than meets the eye: Sampling microphytobenthos in a heterogeneous environment - Spilmont, Nicolas; Seuront, Laurent; Tarik Meziane; Welsh, David T. (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2011)

Un réseau de surveillance des littoraux face au changement climatique en milieu insulaire tropical : l’exemple de Mayotte - Jeanson, Matthieu; Franck Dolique; Anthony, Edward J. (VertigO, 2011)

The use of stopover sites by Black Storks (Ciconia nigra) migrating between West Europe and West Africa as revealed by satellite telemetry - Chevallier, D.; Le Maho, Y.; Brossault, P.; Baillon, F.; Massemin, S. (Journal of Ornithology, 2011)

At-sea distribution and diet of an endangered top predator: relationship between white-chinned petrels and commercial longline fisheries - Delord, K.; Cédric Cotte; Clara Péron; MARTEAU, Cédric; Patrice Pruvost; Nicolas Gasco; Guy Duhamel; Cherel, Yves; WEIMERSKIRCH, Henri (Endangered species research, 2010)

Climate-driven changes in coastal marine systems of western Europe - Goberville, Eric; Grégory Beaugrand; Benoit Sautour; Paul Tréguer; SOMLIT, Team (2010)
Coastal marine systems, the interface between the ocean and terrestrial realms, are among the most important systems on the planet both ecologically and economically because of their crucial role in earth system functioning. Although direct impacts of human activities on physical, chemical and biological components of these systems have been widely documented, the potential influence of climate variability is less well known. Here, we used data from Service d'Observation en Milieu Littoral (SOMLIT), a marine monitoring programme that has since 1997 collected samples at 12 sites located along the French coasts from 42° to 51° N. Applying standardised principal component analysis (PCA), we documented the year-to-year fluctuations in these coastal systems and evaluated the potential influence of climate variability using data on atmospheric circulation (wind intensity and direction), precipitation and temperature. Our study revealed a pronounced sensitivity of these systems to climate variability. As the impact of climate change may become more prominent in the next decades, this study suggests that climate might strongly influence the marine coastal environment and act in synergism with other anthropogenic pressures to alter the state and functioning of biological and ecological systems and the services they provide. © Inter-Research 2010 · www.int-res.com.

Conséquences des changements climatiques en milieu océanique - Grégory Beaugrand; Goberville, Eric (Vertigo, 2010)
Le changement climatique a une influence grandissante sur l'ensemble des composantes du système terre. Cette contribution présente l'évolution des températures globales et montre que le changement climatique affecte les systèmes biologiques et écologiques de la planète, en particulier ceux de l'Océan Atlantique Nord et de ses mers adjacentes. Les changements biologiques attribués au changement climatique affectent le phytoplancton, le zooplancton, les poissons et modifient la dominance de nombreuses espèces ainsi que la structure, le fonctionnement et la diversité des écosystèmes. Les changements sont aussi perçus sur la biogéographie et la phénologie des espèces et ont impliqué, dans certaines régions, des changements écosystémiques abrupts appelés aussi changements de régime. Ces altérations reflètent un ajustement des systèmes biologiques et écologiques face au réchauffement des températures. Les mécanismes impliqués sont complexes, présentant des points de bifurcation et variant dans le temps et l'espace. La sensibilité des organismes vis-à-vis du réchauffement est forte et de faibles fluctuations des températures peuvent avoir des effets prononcés sur les systèmes biologiques et écologiques. Il est urgent de placer ces systèmes sous surveillance et de développer des indicateurs couplés à des outils statistico-mathématiques adaptés afin de détecter, mieux comprendre et anticiper les modifications des systèmes biologiques et écologiques face au changement climatique global.

How Do Alterations in Habitat Structure by an Invasive Grass Affect Salt-Marsh Resident Spiders? - Pétillon, Julien; Lasne, Emilien; Lambeets, Kevin; Canard, Alain; Vernon, Philippe; Frédéric Ysnel (Annales Zoologici Fennici, 2010)

Human activity and the drying up of rivers determine abundance and spatial distribution of Black Storks Ciconia nigra on their wintering grounds - Chevallier, Damien; Le Maho, Yvon; Baillon, François; Duponnois, Robin; Dieulin, Claudine; Brossault, Paul; De Franclieu, Philippe; Lorge, Patric; Aurouet, Axel; Massemin, Sylvie (Bird Study, 2010)

The Importance of Roosts for Black Storks Ciconia nigra Wintering in West Africa - Chevallier, D.; Duponnois, R.; Baillon, F.; Brossault, P.; Grégoire, J-M.; Eva, H.; Maho, Y. Le; Massemin, S. (Ardea, 2010)

Influence of weather conditions on the flight of migrating black storks - Chevallier, D.; Handrich, Y.; Georges, J.-Y.; Baillon, F.; Brossault, P.; Aurouet, A.; Le Maho, Y.; Massemin, S. (Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2010)

Interdecadal changes in at-sea distribution and abundance of subantarctic seabirds along a latitudinal gradient in the Southern Indian Ocean - Clara Péron; Authier, Matthieu; Barbraud, C.; DELORD, Karine; Besson, Dominique; WEIMERSKIRCH, Henri (Global Change Biology, 2010)

Satellite tracking of a Booted Eagle Aquila pennata during migration - Chevallier, Damien; Jiguet, Frédéric; Nore, Thérèse; Baillon, François; Cavallin, Pascal (Ringing & Migration, 2010)

Seasonal variation in oceanographic habitat and behaviour of white-chinned petrels Procellaria aequinoctialis from Kerguelen Island - Clara Péron; Delord, K.; Phillips, Richard; Charbonnier, Yohan; MARTEAU, Cédric; Louzao, Maite; WEIMERSKIRCH, Henri (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2010)

Fatty acid markers as an indicator for temporal changes in food sources of the bivalve Quidnipagus palatum - Bachok, Zainudin; Tarik Meziane; Mfilinge, Prosper L.; Tsuchiya, Makoto (Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 2009)

Identification and expression of a factor of the DM family in the oyster Crassostrea gigas - Naimi, Amine; Anne-Sophie Martinez; Specq, Marie-Laure; Mrac, Abdellah; Diss, Blandine; Mathieu, Michel; Sourdaine, Pascal (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 2009)
Keywords: Crassostrea gigas; Dmrt1; Dmrt4; Dmrt5; Oyster; Sex determination

Identification of the food sources of sympatric ghost shrimp ( Trypaea australiensis ) and soldier crab ( Mictyris longicarpus ) populations using a lipid biomarker, dual stable isotope approach - Spilmont, Nicolas; Tarik Meziane; Seuront, Laurent; Welsh, David T. (Austral Ecology, 2009)

Molecular cloning and gene expression of Cg-Foxl2 during the development and the adult gametogenetic cycle in the oyster Crassostrea gigas - Naimi, Amine; Anne-Sophie Martinez; Specq, Marie-Laure; Diss, Blandine; Mathieu, Michel; Sourdaine, Pascal (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2009)
Keywords: Adult gametogenetic cycle; Cg-DMl; Crassostrea gigas; Development; Foxl2; Gonad; Oyster; Sex determination

Oxygen and nutrient dynamics of the upside down jellyfish (Cassiopea sp.) and its influence on benthic nutrient exchanges and primary production - Welsh, David T.; Dunn, Ryan J. K.; Tarik Meziane (Hydrobiologia, 2009)

Role of grapsid crabs, Parasesarma erythrodactyla, in entry of mangrove leaves into an estuarine food web: a mesocosm study - Nerot, Caroline; Tarik Meziane; Provost-Govrich, Anais; Rybarczyk, Hervé; Lee, S. Yip (Marine Biology, 2009)

Opportunistic predation by small fishes on epibiota of jetty pilings in urban waterways - Moreau, S.; Péron, C.; Pitt, K. A.; Connolly, R. M.; Lee, S. Y.; Tarik Meziane (Journal of Fish Biology, 2008)

Prey selection of the black stork in the African wintering area - Chevallier, D.; Baillon, F.; Robin, J.‐P.; Le Maho, Y.; Massemin‐Challet, S. (Journal of Zoology, 2008)

Study of the potential spermatogonial stem cell compartment in dogfish testis, Scyliorhinus canicula L. - Loppion, Geraldine; Crespel, Amélie; Anne-Sophie Martinez; Auvray, Pierrïck; Sourdaine, Pascal (Cell and Tissue Research, 2008)
In the lesser-spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula), spermatogenesis takes place within spermatocysts made up of Sertoli cells associated with stage-synchronized germ cells. As shown in testicular cross sections, cysts radiate in maturational order from the germinative area, where they are formed, to the opposite margin of the testis, where spermiation occurs. In the germinative zone, which is located in a specific area between the tunica albuginea of the testis and the dorsal testicular vessel, individual large spermatogonia are surrounded by elongated somatic cells. The aim of this study has been to define whether these spermatogonia share characteristics with spermatogonial stem cells described in vertebrate and non-vertebrate species. We have studied their ultrastructure and their mitotic activity by 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunodetection. Additionally, immunodetection of c-Kit receptor, a marker of differentiating spermatogonia in rodents, and of alpha- and beta-spectrins, as constituents of the spectrosome and the fusome, has been performed. Ultrastructurally, nuclei of stage I spermatogonia present the same mottled aspect in dogfish as undifferentiated spermatogonia nuclei in rodents. Moreover, intercellular bridges are not observed in dogfish spermatogonia, although they are present in stage II spermatogonia. BrdU and PCNA immunodetection underlines their low mitotic activity. The presence of a spectrosome-like structure, a cytological marker of the germline stem cells in Drosophila, has been observed. Our results constitute the first step in the study of spermatogonial stem cells and their niche in the dogfish.
Keywords: Lesser-spotted dogfish - Scyliorhinus canicula (Elasmobrachii); Spermatogenesis; Spermatogonia

Growth and condition indices in juvenile sole Solea solea measured to assess the quality of essential fish habitat - Amara, R; Tarik Meziane; Gilliers, C; Hermel, G; Laffargue, P (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2007)

Inter-specific and geographical variations in the fatty acid composition of mangrove leaves: implications for using fatty acids as a taxonomic tool and tracers of organic matter - Tarik Meziane; Lee, S. Y.; Mfilinge, P. L.; Shin, P. K. S.; Lam, M. H. W.; Tsuchiya, M. (Marine Biology, 2007)

Fate of mangrove organic matter along a subtropical estuary: small-scale exportation and contribution to the food of crab communities - Tarik Meziane; dAgata, F; Lee, SY (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2006)

Fatty acids as trophic tracers in an experimental estuarine food chain: Tracer transfer - Hall, David; Lee, S.Y.; Tarik Meziane (Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2006)

Litter dynamics and particulate organic matter outwelling from a subtropical mangrove in Okinawa Island, South Japan - Mfilinge, Prosper L.; Tarik Meziane; Bachok, Zainudin; Tsuchiya, Makoto (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2005)

Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Classes in Decomposing Mangrove Leaves of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia candel: Significance with respect to Lipid Input - Mfilinge, Prosper L.; Tarik Meziane; Bachok, Zainudin; Tsuchiya, Makoto (Journal of Oceanography, 2005)

Elephants as dispersal agents of mycorrhizal spores in Burkina Faso - Paugy, M.; Baillon, F.; Chevallier, D.; Duponnois, R. (African Journal of Ecology, 2004)