Laminariales Host Does Impact Lipid Temperature Trajectories of the Fungal Endophyte Paradendryphiella salina (Sutherland.) - Vallet, Marine; Tarik Meziane; Najet Thiney; Prado, Soizic; Cédric Hubas (Marine Drugs, 2020)
Kelps are colonized by a wide range of microbial symbionts. Among them, endophytic fungi remain poorly studied, but recent studies evidenced yet their high diversity and their central role in algal defense against various pathogens. Thus, studying the metabolic expressions of kelp endophytes under different conditions is important to have a better understanding of their impacts on host performance. In this context, fatty acid composition is essential to a given algae fitness and of interest to food web studies either to measure its nutritional quality or to infer about its contribution to consumers diets. In the present study, Paradendryphiella salina, a fungal endophyte was isolated from Saccharina latissima (L.) and Laminaria digitata (Hudson.) and its fatty acid composition was assessed at increasing salinity and temperature conditions. Results showed that fungal composition in terms of fatty acids displayed algal-dependent trajectories in response to temperature increase. This highlights that C18 unsaturated fatty acids are key components in the host-dependant acclimation of P. salina to salinity and temperature changes
Keywords: fatty acids; fungal endophytes; laminariales; Paradendryphiella salina

Large geographic variability in the resistance of corals to thermal stress - McClanahan, Timothy R.; Maina, Joseph M.; Darling, Emily S.; Mireille M.M. Guillaume; Muthiga, Nyawira A.; D’agata, Stephanie; Leblond, Julien; Arthur, Rohan; Jupiter, Stacy D.; Wilson, Shaun K.; Mangubhai, Sangeeta; Ussi, Ali M.; et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2020)
Aim: Predictions for the future of coral reefs are largely based on thermal exposure and poorly account for potential geographic variation in biological sensitivity to thermal stress. Without accounting for complex sensitivity responses, simple climate exposure models and associated predictions may lead to poor estimates of future coral survival and lead to policies that fail to identify and implement the most appropriate interventions. To begin filling this gap, we evaluated a number of attributes of coral taxa and communities that are predicted to influence coral resistance to thermal stress over a large geographic range. Location: Western Indo‐Pacific and Central Indo‐Pacific Ocean Realms. Major taxa studied: Zooxanthellate Scleractinia – hard corals. Methods: We evaluated the geographic variability of coral resistance to thermal stress as the ratio of thermal exposure and sensitivity in 12 countries during the 2016 global‐bleaching event. Thermal exposure was estimated by two metrics: (a) historical excess summer heat (cumulative thermal anomaly, CTA), and (b) a multivariate index of sea‐surface temperature (SST), light, and water flow (climate exposure, CE). Sensitivity was estimated for 226 sites using coordinated bleaching observations and underwater surveys of coral communities. We then evaluated coral resistance to thermal stress using 48 generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to compare the potential influences of geography, historical SST variation, coral cover and coral richness. Results: Geographic faunal provinces and ecoregions were the strongest predictors of coral resistance to thermal stress, with sites in the Australian, Indonesian and Fiji‐Caroline Islands coral provinces having higher resistance to thermal stress than Africa‐India and Japan‐Vietnam provinces. Ecoregions also showed strong gradients in resistance with highest resistance to thermal stress in the western Pacific and Coral Triangle and lower resistance in the surrounding ecoregions. A more detailed evaluation of Coral Triangle and non‐Coral Triangle sites found higher resistance to thermal stress within the Coral Triangle, associated with c. 2.5 times more recent historical thermal anomalies and more centralized, warmer, and cool‐water skew SST distributions, than in non‐Coral Triangle sites. Our findings identify the importance of environmental history and geographic context in future predictions of bleaching, and identify some potential drivers of coral resistance to thermal stress. Main conclusions: Simple threshold models of heat stress and coral acclimation are commonly used to predict the future of coral reefs. Here and elsewhere we show that large‐scale responses of coral communities to heat stress are geographically variable and associated with differential environmental stresses and histories.

A Lean and Performant Hierarchical Model for Human Activity Recognition Using Body-Mounted Sensors - Debache, Isaac; Jeantet, Lorène; Chevallier, Damien; Bergouignan, Audrey; Sueur, Cédric (Sensors, 2020)

Les effets du réchauffement climatique sur le métabolisme : les poissons, d’excellents indicateurs - Jack Falcon (2020)
Keywords: photopériode; Poissons; réchauffement climatique; Temperature

Les poissons d’eau douce de France - Philippe Keith; Poulet, Nicolas; Denys, Gaël; Changeux Thomas; Eric Feunteun; Persat, Henri (Biotope Editions, Mèze ; Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (collection Inventaires et biodiversité), 2020)

The life and times of Olivier Kah through the lens of fish endocrinologists - Trudeau, Vance L.; Sylvie Dufour; Prunet, Patrick (General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2020)

Lipidome variations of deep-sea vent shrimps according to acclimation pressure: A homeoviscous response? - Bruce Shillito; Desurmont, C.; Barthelemy, D.; Farabos, D.; Després, G.; Juliette Ravaux; Zbinden, M.; Lamazière, A. (Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2020)

Looking for environmental and endocrine factors inducing the transformation of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Sicydiinae) freshwater prolarvae into marine larvae - Ellien, Céline; Causse, Romain; Werner, Ugo; Teichert, Nils; Rousseau, Karine (Aquatic Ecology, 2020)

A macroscopic and stereological imaging dataset of Pleuronectes platessa ovariesAbstract - Sauger, Carine; Quinquis, Jérôme; Kellner, Kristell; Clothilde Heude-Berthelin; Lepoittevin, Mélanie; Elie, Nicolas; Dubroca, Laurent (Scientific Data, 2020)

Matching zooplankton abundance and environment in the South Indian Ocean and Southern Ocean - Godet, Claire; Robuchon, Marine; Leroy, Boris; Cotté, Cédric; Baudena, Alberto; Da Silva, Ophélie; Fabri-Ruiz, Salomé; Lo Monaco, Claire; Sergi, Sara; Koubbi, Philippe (Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2020)

The mathematical influence on global patterns of biodiversity - Grégory Beaugrand; Kirby, Richard R; Goberville, Eric (Ecology and Evolution, 2020)
Although we understand how species evolve, we do not appreciate how this process has filled an empty world to create current patterns of biodiversity. Here, we conduct a numerical experiment to determine why biodiversity varies spatially on our planet. We show that spatial patterns of biodiversity are mathematically constrained and arise from the interaction between the species’ ecological niches and environmental variability that propagates to the community level. Our results allow us to explain key biological observations such as (a) latitudinal biodiversity gradients (LBGs) and especially why oceanic LBGs primarily peak at midlatitudes while terrestrial LBGs generally exhibit a maximum at the equator, (b) the greater biodiversity on land even though life first evolved in the sea, (c) the greater species richness at the seabed than at the sea surface, and (d) the higher neritic (i.e., species occurring in areas with a bathymetry lower than 200 m) than oceanic (i.e., species occurring in areas with a bathymetry higher than 200 m) biodiversity. Our results suggest that a mathematical constraint originating from a fundamental ecological interaction, that is, the niche–environment interaction, fixes the number of species that can establish regionally by speciation or migration.
Keywords: Biodiversity; ecological niche; large-scale patterns in species richness; models; theory

Microbial functional structure and stable isotopic variation of leptocephali across three current zones in the western South Pacific - Leopold Ghinter; Christine Dupuy; Michael J. Miller; Alexandre Carpentier; Christel Lefrançois; Anthony Acou; Jun Aoyama; Mari Kuroki; Liénart, Camilla; Shun Watanabe; Katsumi Tsukamoto; Tsuguo Otake; et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2020)
The ecology of leptocephali remains poorly known but they appear to feed on marine snow that can vary spatially and temporally according to the food web dynamics. This study provided new information about the position of leptocephali within the functional structure of microbial plankton and other food web components of the western South Pacific (WSP) region at a large geographic scale including the New Caledonia, Fiji, and Samoa islands. The hydrographic structure varied with latitude, and nutrient levels were generally low but somewhat variable. Stable isotopic signatures were examined in relation to the 3 current zones of the eastward flowing South Equatorial Countercurrent (SECC; north), the westward South Equatorial Current (SEC; mid-latitudes), and the eastward South Tropical Countercurrent (STCC; south), and all zones were found to be primarily based on a heterotrophic planktonic functioning that were co-limited by inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, with biomasses of planktonic groups varying with depth. Isotopic signatures of leptocephali were compared to the signatures of other mesozoplankton, micronekton, and Trichodesmium components of the food web, and in relation to the signatures of particulate organic matter (POM) that varied among the 3 collection depths. The isotopic signatures of six taxa of leptocephali, other taxonomic groups and POM showed interesting variability according to latitude and among some stations. The presence of Trichodesmium at the surface in the STCC zone influenced the isotopic signatures of POM and thus the signatures of leptocephali. The signatures of leptocephali were therefore linked with the overall food web and were consistent with the larvae feeding on marine snow components of POM. The two apparent groups of leptocephali with different isotopic signatures that have also been observed in other oceanic areas may be explained by feeding behavior at different depths or on different types of marine snow.
Keywords: Isotopic signature; Leptocephali; Meso-macro-zooplankton; Microbial loop; Micronekton; POM; Western South Pacific

Modelling European small pelagic fish distribution: Methodological insights - Schickele, Alexandre; Leroy, Boris; Grégory Beaugrand; Goberville, Eric; Hattab, Tarek; Patrice Francour; Virginie Raybaud (Ecological Modelling, 2020)
The distribution of marine organisms is strongly influenced by climatic gradients worldwide. The ecological niche (sensu Hutchinson) of a species, i.e. the combination of environmental tolerances and resources required by an organism, interacts with the environment to determine its geographical range. This duality between niche and distribution allows climate change biologists to model potential species’ distributions from past to future conditions. While species distribution models (SDMs) have been intensively used over the last years, no consensual framework to parametrise, calibrate and evaluate models has emerged. Here, to model the contemporary (1990–2017) spatial distribution of seven highly harvested European small pelagic fish species, we implemented a comprehensive and replicable numerical procedure based on 8 SDMs (7 from the Biomod2 framework plus the NPPEN model). This procedure considers critical issues in species distribution modelling such as sampling bias, pseudo-absence selection, model evaluation and uncertainty quantification respectively through (i) an environmental filtration of observation data, (ii) a convex hull based pseudo-absence selection, (iii) a multi-criteria evaluation of model outputs and (iv) an ensemble modelling approach. By mitigating environmental sampling bias in observation data and by identifying the most ecologically relevant predictors, our framework helps to improve the modelling of fish species’ environmental suitability. Not only average temperature, but also temperature variability appears as major factors driving small pelagic fish distribution, and areas of highest environmental suitability were found along the north-western Mediterranean coasts, the Bay of Biscay and the North Sea. We demonstrate in this study that the use of appropriate data pre-processing techniques, an often-overlooked step in modelling, increase model predictive performance, strengthening our confidence in the reliability of predictions.
Keywords: Convex hull; Pseudo-absence; Sampling bias; Small pelagic fish; species distribution models; uncertainty

Modelling leatherback biphasic indeterminate growth using a modified Gompertz equation - Chevallier, Damien; Mourrain, Baptiste; Girondot, Marc (Ecological Modelling, 2020)

Navicula dermochelycola sp. nov., presumably an exclusively epizoic diatom on sea turtles Dermochelys coriacea and Lepidochelys olivacea from French Guiana - Riaux-Gobin, Catherine; Witkowski, Andrzej; Kociolek, John Patrick; Chevallier, Damien (Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 2020)

Needlepoint non-destructive internal sampling for precious fish specimens - Vincent Haÿ; Marion Mennesson; Agnès Dettai; Céline Bonillo; Philippe Keith; Clara Lord (Cybium, 2020)
In this paper, we describe a new non-damaging internal tissue sampling method for preserved collection of teleostean specimens. It was tested on freshwater pipefish, as external tissue sampling is made difficult by the lack of scales, the lack of pelvic fins, the atrophy of pectoral and anal fins. The internal tissue is detached by scratching the inside of the urogenital papilla with a fine metallic probe. 95% ethanol is injected using a fine syringe, and then sucked back into the syringe with the detached tissue. this protocol has been tested on 6 specimens from 5 species of pipefish. For each specimen DNA was extracted from the internal tissue, a caudal fin clip, and when possible, eggs sampled from the male brooding pouch. Partial Cytochrome c oxydase I (COI) was amplified and sequenced. For each specimen, the 582 bp long sequences obtained from the internal tissue, the fin clip and the eggs were identical. These results validate this non-damaging internal tissue sampling method, which leaves absolutely no trace on the specimen. Although this method was developed on pipefish, it could be applied to other teleostean, even precious museum collection specimens such as type specimens. the aim of this paper, using the example of freshwater pipefish, is to present this method, which aims at preserving precious collection specimens while still valorising them.

A new freshwater crab of the family Hymenosomatidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and an updated review of the hymenosomatid fauna of New Caledonia - Guinot, Danièle; de Mazancourt, Valentin (European Journal of Taxonomy, 2020)
A new genus and species, Richerius marqueti gen. et sp. nov., of a crab of the family Hymenosomatidae MacLeay, 1838 are described from the inland waters of New Caledonia based on several specimens collected in two streams at altitudes of 180 m and 500 m, respectively. Richerius marqueti gen. et sp. nov. was compared to the other freshwater species known in New Caledonia, Odiomaris pilosus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873), and to species of Amarinus Lucas, 1980, a genus comprising many freshwater species in New Zealand, Australia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea, but never recorded in New Caledonia. The barcode fragment of the COI mitochondrial gene was sequenced for seven specimens of R. marqueti gen. et sp. nov., and all sequences were deposited in GenBank. A brief and updated review of the New Caledonian marine and freshwater hymenosmatid fauna is provided.
Keywords: COI; New Caledonia; new genus; New species; Richerius marqueti

New histological information on Holoptychius Agassiz, 1839 (Sarcopterygii, Porolepiformes) provides insights into the palaeoecological implications and evolution of the basal plate of the scales of osteichthyans - Mondéjar Fernández, Jorge; François J Meunier (Historical Biology, 2020)
The porolepiform Holoptychius Agassiz, 1839 from the Upper Devonian is one of the most widely found vertebrates in the Palaeozoic fossil record. Holoptychius is considered to display a more ubiquitous mode of life and a greater potential of dispersion than any other sarcopterygian taxon, consistent with its cosmopolitan distribution and profuse fossil record, mainly represented by scales. Previous studies on the squamation of Holoptychius have discussed the variable ornamentation of the superficial layer; however, the basal plate has been less explored. Here we furnish new histological data on the scales of Holoptychius, focusing on the mineralisation rate and organisation of the lamellar bone. Ground sections show that the basal plate is made of a stacking of thick collagenous layers with a plywood-like structure. Collagenous fibres are parallel within layers, with two successive layers orthogonally arranged and with every second layer rotated by an angle of 36º. This condition, known as a double-twisted plywood-like organisation, is similar to that of other sarcopterygians like Eusthenopteron and extant coelacanths and dipnoans. The new palaeohistological data provide insights into the morphofunctional, palaeoecological and phylogenetical implications of the microstructural characteristics of the scales, adding to our knowledge of the histological diversity of osteichthyans.

No way home: collapse in northern gannet survival rates point to critical marine ecosystem perturbation - Grémillet, David; Clara Péron; Lescroël, Amélie; Fort, Jérôme; Patrick, Samantha C.; Besnard, Aurélien; Provost, Pascal (Marine Biology, 2020)

Novel α-Hydroxy γ-Butenolides of Kelp Endophytes Disrupt Bacterial Cell-to-Cell Signaling - Vallet, Marine; Chong, Yee-Meng; Tourneroche, Anne; Genta-Jouve, Gregory; Cédric Hubas; Lami, Raphaël; Gachon, Claire M. M.; Klochkova, Tatyana; Chan, Kok-Gan; Prado, Soizic (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Objective record of Epinephelus marginatus (Serranidae: Epinephelinae) from the Sultanate of Oman (Arabian Sea) - Bearez, Philippe; Marion Mennesson; Pellé, E (Cybium, 2020)

Ocean acidification impacts growth and shell mineralization in juvenile abalone (Haliotis tuberculata) - Stéphanie Auzoux-Bordenave; Wessel, Nathalie; Badou, Aicha; Martin, Sophie; M’Zoudi, Saloua; Avignon, Solène; Roussel, Sabine; Huchette, Sylvain; Dubois, Philippe (Marine Biology, 2020)
Ocean acidification is a major global driver that leads to substantial changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, with potentially serious consequences for calcifying organisms. Marine shelled molluscs are ecologically and economically important species, providing essential ecosystem services and food sources for other species. Due to their physiological characteristics and their use of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to build their shells, molluscs are among the most vulnerable invertebrates with regard to ocean acidification, with early developmental stages being particularly sensitive to pH changes. This study investigated the effects of CO2-induced ocean acidification on juveniles of the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, a commercially important gastropod species. Six-month-old juvenile abalones were cultured for 3 months at four pH levels (8.1, 7.8, 7.7, 7.6) representing current and predicted near-future conditions. Survival, growth, shell microstructure, thickness and strength were compared across the four pH treatments. After three months of exposure, significant reductions in juvenile shell length, weight and strength were revealed in the pH 7.6 treatment. SEM observations also revealed modified texture and porosity of the shell mineral layers as well as alterations of the periostracum at pH 7.6 which was the only treatment with an aragonite saturation state below 1. It is concluded that low pH induces both general effects on growth mechanisms and corrosion of deposited shell in H. tuberculata. This will impact both the ecological role of this species and the costs of its aquaculture.
Keywords: Abalone; Growth; Juvenile; Ocean acidification; Shell mineralization

-Omic Analysis of the Sepia officinalis White Body: New Insights into Multifunctionality and Haematopoiesis Regulation - Benoist, Louis; Corre, Erwan; Bernay, Benoît; Henry, Joël; Céline Zatylny-Gaudin (Journal of Proteome Research, 2020)

The onset of piscivory in a freshwater fish species: analysis of behavioural and physiological traits - Tatiana Colchen; Dias, Andréa; Gisbert, Enric; Teletchea, Fabrice; Fontaine, Pascal; Pasquet, Alain (Journal of Fish Biology, 2020)
The onset of piscivory in fish, resulting in a shift from zooplankton or invertebrate to fish prey, was studied on pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae displaying and not dis- playing piscivorous behaviour at different ages (23, 30, 37, 44 and 52 days post- hatching) using behavioural (attack, capture and swimming activity), morphological (allometry) and digestive enzymatic (trypsin, α-amylase and pepsin) analyses. The shift from zooplanktonic food items (Artemia nauplii) to a piscivorous diet did not occur at the same time for all individuals within the same cohort. Predation tests, conducted under controlled conditions (20C; ad libitum feeding), showed that some larvae attacked fish prey as early as the age of 3 weeks [11.0 ± 1.3 mm total length (TL)], whereas others did not start until the age of 6 weeks (16.6 ± 1.9 mm TL). Piscivorous individuals were bigger, with larger heads, longer tails, higher acid protease and lower alkaline protease activities, than non-piscivorous conspecifics. In conclusion, high interindividual variability in morphological and digestive system developments linked to the development of predatory abilities could induce cannibalism in fish.
Keywords: behavioural tests; early life stages; freshwater fish; predatory behaviour; Sander lucioperca

An open-source framework to model present and future marine species distributions at local scale - Ben Rais Lasram, Frida; Hattab, Tarek; Nogues, Quentin; Beaugrand, Grégory; Dauvin, Jean Claude; Halouani, Ghassen; Le Loc'h, Francois; Nathalie Niquil; Leroy, Boris (Ecological Informatics, 2020)

An open-source framework to model present and future marine species distributions at local scale - Ben Rais Lasram, F.; Hattab, T.; Nogues, Quentin; Beaugrand, G.; Dauvin, J.C.; Halouani, G.; Le Loc'h, F.; Nathalie Niquil; Leroy, B. (Ecological Informatics, 2020)
Species Distribution Models (SDMs) are useful tools to project potential future species distributions under climate change scenarios. Despite the ability to run SDMs in recent and reliable tools, there are some misuses and proxies that are widely practiced and rarely addressed together, particularly when dealing with marine species. In this paper, we propose an open-source framework that includes (i) a procedure for homogenizing occurrence data to reduce the influence of sampling bias, (ii) a procedure for generating pseudo-absences, (iii) a hierarchical-filter approach, (iv) full incorporation of the third dimension by considering climatic variables at multiple depths and (v) building of maps that predict current and potential future ranges of marine species. This framework is available for non-modeller ecologists interested in investigating future species ranges with a user-friendly script. We investigated the robustness of the framework by applying it to marine species of the Eastern English Channel. Projections were built for the middle and the end of this century under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: Climate Change; ecological modeling; English Channel; filter; future prospect; hierarchical system; marine ecosystem; sampling; scenario analysis; species diversity

Origin and Evolution of the Neuroendocrine Control of Reproduction in Vertebrates, With Special Focus on Genome and Gene Duplications - Sylvie Dufour; Quérat, Bruno; Tostivint, Hervé; Pasqualini, Catherine; Vaudry, Hubert; Rousseau, Karine (Physiological Reviews, 2020)

Passive rewilding may (also) restore phylogenetically rich and functionally resilient forest plant communities. - Morel, Loïs; Barbe, Lou; Jung, Vincent; Clément, Bernard; Schnitzler, Annik; Frédéric Ysnel (Ecol Appl, 2020)
Passive rewilding is increasingly seen as a promising tool to counterbalance biodiversity losses and recover native forest ecosystems. One key question, crucial to understanding assembly processes and conservation issues underlying land-use change, is the extent to which functional and phylogenetic diversity may recover in spontaneous recent woodlands. Here, we compared understorey plant communities of recent woodlands (which result from afforestation on agricultural lands during the 20th century) with those of ancient forests (uninterrupted for several centuries) in a hotspot of farmland abandonment in western Europe. We combined taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity metrics to detect potential differences in community composition, structure (richness, divergence), conservation importance (functional originality and specialization, evolutionary distinctiveness) and resilience (functional redundancy, response diversity). The recent and ancient forests harbored clearly distinct compositions, especially regarding the taxonomic and phylogenetic facets. Recent woodlands had higher taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic richness and a higher evolutionary distinctiveness, whereas functional divergence and phylogenetic divergence were higher in ancient forests. On another hand, we did not find any significant differences in functional specialization, originality, redundancy, or response diversity between recent and ancient forests. Our study constitutes one of the first empirical pieces of evidence that recent woodlands may spontaneously regain plant communities phylogenetically rich and functionally resilient, at least as much as those of ancient relict forests. As passive rewilding is the cheapest restoration method, we suggest that it should be a very useful tool to restore and conserve native forest biodiversity and functions, especially when forest areas are restricted and fragmented.
Keywords: Biodiversity; Ecosystem; Europe; Forests; Phylogeny

Physical properties of epilithic river biofilm as a new lead to perform pollution bioassessments in overseas territories - Monti, Dominique; Cédric Hubas; Lourenço, Xavier; Begarin, Farid; Haouisée, Alexandre; Romana, Laurence; Lefrançois, Estelle; Jestin, Alexandra; Budzinski, Hélène; Tapie, Nathalie; Risser, Théo; Mansot, Jean-Louis; et al. (Scientific Reports, 2020)
Chlordecone (CLD) levels measured in the rivers of the French West Indies were among the highest values detected worldwide in freshwater ecosystems, and its contamination is recognised as a severe health, environmental, agricultural, economic, and social issue. In these tropical volcanic islands, rivers show strong originalities as simplified food webs, or numerous amphidromous migrating species, making the bioindication of contaminations a difficult issue. The objective of this study was to search for biological responses to CLD pollution in a spatially fixed and long-lasting component of the rivers in the West Indies: the epilithic biofilm. Physical properties were investigated through complementary analyses: friction, viscosity as well as surface adhesion were analyzed and coupled with measures of biofilm carbon content and exopolymeric substance (EPS) production. Our results have pointed out a mesoscale chemical and physical reactivity of the biofilm that can be correlated with CLD contamination. We were able to demonstrate that epilithic biofilm physical properties can effectively be used to infer freshwater environmental quality of French Antilles rivers. The friction coefficient is reactive to contamination and well correlated to carbon content and EPS production. Monitoring biofilm physical properties could offer many advantages to potential users in terms of effectiveness and ease of use, rather than more complex or time-consuming analyses.

Predicting species richness and abundance of tropical post-larval fish using machine learning - Jaonalison, H; Durand, JD; Mahafina, J; Demarcq, H; Teichert, Nils; Ponton, D (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2020)
No previous studies predicted post-larval fish species richness and abundance combining molecular tools, machine learning, and past-days Remotely Sensed Oceanic Conditions (RSOCs) at different scales. Previous studies aimed at modeling species richness and abundance of marine fishes have mostly used environmental variables recorded locally during sampling. They have merely focused on juvenile and adult fishes due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate species richness estimates for post-larvae. The present work predicted post-larval species richness (identified using DNA barcoding) and abundance at two coastal sites in SW Madagascar using random forests (RF). RF models were fitted using combinations of local variables with RSOCs at a small-scale (eight days preceding fish sampling in a 50x120 km2 area), mesoscale (sixteen past-days in 100x200 km2), and large-scale (twenty-four past-days in 200x300 km2). RF models combining local and small-scale RSOC variables predicted more accurately the species richness and abundance with around 70% and 60% accuracy, respectively. We observed a small variation of RF model performance in predicting species richness and abundance among all sites, highlighting the predictive RF model consistency. Moreover, partial dependence plots showed that high species richness and abundance were predicted for sea surface temperatures <27.0°C and chlorophyll a concentrations <0.22 mg m-3. Referring to temporal changes of these variables, these thresholds were solely observed from November to December. These results suggest that, in SW Madagascar, species richness and abundance of post-larval fish may only be predicted prior to the ecological impacts of tropical storms on larval settlement success.

Premier signalement en France du Barbeau de Graells Luciobarbus graellsii (Steindachner, 1866) (Actinopterygii, Cypriniformes) - MASSEBOEUF, Fabrice; Doadrio, Ignacio; Denys, Gaël (Naturae, 2020)

Public Perceptions of Mangrove Forests Matter for Their Conservation - Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid; Ajonina, Gordon N.; Amir, A. Aldrie; Andradi-Brown, Dominic A.; Aziz, Irfan; Balke, Thorsten; Barbier, Edward B.; Cannicci, Stefano; Cragg, Simon M.; Cunha-Lignon, Marília; Curnick, David J.; Duarte, Carlos M.; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)
Iconic species and landscapes attract public attention to help reverse the degradation of ecosystems and their biodiversity (Thompson and Rog, 2019); sharing their images on social media can act as a powerful way to influence perceptions and drive positive actions by the public (Wu et al., 2018). Social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram have been used to great effect to communicate the urgency required to halt and reverse tropical forest loss (Lamb et al., 2005) and the plight of coral reefs (Curnock et al., 2019). Ecosystems such as seagrass meadows, mudflats, and mangrove forests receive substantially less media exposure (Duarte et al., 2008). Yet these under-recognized ecosystems are hugely important for local and global societies, providing benefits such as shoreline protection (Barbier, 2016), fisheries (Carrasquilla-Henao and Juanes, 2017), carbon capture and storage (Duarte et al., 2013), alongside supporting rich marine and terrestrial biodiversity (Sievers et al., 2019; Thompson and Rog, 2019) (Figure 1). Apart from these important ecosystem functions, goods and services, mangrove forests are home to a huge diversity of organisms with ecologically and evolutionarily unique adaptations to life in the intertidal zone, including vivipary and salt tolerance in trees, air-breathing in crabs and amphibious behavior in fish (mudskippers); this makes mangrove forests a dynamic and fascinating evolutionary laboratory.

Quantitative food web modeling unravels the importance of the microphytobenthos-meiofauna pathway for a high trophic transfer by meiofauna in soft-bottom intertidal food webs. - van der Heijden, L.H.; Nathalie Niquil; Haraldsson, M.; Asmus, R.M.; Pacella, S.R.; Graeve, M.; Rzeznik-Orignac, J.; Asmus, H.; Saint-Béat, B.; Lebreton, B. (Ecological Modelling, 2020)
Meiofauna are known to have an important role on many ecological processes, although, their role in food web dynamics is often poorly understood, partially as they have been an overlooked and under sampled organism group. Here, we used quantitative food web modeling to evaluate the trophic relationship between meiofauna and their food sources and how meiofauna can mediate the carbon flow to higher trophic levels in five contrasting soft-bottom intertidal habitats (including seagrass beds, mudflats and sandflats). Carbon flow networks were constructed using the linear inverse model-Markov chain Monte Carlo technique, with increased resolution of the meiofauna compartments (i.e. biomass and feeding ecology of the different trophic groups of meiofauna) compared to most previous modeling studies. These models highlighted that the flows between the highly productive microphytobenthos and the meiofauna compartments play an important role in transferring carbon to the higher trophic levels, typically more efficiently so than macrofauna. The pathway from microphytobenthos to meiofauna represented the largest flow in all habitats and resulted in high production of meiofauna independent of habitat. All trophic groups of meiofauna, except for selective deposit feeders, had a very high dependency on microphytobenthos. Selective deposit feeders relied instead on a wider range of food sources, with varying contributions of bacteria, microphytobenthos and sediment organic matter. Ecological network analyses (e.g. cycling, throughput and ascendency) of the modeled systems highlighted the close positive relationship between the food web efficiency and the assimilation of high-quality food sources by primary consumers, e.g. meiofauna and macrofauna. Large proportions of these flows can be attributed to trophic groups of meiofauna. The sensitivity of the network properties to the representation of meiofauna in the models leads to recommending a greater attention in ecological data monitoring and integrating meiofauna into food web models. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: Carbon; Carbon flow networks; deposit feeder; Deposits; Ecological network analysis; Ecological process; Ecosystems; Feeding; Feeding ecology; food web; Food web model; intertidal community; intertidal habitats; Inverse problems; linear inverse model; Linear inverse models; Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques; Markov chains; Meiofauna; Microphytobenthos; Monte Carlo methods; Phytobenthos; quantitative analysis; Sediment organic matters; soft-bottom environment; stable isotope mixing models; trophic level; Trophic relationships; Trophic structure

Realistic environmental exposure to microplastics does not induce biological effects in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas - Revel, Messika; Châtel, Amélie; Perrein-Ettajani, Hanane; Bruneau, Mélanie; Akcha, Farida; Sussarellu, Rossana; Rouxel, Julien; Katherine Costil; Decottignies, Priscilla; Cognie, Bruno; Lagarde, Fabienne; Mouneyrac, Catherine (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2020)
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence and potential toxic effects of plastic fragments(< 400μm) of polyethylene and polypropylene on the Pacific oysterCrassostrea gigas.Oysters were exposed toenvironmentally relevant concentrations (0, 0.008, 10, 100μg of particles/L) during 10 days, followed by adepuration period of 10 days in clean seawater. Effects of microplastics were evaluated on the clearance rate oforganisms, tissue alteration, antioxidant defense, immune alteration and DNA damage. Detection and quanti-fication of microplastics in oyster's tissues (digestive gland, gills and other tissues) and biodeposits using infraredmicroscopy were also conducted. Microplastics were detected in oyster's biodeposits following exposure to alltested concentrations: 0.003, 0.006 and 0.05 particles/mg of biodeposits in oysters exposed to 0.008, 10 and100μg of particles/L, respectively. No significant modulation of biological markers was measured in organismsexposed to microplastics in environmentally relevant conditions.
Keywords: biodeposits; biomarkers; bivalves; Crassostrea gigas; microplastics

Relationship between bacterial compartment and particulate organic matter (POM) in coastal systems: An assessment using fatty acids and stable isotopes - Liénart, Camilla; Savoye, Nicolas; Conan, Pascal; David, Valérie; Barbier, Pierrick; Bichon, Sabrina; Charlier, Karine; Costes, Laurence; Derriennic, Hervé; Ferreira, Sophie; Gueux, Aurore; Cédric Hubas; et al. (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2020)

Resolving the trade-off between silver eel escapement and hydropower generation with simple decision rules for turbine shutdown - Teichert, Nils; Tétard, Stéphane; Thomas Trancart; Eric Feunteun; Anthony Acou; de Oliveira, Eric (Journal of Environmental Management, 2020)

Resolving the trade-off between silver eel escapement and hydropower generation with simple decision rules for turbine shutdown - Teichert, Nils; Stéphane Tétard; Thomas Trancart; Eric Feunteun; Anthony Acou; Eric de Oliveira (Journal of Environmental Management, 2020)
Hydropower plants are commonly reported as a major cause of the worldwide decline of freshwater eels (Anguillidae), so that management solutions are urgently needed to mitigate their impacts. Where downstream passage solutions are complex to develop, turbine shutdown appears as an effective management solution to protect silver eels during their river migration toward spawning areas. However, the definition of operational decision rules for turbine shutdown is challenging due to the duality between the benefit for eel conservation and the concomitant cost in term of hydropower production. Here, we proposed a decision framework for turbine shutdown based on simple hydrological criteria to guide negotiations between stakeholders toward a trade-off between silver eel escapement and hydropower generation. Eel migration was assumed to be triggered by a minimum river flow associated with a minimum discharge pulse, so that threshold values can be directly implemented as decision rules for turbine shutdown. To estimate relevant thresholds, a generic methodological framework was developed to generate alternative decision rules from data collected at hydropower plants, which can include telemetry surveys and estimates of eel abundance. A multiple-criteria decision analysis was then conducted to rank alternatives and to determine the best compromise between promoting silver eel escapement and limiting turbine shutdown duration. Graphic outputs can help stakeholders to understand the competitive interests between eel conservation and hydropower production, while visually identifying a range of consensual alternatives to support negotiations in the choice of operational thresholds. The method was illustrated for three river systems in Europe featured by distinct hydrological conditions and can be applied in other areas, providing that eel monitoring surveys and flow data are available.
Keywords: Conservation policy; Decision rules; Multiple-criteria decision; Turbine shutdown

Respective contribution of urban wastewater and mangroves on nutrient dynamics in a tropical estuary during the monsoon season - Taillardat, Pierre; Marchand, Cyril; Friess, Daniel A.; Widory, David; Frank David; Ohte, Nobuhito; Nakamura, Takashi; Van Vinh, Truong; Thanh-Nho, Nguyen; Ziegler, Alan D. (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2020)
Estuaries of Southeast Asia are increasingly impacted by land-cover changes and pollution. Here, our research objectives were to (1) determine the origins of nutrient loads along the Can Gio estuary (Vietnam) and (2) identify the processes that affect the nutrient pools during the monsoon. We constructed four 24-h time-series along the salinity gradient measuring nutrient concentrations and stable isotopes values. In the upper estuary, urban effluents from Ho Chi Minh City were the main input of nutrients, leading to dissolved oxygen satura tion < 20%. In the lower estuary, ammonium and nitrite concentration peaks were explained by mangrove export. No contribution from aquaculture was detected, as it represents < 0.01% of the total river discharge. Along the salinity gradient, nutrient inputs were rapidly consumed, potentially by phytoplankton while nitrate dual-stable isotopes indicated that nitrification occurred. Thus, even in a large and productive estuary, urban wastewater can affect nutrient dynamics with potentially important ecological risks.

Response of phytoplankton traits to environmental variables in French lakes: New perspectives for bioindication - Derot, J.; Jamoneau, A.; Teichert, Nils; Rosebery, J.; Morin, S.; Laplace-Treyture, C. (Ecological Indicators, 2020)
The restoration and the preservation of aquatics ecosystems is a critical issue in our contemporary society. In lake ecosystems, phytoplankton taxonomic-based indicators have been developed to evaluate water quality, but suffer of limited ecosystem ecological value. The recent development of functional approaches may allow to evaluate other aspects of ecosystem quality, and to develop new trait-based indicators responding to different environmental conditions. Here, our aim was to analyze the response of phytoplankton traits to numerous environmental variables and to identify relevant traits for the development of future indicator metrics. We used a French national database of 469 lakes, consisting in phytoplankton biovolumes and physicochemical values. The response of 84 morpho-functional traits towards environmental variables was tested with Machine Learning models, taking into account lake typology. We identified 21 traits significantly related to environmental variables. Dissolved Organic Carbon, Nitrates and Total Suspend Solids were the physiochemical parameters which had the higher influence on our traits selection. However the response of phytoplanktonic traits to environmental variables did not change according to lake typology, advocating for a consistent response at the whole national scale contrary to the classical taxonomic approach. We finally identified several candidate traits that could be used for the development of new metrics for French lakes in a context of bio-assessment programs.

Review of Giuris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Indo-Pacific islands, with description of three new species - Philippe Keith; Marion Mennesson (Cybium, 2020)

Revised Diagnoses, Nomenclature, Distribution and Key for Identification of the Species of the Indo-Pacific Genus Laeops (Bothidae) - Voronina, E. P.; Maclaine, J.; Raredon, S.; Pruvost, P. (Journal of Ichthyology, 2020)

Revision of Phoxinus in France with the description of two new species (Teleostei, Leuciscidae) - Denys, Gaël; Dettai, Agnès; Persat, Henri; Daszkiewicz, Piotr; Hautecoeur, Mélyne; Philippe Keith (Cybium, 2020)
French minnows of the genus Phoxinus are revised based on molecular data (COI and 12S rDNA markers), morphological characters and nuptial colouration patterns. The results delineate six groups of populations, which are recognised as species. Phoxinus phoxinus is found in eastern France in the lower and middle Rhine and Seine drainages. Phoxinus bigerri occurs in the Adour drainage and populations from the Lake Geneva basin and the upper Rhine drainage are identified as Phoxinus csikii. Phoxinus dragarum, new species, from the Garonne drainage, is distinguished by its unique nuptial colour pattern (green stripe in Z3 reaching up to the anal fin base and Z4 greenish yellow in male; Z4 green-ochre and black line below in Z5 reaching from the pectoral fin bases to the anal fin base in female), and by an incomplete lateral line generally reaching to a point in front of the anal fin base or just shortly beyond the origin of the last anal fin ray. Phoxinus fayollarum, new species, from the Loire drainage, is distinguished by its unique nuptial colour pattern (green bars in Z3 and Z4, Z4 bright yellow, and belly red in male; green stripe in Z3, Z4 yellow-pinkish, and red spots at the pectoral, pelvic and anal fin base in female). Minnows of the Rhône drainage are identified as Phoxinus septimaniae. We consider Pisciculus varius and Phoxynus montanus as nomen oblitum and Phoxinus septimaniae as nomen protectum, and Leuciscus obtusus as incertae sedis within Leuciscidae.

Rimicaris exoculata: biology and ecology of a shrimp from deep-sea hydrothermal vents associated with ectosymbiotic bacteria - Magali Zbinden; Cambon-Bonavita, MA (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2020)
Rimicaris exoculata, the ‘blind shrimp,’ is the most abundant species living on active hydrothermal edifices at deep-sea vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Its unusually enlarged branchial chamber houses a dense ectosymbiotic community of chemoautotrophic bacteria. Long debated, shrimp nutrition has been proven to be a kind of osmotrophy, whereby small organic molecules produced by the symbionts pass through the integument of the shrimp directly into the circulatory system, rather than through the digestive system. The broad phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of this epibiotic community suggests a highly flexible and adjustable microbial consortium, adapted to the chemically contrasting environments inhabited by the shrimp. To cope with the highly fluctuating oxygen and temperature conditions of its habitat, R. exoculata possesses hemocyanin with a strong oxygen affinity, and has developed both molecular and behavioral responses to heat stresses. If R. exoculata is able to detect very dim light or chemical compounds emitted by vents, the relatively small visual and olfactory areas in the brain, along with the disproportionately enlarged higher centers, argue for a significant involvement of navigational skills using learning and place memory to orient itself within its aphotic environment. This shrimp undergoes unconventional larval development, with a primary lecithotrophic stage followed by an extended planktotrophic period, allowing a huge potential for dispersion. In light of mining licenses posing a threat for deep-sea environments, this species is a model still to be studied to better understand life in extreme deep-sea ecosystems at the global scale of an ocean.

Seasonal variations of phytoplankton assemblages in relation to environmental factors in Mediterranean coastal waters of Morocco, a focus on HABs species - Benlahcen Rijal Leblad; Rachid Amnhir; Sagou Reqia; Ferdaous Sitel; Mohamed Marhraoui; Mohamed Karim Ouelad Abdellah; Benoît Véron; Hassan Er-Raioui; Mohamed Laabir (Harmful Algae, 2020)
Studies on phytoplankton and in particular Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) species in southern Mediterranean waters are scarce. We performed from April 2008 to June 2009 weekly investigations on microphytoplankton community structure and abundance in two contrasted marine ecosystems located in the western Moroccan Mediterranean coast, M'diq Bay and Oued Laou Estuary. Simultaneously, we measured the main physico-che- mical parameters. Globally, the two studied areas showed comparable values of the assessed abiotic environ- mental factors. Temperature and salinity followed seasonal variation with values ranging from 13.5 °C to 21.4 °C and 31 to 36.8, respectively. Average nutrient values in surface water ranged from 0.7 to 45.76 μM for dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 0.02–2.10 μM for PO4 and 0.23–17.46 μM for SiO4 in the study areas. A total of 92 taxa belonging to 8 taxonomic classes were found. The highest number of microphytoplankton abundance reached 1.2 × 106 cells L−1 with diatoms being the most abundant taxa. Factorial Discriminant Analysis (FDA) and Spearman correlation test showed a significant seasonal discrimination of dominant microphytoplankton spe- cies. These micro-organisms were associated with different environmental variables, in particular temperature and salinity. Numerous HABs species were encountered regularly along the year. Although Dinophysis species and Prorocentrum lima were present in both sites, no Lipophilic Shellfish Poisoning was detected for the analyzed bivalve mollusks. Domoic acid (DA), produced by toxic species of Pseudo-nitzschia was found with concentrations up to 18 μg DA g−1 in the smooth clam Callista chione. Data showed that the observed persistent and dramatic Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) intoxication of mollusks resulted probably of Gymnodinium catenatum pro- liferations in both studied areas. Contrary to C. chione, the cockle Achanthocardia tuberculatum showed a per- manent and extremely high toxicity level during the 15 months survey with up to 7545 μg Equivalent Saxitoxin kg−1 flesh (ten times higher than the sanitary threshold of 800 μg eqSTX Kg−1flesh). The present work high- lights for the first time the dynamic of microphytoplankton including HABs species and their associated toxin accumulation in the commercially exploited shellfish in the southern western Mediterranean waters of Morocco. Furthermore, the acquired data will help us to improve the monitoring of HABs species and related toxins in these coastal marine systems.

Seasonal variations of phytoplankton assemblages in relation to environmental factors in Mediterranean coastal waters of Morocco, a focus on HABs species - Rijal Leblad, Benlahcen; Amnhir, Rachid; Reqia, Sagou; Sitel, Ferdaous; Daoudi, Mouna; Marhraoui, Mohamed; Ouelad Abdellah, Mohamed Karim; Benoît Véron; Er-Raioui, Hassan; Laabir, Mohamed (Harmful Algae, 2020)

Sediment stability: can we disentangle the effect of bioturbating species on sediment erodibility from their impact on sediment roughness? - Dairain, Annabelle; Maire, Olivier; Meynard, Guillaume; Richard, Anaïs; Rodolfo-Damiano, Tiffany; Francis Orvain (Marine Environmental Research, 2020)

Sex determination in the oyster Crassostrea gigas - A large longitudinal study of population sex ratios and individual sex changes - Broquard, Coralie; Anne-Sophie Martinez; Maurouard, Elise; Lamy, Jean-Baptiste; Degremont, Lionel (Aquaculture, 2020)
Keywords: Crassostrea gigas; Hermaphroditism; Oysters; Sex change; sex-ratio

Shells of the bivalve Astarte moerchi give new evidence of a strong pelagic-benthic coupling shift occurring since the late 1970s in the North Water polynya - Frédéric Olivier; Gaillard, Blandine; Thebault, Julien; Tarik Meziane; Tremblay, Rejean; Dumont, Dany; Bélanger, Simon; Gosselin, Michel; Jolivet, Aurélie; Chauvaud, Laurent; Martel, André L.; Rysgaard, Søren; et al. (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2020)
Climate changes in the Arctic may weaken the currently tight pelagic-benthic coupling. In response to decreasing sea ice cover, arctic marine systems are expected to shift from a ‘sea-ice algae–benthos' to a ‘phytoplankton-zooplankton’ dominance. We used mollusc shells as bioarchives and fatty acid trophic markers to estimate the effects of the reduction of sea ice cover on the food exported to the seafloor. Bathyal bivalve Astarte moerchi living at 600 m depth in northern Baffin Bay reveals a clear shift in growth variations and Ba/Ca ratios since the late 1970s, which we relate to a change in food availability. Tissue fatty acid compositions show that this species feeds mainly on microalgae exported from the euphotic zone to the seabed. We, therefore, suggest that changes in pelagic-benthic coupling are likely due either to local changes in sea ice dynamics, mediated through bottom-up regulation exerted by sea ice on phytoplankton production, or to a mismatch between phytoplankton bloom and zooplankton grazing due to phenological change. Both possibilities allow a more regular and increased transfer of food to the seabed. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning'.

Shifting levels of ecological network's analysis reveals different system properties - Nathalie Niquil; Haraldsson, M.; Sime-Ngando, T.; Huneman, P.; Borrett, S.R. (Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2020)
Network analyses applied to models of complex systems generally contain at least three levels of analyses. Whole-network metrics summarize general organizational features (properties or relationships) of the entire network, while node-level metrics summarize similar organization features but consider individual nodes. The network- and node-level metrics build upon the primary pairwise relationships in the model. As with many analyses, sometimes there are interesting differences at one level that disappear in the summary at another level of analysis. We illustrate this phenomenon with ecosystem network models, where nodes are trophic compartments and pairwise relationships are flows of organic carbon, such as when a predator eats a prey. For this demonstration, we analysed a time-series of 16 models of a lake planktonic food web that describes carbon exchanges within an autumn cyanobacteria bloom and compared the ecological conclusions drawn from the three levels of analysis based on inter-time-step comparisons. A general pattern in our analyses was that the closer the levels are in hierarchy (node versus network, or flow versus node level), the more they tend to align in their conclusions. Our analyses suggest that selecting the appropriate level of analysis, and above all regularly using multiple levels, may be a critical analytical decision. This article is part of the theme issue 'Unifying the essential concepts of biological networks: biological insights and philosophical foundations'.

Solomon’s Gold Mine: Description or redescription of 24 species of Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) freshwater shrimps from the Solomon Islands, including 11 new species. - de Mazancourt, Valentin; Boseto, David; Marquet, Gérard; Philippe Keith (European Journal of Taxonomy, 2020)

Sources of organic matter in an atypical phytoplankton rich coral ecosystem, Marquesas Islands: composition and properties - Fey, P.; Parravicini, V.; Lebreton, B.; Tarik Meziane; René Galzin; Zubia, M.; Bӑnaru, D.; Letourneur, Y. (Marine Biology, 2020)
The purpose of this work is to characterize several potential sources of organic matter (OM) in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, and to understand how these sources contribute to OM pools. Stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) and fatty acid (FA) compositions of OM potential sources (algal turf, benthic macroalgae, detrital terrestrial plants (DTP), phytoplankton) and OM pools (sediment (SOM) and particulate organic matter (POM)) were studied in coastal areas in Nuku Hiva Island. Isotope compositions of marine POM (δ13C = −22.5 ± 0.8 ‰; δ15N = 12.1 ± 1.1 ‰) and SOM (δ13C = −19.1 ± 0.9 ‰; δ15N = 14.4 ± 0.5 ‰) highlighted that OM sources at the base of the local food web had unusually high δ15N values. Potential FA markers of diatoms and/or cyanobacteria (20:5ω3 and 16:1ω7) were found in these two OM pools. In addition, coastal SOM also displayed FA markers of bacteria, macroalgae and terrestrial plants. Formarine POM, potential macroalgae FA markers were recorded (18:2ω6 and 16:2ω4). The stable isotope mixing model highlighted the major contribution of phyto-plankton to the coastal SOM (62%), followed by benthic macroalgae (32%), whereas marine POM was mainly composed of a mixture of algal turf and phytoplankton in similar averaged proportions (38%) but presenting wide variations. Our results as a whole strongly suggest that pelagic-benthic coupled processes drive the characteristics and properties of OM sources.

A spatial food web model to investigate potential spillover effects of a fishery closure in an offshore wind farm - Halouani, Ghassen; Villanueva, Ching-Maria; Raoux, Aurore; Dauvin, Jean Claude; Ben Rais Lasram, Frida; Foucher, Eric; Le Loc'h, Francois; Safi, Georges; Araignous, Emma; Jean-Paul Robin; Nathalie Niquil (Journal of Marine Systems, 2020)

Spatial gradients of introgressed ancestry reveal cryptic connectivity patterns in a high gene flow marine fish - Robinet, Tony; Roussel, Valérie; Cheze, Karine; Gagnaire, Pierre‐Alexandre (Molecular Ecology, 2020)
Assessing genetic connectivity among populations in high gene flow species is sometimes insufficient to evaluate demographic connectivity. Genetic differentiation quickly becomes zero as soon as a few dozen migrants are exchanged per generation. This provides little information to determine whether migration can ensure demographic coupling. The resulting difficulties in delineating conservation units for the management of commercially exploited marine fish species are well illustrated in the case of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Previous attempts to assess connectivity patterns in the northeast Atlantic have been hampered by a lack of spatial genetic structure. In contrast, mark‐recapture data suggested low migration rates between regional spawning areas. Here, we show how a spatial gradient of introgressed Mediterranean ancestry across the northeast Atlantic reflects cryptic patterns of genetic and demographic connectivity. Using a 1K SNP chip data set in 827 individuals sampled from Portugal to the North Sea, we found null overall genetic differentiation across the northeast Atlantic. We however detected a subtle latitudinal admixture gradient originating at the edge of the contact zone with the Mediterranean sea bass lineage. Two significant breaks in the ancestry gradient at the tip of Galicia and northern Brittany indicated barriers to effective dispersal between demographically distinct units. Moreover, a northward expansion signal in Irish and North Seas was revealed by the surfing of rare Mediterranean alleles at the edge of the species range. Our results show that introgressed ancestry gradients offer a powerful alternative to assess genetic and demographic connectivity when the neutral migration‐drift balance is not informative.

Stable species boundaries despite ten million years of hybridization in tropical eels - Barth, Julia M. I.; Gubili, Chrysoula; Matschiner, Michael; Tørresen, Ole K.; Watanabe, Shun; Egger, Bernd; Han, Yu-San; Eric Feunteun; Sommaruga, Ruben; Jehle, Robert; Robert Schabetsberger (Nature Communications, 2020)

Stable species boundaries despite ten million years of hybridization in tropical eels - Barth, Julia M. I.; Gubili, Chrysoula; Matschiner, Michael; Tørresen, Ole K.; Watanabe, Shun; Egger, Bernd; Han, Yu-San; Eric Feunteun; Sommaruga, Ruben; Jehle, Robert; Schabetsberger, Robert (Nature Communications, 2020)

A standardized, innovative method to characterize the structure of aquatic protein hydrolysates - Leduc, Alexandre; Fournier, Vincent; Henry, Joël (Heliyon, 2020)

Stock assessment and management of cephalopods: advances and challenges for short-lived fishery resourcesAbstract - Arkhipkin, Alexander I; Hendrickson, Lisa C; Payá, Ignacio; Pierce, Graham J; Roa-Ureta, Ruben H; Jean-Paul Robin; Winter, Andreas (ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2020)

Taxonomic study of the freshwater shrimps genus Atyoida Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in Polynesia with a revalidation of A. tahitensis Stimpson, 1860 - Camille Lorang; de Mazancourt, Valentin; Marquet, Gérard; Philippe Keith (Zootaxa, 2020)
Numerous specimens of Atyoida were collected in Polynesia during specific samplings led by the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN, Paris) from 1983 to 2017. In the context of an integrative taxonomy, all the Polynesian specimens were morphologically and genetically studied. The molecular study proved that the specimens were split in two different clades separated by 7% genetic distance (16S) and geographically structured that can be considered as two distinct species. In this article, A. tahitensis Stimpson, 1860 from Eastern Polynesia is re-validated as a distinct species from A. pilipes (Newport 1847) from Vanuatu to Marquesas archipelago. The morphological study, besides coloration patterns (Body blackish on its back, ornamented on its flanks with numerous bluish dots and longitudinal stripes for A. tahitensis; orange-yellow back as well as the antennular peduncle, telson and uropods with the flanks whitish ornamented with numerous blue-black patterns of various shapes for A. pilipes), did not allow us to find characters to distinguish easily the two species. Detailed re-descriptions and the geographical distribution of these two species are given and a neotype deposited in the MNHN (Paris) is designated for A. tahitensis.
Keywords: Atyidae; Atyoida; Crustacea; Taxonomic

Structure of small tropical island freshwater fish and crustacean communities: A niche‐or dispersal‐based process? - Lagarde, Raphaël; Teichert, Nils; Valade, Pierre; Ponton, Dominique (Biotropica, 2020)
Determining the relative importance of niche‐ and dispersal‐based processes in the structuring of animal communities is central in ecology. Freshwater fish and crustacean communities of small tropical islands can bring new insights for understanding these processes as all their species present a pelagic larval stage which gives them important dispersal capacities. Consequently, we hypothesized that dispersal‐based process may be preponderant for structuring these communities from the regional to the local, that is, survey site, scales. Gradient forest analyses allowed us to model the effect of 12 environmental variables on freshwater taxa abundances in two southwestern Indian Ocean islands: Mayotte (26 taxa) and Reunion (21). A total of 153 surveys in Mayotte and 266 in Reunion were used for building the models. Despite the strong heterogeneity of environmental conditions between the two islands, the main factors structuring freshwater fish and crustacean communities in both islands were the elevation and the slope of the sites. The observed structure appeared more pronounced for predatory species than for primary consumers and omnivores. As predators generally have limited locomotor capacities, it is concluded that dispersal‐based process structures these communities not only at large geographical scales but also at the intra‐watershed scale, by limiting the inland penetration (or dispersion) of species in relation to their locomotor capacities. However, more knowledge concerning ecological traits and taxonomic status of many species is needed to confirm this assumption.
Keywords: abundances; diadromy; environmental gradients; Migration; taxonomic richness; western Indian Ocean

Survival and breeding interval of an endangered marine vertebrate, the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea, in French Guiana - Chevallier, Damien; Girondot, M; Berzins, R; Chevalier, J; de Thoisy, B; Fretey, J; Kelle, L; Lebreton, JD (Endangered Species Research, 2020)

Swinging boat moorings: Spatial heterogeneous damage to eelgrass beds in a tidal ecosystem - Vincent Ouisse; Irina Marchand-Jouravleff; Annie Fiandrino; Eric Feunteun; Frédéric Ysnel (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2020)
Seagrass meadows are currently known to be subjected to huge physical disturbances including boat moorings in shallow bays. We aimed to identify the impact of permanent swing mooring on the fast-growing seagrass Zostera marina in a mega-tidal area. Coupling the hydrodynamic MARS3D model to simulate mooring chain movements and in situ measurements of plant traits, we analyzed the structural responses of the eelgrass bed to scraping disturbance in the western English Channel (France). A comparison of the results with a reference site without any permanent swing boat mooring showed a significant impact on eelgrass structure (shoot density, leaf size, leaf dry weight), depending on the direction and distance from the mooring. Zostera marina was absent close to the mooring fixation point in three out of the four directions we evaluated. Beyond 5 m, the canopy height remained lower than in the reference site, most likely due to regular disturbances by mooring chains. Conversely, shoot density beyond 5 m was higher than in the reference site. This adaptive response counter-balanced the decrease in canopy height at these distances. The fluctuations of the structure of the eelgrass cover (number of shoots, leaf length) at a small spatial scale was clearly in accordance with the scraping intensity simulated by the MARS3D model. The tidal currents coupled to tidal amplitude variability imply a small-scale heterogeneous effect of permanent mooring on the benthic compartment, previously undetected by an aerial survey. The present results highlight the interest of coupling approaches so as to understand how physical pressure influences fast-growing species traits. The resulting important modifications could imply a more functional impact such as biodiversity loss and carbon sequestration, which is beyond the scope of the present paper.
Keywords: Anthropogenic disturbances; Boat mooring; Modeling approach; SCUBA-Diving; Seagrass ecology

Taxonomy and 18S rDNA-based phylogeny of Henneguya multiradiatus n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxobolidae) a parasite of Brochis multiradiatus from Peruvian Amazon - Mathews, Patrick D.; Mertins, Omar; Espinoza, Luis L.; Milanin, Tiago; Alama-Bermejo, Gema; Audebert, Fabienne; Morandini, André C. (Microbial Pathogenesis, 2020)

Temperature and salinity changes in coastal waters of Western Europe: variability, trends and extreme events - Charria, Guillaume; Rimmelin-Maury, Peggy; Goberville, Eric; Stéphane L'Helguen; Barrier, Nicolas; David-Beausire, Christine; Cariou, Thierry; Emilie Grossteffan; Répécaud, Michel; Quéméner, Loic; Theetten, Sébastien; Paul Tréguer (Evolution of Marine Coastal Ecosystems under the Pressure of Global Changes, 2020)
Coastal marine ecosystems worldwide are not only highly affected by the effects of human activities, but also by the influence of natural climate variability and global climate change. However, it is still a challenge to assess the spatial and temporal scales at which forcings operate and their persistence over time, to determine the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems to climate changes and climate extreme events, and therefore to anticipate the ecological and biological responses of these areas. By investigating these knowledge gaps, our recent studies have shown that the combination of large- and local-scale hydroclimatic influences have induced obvious changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of coastal waters in Western Europe. Because of the complex and non-linear climate-coastal ecosystem relationships, a thorough understanding of the underlying processes is still needed, while extending the spatial and temporal scales of inference. Here, using both high- and low-frequency observations collected from 1998 onwards at the outlet of the Bay of Brest and off Roscoff, we described and documented monthly changes in (1) sea surface temperature, (2) sea surface salinity, (3) river discharges and (4) precipitation patterns. By focusing on the winter period (from December to February), our study revealed that coastal waters of Western Europe are not only significantly connected to large-scale atmospheric conditions and patterns, but also to local-scale drivers such as river discharges. Current strong impacts of regional climate extreme events worldwide led us to devote more attention on understanding the possible impacts of such episodes on the long-term variability and trends of these ecosystems in coastal waters of Western Europe. The signature of extreme events in the Bay of Brest is described and the numerical simulations allowed us to highlight the link between local rivers and changes in salinity.
Keywords: Climate variability; Coastal ecosystems; Extreme events; High- and low-frequency in situ sampling; Large and local forcings

Time-Dynamic Food Web Modeling to Explore Environmental Drivers of Ecosystem Change on the Kerguelen Plateau - Subramaniam, Roshni C.; Melbourne-Thomas, Jessica; Corney, Stuart P.; Alexander, Karen; Clara Péron; Ziegler, Philippe; Swadling, Kerrie M. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)
Understanding the impacts of climate and fishing on marine systems is important for ecosystem-based management in the Southern Ocean, but can be difficult to evaluate due to patchy data in space and time. We developed the first time-dynamic food web model for the Kerguelen Plateau using Ecopath with Ecosim to explore likely drivers of change in this relatively data-poor region. The Kerguelen Plateau is located at the centre of intersecting frontal systems and is inhabited by one of the largest populations of the commercially important Patagonian toothfish. We used this model to evaluate the environmental and human drivers of food web dynamics in the region by calibrating it with French and Australian fisheries data from 1997–2018 and biomass data for the period 1986–2018. Fishing was not identified as a driver of food web dynamics within this model, which could indicate that current management strategies are sustainable. A correlation analysis with environmental parameters likely to drive food web dynamics (sea surface temperature, zonal wind, Southern Annular Mode and chlorophyll a concentration) highlighted cool sea surface temperature, higher zonal wind speeds and negative phases of the Southern Annular Mode as important drivers of change, particularly during the summer. As the Southern Ocean is predicted to warm and winds are expected to intensify under future climate change, our study illustrates the importance of considering environmental change in ecosystem management.

A tomographic study of the histological structure of teeth in the gilthead sea bream, - Germain, Damien; François J Meunier (Journal of Fish Biology, 2020)
X‐ray tomography shows that caniniform and molariform teeth of the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, have a simplexodont plicidentine organization. Together with an insertion of the teeth in alveolae, and the presence of bony shafts sustaining the dental plate, the simplexodont plicidentine is linked to the durophagous diet of the fish.

Towards transferability in fish migration models: A generic operational tool for predicting silver eel migration in rivers - Teichert, Nils; Tétard, Stéphane; Thomas Trancart; de Oliveira, Eric; Anthony Acou; Alexandre Carpentier; Bourillon, Bastien; Eric Feunteun (Science of The Total Environment, 2020)
In the global context of river fragmentation, predicting fish migration is urgent to implement management actions aimed at protecting and promoting the free movement of diadromous fish. However, large-scale applicability of conservation measures requires transferable models that enable prediction of migration even in data-poor regions. Here, we surveyed 12 contrasted European river sites to predict the activity peaks of silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) during river migration towards spawning areas through an ensemble modelling approach. Site-specific Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) models were adjusted using standardized hydrological variables to predict migration probability, which were aggregated in consensus predictions. Results of independent cross-validations demonstrated that silver eel migration runs were accurately predicted in response to changes in river discharge. Transferability and predictive performance were improved by considering catchment-size dissimilarity between river sites (85 to 109 930 km²) when combining the site-specific predictions. Nevertheless, we provided two examples for which the effects of human actions on flow conditions were so high that they prevented reliable predictions of migration runs. Further contributions should thus take advantage of the flexibility of our approach for updating model collection with new sites to extend the predictive performance under a larger range of ecological conditions. Our transferable hydrological-based modelling framework offers an opportunity to implement large-scale management strategies for eel conservation, even in rivers where eel monitoring data lack. The BRT models and prediction functions were compiled in an R package named ‘silvRpeak’ to facilitate operational implementation by end-user managers, which can determine when mitigation measures should be implemented to improve river continuity (e.g. turbine shutdown and sluice gate opening) and balance their economic activity towards eel conservation. The only input required is discharge records that are widely available across European hydrological stations.
Keywords: eel runs prediction; ensemble modelling; European eel management; fish migration; model transferability; river obstacle

Transfer of elements released by aluminum galvanic anodes in a marine sedimentary compartment after long-term monitoring in harbor and laboratory environments - Christelle Caplat; Olivier Basuyaux; Pineau, S; Deborde, Jonathan; Grolleau, AM; S. Leglatin; Mahaut, Marie-Laure (Chemosphere, 2020)
Cathodic protection by galvanic anodes (GACP) is often used to protect immerged metallic structures in harbor environments, especially GACP employing aluminum-based anodes. To follow a previous study that was performed in a laboratory on Al-anode, two monitoring periods were performed in parallel, one in an in situ environment (in the Port of Calais) for 42 months and the other in a laboratory for 18 months, to evaluate the transfer of metals constituting the Al-anode towards the sedimentary compartment. During each monitoring, two conditions of agitation of water (weak and strong) were compared, and different factors of sediment quality were used to assess the enrichment and potential toxic effects of these released metals. The results showed that the dissolution of Al-anode-induced a greater Zn enrichment of sediment than an Al enrichment. This is in contrast with the abundance of these elements present in the composition of the anode and suggested a potential toxic effect for marine organisms with regards to the discovered Zn level, especially in confined areas.
Keywords: Aluminum; galvanic anode; Harbor; Marine sediments; Quality index; Zinc

Unidirectional response to bidirectional selection on body size. I. Phenotypic, life‐history, and endocrine responses - Renneville, Clémentine; Millot, Alexis; Agostini, Simon; Carmignac, David; Maugars, Gersende; Sylvie Dufour; Le Rouzic, Arnaud; Edeline, Eric (Ecology and Evolution, 2020)

Unmasking continental natal homing in goliath catfish from the upper Amazon - Hauser, Marilia; Duponchelle, Fabrice; Hermann, Theodore W.; Limburg, Karin E.; Castello, Leandro; Stewart, Donald J.; Torrente‐Vilara, Gislene; García‐Vasquez, Aurea; García‐Dávila, Carmen; Marc Pouilly; Pecheyran, Christophe; Ponzevera, Emmanuel; et al. (Freshwater Biology, 2020)

Unravelling the changes during induced vitellogenesis in female European eel through RNA-Seq: What happens to the liver? - Bertolini, Francesca; Jørgensen, Michelle Grace Pinto; Henkel, Christiaan; Sylvie Dufour; Tomkiewicz, Jonna (PLOS ONE, 2020)

An Untargeted Metabolomic Approach for Microphytobenthic Biofilms in Intertidal Mudflats - Gaubert-Boussarie, Julie; Prado, Soizic; Cédric Hubas (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)
Microphytobenthic (MPB) biofilms in intertidal muddy sediments play important ecological functions in coastal ecosystems. These biofilms are mainly composed of epipelic diatoms but also prokaryotes, with a dominance of bacteria, which excrete diverse extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) according to their environment. While numerous studies have investigated the main components of these EPS matrices via traditional colorimetric assays, their fine composition, notably in specialized metabolites, is still largely unknown. A better chemical characterization of these MPB biofilms is necessary, especially regarding the numerous functions their chemical components play for microorganisms (e.g., motility, cell protection, defense mechanisms, and chemical communication), but also for coastal systems (e.g., primary production, sediment stabilization, larval settlement of some invertebrates with high economical value). An alternative approach to traditional analyses is the use of untargeted metabolomic techniques, which have not yet been applied to such MPB biofilms. The objectives of the present study were to (a) propose a protocol for metabolic fingerprinting by LC-MS and GC-MS for metabolites analysis in polar and non-polar fractions in MPB biofilms extracted from mudflat sediment and to (b) apply this protocol to a case study: the effect of light exposure on the metabolomic fingerprint of the MPB biofilm community. We compared three extraction methods using different mixes of solvents and selected a methanol/chloroform mix (1:1), which gave better results for both techniques and fractions. We then applied the selected protocol to our case study using a short-term light exposure experiment in aquaria (7 days). The present study is the first using a detailed untargeted metabolomic approach on MPB biofilms from mudflat sediment and will provide a solid baseline for further work in this area.

Upstream as a sanctuary for the French populations of catalan chub Squalius laietanus (Teleostei , Leuciscidae) threatened by the allochtonous European chub S. cephalus - Rose, Morgane; Dettai, Agnès; Lefèbvre, Stéphane; Blanc, Laurence; Poulet, Nicolas; Baudier, Olivier; Hautecoeur, Mélyne; Denys, Gaël (SIBIC 2020, 2020)
In the Pyrénées-Orientales department (France), three Mediterranean catchments (Agly, Têt and Tech) are subject to high variations in water levels during Cevenol-type events. In order to fight against the effects of these floods, dams and wiers were built along these rivers with consequences on aquatic fauna, eliminating the ecological continuum. The chub Squalius is a potamodromous fish occurring from the salmonids stream to close to the estuaries. Moreover, whereas the European chub S. cephalus was thought to be represented by a single species in France, another species, endemic to Catalonia, was described: the Catalan chub S. laietanus. However, S. cephalus was also introduced in the catchments of this area with possibly threats of hybridization. Samples from eight populations of Squalius spp coming from these rivers were genetically identified using a DNA Barcoding approach with a mitochondrial (COI) and a nuclear (RAG1) markers. Our results confirm the presence of both species in the three drainages as well as their hybridization, threatening S. laietanus by hybridization as in 70% of Mediterrannean endemic species. There is also a downstream-upstream gradient in the presence of S. cephalus in the Têt and Tech catchments. S. laietanus seems less impacted by S. cephalus in headwaters than downstream. One of the explanations would be the numerous weirs between these areas. If the negative impacts of the absence of ecological continuum on the ichthyofauna are known and cannot be denied, these weirs might form in this case a barrier against the presence of S. cephalus in headwaters. As a consequence, S. laietanus has been evaluated as EN in the last French UICN Red List published in 2019. While the ecological parameters still need to be examined, our study brings additional information for better suited conservation actions regarding the ecological continuum.

Using Modern Conservation Tools for Innovative Management of Coral Reefs: The MANACO ConsortiumVideo_1.MP4 - Selmoni, Oliver; Lecellier, Gaël; Ainley, Lara; Collin, Antoine; Doucet, Raimana; Dubousquet, Vaimiti; Feremaito, Hudson; Ito Waia, Edouard; Kininmonth, Stuart; Magalon, Hélène; Malimali, Siola’a; Maugateau, Ateliana; et al. (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020)

Variacion de la amplitud del nicho isotopico de tres especies de peces en un gradiente de disponibilidad de recursos - Echeverría, Aldo; Marc Pouilly; Rejas, Danny (Ecologia en Bolivia, 2020)

What evidence exists on the impacts of chemicals arising from human activity on tropical reef-building corals? A systematic map protocol - Ouédraogo, Dakis-Yaoba; Sordello, Romain; Brugneaux, S.; Burga, K.; Calvayrac, C.; Castelin, Magalie; Domart-Coulon, Isabelle; Ferrier-Pages, C; Mireille M.M. Guillaume; Hédouin, L.; Joannot, P.; Perceval, O.; et al. (Environmental Evidence, 2020)
Background: Tropical coral reefs cover ca. 0.1% of the Earth’s surface but host an outstanding biodiversity and provide important ecosystem services to millions of people living nearby. However, they are currently threatened by both local (e.g. nutrient enrichment and chemical pollution of coastal reefs, arising from poor land management, agriculture and industry) and global stressors (mainly seawater warming and acidification, i.e. climate change). Global and local stressors interact together in different ways, but the presence of one stressor often reduces the tolerance to additional stress. While global stressors cannot be halted by local actions, local stressors can be reduced through ecosystem management, therefore minimizing the impact of climate change on reefs. To inform decision-makers, we propose here to systematically map the evidence of impacts of chemicals arising from anthropogenic activities on tropical reef-building corals, which are the main engineer species of reef ecosystems. We aim to identify the combinations of chemical and coral responses that have attracted the most attention and for which evidence can be further summarized in a systematic review that will give practical information to decision-makers. Methods: The systematic map will follow the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence Guidelines and Standards for Evidence Synthesis in Environmental Management. We will search the relevant literature using English terms combined in a tested search string in two publication databases (Web Of Science Core Collection and Scopus). The search string will combine terms describing the population (tropical reef-building corals) and the exposure (chemicals). We will supplement this literature with some more obtained through search engines, specialist websites, and through a call to local stakeholders. Titles, abstracts, and full-texts will then be successively screened using pre-defined eligibility criteria. A list of pre-defined variables will then be extracted from full-texts. Finally, a database of all studies included in the map with coded metadata will be produced. The evidence will be described in a map report with text, figures and tables, and a matrix showing the distribution and frequency of included study into types of exposure and types of outcomes will be computed to identify potential knowledge gaps and knowledge clusters.
Keywords: Contamination; Hermatypic; Nutrients; pollution; Scleractinian

What is the best combination of modalities of twelve environmental, feeding and populational factors to improve pikeperch larval rearing in recirculating aquaculture systems? - Tatiana Colchen; Gisbert, E.; Krauss, D.; Ledoré, Y.; Pasquet, A.; Fontaine, P. (Aquaculture Reports, 2020)
Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) has a high potential for inland aquaculture diversification in Europe. Bottlenecks (i.e. low survival, cannibalism and deformity rates) hamper further expansion of pikeperch culture, because of the weak production performances at the nursery level. To improve the production of pikeperch juveniles under recirculation system we used a pilot scale larval rearing system (700 L tanks) and multifactorial designs. Three successive larval rearing trials (duration: 35-49 days) were conducted to identify the best combination of en- vironmental, feeding and population factors. Considering the main significant effects observed on survival, growth, swim bladder inflation rates and biomass gain, a favourable combination of twelve factor (F) modalities was proposed (F1- initial density: 100 larvae.L-1, F2- no sorting of fish jumper, F3- no sibling population, F4- eggs from large females, F5- discontinuous feeding, F6- no co-feeding, F7- light intensity: 50 lx, F8- beginning of the weaning at 16 dph (days post-hatching), F9- weaning duration: 9 days, F10- water renewal rate of 100 % per hour, F11- tank cleaning during morning and F12- tank bottom-up water current). A final validation step was realized over a last trial (seven replicates, duration: 49 days), and validated with the best productive results obtained over the global experimental period (2015-2018). These results were: a final body weight of 815.64 ± 95.34 mg, a survival rate of 16.9 ± 1.7 %, a specific growth rate of 15.1 ± 5.9 %.d-1, a final fish biomass of 9.55±0.23 kg, a swim bladder inflation rate of 92.6±3.2 % and a food conversion rate of 0.65 ± 0.02 (dry food). The final stocking density was 13.6 kg.m-3 of rearing volume. Authors were able to validate and provide a reliable basic protocol for pikeperch larval rearing using recirculating units.
Keywords: early life stages; fish farming; multifactorial design; recirculating aquaculture system; Sander lucioperca

When “safe” dams kill: Analyzing combination of impacts of overflow dams on the migration of silver eels - Thomas Trancart; Alexandre Carpentier; Anthony Acou; Fabien Charrier; Virgile Mazel; Valentin Danet; Eric Feunteun (Ecological Engineering, 2020)
1. The drastic decline in European eel Anguilla anguilla stock is now widely recognized. However, while various causes for this decline have been identified, the relative importance of each cause remains unclear. 2. During the catadromous migration of silver eels, the negative impact of dams is frequently highlighted, but mainly for powered dams (with turbines) or where connectivity is completely ruptured. Mechanical impact due to turbine blades is often considered the most important cause of mortality of silver eels during downstream migration. Consequently, non-powered dams equipped with spillways are often considered safe for the passage of migrating silver eels. 3. We hypothesized that, to understand the negative impacts of dams, a much wider context must be considered than turbine mortality alone. Using an acoustic telemetry survey of silver eels, we demonstrated the negative effects of non-powered dams on downstream migration. 4. Five main impacts on eel populations were highlighted: (i) the attenuation or loss of triggering factors, leading to an absence of or delay in migration; (ii) extra delays and extra distances travelled when crossing the dam; (iii) extra energetic costs of the additional distance travelled as result of exploring the dam and the reservoir to find other escape passages; (iv) the selection of a more risky behavioral phenotype, i.e., bold eels; and (v) direct blocking once migration has started. Mortality was evaluated as a supplementary impact. Some of these effects (attenuation of triggers, extra delays to cross the dam) might be more important than the same effect from powered dams, probably due to the constant high water discharge required for turbines that facilitate the passage of eels. 5. As these “safe” dams are very widespread, they must be considered a potential threat to effective eel conservation.
Keywords: Acoustic telemetry; Migration; mortality; Non-powered dams; Silver eels; Turbines drinking water intake

Activation of the brain-pituitary-gonadotropic axis in the black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegelii during gonadal differentiation and testis development and effect of estradiol treatment. - Lin, Chien-Ju; Wu, Guan-Chung; Sylvie Dufour; Chang, Ching-Fong (General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2019)

Are shallow-water shrimps proxies for hydrothermal-vent shrimps to assess the impact of deep-sea mining? - Mestre, N.C.; Auguste, M.; de Sá, L.C.; Fonseca, T.G.; Cardoso, C.; Brown, A.; Barthelemy, D.; Charlemagne, N.; Hauton, C.; Machon, J.; Juliette Ravaux; Bruce Shillito; et al. (Marine Environmental Research, 2019)

Assessing a species thermal tolerance through a multiparameter approach: the case study of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata - Juliette Ravaux; Léger, Nelly; Hamel, Gérard; Bruce Shillito (Cell Stress and Chaperones, 2019)

Assessing nutrient dynamics in mangrove porewater and adjacent tidal creek using nitrate dual-stable isotopes: A new approach to challenge the Outwelling Hypothesis? - Taillardat, Pierre; Ziegler, Alan D.; Friess, Daniel A.; Widory, David; Frank David; Ohte, Nobuhito; Nakamura, Takashi; Evaristo, Jaivime; Thanh-Nho, Nguyen; Van Vinh, Truong; Marchand, Cyril (Marine Chemistry, 2019)
The importance of mangrove-derived material in sustaining coastal food webs (i.e. the Outwelling Hypothesis) is often invoked in support of mangroves conservation. Biogeochemical cycling, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in mangrove ecosystems, however, is poorly understood because of high spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of sources, sinks, and transformation pathways. Here we show that the distribution of N and P are intimately related to vegetation distribution, tidal cycles, and seasonality. We examined the dynamics of N and P in sediments and in a tidal creek of the Can Gio Mangrove Forest, Vietnam. Our objectives were to (1) determine the spatial distribution of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in the mangrove forest along a Rhizophora-Avicennia-mudﬂat transect; and (2) identify the respective inputs and transformation pathways of N and P in the water column via 24-h time series measurements in a tidal creek. Sediment porewater had N-NH4+ and N-NO3− concentrations < 11 μM, except in the mudﬂat where N-NH4+ was as high as 162 μM. This diﬀerence was likely due to N-NH4+ uptake by trees in the vegetated areas and suggests that mangrove sediments can be a zone of NH4+ production via ammoniﬁcation of organic nitrogen. In all stands, P-PO43− concentrations were three-fold higher during the wet season, with a maximum of 34.4 μM. This can be explained by enhanced microbial activity during the rainy season. The phosphorus seasonal trend was also observed in the creek water but with a maximum P-PO43− value of 4.3 μM only. In the tidal creek, NNH4+ was highly variable (0 to 51 μM), with the higher values measured at low tide and related to porewater discharge from the mudﬂat. Our data suggest that mangroves act both as a sink of dissolved inorganic nutrients via vegetation uptake and a source of ammonium from unvegetated mudﬂat porewater towards the tidal creek. The dual stable isotopes approach (δ15NNO3 & δ18ONO3) revealed that this ammonium was later nitriﬁed within the water column. Moreover, the approach showed that some nitrate originated from the river-estuarine system during rising tides. The export of ammonium from mangrove porewater is presumably entirely consumed before exiting the tidal creek, thereby limiting the spatial extent of mangrove Outwelling. Nevertheless, our multi-isotope approach leads us to conclude that nutrients recycling via mangrove-derived organic matter mineralization may play a fundamental role in sustaining coastal food web.

Assessing the ecological status of an estuarine ecosystem: linking biodiversity and food-web indicators - Le Guen, Camille; Samuele Tecchio; Jean-Claude Dauvin; De Roton, G.; Lobry, Jeremy; Lepage, Mario; Morin, Jocelyne; Géraldine Lassalle; Raoux, Aurore; Nathalie Niquil (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2019)
During the last decades, the highly-anthropized Seine estuary has been impacted by modification of its habitats (building of a major extension of Le Havre harbour, i.e. Port2000) and a significant natural decrease in freshwater discharge. A Before/After analysis, using a toolbox of indicators, was applied to characterize the effects of both events on the estuarine ecosystem status. We selected from existing tool boxes several indicators derived from food web modelling or community composition data, such as biodiversity indicators, a guild-based index (i.e. Estuarine and Lagoon Fish Index ELFI) and ecological network analysis (ENA) indices. ENA and biodiversity indicators were applied on six spatial boxes describing the Seine estuary and its outlet. Results showed an increase in taxonomic and functional richness over time, mainly due to marinisation, and significant changes in food-web properties in relation to Port2000. ENA indices appeared as a promising method in ecological status assessment, especially for estuaries considered as inherently disturbed. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: Biodiversity; bioindicator; community composition; ecological approach; ecological modeling; ecosystem function; ecosystem health; environmental assessment; estuarine ecosystem; food web; France; habitat management; health status; human activity; Le Havre; Normandie; Seine Estuary; Seine Maritime

Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillations drive the basin-scale distribution of Atlantic bluefin tuna - Robin Faillettaz; Grégory Beaugrand; Goberville, Eric; Richard R Kirby (Science Advances, 2019)
The Atlantic bluefin tuna (hereafter referred to as “bluefin tuna”), one of the world's most valuable and exploited fish species, has been declining in abundance throughout the Atlantic from the 1960s until the mid-2000s. Following the establishment of drastic management measures, the stock has started to recover recently and, as a result, stakeholders have raised catch quotas by 50{%} for the period 2017–2020. However, stock assessments still omit the natural, long-term variability in the species distribution. Here, we explore the century-scale fluctuations in bluefin tuna abundance and distribution to demonstrate a prevailing influence of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) to provide new insights into both the collapse of the Nordic bluefin tuna fishery circa 1963 and the recent increase in bluefin tuna abundance in the Northeast Atlantic. Our results demonstrate how climatic variability can modulate the distribution of a large migrating species to generate rapid changes in its regional abundance, and we argue that climatic variability must not be overlooked in stock management plans for effective conservation.

AVIS et RAPPORT de l'Anses relatif aux effets sur la santé humaine et sur l'environnement (faune et flore) des systèmes utilisant des diodes électroluninescentes (LED) - Attia, Dina; Behard-Cohen Francine; Carré, Samuel; Enouf, Olivier; Jack Falcon; Gronfier, Claude; Hicks, David; Martinsons, Christophe; Metlaine, Arnaud; Tahkamo, Leena; Torriglia, Alicia; Viénot, Françoise (ANSES, 2019)
Keywords: Fauna; Flora; health; LED; Light-at-night; pollution

Bacterial–Fungal Interactions in the Kelp Endomicrobiota Drive Autoinducer-2 Quorum Sensing - Tourneroche, Anne; Lami, Raphaël; Cédric Hubas; Blanchet, Elodie; Vallet, Marine; Escoubeyrou, Karine; Paris, Alain; Prado, Soizic (Frontiers in Microbiology, 2019)
Brown macroalgae are an essential component of temperate coastal ecosystems and a growing economic sector. They harbor diverse microbial communities that regulate algal development and health. This algal holobiont is dynamic and achieves equilibrium via a complex network of microbial and host interactions. We now report that bacterial and fungal endophytes associated with four brown algae (Ascophyllum nodosum, Pelvetia canaliculata, Laminaria digitata, and Saccharina latissima) produce metabolites that interfere with bacterial autoinducer-2 quorum sensing, a signaling system implicated in virulence and host colonization. Additionally, we performed co-culture experiments combined to a metabolomic approach and demonstrated that microbial interactions influence production of metabolites, including metabolites involved in quorum sensing. Collectively, the data highlight autoinducer-2 quorum sensing as a key metabolite in the complex network of interactions within the algal holobiont.

Barbatula leoparda (Actinopterygii, Nemacheilidae), a new endemic species of stone loach of French Catalonia - Gauliard, Camille; Dettai, Agnès; Persat, Henri; Philippe Keith; Denys, Gaël (Cybium, 2019)
This study described a new stone loach species in France, Barbatula leoparda, which is endemic to French Catalonia (Têt and Tech river drainages). Seven specimens were compared to 49 specimens of B. barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758) and 71 specimens of B. quignardi (Băcescu-Meşter, 1967). This new species is characterized by the presence of blotches on the belly and the jugular area in individuals longer than 47 mm SL and by a greater interorbital distance (35.5 to 41.8% of the head length). We brought moreover the sequence of two mitochondrial markers (COI and 12S, respectively 652 and 950 bp) of the holotype, which are well distinct from all other species, for molecular identifications. This discovery is important for conservation.
Keywords: Barbatula leopard; French Catalonia; Freshwater; Nemacheilidae; New species

Beaches seasonal and paroxysmal morphosedimentary dynamics. results of 10 years Martinique coastal observation network. - Franck Dolique; Sedrati, M.; Charpentier, J.; Jeanson, Matthieu; Cohen, O.; Dupuy, L.; Alami, S. (Journal of Coastal Research, 2019)

Behavior of Antimicrobial Peptide K4 in a Marine Environment. - Houyvet, Baptiste; Leduc, Alexandre; Cornet, Valérie; Pontin, Julien; Bernay, Benoît; Joël Henry; Vetois, Emilie; Céline Zatylny-Gaudin (Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins, 2019)
K4 is a de novo peptide with antibacterial activity on human pathogens. It has a short sequence (14 amino acids), with a cationic N-terminal moiety and an amphipathic ɑ-helix structure. The present paper demonstrates its activity on Vibrio bacteria in a marine environment. It was found non-toxic on marine organisms including Artemia salina, Dicentrarchus labrax, and Magallana gigas at different developmental stages, but influenced the growth of unicellular organisms like microalgae, depending on the algal strain and on K4 concentration. Furthermore, an original approach coupling liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS/MS) allowed us to monitor the degradation time course of the peptide for the first time in conditions close to a hatchery environment, i.e., in the presence of oyster spat. We detected truncated forms over time, and the full K4 was gradually no longer found in these filter-feeder oysters. Finally, using an automated optical density meter, we monitored the growth of several aquatic bacteria identified as pathogenic on animals. K4 had a bactericidal effect on Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio splendidus LGP32 at concentrations below 45 μg mL-1. Our results show that K4 could be an environment-friendly alternative to antibiotics, non-toxic to several marine organisms. The use of K4 would be particularly useful to decrease the bacterial load associated with food intake in the early developmental stages of marine animals reared in hatcheries

Behaviour of endangered European eels in proximity to a dam during downstream migration: Novel insights using high accuracy 3D acoustic telemetry - Thomas Trancart; Alexandre Carpentier; Anthony Acou; Danet, Valentin; Elliott, Sophie; Eric Feunteun (Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 2019)
River infrastructures such as weirs, hydropower stations or water reservoirs represent obstructions to migration for diadromous fish. Knowledge of accurate behaviour of fish in front of such structures is required to protect migrants from hazardous areas, guide them towards safe passage or adapt structure to improve the escapement. We developed and made available a method to process acoustic telemetry data based on Time Difference Of Arrival analysis to accurately locate tagged fish. Improved accuracy allows the detection of escape routes and description of dam-crossing tactics. Sixteen tagged eels were tracked with high accuracy (1–2 m) and 1 location min−1 frequency during their exploration period on reaching the dam. Two migration routes (spillways and bottom compensation flow pipe) were used by 77% and 23% of eels respectively. Spillways were the preferred route, but a median of 16 days were required to pass the dam versus 1.1 days via the compensation pipe. A minimal water crest of 40 cm was required for passage via spillways. Eels passing through the compensation pipe were exclusively nocturnal and mainly explored the bottom of the dam. Eels passing through spillways explored the whole dam area by night and day, and were not attracted to the compensation pipe entrance. With global warming, more frequent drought periods are expected, potentially leading to decreased opportunities for eels to migrate across safer dams by spillways. To conserve this endangered species, dam management strategies that account for expected hydrologic conditions and distinct exploration behaviours are needed.
Keywords: 3D acoustic telemetry; dam; diadromous fish; downstream migration; European eel

Biochemical composition and energy content of size-fractionated zooplankton east of the Kerguelen Islands - Harmelin-Vivien, Mireille; Bӑnaru, Daniela; Charlotte R. Dromard; Ourgaud, Mélanie; Carlotti, François (Polar Biology, 2019)

Can we generate robust species distribution models at the scale of the Southern Ocean? - Fabri-Ruiz, Salomé; Danis, Bruno; David, Bruno; Saucède, Thomas (Diversity and Distributions, 2019)

Caridina malanda, a new species of freshwater shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from the Wet Tropics World Heritage area, north–eastern Queensland, Australia - CHOY, SATISH; PAGE, TIMOTHY J.; de Mazancourt, Valentin; MOS, BENJAMIN (Zootaxa, 2019)
Integrated molecular and morphological studies of newly collected and curated specimens of the genus Caridina from the Atherton Tablelands, Wet Tropics World Heritage Area in north–eastern Queensland, Australia indicated the presence of an undescribed species belonging to the Caridina zebra Short 1993 complex. This species is somewhat intermediate, although distinct on the basis of molecular data and morphology, from two known sympatric species, Caridina zebra and C. confusa Choy & Marshall 1997, and an allopatric species, C. spinula Choy & Marshall 1997, from the Cape York Peninsula, about 500 km north. It is described here as a new species, C. malanda sp. nov., and compared with similar congeners. A key for the identification of the species, as well as notes on its distribution, ecology, and conservation, are provided.

Changes in marine phytoplankton diversity: Assessment under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive - Rombouts, I.; Nathalie Simon; Anais Aubert; T. Cariou; Eric Feunteun; Laurent Guerin; M. Hoebeke; A. McQuatters-Gollop; F. Rigaut-Jalabert; Luis Felipe Artigas (Ecological Indicators, 2019)
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive requires EU Member States to assess the Good Environmental Status (GES) of their marine waters in a coherent and strategic manner. For the regional assessment of biodiversity, the OSPAR Intersessional Coordination Group of Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring (ICG-COBAM) provides substantial advice. Through expert working groups, phytoplankton indicators are currently being developed to measure the state and the change in pelagic diversity, to quantify food web dynamics and to measure the extent of eutrophication impacts. We developed a multi-metric indicator that is compliant with the common OSPAR indicator “Changes in plankton diversity” (PH3). The aim was to describe the structure of the phytoplankton community (alpha diversity) and to detect significant temporal changes (beta diversity) to evaluate the health of pelagic habitats. In this pilot study, we used three coastal time-series in the Western Channel and the north of the Bay of Biscay (North Atlantic, France) to test the efficiency and the performance of several existing diversity indices. We validated two alpha diversity indices, namely the Menhinick Index (D) and the Hulburt Index (δ), based on their complementary ecological information, their strong relationship with habitat characteristics, and their relative ease of interpretation for stakeholders. Temporal shifts or rate of change in community structure were detected by the Local Contributions to Beta Diversity index (LCBD; a beta diversity measure). For the years where significantly high LCBD values were found, the Importance Value Index (IVI) was calculated to potentially identify the taxa (genus) responsible for the “unusual” community structure. For example, at the Ouest Loscolo site in 2008, an elevated LCBD (0.45) coincided with a high dominance value (Hulburt’s Index) caused by the occurrence of a monospecific bloom of Leptocylindrus spp. (IVI = 73%) in July (2.22 × 106 cells L−1) and October (8 × 106 cells L−1). In this way, PH3 informs on different aspects of phytoplankton diversity from a community to a genus level. At the current stage of development, however, PH3 acts as a “surveillance” rather than an operational indicator since the relationship to GES is not directly tracked. In the future, by additional testing of PH3 and extending the geographical scope, the robustness of the assessment could be further determined across the OSPAR Maritime Area.
Keywords: community composition; Good environmental status; Indicators; Marine policy; MSFD; OSPAR; Pelagic habitat; Plankton

Characterization of an evolutionarily conserved calcitonin signalling system in a lophotrochozoan, the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) - Julie Schwartz; Réalis-Doyelle, Emilie; Marie-Pierre Dubos; Lefranc, Benjamin; Leprince, Jérôme; Pascal Favrel (The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2019)

Characterization of an evolutionarily conserved calcitonin signalling system in a lophotrochozoan, the Pacific oyster (). - Julie Schwartz; Réalis-Doyelle, Emilie; Marie-Pierre Dubos; Lefranc, Benjamin; Leprince, Jérôme; Pascal Favrel (J Exp Biol, 2019)
In Protostoma, the diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) signalling system was long considered as the orthologue of the chordate calcitonin (CT) signalling system. Using the Pacific oyster () transcriptomic database GigaTON, we characterized seven G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) named Cragi-CTR1-7 and phylogenetically related to chordate CT receptors (CTRs) and to protostome DH31 receptors. Two CT precursors (Cragi-CTP1 and Cragi-CTP2) containing two CT-type peptides and encoded by two distinct genes with a similar organization were also characterized. These oyster neuropeptides (Cragi-CT1/2) exhibit the two N-terminal paired cysteine residues and, except CTP2-derived peptide (Cragi-CTP2dp), show the C-terminal proline-amide motif typical of deuterostome CT-type peptides. All mature Cragi-CTs except Cragi-CTP2dp were detected in visceral ganglion extracts using mass spectrometry. Cell-based assays revealed that the previously characterized oyster receptors Cg-CT-R and Cragi-CTR2 were specifically activated by Cragi-CT1b and Cragi-CT2, respectively. This activation does not require the co-expression of receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). Thus, oyster CT signalling appears functionally more closely related to vertebrate CT/CTR signalling than to calcitonin gene-related peptide/calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CGRP/CLR) signalling. Gene expression profiles in different adult tissues and in oysters acclimated to brackish water suggest the potential implication of both Cg-CT-R/Cragi-CT1b and Cragi-CTR2/Cragi-CT2 in water and ionic regulations, although with apparently opposite effects. The present study represents the first comprehensive characterization of a functional CT-type signalling system in a protostome and provides evidence for its evolutionarily ancient origin and its early role in osmotic homeostasis.

Coastal waters freshening and extreme seasonality affect organic matter sources, quality, and transfers in a High Arctic fjord (Young Sound, Greenland) - Bridier, Guillaume; Tarik Meziane; Grall, Jacques; Laurent Chauvaud; Sejr, Mikael K.; Menneteau, Sylvain; Frédéric Olivier (Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2019)
Arctic benthic ecosystems are expected to experience strong modifications in the dynamics of primary producers and/or benthic-pelagic coupling under climate change. However, lack of knowledge about the influence of physical constraints (e.g. ice-melting associated gradients) on organic matter sources, quality, and transfers in systems such as fjords can impede predictions of the evolution of benthic-pelagic coupling in response to global warming. Here, sources and quality of particulate organic matter (POM) and sedimentary organic matter (SOM) were characterized along an inner-outer gradient in a High Artic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland) exposed to extreme seasonal and physical constraints (ice-melting associated gradients). The influence of the seasonal variability of food sources on 2 dominant filter-feeding bivalves (Astarte moerchi and Mya truncata) was also investigated. Results revealed the critical impact of long sea ice/snow cover conditions prevailing in Young Sound corresponding to a period of extremely poor and degraded POM and SOM. Freshwater inputs had a very local impact during summer, with relatively more degraded POM at the surface compared to bottom waters that were less nutritionally depleted but more heterogeneous among the sampled stations. Terrestrial inputs contributed to the SOM composition but showed a large variability along the fjord. Finally, diet analyses underlined the contrasted nutritional conditions, showing much higher lipid reserves in A. moerchi than in M. truncata during winter. Under a scenario with increased freshwater input, such results suggest a decline in organic matter quality and production in Young Sound, with subsequent impacts on benthic food webs.

Commercial traceability of Arapaima spp. fisheries in the Amazon basin: can biogeochemical tags be useful? - Santos, Roberto; Hauser, Marilia; Duponchelle, Fabrice; Carvajal, Fernando; Pecheyran, Christophe; Bérail, Sylvain; Marc Pouilly; Pereira, Luciana (2019)

Comparing the efficiency of hypoxia mitigation strategies in an urban, turbid tidal river via a coupled hydro-sedimentary biogeochemical model - Lajaunie-Salla, Katixa; Sottolichio, Aldo; Schmidt, Sabine; Litrico, Xavier; Binet, Guillaume; Gwenaël Abril (Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2019)

The complex study of complexes: The first well-supported phylogeny of two species complexes within genus Caridina (Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) sheds light on evolution, biogeography, and habitat - de Mazancourt, Valentin; Klotz, Werner; Marquet, Gérard; Mos, B; Rogers, C; Philippe Keith (Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2019)
Atyid shrimps, a key component of tropical freshwater ecosystems, face multiple anthropogenic threats and thus need special attention. With more than 300 described species, the genus Caridina is the most speciose of all the Caridea infra-order. Caridina spp. occupy diverse habitats in tropical freshwaters of the Indo-West Pacific region. Several species complexes have been recognized, based on common morphological features, but little is known about how well these morphological characteristics align with phylogenetic characteristics. Furthermore, no phylogeny of the genus Caridina published so far has provided well-resolved and supported relationships among different species, thus impeding the possibility of proposing evolutionary hypotheses. In this study we used next generation sequencing (NGS) to provide new insights into the phylogenetic relationships among the genus Caridina, focusing on two complexes: ‘Caridina nilotica’ and ‘Caridina weberi’. We collected 92 specimens belonging to these two groups from most of their known geographical range, representing 50 species, for which we sequenced seven mitochondrial genes and two nuclear markers using ion torrent NGS. We performed a phylogenetic analysis, which yielded the first well-supported tree for the genus Caridina. On this tree were mapped the geographic ranges and the habitats used by the different species, and a time calibration was tested. We found the driving factors that most likely account for separation of clades are differences in habitat and to a lesser extent geography. This work provides new insights into the taxonomy of this group and identifies opportunities for further studies in order to fill knowledge gaps that currently impede the management and conservation of atyid species. 1. Introduction
Keywords: amphidromy; freshwater shrimp; Indo-Pacific; Mitochondrial genome; Molecular systematics; taxonomy

Contrasting biodiversity of eel larvae across the central Indian Ocean subtropical gyre - Miller, Michael J; Wouthuyzen, Sam; Eric Feunteun; Aoyama, Jun; Watanabe, Shun; Syahailatua, Augy; Kuroki, Mari; Robinet, Tony; Hagihara, Seishi; Otake, Tsuguo; others (Deep Sea Research Part II: Tropical Studies in Oceanography, 2019)
The unique semi-enclosed Indian Ocean basin includes large Mascarene Plateau banks, offshore coral-reef islands, seasonal equatorial current jets, and cross-basin westward South Equatorial Current (SEC) flow, making it interesting for studying long larval-duration eel larvae (leptocephali) and regional eel biodiversity. Three surveys for leptocephali (in 2003, 2006, 2010) included sampling west of the Mascarene Plateau (west), a major survey and other stations off Sumatra and Java (east), and 2 cross-basin transects across the SEC. The highest numbers of leptocephali species were observed along Sumatra (2003: ~143 species; 2006: 72 species) and south of Java (2010: 69), with intermediate numbers being collected in the western Indian Ocean (2006: 71; 2010: 53) compared to low numbers in the hydrographically variable offshore zones (2006, 2010: 3–27). The larger continental shelf areas along Sumatra including the Mentawai Islands provide more coral reef and other habitats for species such as congrid, muraenid, ophichthid, and chlopsid eels compared to the Mascarene Plateau banks. Some larvae in these areas get transported offshore, but the majority of offshore larvae were of Nemichthyidae and Serrivomeridae mesopelagic eels that were spawning across the basin. Habitat differences between the southern Mascarene Plateau and Sumatra and southern Indonesia along the edge of the high biodiversity Coral Triangle likely explain the higher biodiversity of eel larvae observed along the western side of the basin, which for the Congridae and Ophichthidae included more species than observed previously within the central Indonesian Seas. In addition to local spawning, seasonal currents likely transport larger larvae towards Sumatra from the north or west and larvae may enter the basin from the Indonesian Throughflow in the east, but it is unknown if equatorial jets or the SEC can transport larvae across the whole basin.

Correlations between broad‐scale taxonomic and genetic differentiations suggest a dominant imprint of historical processes on beta diversities - Robuchon, Marine; Leroy, Boris; Jézéquel, Céline; Hugueny, Bernard (Journal of Biogeography, 2019)

Correspondence: An appraisal of the effects on human health and the environment of using light-emitting diodes - Martinsons, Christophe; Attia, Dina; Behar-Cohen, Francine; Carré, Samuel; Enouf, Olivier; Jack Falcon; Gronfier, Claude; Hicks, David; Metlaine, Arnaud; Tahkamo, Leena; Torriglia, Alicia; Viénot, Françoise (Lighting Research & Technology, 2019)

Cottus petiti Bǎcescu & Bǎcescu-Meşter, 1964 (Cottidae) - Lefèbvre, Stéphane; Richard, Sylvain; Beaudou, Domninique; Denys, Gaël (Cybium, 2019)

Current and future climatic regions favourable for a globally introduced wild carnivore, the raccoon Procyon lotor - Louppe, Vivien; Leroy, Boris; Herrel, Anthony; Veron, Géraldine (Scientific Reports, 2019)

Data for evolutive analysis of insulin related peptides in bilaterian species - Cherif--Feildel, Maëva; Clothilde Berthelin; Riviere, Guillaume; Favrel, Pascal; Kellner, Kristell (Data in Brief, 2019)

decadal scale dynamics and morphological evolution of mangroves and beaches in a reef-lagoon complex, Mayotte island. - Jeanson, Matthieu; Franck Dolique; Anthony, Edward J. (Journal of Coastal Research, 2019)

Decreased thermal tolerance under recurrent heat stress conditions explains summer mass mortality of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis - Seuront, Laurent; Nicastro, Katy R.; Zardi, Gerardo I.; Goberville, Eric (Scientific Reports, 2019)
Extreme events such as heat waves have increased in frequency and duration over the last decades. Under future climate scenarios, these discrete climatic events are expected to become even more recurrent and severe. Heat waves are particularly important on rocky intertidal shores, one of the most thermally variable and stressful habitats on the planet. Intertidal mussels, such as the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, are ecosystem engineers of global ecological and economic importance, that occasionally suffer mass mortalities. This study investigates the potential causes and consequences of a mass mortality event of M. edulis that occurred along the French coast of the eastern English Channel in summer 2018. We used an integrative, climatological and ecophysiological methodology based on three complementary approaches. We first showed that the observed mass mortality (representing 49 to 59% of the annual commercial value of local recreational and professional fisheries combined) occurred under relatively moderate heat wave conditions. This result indicates that M. edulis body temperature is controlled by non-climatic heat sources instead of climatic heat sources, as previously reported for intertidal gastropods. Using biomimetic loggers (i.e. ’robomussels’), we identified four periods of 5 to 6 consecutive days when M. edulis body temperatures consistently reached more than 30 °C, and occasionally more than 35 °C and even more than 40 °C. We subsequently reproduced these body temperature patterns in the laboratory to infer M. edulis thermal tolerance under conditions of repeated heat stress. We found that thermal tolerance consistently decreased with the number of successive daily exposures. These results are discussed in the context of an era of global change where heat events are expected to increase in intensity and frequency, especially in the eastern English Channel where the low frequency of commercially exploitable mussels already questions both their ecological and commercial sustainability.

Detecting outliers in species distribution data: Some caveats and clarifications on a virtual species study - Meynard, Christine N.; Kaplan, David M.; Leroy, Boris (Journal of Biogeography, 2019)

Detection of Adsorbed Chlordecone on Microplastics in Marine Sediments in Guadeloupe: A Preliminary Study - Sandre, Fidji; Charlotte R. Dromard; Le Menach, Karyn; Bouchon-Navaro, Yolande; Cordonnier, Sébastien; Tapie, Nathalie; Budzinski, Hélène; Bouchon, Claude (Gulf and Caribbean Research, 2019)

Differential Influence of Life Cycle on Growth and Toxin Production of three Pseudo-nitzschia Species (Bacillariophyceae) - Aurore Sauvey; Pascal Claquin; Le Roy, Bertrand; Le Gac, Mickael; Juliette Fauchot (Journal of Phycology, 2019)
We used a multistrain approach to study the intra- and interspecific variability of the growth rates of three Pseudo-nitzschia species – P. australis, P. fraudulenta, and P. pungens – and of their domoic acid (DA) production. We carried out mating and batch experiments to investigate the respective effects of strain age and cell size, and thus the influence of their life cycle on the physiology of these species. The cell size – life cycle relationship was characteristic of each species. The influence of age and cell size on the intraspecific variability of growth rates suggests that these characteristics should be considered cautiously for the strains used in physiological studies on Pseudo-nitzschia species. The results from all three species do not support the hypothesis of a decrease in DA production with time since isolation from natural populations. In P. australis, the cellular DA content was rather a function of cell size. More particularly, cells at the gametangia stage of their life cycle contained up to six times more DA than smaller or larger cells incapable of sexual reproduction. These findings reveal a link between P. australis life cycle and cell toxicity. This suggest that life cycle dynamics in Pseudo-nitzschia natural populations may influence bloom toxicity. © 2019 Phycological Society of America

Differential Influence of Life Cycle on Growth and Toxin Production of three Pseudo‐nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) - Aurore Sauvey; Pascal Claquin; Bertrand Le Roy; Le Gac, Mickael; Juliette Fauchot (Journal of Phycology, 2019)

Distribution and life history trait models indicate vulnerability of skates - Sophie A.M. Elliott; Alexandre Carpentier; Eric Feunteun; Thomas Trancart (Progress in Oceanography, 2019)
Elasmobranchs are k-strategy species with low reproduction rate and slow growth lending to increased anthropogenic vulnerability. Specific management measures to improve the conservation of elasmobranchs can be problematic due to insufficient information on their biology and ecology. Here, three sympatric skates occupying north-eastern Atlantic waters, which have differing conservation status were studied within ICES divisions 4.c, 7.d–e, 7.f–h and 8a–b and d. Fisheries-dependent data on skate bycatch and a series of environmental variables were used to model spatio-temporal differences in habitat use between the three species. Raja undulata, the undulate ray (IUCN red listed as ‘Endangered’) was observed to have a coastal distribution within the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay (ICES division 7.d–e and 8.a–b). Raja clavata, the thornback ray (‘Near threatened’), had a broader distribution with higher presence in the eastern English Channel and the southern North Sea (ICES division 7.e and 4.c). Raja montagui, the spotted ray’s probability of presence (‘Least concerned’) was higher off the coast of southern Ireland (ICES division 7.g). Seasonal and life-history trait differences were also observed. From the fisheries-dependent data, wider skate distributions than previously studied were modelled. Although the species do co-occur, spatio-temporal differences between these species were observed. This study contributes to a greater understanding of skate habitat during their different life history stages, and indicates reasons for R. undulata’s increased vulnerability than R. clavata and R. montagui. Information from the distribution models could be used for specific spatio-temporal management measures. Better understanding of the distribution of species can also help reduce bycatch of protected species such as R. undulata.
Keywords: Distribution modelling; Elasmobranchs; Fisheries management; Habitat; IUCN red list species; Life history traits

Distribution of anguillid leptocephali and possible spawning areas in the South Pacific Ocean - Mari Kuroki; Michael J. Miller; Eric Feunteun; Pierre Sasal; Timothy Pikering; Yu-San Han; Elisabeth Faliex; Anthony Acou; Aurélie Dessier; Robert Schabetsberger; Shun Watanabe; Tatsuya Kawakami; et al. (Progress in Oceanography, 2019)
Seven South Pacific anguillid eel species live from New Guinea to French Polynesia, but their spawning areas and life histories are mostly unknown despite previous sampling surveys. A July–October 2016 research cruise was conducted to study the spawning areas and times, and larval distributions of South Pacific anguillid eels, which included a short 155°E station-line northeast of New Guinea and five long transects (5–25°S, 160°E–140°W) crossing the South Equatorial (SEC) and other currents. This survey collected nearly 4000 anguilliform leptocephali at 179 stations using an Isaacs-Kidd Midwater Trawl accompanied by 104 CTD casts. Based on morphometric observations and DNA sequencing, 74 anguillid leptocephali were collected, which in the southern areas included 29 larvae of six species: Anguilla bicolor pacifica, A. marmorata, A. australis, A. reinhardtii, A. megastoma,and A. obscura (all anguillid species of the region were caught except A. dieffenbachii). Small A. australis (9.0–16.8 mm) and A. reinhardtii (12.4, 12.5 mm) leptocephali were collected south of the Solomon Islands, other A. australis (10.8–12.0 mm) larvae were caught northwest of Fiji along with an A. obscura (20.0 mm) larva, and an A. marmorata (7.8 mm) larva was collected near Samoa. Considering collection sites, larval ages from otolith analysis, and westward SEC drift, multiple spawning locations occurred from south of the Solomon Islands and the Fiji area (16–20 days old larvae) to near Samoa (19 days old larva) during June and July in areas where high-salinity Subtropical Underwater (STUW, 150 m depth) and the warm, low-salinity surface Fresh Pool were present. Five long hydrographic sections showed the strong Fresh Pool in the west and the STUW formation area in the east.
Keywords: Early life history; Freshwater eels; Migration; otolith; South Pacific; Spawning

Dmrt1 (doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor 1) expression during gonadal development and spermatogenesis in the Japanese eel. - Jeng, Shan-Ru; Wu, Guan-Chung; Wen-Shiun Yueh; Kuo, S-F; Sylvie Dufour; Chang, Ching-Fong (General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2019)

Does Addition of Perch Larvae as Prey Affect the Growth, Development and Cannibalism Rate of Pikeperch Larvae? - Cortay, A; Tatiana Colchen; Fontaine, P; Pasquet, A (Fishes, 2019)
Cannibalism occurs in many cultured fish species, especially at the larval and juvenile stages of piscivorous taxa. In farmed percid species, such as pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), intra-cohort cannibalism is a major issue inducing significant losses of the initial stocking density during the first weeks of rearing. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of perch larvae (Perca fluviatilis) as live prey on growth, survival and cannibalism in pikeperch larvae under experimental conditions. Additionally, zootechnical and behavioural variables linked to aggressiveness (S postures, attacks, bites and ingestion), and group structures were considered. The survival rate was not different between the two groups (72% with prey vs. 69% without prey), but the cannibalism rate was higher in the group with the prey (28% vs. 10%). The means of final weight and length of pikeperch larvae were higher in the group fed with perch larvae, but size heterogeneity measured by the coefficients of variation for these two parameters did not differ. The specific growth rate was higher in the group fed with perch larvae, but there was no difference between the two groups concerning Fulton’s condition factor. Among all the behavioural variables (aggressiveness, group structure), none differed between the two groups.
Keywords: aggressiveness; Cannibalism; forage prey; Growth; Sander lucioperca; size heterogeneity

Does Loire grayling represent a distinct species ? - Persat, Henri; Denys, Gaël; Froufe, Elsa; Secci-Petretto, Giulia; Weiss, Steven Weiss (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Does your lip stick? Evolutionary aspects of the mouth morphology of the Indo-Pacific clinging goby of the Sicyopterus genus (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Sicydiinae) based on mitogenome phylogeny. - Clara Lord; Laure Bellec; Dettai, Agnès; Bonillo, Céline; Philippe Keith (Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 2019)
Sicydiinae gobies have an amphidromous life cycle. Adults grow, feed, and reproduce in rivers, while larvae have a marine dispersal phase. Larvae recruit back to rivers and settle in upstream habitats. Within the Sicydiinae subfamily, the Sicyopterus genus, one of the most diverse (24 species), is distributed in the tropical islands of the Indo‐Pacific. One of the characters used to determine Sicyopterus species is the upper lip morphology, which can be either smooth, crenulated, or with papillae, and with (2 or 3) or without clefts. The mouth is used as a secondary locomotor organ along with the pelvic sucker. It is thus strongly related to the climbing ability of species and is of major importance for the upstream migration and the colonization of insular freshwater systems. The mouth also has an important role in the feeding mechanism of these herbivorous species. In this paper, we have established a molecular phylogeny of the genus based on the 13 mitochondrial protein‐coding genes to discuss the relationship between 18 Sicyopterus species. There is a well‐supported dichotomy in the molecular phylogeny of the Sicyopterus genus and this separation into two clades is also morphologically visible, with the distinction of species with three clefts and species with 0 or 2 clefts on the upper lip. The mouth morphology can thus be separated with regard to the molecular phylogeny obtained. The evolution of the mouth morphology is discussed in terms of the adaptation of the Sicyopterus genus to settlement and life in tropical insular river systems.
Keywords: mitogenome; mouth morphology; Phylogeny; Sicydiinae; Sicyopterus

Ecological network analysis metrics: The need for an entire ecosystem approach in management and policy - Fath, B.D.; H Asmus; R. Asmus; Baird, D.; Borrett, S.R.; de Jonge, V.N.; Ludovisi, A.; Nathalie Niquil; Scharler, U.M.; Schückel, U.; Wolff, M. (Ocean and Coastal Management, 2019)
In this paper, we identified seven ecological network analysis (ENA) metrics that, in our opinion, have high potential to provide useful and practical information for environmental decision-makers and stakeholders. Measurement and quantification of the network indicators requires that an ecosystem level assessment is implemented. The ENA metrics convey the status of the ecological system state variables, and mostly, the flows and relations between the various nodes of the network. The seven metrics are: 1) Average Path Length (APL), 2) Finn Cycling Index (FCI), 3) Mean Trophic level (MTL), 4) Detritivory to Herbivory ratio (D:H), 5) Keystoneness, 6) Structural Information (SI), and 7) Flow-based Information indices. The procedure for calculating each metric is detailed along with a short evaluation of their potential assessment of environmental status. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: coastal zone; Cycling; Decision making; ecological approach; Ecological network analysis; ecosystem approach; ecosystem management; Ecosystems; environmental policy; food web; Food webs; Marine and coastal environments; Marine environment; network analysis; policy implementation; stakeholder; Trophic length

Ecoregionalisation and conservation of benthic communities in the French exclusive economic zone of Kerguelen - Martin, Alexis (Second Kerguelen Plateau Symposium: marine ecosystem and fisheries, 2019)
The deep-sea benthic ecosystems of the French Kerguelen exclusive economic zone remain poorly understood. To address benthic conservation issues, the authors recently contributed expert knowledge to guide the recent extension of the Marine Reserve of the ‘Terres australes françaises’. In this new study, we propose a benthic ecoregionalisation of the northern Kerguelen Plateau based on a measurable and repeatable methodology that relies on the generalised dissimilarity modelling technique. Data of macro-epibenthic invertebrate species from the POKER 2 (2010) fish stock assessment survey have been used to compute the models. Our results allow us (i) to characterise and map benthic landscape units based on assemblages of marine invertebrates pooled by taxa and life-history traits, (ii) to highlight the environmental drivers of the spatial distribution of benthic assemblages, (iii) to assess the relevance of the CCAMLR’s vulnerable marine ecosystems bioindicator taxa, and (iv) to assess the effectiveness of ‘strictly protected areas’ of the new Marine Reserve for the conservation of deep-sea benthic ecosystems.
Keywords: benthic ecosystems; benthos; deep-sea; ecoregionalisation; kerguelen; poker

Environmental fate of chlordecone in coastal habitats: recent studies conducted in Guadeloupe and Martinique (Lesser Antilles) - Charlotte R. Dromard; Devault, Damien A.; Bouchon-Navaro, Yolande; Allénou, Jean-Pierre; Budzinski, Hélène; Cordonnier, Sébastien; Tapie, Nathalie; Reynal, Lionel; Lemoine, Soazig; Thomé, Jean-Pierre; Thouard, Emmanuel; Monti, Dominique; et al. (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019)

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in France: An example of close cooperation among researchers and fishers to study and manage an endangered species - Prouzet, P.; Amilhat, E.; Boisneau, C.; Boisneau, P.; Eric Feunteun; Michelet, N. (Oceanography Challenges to Future Earth: Human and Natural Impacts on our Seas, 2019)

Evolutionary aspects of cephalic sensory papillae of the Indo‐ Pacific species of Eleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) - Marion Mennesson; Maeda, Ken; Philippe Keith (Zoologica Scripta, 2019)
Eleotris species (Teleostei: Eleotridae) are one of the most common fish in Indo‐Pacific estuaries and insular freshwater streams. In these rivers, they are a sit‐andwaitpredator. They have an amphidromous life cycle,  that is adults grow, feed and reproduce in rivers, while larvae have a marine dispersal phase. Larvae recruit back to rivers and settle in stream habitats. Primary characters used to determine  Eleotris species are the presence and the disposition of cephalic sensory papillae rows on the operculum and under the eyes as well as scale row numbers. The morphology of these cephalic sensory papillae is of particular importance in this predatory genus as it is generally correlated in fish to predation and feeding. In this paper, we have established a molecular phylogeny of the genus based on the 12 mitochondrial protein‐ coding genes to discuss the relationship between Indo‐Pacific  Eleotris species. There is a well‐supported dichotomy in the molecular phylogeny, and this separation into two main clades is also morphologically visible, as it reveals a difference in the arrangement of cephalic sensory papillae. Indeed, the phylogeny distinguishes the species with the “open” pattern of the operculum sensory papillae and the species with the “closed” one. This phylogeny thus reflects the morphology of the opercular papillae. The evolution of this character is discussed in terms of the adaptation of the Eleotris genus to life in tropical insular river systems.

Examples of Understory Plant Communities Observed in Post‐Agricultural Recent Woodlands and Uninterrupted Ancient Forests - Morel, Loïs; Barbe, Lou; Jung, Vincent; Clément, Bernard; Schnitzler, Annik; Frédéric Ysnel (Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 2019)

Exploration during early life: distribution, habitat and orientation preferences in juvenile king penguins - Orgeret, F.; Clara Péron; Enstipp, M. R.; Delord, K.; Weimerskirch, H.; Bost, C. A. (Movement Ecology, 2019)
Background The early life of marine apex predators is poorly known, particularly for diving species. The orientation and foraging skills are presumably less developed in juveniles than in adults, especially during their first year at sea when juveniles might disperse further than adults. Methods Over two years of monitoring, we tracked the movements of 17 juvenile king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus, ~ 1 year old) using satellite relay tags from Crozet Archipelago (Southern Indian Ocean), starting when birds left their natal colony for the first time. For comparison we also tagged 6 non-breeding adults, which at that stage, similar to juveniles, are unhampered by reproductive constraints and might roam further than breeders. We used a combination of cluster analysis and habitat modelling to investigate and compare the movement patterns and habitat use of experienced (non-breeding adults) and non-experienced (juveniles) individuals. Results While juvenile penguins and non-breeding adults followed similar routes, the movements by adults started later in the season and ranged over a considerably smaller area than juveniles. Net squared displacement analysis revealed that both groups did not move to a specific wintering area. Changes in direction of juveniles in respect to their departure island were similar and synchronous for both years. Habitat models revealed that foraging behaviour was affected by environmental variables such as wind or current speeds, sea surface temperature, or oceanic productivity, for both stages. Analysis of tracks revealed that birds moved predominately perpendicular or against the main direction of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the prevailing wind during austral summer (juveniles only) and autumn (juveniles and non-breeding adults). However, both juveniles and adults were more likely to move against the prevailing winds if productivity increased along their trajectories. Conclusions The exceptional duration of our tracking study provided unprecedented insights into the distribution, habitat preferences and orientation of two poorly known life history stages of an expert avian diver. Our study suggests that juveniles might use both innate and learnt skills to reach profitable foraging areas during their first year at sea, which is critical in long-lived species.

Fatty acids, C and N dynamics and stable isotope ratios during experimental degradation of shrimp pond effluents in mangrove water - Vivier, Baptiste; Frank David; Cyril Marchand; Thanh-Nho, Nguyen; Tarik Meziane (Marine Environmental Research, 2019)

Final report of the Madibenthos expedition 2016 - Bouchet, Philippe; Guillaume Dirberg; Laure Corbari; Leblond, Alice (2019)
La grande expédition Madibenthos, menée par le Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, fait partie du programme d’acquisition de connaissances sur le milieu marin de la Martinique (ACQUIMART), piloté par l’Agence des aires marines protégées, la Direction de l’Environnement de l’Aménagement et du Logement, l’Office De l’Eau, la Direction de la Mer et la Collectivité Territoriale de Martinique. La connaissance du milieu naturel est le préalable à l’identification des enjeux de gestion et de protection de celui-ci. L’inventaire a pour but d’enrichir les connaissances en matière de biodiversité et de découvrir des espèces inconnues. Il illustre la convergence des savoirs et des savoir-faire du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle et des besoins de protection et de valorisation du patrimoine naturel martiniquais. L’ambition est de redonner leur place à toutes les composantes de la biodiversité et permettre aux politiques de conservation de s’asseoir sur des fondements plus solides et plus larges que les groupes taxonomiques traditionnellement étudiés (poissons, coraux…). Les groupes taxonomiques principalement ciblés sont les éponges, les mollusques, les crustacés, les échinodermes, les ascidies et les algues, constituant le benthos. Sur le terrain, l’expédition s’est déroulée du 1er septembre au 13 octobre 2016. Les opérations de collecte ont débuté le 5 septembre et se sont terminées le 10 octobre. Une soixantaine de personnes ont participé à l’expédition : chercheurs, étudiants, amateurs de haut niveau ou soutien technique. Tous les types d’habitats ont été échantillonnés (mangroves, fonds meubles, herbiers de phanérogames, algueraies, communautés coralliennes bioconstructrices et non bioconstructrices …), et ce sur les deux côtes caraïbe et atlantique, très différentes. La côte caraïbe est connue pour ses communautés coralliennes riches mais dépourvues de constructions récifales à l’exception de sa partie méridionale. Battue par la houle, la côte atlantique, ou côte « au vent », abrite quant à elle des récifs barrières ou frangeants algo-coralliens, très peu connus du fait de leur accès plus difficile. Les prospections se sont principalement concentrées dans la tranche de 0 à 40 mètres de profondeur. Différentes méthodes d’exploration ont été déployées : la pêche à pied, des plongées couplées à des méthodes de prélèvement innovantes (paniers de brossage, aspirateur sous-marin), et le déploiement de petits engins de pêche (drague, nasses) pouvant aller jusqu’à 100 mètres. L’objectif des ces opérations était de récolter puis de rapatrier les échantillons au laboratoire, où la chaîne de tri traite les spécimens vivants. Les organismes ont été triés par grands groupes zoologiques en fonction de leur taille puis photographiés vivants, les couleurs étant une aide essentielle à l’identification. Suite à cette mission de terrain, le Muséum a impliqué son vaste réseau international de spécialistes pour l’identification des spécimens. L’inventaire a permis de constituer des collections de référence de « nouvelle génération », incluant des collections de tissus et d’ADN, banques de photos des animaux vivants et vouchers de tissus séquencés. Les données bancarisées à mesure de l’avancement des identifications sur les bases de données nationales et internationales de biodiversité (INPN, OBIS, GBIF). Les données issues de l’expédition ont permis et permettront ainsi d’identifier les espèces marines présentes en Martinique, de localiser les secteurs à forte diversité, d’identifier et de localiser les espèces rares ou encore de décrire les communautés vivantes. L’expédition Madibenthos a également été une très belle occasion de communication et de sensibilisation autour de la biodiversité marine de la Martinique. Pendant l’expédition, près d’un millier d’élèves ont été sensibilisés directement au travers des actions pédagogiques. L’expédition a bénéficié 9 d’une bonne couverture médiatique. Un blog a également été tenu à jour, à la fois outils de communication et outil pédagogique. Il reste accessible à l’adresse : http://madibenthos.mnhn.fr/ A ce jour, tout le matériel collecté dans le cadre de Madibenthos n’est pas encore passé dans les mains de spécialistes. Ce rapport rend compte de l’avancement du traitement des différents groupes taxonmiques. Sur la base des groupes pour lesquels le travail d’identification est terminée, des premières analyses exploiratoires ont pu être menées et sont présentées dans ce rapport. Ce travail de valorisation des données de Madibenthos à destination des gestionnaires va se poursuivre à mesure que le travail des taxonomistes enrichit la base de données, et être approfondi. Un projet en ce sens est en cours de conventionnement.

Fine scale geographic residence and annual primary production drive body condition of wild immature green turtles ( Chelonia mydas ) in Martinique Island (Lesser Antilles) - Bonola, Marc; Girondot, Marc; Robin, Jean-Patrice; Martin, Jordan; Siegwalt, Flora; Jeantet, Lorène; Lelong, Pierre; Grand, Clément; Chambault, Philippine; Etienne, Denis; Gresser, Julie; Hielard, Gaëlle; et al. (Biology Open, 2019)

First record of Phoxinus csikii Hankó, 1922 (Actinopterygii, Cypriniformes) in France - Denys, Gaël; Manné, Sébastien (Cybium, 2019)
Une identification moléculaire par barcoding (marqueur du COI, 651 pb) a été réalisée sur un vairon capturé dans le Rupt de Mad à Essey-et-Maizerais (bassin du Rhin/Moselle). Ainsi, ce spécimen appartient à l’espèce récemment revalidée Phoxinus csikii Hankó, 1922. Il s’agit ainsi du premier signalement de cette espèce en France, et de la quatrième espèce de vairon connue dans ce pays.

The first winter influences lifetime wintering decisions in a partially migrant bird - Chambon, Rémi; Gélinaud, Guillaume; Paillisson, Jean-Marc; Lemesle, Jean-Christophe; Frédéric Ysnel; Dugravot, Sébastien (Animal Behaviour, 2019)

Fish skeletal tissues - François J Meunier (Fish histology (Kirschbaum F & Formicki K), 2019)

Fishery discards do not compensate natural prey shortage in Northern gannets from the English Channel - Le Bot, Tangi; Lescroël, Amélie; Fort, Jérôme; Clara Péron; Gimenez, Olivier; Provost, Pascal; Grémillet, David (Biological Conservation, 2019)

Freshwater fishing among Lapita people: The Sleepers (Teleostei: Eleotridae) of Teouma, Vanuatu - Bouffandeau, Laurie; Bearez, Philippe; Philippe Keith; Bedford, Stuart; Spriggs, Matthew (Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2019)
The study of the ichthyofaunal corpus yielded by the archaeological site of Teouma, Efate Island, Vanuatu, has revealed the unexpected presence of a significant number of bones of Eleotridae (Sleepers) on the site, as early as 2920–2870 cal. B.P. Out of the 8560 identified fish remains associated with the Lapita layers, which document the period of initial settlement of the archipelago, 1368 have been determined as belonging to eleotrids, including species of the genera Giuris, Ophiocara and Eleotris. They represent 16% of the corpus and occupy second place among the dominant families in an assemblage composed otherwise of a wide-range of marine coastal and reef-associated taxa. Even though the Lapita economy is characterised by an intensive and broad-spectrum exploitation of all terrestrial and marine resources available and readily procurable, the eleotrids of Teouma are the first clear evidence thus far of the exploitation of freshwater environments by Lapita communities anywhere in their range. A river and a swamp are present in the vicinity of the site, and hooks and lines and/or multipronged spears could have been used. Passive gear such as weirs, fish-traps or nets might have been applied as well, enabling the capture of sleepers in larger quantities. The results presented here offer an original insight of an unknown facet of Lapita subsistence strategies and aim to highlight the antiquity of freshwater fishing at a regional scale.
Keywords: Ichthyoarchaeology; Melanesia; Pacific Islands; River fishing; Subsistence strategies

Freshwater fishing among Lapita people: The Sleepers (Teleostei: Eleotridae) of Teouma, Vanuatu - Bouffandeau, Laurie; Bearez, Philippe; Philippe Keith; Bedford, Stuart; Spriggs, Matthew (Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2019)
The study of the ichthyofaunal corpus yielded by the archaeological site of Teouma, Efate Island, Vanuatu, has revealed the unexpected presence of a significant number of bones of Eleotridae (Sleepers) on the site, as early as 2920–2870 cal. B.P. Out of the 8560 identified fish remains associated with the Lapita layers, which document the period of initial settlement of the archipelago, 1368 have been determined as belonging to eleotrids, including species of the genera Giuris, Ophiocara and Eleotris. They represent 16% of the corpus and occupy second place among the dominant families in an assemblage composed otherwise of a wide-range of marine coastal and reef-associated taxa. Even though the Lapita economy is characterised by an intensive and broad-spectrum exploitation of all terrestrial and marine resources available and readily procurable, the eleotrids of Teouma are the first clear evidence thus far of the exploitation of freshwater environments by Lapita communities anywhere in their range. A river and a swamp are present in the vicinity of the site, and hooks and lines and/or multi-pronged spears could have been used. Passive gear such as weirs, fish-traps or nets might have been applied as well, enabling the capture of sleepers in larger quantities. The results presented here offer an original insight of an unknown facet of Lapita subsistence strategies and aim to highlight the antiquity of freshwater fishing at a regional scale.
Keywords: Ichthyoarchaeology; Melanesia; Pacific Islands; River fishing; Subsistence strategies

Functional divergence of thyrotropin beta-subunit paralogs gives new insights into salmon smoltification metamorphosis - Fleming, Mitchell S; Maugars, Gersende; Lafont, Anne-Gaelle; Rancon, Jocelyn; Fontaine, Romain; Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, Rasoul; Weltzien, Finn-Arne; Santidrian Yebra-Pimentel, Elena; Dirks, Ron; McCormick, Stephen D; Rousseau, Karine; Martin, Patrick; et al. (Scientific Reports, 2019)

Functional traits unravel temporal changes in fish biomass production on artificial reefs - Cresson, Pierre; Le Direach, Laurence; Rouanet, Elodie; Goberville, Eric; Astruch, Patrick; Ourgaud, Mélanie; Mireille Harmelin-Vivien (Marine Environmental Research, 2019)
Artificial reefs (ARs) are deployed worldwide as they are expected to support fisheries management. While the underlying mechanisms remain widely debated, production was recently determined as the most probable cause of increases in fish biomass. Changes in fish biomass in a temperate AR system were investigated from December 2008 to November 2015 by considering seven distinct functional groups, and isotopic functional indices were used to identify how these changes may have affected organic matter (OM) fluxes. Contrasting patterns of change were observed between functional trophic groups, highlighting that combining the biomass of all species present in a community is inappropriate for assessing AR-induced effects. Benthic sedentary species predominated (>75% of the total biomass) through massive production, with a 68-fold increase in mean biomass over the study period. Mobile species tended to vary seasonally, suggesting only a slight influence of AR. Zooplanktivores biomass decreased over the 6-year period, as a possible result of changes in environmental conditions. Isotopic indices helped to reveal both the community maturation and the importance of local OM sources not only in supporting fish biomass production but also in attracting pelagic species. Our results corroborate that production and attraction are two extremes of a range of contrasting patterns and highlight the importance of considering the specific responses of functional components of fish communities to accurately describe changes in AR functioning. Functional attributes such as trophic traits, habitat use and dispersal abilities must not be overlooked as they modulate fish species responses to the deployment of man-made rocky substrates.
Keywords: Artificial reefs; Fish biomass production; Isotopic functional indices; Mediterranean sea

The Genomic Substrate for Adaptive Radiation: Copy Number Variation across 12 Tribes of African Cichlid Species - Faber-Hammond, Joshua J; Bezault, Etienne; Lunt, David H; Joyce, Domino A; Renn, Suzy C P (Genome Biology and Evolution, 2019)
The initial sequencing of five cichlid genomes revealed an accumulation of genetic variation, including extensive copy number variation in cichlid lineages particularly those that have undergone dramatic evolutionary radiation. Gene duplication has the potential to generate substantial molecular substrate for the origin of evolutionary novelty. We use array-based comparative heterologous genomic hybridization to identify copy number variation events (CNVEs) for 168 samples representing 53 cichlid species including the 5 species for which full genome sequence is available. We identify an average of 50-100 CNVEs per individual. For those species represented by multiple samples, we identify 150-200 total CNVEs suggesting a substantial amount of intraspecific variation. For these species, only ∼10% of the detected CNVEs are fixed. Hierarchical clustering of species according to CNVE data recapitulates phylogenetic relationships fairly well at both the tribe and radiation level. Although CNVEs are detected on all linkage groups, they tend to cluster in "hotspots" and are likely to contain and be flanked by transposable elements. Furthermore, we show that CNVEs impact functional categories of genes with potential roles in adaptive phenotypes that could reasonably promote divergence and speciation in the cichlid clade. These data contribute to a more complete understanding of the molecular basis for adaptive natural selection, speciation, and evolutionary radiation.
Keywords: adaptive radiation; cichlid; copy number variation; gene duplication; genomic architecture

Global biogeographical regions of freshwater fish species - Leroy, Boris; Dias, Murilo S.; Giraud, Emilien; Hugueny, Bernard; Jézéquel, Céline; Leprieur, Fabien; Oberdorff, Thierry; Pablo Tedesco (Journal of Biogeography, 2019)

Global Changes Jeopardize the Trophic Carrying Capacity and Functioning of Estuarine Ecosystems - Chevillot, X.; Tecchio, S.; Chaalali, A.; Lassalle, G.; Selleslagh, J.; Castelnaud, G.; David, V.; Guy Bachelet; Nathalie Niquil; Benoit Sautour; Lobry, J. (Ecosystems, 2019)
At the interface between terrestrial and marine biomes, estuaries display high ecological productivity and provide goods and services to humans. Associated with many ecological functions, they are nursery, refuge, and growing areas for many species fish. These ecological functions and services depend on both their ecological production and trophic carrying capacity and the durability of food web functioning. These transitional key habitats undergo both strong anthropogenic pressures and climatic influences that impact the structure and dynamics of estuarine biodiversity. In this context, we explore, here, three decades of the Gironde estuary ecosystem history to detect the food web’s response to global changes-induced effect on biodiversity. At least two Ecological Abrupt Shifts associated with deep modifications in the biodiversity at most trophic levels have been documented for this particular ecosystem. Three food web models were thus calibrated, one for each of the three periods discriminated by the two shifts that occurred at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 2000s. Results highlighted that the ecotrophic efficiency estimate for subtidal macrofauna and shrimps reached the maximum possible values during the last period. This could mean that the Gironde estuary fully reached its trophic carrying capacity due to a food limitation especially for benthos demersal fish. We also observed a significant decrease in some food web indicators (such as Average Mutual Information, System Omnivory Index, and Average Path Length) usually associated with ecosystem stress, suggesting a significant impact of global change on the Gironde estuary ecosystem health and questioning the sustainability of the ecological functions associated with this ecosystem. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Keywords: benthos; carrying capacity; demersal fish; ecosystem function; ecosystem health; food limitation; food web; France; Gironde Estuary; Global change; network analysis; trophic environment

The global geography of fish diadromy modes - Chalant, Anaïs; Jézéquel, Céline; Philippe Keith; Bernard Hugueny (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2019)
Aim: Geographical gradients in resource production are likely to translate into macroecological patterns in the biodiversity of migratory organisms, but few studies have addressed this question at a global scale. Here, we tested a hypothesis based on uncoupled latitudinal gradients in marine and freshwater primary productivities aimed at explaining where (e.g., at which latitude) and at which stage of the life cycle (larvae, amphidromy; juvenile, catadromy; or adult, anadromy) migration from ocean to freshwater occurs (diadromy). Location: Global. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Fishes. Methods: We modelled, using multinomial regressions, the proportion of catadromous, anadromous and amphidromous species in 994 river basins as a function of freshwater and marine net primary productivities (NPP; in milligrams of carbon per square metre per day) and additional biotic and abiotic variables. Using data extracted from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database, we tested whether diadromous, catadromous and amphidromous species differed with respect to the NPP of their marine and freshwater occurrences. Results: Among diadromous species, anadromous species are present in higher proportions when conditions for growth are more favourable in the sea (higher productivity, higher temperature and lower number of competitors) than in freshwaters. The model reconstructs the latitudinal pattern observed in the proportion of anadromous species, including an asymmetry between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. According to GBIF occurrences, the ratio of marine over freshwater productivity is higher for anadromous species compared with catadromous and amphidromous species. Main conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis stating that migration between ocean and freshwater occurs by choosing the biome that optimizes pre‐reproductive growth and is one more example of the importance of primary productivity in shaping large‐scale community patterns. This result suggests that some diadromous fish populations and species may suffer from anticipated climate change if interbiome productivity gradients are affected.
Keywords: amphidromy; anadromy; Biogeography; catadromy; dispersal; GBIF database; Last Glacial Maximum; latitudinal gradient; Migration; Species richness

High genetic diversity and lack of pronounced population structure in five species of sympatric Pacific eels - Gubili, Chrysoula; Robert Schabetsberger; Poellabauer, Christine; Bates, Becky; Wagstaff, Rosa M.; Woodward, Lewis M.; Sichrowsky, Ursula; Scheck, Alexander; Boseto, David T.; Eric Feunteun; Anthony Acou; Jehle, Robert (Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2019)
Understanding the population structure of tropical anguillids residing in the Pacific is vital for their conservation management. Here, the population genetic structure of five sympatric freshwater eels (Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, A. megastoma Kaup, A. obscura Steindachner, A. reinhardtii Günther and A. australis Richardson) across 11 western South Pacific (WSP) islands was investigated based on partial nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA control region and the nuclear GTH2b genes of 288 newly collected samples jointly with existing sequences. WSP anguillids are characterised by overall high levels of genetic diversity. Both mtDNA and nuclear sequences provided no evidence for distinct geographic clines or barriers in any of the species across the WSP. The occurrence of admixed individuals between A. marmorata and A. megastoma was confirmed, and a new possible occurrence of a further species was revealed (A. interioris Whitley on Bougainville Island). All species showed evidence for demographic population growth in the Pleistocene, and a subsequent population reduction for A. megastoma. Common spawning grounds and mixing of larvae by ocean currents could promote the lack of pronounced isolation by distance, a finding that has significant implications for the future management of anguillids in the area.
Keywords: genetic homogeneity; hybridisation; recruitment; Spawning; Sympatry; tropical eels

High rates of apoptosis visualized in the symbiont-bearing gills of deep-sea Bathymodiolus mussels - Piquet, Bérénice; Bruce Shillito; Lallier, François H.; Duperron, Sébastien; Andersen, Ann C. (PLOS ONE, 2019)

Histological data on bone and teeth in two dragonfìshes (Stomiidae; Stomiiformes): Borostomiaspanamensis Regan & Trewavas, 1929 and Stomias boa Reinhardt 1842 - Germain, D; Schnell, NK; François J Meunier (Cybium, 2019)

Histological study of the cutaneous bony scutes in the John dory, Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758 (Teleostei: Zeiformes: Zeidae) - François J Meunier; Bearez, Philippe (Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 2019)

Histone Methylation Participates in Gene Expression Control during the Early Development of the Pacific Oyster . - Alexandre Fellous; Lefranc, Lorane; Jouaux, Aude; Goux, Didier; Pascal Favrel; Riviere, Guillaume (Genes (Basel), 2019)
Histone methylation patterns are important epigenetic regulators of mammalian development, notably through stem cell identity maintenance by chromatin remodeling and transcriptional control of pluripotency genes. But, the implications of histone marks are poorly understood in distant groups outside vertebrates and ecdysozoan models. However, the development of the Pacific oyster is under the strong epigenetic influence of DNA methylation, and histone-demethylase orthologues are highly expressed during . early life. This suggests a physiological relevance of histone methylation regulation in oyster development, raising the question of functional conservation of this epigenetic pathway in lophotrochozoan. Quantification of histone methylation using fluorescent ELISAs during oyster early life indicated significant variations in monomethyl histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me), an overall decrease in H3K9 mono- and tri-methylations, and in H3K36 methylations, respectively, whereas no significant modification could be detected in H3K27 methylation. Early in vivo treatment with the JmjC-specific inhibitor Methylstat induced hypermethylation of all the examined histone H3 lysines and developmental alterations as revealed by scanning electronic microscopy. Using microarrays, we identified 376 genes that were differentially expressed under methylstat treatment, which expression patterns could discriminate between samples as indicated by principal component analysis. Furthermore, Gene Ontology revealed that these genes were related to processes potentially important for embryonic stages such as binding, cell differentiation and development. These results suggest an important physiological significance of histone methylation in the oyster embryonic and larval life, providing, to our knowledge, the first insights into epigenetic regulation by histone methylation in lophotrochozoan development.

Histone Methylation Participates in Gene Expression Control during the Early Development of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas - Fellous, Alexandre; Le Franc, Lorane; Jouaux, Aude; Goux, Didier; Pascal Favrel; Guillaume Rivière (Genes, 2019)

Ideas and perspectives: Carbon leaks from flooded land: do we need to replumb the inland water active pipe? - Gwenaël Abril; Alberto V. Borges (Biogeosciences, 2019)

Impacts des activités anthropiques sur les écosystèmes littoraux et marins : les mangroves du Parc National des Trois Baies étudiées à partir d’images LANDSAT - Joseph, C.; Franck Dolique; Saffache, P. (Les Cahiers d'Outre-Mer, 2019)

Importance of the vegetation-groundwater-stream continuum to understand transformation of biogenic carbon in aquatic systems – A case study based on a pine-maize comparison in a lowland sandy watershed (Landes de Gascogne, SW France) - Loris Deirmendjian; Pierre Anschutz; Christian Morel; Alain Mollier; Laurent Augusto; Denis Loustau; Luiz Carlos Cotovicz; Damien Buquet; Katixa Lajaunie; Gwenaëlle Chaillou; Baptiste Voltz; Céline Charbonnier; et al. (Science of The Total Environment, 2019)

Important readjustments in the biomass and distribution of groundfish species in the northern part of the Kerguelen Plateau and Skiff Bank. - Guy Duhamel; Clara Péron; Sinègre, Romain; Charlotte Chazeau; Nicolas Gasco; Mélyne Hautecoeur; Martin, Alexis; Durand, Isabelle; Causse, Romain (The Kerguelen Plateau: marine ecosystem and fisheries, 2019)

In vitro simulation of oscillatory redox conditions in intertidal sediments: N, Mn, Fe, and P coupling - Pierre Anschutz; Bouchet, Sylvain; Gwenaël Abril; Bridou, Romain; Tessier, Emmanuel; Amouroux, David (Continental Shelf Research, 2019)

Inter- and Intra-Specific Transcriptional and Phenotypic Responses of Pseudo-nitzschia under Different Nutrient Conditions - Lema, Kimberley A.; Metegnier, G.; Quéré, J.; Latimier, Marie; Agnès Youenou; Lambert, Christophe; Juliette Fauchot; Le Gac, Mickael; Costantini, M. (Genome Biology and Evolution, 2019)
Untangling thefunctionalbasis of divergencebetweenclosely relatedspecies is a steptowardunderstanding speciesdynamicswithin communities at both the evolutionary and ecological scales. We investigated cellular (i.e., growth, domoic acid production, and nutrient consumption) and molecular (transcriptomic analyses) responses to varying nutrient concentrations across several strains belonging to three species of the toxic diatomgenus Pseudo-nitzschia. Threemain resultswere obtained. First, strains fromthe same species displayed similar transcriptomic, but not necessarily cellular, responses to the experimental conditions. It showed the importance of considering intraspecific diversity to investigate functional divergence between species. Second, a major exception to the first findingwas a strain recently isolated fromthe natural environment and displaying contrasting gene expression patterns related to cell motility and domoic acid production. This result illustrated the profound modifications thatmay occurwhen transferring a cell fromthe natural to the in vitro environment and asks for future studies to better understand the influence of culture duration and life cycleon expression patterns. Third, transcriptomic responsesweremore similarbetween the two speciesdisplaying similar ecology in situ, irrespective of the genetic distance. This was especially true formolecular responses related to TCA cycle, photosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism. However, transcripts related to phosphate uptake were variable between species. It highlighted the importance of considering both overall genetic distance and ecological divergence to explain functional divergence between species. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.
Keywords: analogs and derivatives; Biological Evolution; comparative study; Diatom; Diatoms; Domoic acid; evolution; kainic acid; Metabolism; Multigene Family; Nutrients; Phenotype; Physiology

Intra-cohort cannibalism in early life stages of pikeperch - Tatiana Colchen; Fontaine, P.; Ledoré, Y.; Teletchea, F.; Pasquet, A. (Aquaculture Research, 2019)
Cannibalism has been described in 390 teleost fish species belonging to 104 families. In rearing conditions, intra‐cohort cannibalism is one of the major bottlenecks during the early life stages of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). This study aims to describe pre‐ cisely the occurrence and the onset of cannibalism of this species during the first two post‐hatching months. In a first step, the cannibalistic behaviour was analysed through observations in three experiments. In each experiment, the number of can‐ nibalistic cases was similar. From 14 to 48 days post-hatching (dph), more than 60 % of prey ingestions were realized by tail‐first, but after 48 dph, the number of prey ingestions by head‐first increased. In a second step, the behavioural sequence exhib‐ ited to attack and to capture a conspecific was analysed, taking into account the size ratio between the cannibal and its prey. The behavioural sequence to capture was always the same, similar to a predatory sequence and it seems that the cannibal chose its prey about 10 s before attacking. Moreover, prey choice by a cannibal was based more on the size ratio between the cannibal and its prey than the previous activity of the potential prey. These new results could lead to solutions to decrease cannibalism in pikeperch rearing.
Keywords: cannibalistic behaviour; early development; intra‐specific predation; prey selection; teleost

Islet Creation Increases Nesting Opportunities of the Pied Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta) in a Managed Salt Pan Area - Chambon, Rémi; Dugravot, Sébastien; Frédéric Ysnel; Gélinaud, Guillaume (Waterbirds, 2019)

Is It First the Egg or the Shrimp? – Diversity and Variation in Microbial Communities Colonizing Broods of the Vent Shrimp Rimicaris exoculata During Embryonic Development - Methou, Pierre; Hernández-Ávila, Ivan; Aube, Johanne; Cueff-Gauchard, Valérie; Gayet, Nicolas; Amand, Louis; Bruce Shillito; Pradillon, Florence; Cambon-Bonavita, Marie-Anne (Frontiers in Microbiology, 2019)

K092A and K092B, Two Peptides Isolated from the Dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.), with Potential Antineoplastic Activity Against Human Prostate and Breast Cancer Cells - Bosseboeuf, Adrien; Baron, Amandine; Duval, Elise; Aude Gautier; Pascal Sourdaine; Auvray, Pierrïck (Marine Drugs, 2019)

Local changes in copepod composition and diversity in two coastal systems of Western Europe - Richirt, Julien; Goberville, Eric; Ruiz-Gonzalez, Vania; Benoit Sautour (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2019)

The long time adaptation of coelacanths to moderate deep water: reviewing the evidences - Cupello, C; Clément, Gaël; François J Meunier; Herbin, Marc; Yoshikata Yabumoto; Brito, Paulo M. (Bulletin of Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History. Series A: Natural History, 2019)

Low-diversity bacterial microbiota in Southern Ocean representatives of lanternfish genera Electrona, Protomyctophum and Gymnoscopelus (family Myctophidae) - Gallet, Alison; Koubbi, Philippe; Léger, Nelly; Scheifler, Mathilde; Ruiz-Rodriguez, Magdalena; Suzuki, Marcelino T.; Desdevises, Yves; Duperron, Sébastien (PLOS ONE, 2019)

Mastiglanis durantoni from French Guyana, a second species in the genus (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae), with a CT scan survey of phylogenetically-relevant characters - Pinna de, M; Philippe Keith (Cybium, 2019)
A new species of the heptapterid genus Mastiglanis, M. durantoni, is described from three adjacent localities in the upper reaches of the Maroni River in French Guyana. The new species is distinguished from the only other known species in the genus, M. asopos, by several qualitative and quantitative characteristics, such as the slender caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle depth 4.3-5.3% of SL vs. 5.6-6.3%); the upper jaw protruding markedly beyond lower, resulting in long snout (36.5-42.0% of HL vs. 23.4-33.6%); the head depressed (head depth 34.0-44.4% of HL vs. 44.4-53.0%); the procurrent caudal fin rays 12 dorsally and ventrally (vs. 14-17); the dorsal margin of adipose fin concave (vs. variably convex, straight or gently sinusoidal); the occipital process deeply notched, distally V-shaped (vs. distal margin of occipital process variably-shaped, with notch, when present, not deep and forming an obtuse angle); the mesethmoid cornu widest at its midlength (vs. gradually narrower from base to tip). Characters of taxonomic and phylogenetic relevance are observed and illustrated with CT-scan imaging technique. The narrowly endemic and outlying geographical distribution of the new species contrasts with the extremely wide range of M. asopos and suggests a history of peripheral isolation and differentiation. In conformity with that interpretation, the new species has some autapomorphic specializations, while none is currently known for M. asopos.
Keywords: catfish; Heptapteridae; Metaspecies; Neotropical; New species; Systematics; taxonomy

Measuring sensitivity of two OSPAR indicators for a coastal food web model under offshore wind farm construction - Raoux, Aurore; Géraldine Lassalle; Pezy, Jean-Philippe; Samuele Tecchio; Safi, Georges; Ernande, Bruno; Mazé, C.; Le Loc'h, Francois; Lequesne, Justine; Girardin, Valerie; Jean-Claude Dauvin; Nathalie Niquil (Ecological Indicators, 2019)
A combination of modelling tools was applied to simulate the impacts of the future Courseulles-sur-mer offshore wind farm (OWF) construction (Bay of Seine, English Channel) on the ecosystem structure and functioning. To do so, food-web models of the ecosystem under three scenarios were constructed to investigate the effect caused by the OWF of added substrate (reef effect), fishing restriction (reserve effect), and their combined effect. Further, Ecological Network Analysis indices and Mean Trophic Level were derived to investigate their suitability for detecting changes in the ecosystem state. Our analysis suggests changes in the ecosystem structure and functioning after the OWF construction, the ecosystem maturity was predicted to increase, but no alterations in its overall resilience capacity. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: Barium compounds; Bay of Seine; coastal zone; Ecological network analysis; Ecopath with Ecosim; ecosystem function; ecosystem structure; Ecosystems; Electric utilities; English Channel; food web; France; in situ measurement; Marine environment; Marine renewable energy; measurement method; model; Offshore wind farms; Reefs; Reserve effect; sensitivity analysis; trophic level; wind farm

Microbial diversity involved in iron and cryptic sulfur cycling in the ferruginous, low-sulfate waters of Lake Pavin - Berg, Jasmine S.; Jézéquel, Didier; Duverger, Arnaud; Lamy, Dominique; Laberty-Robert, Christel; Miot, Jennyfer (PLOS ONE, 2019)

Migratory flights and local wintering movements of Greylag Geese Anser anser in western Europe - Boos, Mathieu; Nesterova, Anna P.; Chevallier, Damien; Follestad, Arne (Bird Study, 2019)

Minnow, Minnow, new and old, who is the fairest of them all: the taxonomical review of the French minnows Phoxinus spp. (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae) - Denys, Gaël; Dettai, Agnès; Persat, Henri; Hautecoeur, Mélyne; Philippe Keith (Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019)

Mitogenome Phylogeny of Thymallus (graylings) - Species delineation - Secci-Petretto, Giulia; Weiss, Steven J.; Gomes-Dos-Santos, André; Persat, Henri; Denys, Gaël P.J.; Froufe, Elsa (XVI European Congress of Ichthyology, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2 Sep - 6 Sep, 2019, 2019)
The genus Thymallus (grayling) is distributed over much of central and northern Europe, Asia and North America in generally cold lacustrine and riverine environments. Like all salmonid fishes, grayling have a tetraploid ancestry, which attracts research interest on the ongoing process of re-diploidiazation and its potential effects on lineage diversification. Grayling are also of increasing conservation concern, especially in Europe, as their habitats are the target of multiple anthropogenic pressures. Although in the past 15 years the recognized species diversity within the genus has increased, the genetic relationships among these species remain to a degree unexplored. The last comprehensive phylogeny of Thymallus was published prior the recognition of several new species and relies only on two mtDNA genes. At present, up to 18 species have been listed. Here we inferred the phylogeny of the genus Thymallus using complete newly sequenced mitogenomes, generated through NGS and non NGS-based techniques, as well as published sources. Using this mitogenome phylogeny as well as all available mtDNA sequences for several common genes, we applied several different species delineation methods to gain some insight into the genetic support for the current species spectrum. We combine these results with a brief overview of the systematic and taxonomic status of each species or lineage, and review as well what is known concerning their range and phenotypic variability. The results serve as an initial step in reviewing the taxonomy of the entire genus and will help point out the knowledge deficits that must be eliminated before a comprehensive picture of the grayling diversity throughout the world can be achieved.

Modelling the functioning of a coupled microphytobenthic-EPS-bacterial system in intertidal mudflats - Rakotomalala, C; Katell Guizien; Karine Grangeré; Sébastien Lefebvre; Christine Dupuy; Francis Orvain (Marine Environmental Research, 2019)
A mechanistic and biogeochemical model was developed to analyze the interactions between microphytobenthos (MPB), bacteria and nutrients in a tidal system. Behavioral vertical migration was hypothesized as being controlled by exogenous factors (tide and light) but also by endogenous factors (carbon and nitrogen requirements). The secretion of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) during photosynthesis (overflow metabolism) and migration of diatoms was also formulated. Similarities in MPB dynamics between observations and simulations support the assumption that carbon and nitrogen ratios are additional key processes behind the vertical migration of diatoms in the sediment. The model satisfactorily reproduced the three growth phases of the MPB development observed in a mesocosm (the lag phase, the logarithmic growth, and the plateau). Besides, nutrient availability, which could be induced by faunal bioturbation, significantly determined the extent of MPB biomass and development. The plateau phase observed in the last days of simulations appeared to be attributed to a nutrient depletion in the system, emphasizing the importance of nutrient availability. The model, although improvable especially on the formulation of the EPS excretion and bacteria development, already updated understanding of several aspects of benthic-system functioning during experimental conditions. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: Bacillariophyta; bacteria; Bacteria (microorganisms); bacterial growth; bacterium; Biogeochemical modeling; biogeochemistry; Biomass; Carbon; Carbon and nitrogen; Carbon and nitrogen ratios; Diatom; diel vertical migration; exopolymer; Experimental conditions; Extracellular polymeric substances; intertidal environment; intertidal zone; light; mesocosm; microbial community; Microphytobenthos; Migration; modeling; mudflat; Nitrogen; nonhuman; Nutrient availability; Nutrients; nutritional requirement; organic carbon; organismal interaction; Photosynthesis; Phytobenthos; Phytoplankton; polymer; Review; simulation; tide; vertical migration

Modern drought conditions in western Sahel unprecedented in the past 1600 years - Carré, Matthieu; Azzoug, Moufok; Zaharias, Paul; Camara, Abdoulaye; Cheddadi, Rachid; Chevalier, Manuel; Fiorillo, Denis; Gaye, Amadou T.; Janicot, Serge; Khodri, Myriam; Lazar, Alban; Claire E. Lazareth; et al. (Climate Dynamics, 2019)
As climate model uncertainties remain very large for future rainfall in the Sahel, a multi-centennial perspective is required to assess the situation of current Sahel climate in the context of global warming. We present here the first record of hydroclimatic variability over the past 1600 years in Senegal, obtained from stable oxygen isotope analyses (δ18O) in archaeological shell middens from the Saloum Delta. During the preindustrial period, the region was relatively humid, with maximum humidity reached during the period from AD 1500 to AD 1800, referred to as the Little Ice Age. A significant negative link is observed at the centennial scale between global temperature and humidity in the Sahel that is at odds with the expected effects of latitudinal shifts of the intertropical convergence zone during the last millennium. In the context of the past 1600 years, the Western Sahel appears to be experiencing today unprecedented drought conditions. The rapid aridification that started ca. AD 1800 and the recent emergence of Sahel drought from the natural variability point to an anthropogenic forcing of Sahel drying trend. This new long-term perspective suggests that the recovery of Sahel rainfall in the last decade may only result from short-term internal variability, and supports climate models that predict an increase of Sahel drought under future greenhouse climate.

Molecular evolution and functional characterisation of insulin related peptides in molluscs: Contributions of Crassostrea gigas genomic and transcriptomic-wide screening - Maëva Cherif–Feildel; Clothilde Berthelin; Béatrice Adeline; Guillaume Rivière; Pascal Favrel; Kristell Kellner-Cousin (Journal of Comparative Endocrinology, 2019)
Insulin Related Peptides (IRPs) belong to the insulin superfamily and possess a typical structure with two chains, B and A, linked by disulphide bonds. As the sequence conservation is usually low between members, IRPs are classified according to the number and position of their disulphide bonds. In molluscan species, the first IRPs identified, named Molluscan Insulin-related Peptides (MIPs), exhibit four disulphide bonds. The genomic and transcriptomic data screening in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Mollusc, Bivalvia) allowed us to identify six IRP sequences belonging to three structural groups. Cg-MIP1 to 4 have the typical structure of MIPs with four disulphide bonds. Cg-ILP has three disulphide bonds like vertebrate Insulin-Like Peptides (ILPs). The last one, Cg-MILP7 has a significant homology with Drosophila ILP7 (DILP7) associated with two additional cysteines allowing the formation of a fourth disulphide bond. The phylogenetic analysis points out that ILPs may be the most ancestral form. Moreover, it appears that ILP7 orthologs are probably anterior to lophotrochozoa and ecdysozoa segregation. In order to investigate the diversity of physiological functions of the oyster IRPs, we combine in silico expression data, qPCR measurements and in situ hybridization. The Cg-ilp transcript, mainly detected in the digestive gland and in the gonadal area, is potentially involved in the control of digestion and gametogenesis. The expression of Cg-mip4 is mainly associated with the larval development. The Cg-mip transcript shared by the Cg-MIP1, 2 and 3, is mainly expressed in visceral ganglia but its expression was also observed in the gonads of mature males. This pattern suggested the key roles of IRPs in the control of sexual reproduction in molluscan species.

Molecular evolution and functional characterisation of insulin relatedpeptides in molluscs: Contributions of Crassostrea giga sgenomic andtranscriptomic-wide screening - Cherif Feildel Meva; Heude Berthelin Clothilde; Adeline Beatrice; Riviere Guillaume; Favrel Pascal; Kelnner Kristell (General Comparative and Endocrinology, 2019)

Morphological and histological study of the scales of the grey notothen, Lepidonotothen squamifrons (Gunther 1880) (Nototheniidae; Perciformes; Teleostei) - Lecomte, F; François J Meunier; Guy Duhamel (Cybium, 2019)

Morphological and molecular criteria allow the identification of putative germ stem cells in a lophotrochozoan, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas - Cherif-Feildel, Maëva; Kellner, Kristell; Goux, Didier; Elie, Nicolas; Adeline, Béatrice; Lelong, Christophe; Clothilde Berthelin (Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 2019)

Morphological and molecular criteria allow the identification of putative germ stem cells in a lophotrochozoan, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas - Cherif Feildel Maeva; Kellner Kristell; Goux Didier; Elie Nicolas; Adeline Beatrice; Heude Berthelin Clothilde (Histochemistry and cell biology, 2019)

Morphological traits allow distinguishing their hybrids from the Northern pike, Esox lucius, and the Aquitanian pike, Esox aquitanicus (Actinopterygii, Esociformes) - Jeanroy, Clara; Denys, Gaël (Cybium, 2019)
Le brochet aquitain Esox aquitanicus Denys, Dettai, Persat, Hautecoeur & Keith, 2014 est une espèce endémique du Sud-Ouest de la France. Il est menacé par l’hybridation avec le brochet commun Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758. Jusqu’à présent, seul l’outil moléculaire permettait la détermination des hybrides. Le but de cette étude est de trouver des caractères morphologiques pour caractériser les hybrides des deux espèces parentales à partir des trois critères distinguant l’E. aquitanicus de l’E. lucius : le patron de coloration du corps, le nombre d’écailles sur la ligne latérale et la longueur du museau. Nos résultats ont démontré que les spécimens hybrides pouvaient être discriminés d’E. lucius par un museau plus court et un plus faible nombre d’écailles sur la ligne latérale, et d’E. aquitanicus seulement par un plus grand nombre d’écailles sur la ligne latérale. Le patron de coloration du corps des deux espèces est rencontré chez les hybrides. Ainsi, le meilleur caractère pour identifier les hybrides est le nombre d’écailles sur la ligne latérale ; il est intermédiaire comparé aux espèces parentales (114 à 119 vs. 104 à 107 pour E. aquitanicus et (115)120 à 136(146) pour E. lucius). Il sera utile pour les gestionnaires en conservation du brochet aquitain. Néanmoins, les résultats de cette étude nécessitent d’être confirmés avec un plus grand échantillonnage en aquaculture.

Multi-trace-element sea surface temperature coral reconstruction for the southern Mozambique Channel reveals teleconnections with the tropical Atlantic - Zinke, J.; D'Olivo, J.P.; Gey, C.J.; McCulloch, M.T.; Henrich J Bruggemann; Lough, J.M.; Mireille M.M. Guillaume (Biogeosciences, 2019)
Here we report seasonally resolved sea surface temperatures for the southern Mozambique Channel in the SW Indian Ocean based on multi-trace-element temperature proxy records preserved in two Porites sp. coral cores. Particularly, we assess the suitability of both separate and combined Sr/Ca and Li/Mg proxies for improved multi-element SST reconstructions. Overall, geochemical records from Europa Island Porites sp. highlight the potential of Sr/Ca and Li/Mg ratios as high-resolution climate proxies but also show significant differences in their response at this Indian Ocean subtropical reef site. Our reconstruction from 1970 to 2013 using the Sr/Ca SST proxy reveals a warming trend of 0.58 ± 0.1 • C in close agreement with instrumental data (0.47 ± 0.07 • C) over the last 42 years (1970-2013). In contrast, the Li/Mg showed unrealistically large warming trends, most probably caused by uncertainties around different uptake mechanisms of the trace elements Li and Mg and uncertainties in their temperature calibration. In our study, Sr/Ca is superior to Li/Mg to quantify absolute SST and relative changes in SST. However, spatial correlations between the combined detrended Sr/Ca and Li/Mg proxies compared to instrumental SST at Europa revealed robust correlations with local climate variability in the Mozambique Channel and teleconnections to regions in the Indian Ocean and southeastern Pacific where surface wind variability appeared to dominate the underlying pattern of SST variability. The strongest correlation was found between our Europa SST reconstruction and instrumental SST records from the northern tropical Atlantic. Only a weak correlation was found with ENSO, with recent warm anomalies in the geochemical proxies coinciding with strong El Niño or La Niña. We identified the Pacific-North American (PNA) atmospheric pattern , which develops in the Pacific in response to ENSO, and the tropical North Atlantic SST as the most likely causes of the observed teleconnections with the Mozambique Channel SST at Europa.
Keywords: Anthozoa; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean (North); Atlantic Ocean (Tropical); climate variation; coral; El Nino; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; Europa Island; Indian Ocean; La Nina; Mascarene Islands; Mozambique Channel; Pacific Ocean; Pacific Ocean (Southeast); Porites; proxy climate record; reconstruction; Reunion; sea surface temperature; subtropical region; surface wind; teleconnection; trace element

Neuroanatomy of a hydrothermal vent shrimp provides insights into the evolution of crustacean integrative brain centers - Machon, Julia; Krieger, Jakob; Meth, Rebecca; Magali Zbinden; Juliette Ravaux; Montagné, Nicolas; Chertemps, Thomas; Harzsch, Steffen (eLife, 2019)
Alvinocaridid shrimps are emblematic representatives of the deep hydrothermal vent fauna at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. They are adapted to a mostly aphotic habitat with extreme physicochemical conditions in the vicinity of the hydrothermal fluid emissions. Here, we investigated the brain architecture of the vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata to understand possible adaptations of its nervous system to the hydrothermal sensory landscape. Its brain is modified from the crustacean brain ground pattern by featuring relatively small visual and olfactory neuropils that contrast with well-developed higher integrative centers, the hemiellipsoid bodies. We propose that these structures in vent shrimps may fulfill functions in addition to higher order sensory processing and suggest a role in place memory. Our study promotes vent shrimps as fascinating models to gain insights into sensory adaptations to peculiar environmental conditions, and the evolutionary transformation of specific brain areas in Crustacea.

Neuromuscular structure of the larva to early ancestrula stages of the cyclostome bryozoan Crisia eburnea - Nielsen, Claus; Bekkouche, Nicolas Tarik; Worsaae, Katrine (Acta Zoologica, 2019)

A new species of Sicyopus (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from New Britain (Papua New Guinea) - Philippe Keith; Pita Amick; Toko P.; Clara Lord (Cybium, 2019)
A new species of Sicyopus, a sicydiine goby, is described from specimens collected in streams of New Britain (Papua New Guinea). It differs from other species of this amphidromous genus by a combination of characters including a second dorsal fin with one spine and ten segmented rays, fewer scales in lateral series and transverse back series, and smaller predorsal and caudal peduncle lengths.
Keywords: Freshwater; Gobiidae; New Britain; New species; Papua New Guinea; Sicyopus

A new type of plankton food web functioning in coastal waters revealed by coupling Monte Carlo Markov chain linear inverse method and ecological network analysis - Meddeb, M.; Nathalie Niquil; Grami, B.; Mejri, K.; Haraldsson, M.; Chaalali, A.; Pringault, O.; Hlaili, A.S. (Ecological Indicators, 2019)
Plankton food webs (PFW) typology is based on different categories of functioning, according to the dominant processes and the role played by heterotrophic bacteria, small vs large phytoplankton, and small vs large zooplankton. Investigating the structure and the function of planktonic food webs in two SW Mediterranean waters (inshore and marine sites) at four seasons, using inverse (LIM-MCMC) and ecological network (ENA) analyses, we identified a new type of food web, called the “bacterial multivorous food web”. This food web adds to the conventional trophic continuum as previously reported. The “bacterial multivorous food web” present in winter showed the lowest primary production among seasons, but highest bacterial production. Several food web ratios characterized this new typology e.g. picophytoplankton net primary production to total primary production varied from 0.20 to 0.28; bacterial to primary production ratio is higher than values reported in global scale (≅1); bacterial net production to the potential protozoan prey net production was high (>0.2). In this special food web, carbon was mostly recycled, with a moderate fraction channeled to deep waters, which lead to a higher retention of carbon inside the ecosystem. This winter PFW also seemed to be the most organized, specialized, stable and mature, as related to common interpretations of ENA. The spring was characterized by herbivorous food web, with highest activity coinciding with low stability. Although less usual, the herbivorous pathway was also observed during summer, in inshore waters. The autumn food webs, which functioned as multivorous or microbial food webs, appeared to be stable and mature. Finally, our study demonstrates the usefulness of food web models derived ratios combined with ecological network analysis indices to conduct evaluation of the structure and functioning of ecosystems and potentially to support management decisions in marine environment. © 2019
Keywords: Bacteria (microorganisms); bacterium; Carbon; Chemical contamination; coastal water; Coastal waters; ecological modeling; Ecology; ecosystem function; Ecosystems; Electric network analysis; Food microbiology; food web; Food web model; Food webs; inverse analysis; Inverse problems; Markov chain; Markov processes; Mediterranean sea; Monte Carlo analysis; Monte Carlo methods; net primary production; network analysis; Phytoplankton; picoplankton; Plankton; Protozoa; protozoan; Seasonal variation; trophic status; Trophic structure

Partie 2 - Méthodologie - Beaudouin, Cédric; Blaise, Claire; Goberville, Eric; Christophe Luczak; Pischiutta, Rudy (Les oiseaux nicheurs du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais, 2019)
Six années d'enquête de terrain mobilisant les ornithologues du nord de la France, adhérents du Groupe ornithologique et naturaliste du Nord - Pas-de-Calais et partenaires de l'association, ont été nécessaires pour réaliser cet ouvrage naturaliste de référence. Les + de cet ouvrage : Toutes les espèces d'oiseaux nicheurs réguliers, occasionnels et exceptionnels dans le Nord et le Pas-de-Calais sont présentées, sois 200 espèces ; La synthèse des connaissances ornithologiques relatives aux oiseaux nicheurs du nord de la France : effectifs, répartition et évolution des populations au cours du demi-siècle écoulé ; Une somme d'informations inédites issues de la compilation de plus de 230 000 données ; Un état des menaces pesant sur l'avifaune du Nord — Pas-de-Calais ; Un atlas illustré de plus de 380 photos de terrain.

Partitioning of food resources among three sympatric scorpionfish (Scorpaeniformes) in coastal waters of the northern Yellow Sea - Wu, Zhongxin; Zhang, Xiumei; Charlotte R. Dromard; Tweedley, James R.; Loneragan, Neil R. (Hydrobiologia, 2019)

Patterns of at-sea behaviour at a hybrid zone between two threatened seabirds - Austin, Rhiannon E.; Wynn, Russell B.; Votier, Stephen C.; Trueman, Clive; McMinn, Miguel; Rodríguez, Ana; Suberg, Lavinia; Maurice, Louise; Newton, Jason; Genovart, Meritxell; Clara Péron; Grémillet, David; et al. (Scientific Reports, 2019)

The phylogenetic origin and evolution of acellular bone in teleost fishes: insights into osteocyte function in bone metabolism - Davesne, Donald; François J Meunier; Schmitt, Armin D.; Friedman, Matt; Otero, Olga; Benson, Roger B. J. (Biological Reviews, 2019)
ABSTRACT Vertebrate bone is composed of three main cell types: osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes, the latter being by far the most numerous. Osteocytes are thought to play a fundamental role in bone physiology and homeostasis, however they are entirely absent in most extant species of teleosts, a group that comprises the vast majority of bony ‘fishes’, and approximately half of vertebrates. Understanding how this acellular (anosteocytic) bone appeared and was maintained in such an important vertebrate group has important implications for our understanding of the function and evolution of osteocytes. Nevertheless, although it is clear that cellular bone is ancestral for teleosts, it has not been clear in which specific subgroup the osteocytes were lost. This review aims to clarify the phylogenetic distribution of cellular and acellular bone in teleosts, to identify its precise origin, reversals to cellularity, and their implications. We surveyed the bone type for more than 600 fossil and extant ray-finned fish species and optimised the results on recent large-scale molecular phylogenetic trees, estimating ancestral states. We find that acellular bone is a probable synapomorphy of Euteleostei, a group uniting approximately two-thirds of teleost species. We also confirm homoplasy in these traits: acellular bone occurs in some non-euteleosts (although rarely), and cellular bone was reacquired several times independently within euteleosts, in salmons and relatives, tunas and the opah (Lampris sp.). The occurrence of peculiar ecological (e.g. anadromous migration) and physiological (e.g. red-muscle endothermy) strategies in these lineages might explain the reacquisition of osteocytes. Our review supports that the main contribution of osteocytes in teleost bone is to mineral homeostasis (via osteocytic osteolysis) and not to strain detection or bone remodelling, helping to clarify their role in bone physiology.
Keywords: acellular bone; Actinopterygii; ancestral state reconstruction; anosteocytic bone; bone remodelling; endothermy; osteocyte; Salmoniformes; Scombridae; teleostei

Phylogéographie de Neritina stumpffi Boettger, 1890 et Neritina canalis Sowerby, 1825 (Gastropoda, Cycloneritida, Neritidae) - Ahmed Abdou; Clara Lord; Philippe Keith; René Galzin (Zoosystema, 2019)
The population genetic structure of Neritina stumpffi Boettger, 1890 in the Indo-Pacific and Neritina canalis Sowerby, 1825 in the Pacific Ocean were investigated using a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. The haplotype network of N. stumpffi showed a genetic structuration between the two oceans, with shared haplotypes. Concerning N. canalis, western Pacific and central Pacific populations are genetically structured, without shared haplotypes. The Coral Triangle appears to have played a filtering barrier role for N. stumpffi, whose presence in both oceans could be explained by the flow of the south-equatorial current. A barrier to the dispersal of N. canalis between the western and the central Pacific may also exist.
Keywords: COI gene; Indian Ocean; larval dispersion; Pacific Ocean; Phylogeography

Population recovery changes population composition at a major southern Caribbean juvenile developmental habitat for the green turtle, Chelonia mydasAbstract - van der Zee, Jurjan P.; Christianen, Marjolijn J. A.; Nava, Mabel; Velez-Zuazo, Ximena; Hao, Wensi; Bérubé, Martine; van Lavieren, Hanneke; Hiwat, Michael; Berzins, Rachel; Chevalier, Johan; Chevallier, Damien; Lankester, Marie-Clélia; et al. (Scientific Reports, 2019)

A Potential Antineoplastic Peptide of Human Prostate Cancer Cells Derived from the Lesser Spotted Dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.) - Bosseboeuf, Adrien; Baron, Amandine; Duval, Elise; Aude Gautier; Pascal Sourdaine; Auvray, Pierrïck (Marine Drugs, 2019)

Prediction of unprecedented biological shifts in the global ocean - Grégory Beaugrand; Alessandra Conversi; Angus Atkinson; Jim E. Cloern; Sanae Chiba; Serena Fonda-Umani; Richard R Kirby; Greene, C. H.; Goberville, Eric; Otto, S. A.; Philip Chris Reid; Stemmann, L.; et al. (Nature Climate Change, 2019)
Impermanence is an ecological principle1 but there are times when changes occur nonlinearly as abrupt community shifts (ACSs) that transform the ecosystem state and the goods and services it provides2. Here, we present a model based on niche theory3 to explain and predict ACSs at the global scale. We test our model using 14 multi-decadal time series of marine metazoans from zooplankton to fish, spanning all latitudes and the shelf to the open ocean. Predicted and observed fluctuations correspond, with both identifying ACSs at the end of the 1980s4,5,6,7 and 1990s5,8. We show that these ACSs coincide with changes in climate that alter local thermal regimes, which in turn interact with the thermal niche of species to trigger long-term and sometimes abrupt shifts at the community level. A large-scale ACS is predicted after 2014—unprecedented in magnitude and extent—coinciding with a strong El Niño event and major shifts in Northern Hemisphere climate. Our results underline the sensitivity of the Arctic Ocean, where unprecedented melting may reorganize biological communities5,9, and suggest an increase in the size and consequences of ACS events in a warming world.

Preliminary note on the morphological characters of penja (amphidromous goby postlarvae) in West Sulawesi and Gorontalo Bay - Nurjirana; Haris, A; Sahami, F M; Philippe Keith; Burhanuddin, A I (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019)
Penjais the local name for the postlarvae of fish belonging to the Gobioidei, whose appearance at certain times is an amphidromous migration process from the sea to rivers. This group of fish is generally referred to as amphidromous gobies. This study aimed toreveal some facts related to the species diversity of penja based on morphological characteristics. The study was conducted from October 2017 to March 2019 in West Sulawesi and Gorontalo Bay, Indonesia. Amphidromous goby samples at the penja(postlarval) stage were obtained from fishermen's catches and from traditional markets in each location. The samples obtained were measured and described based on morphological differences. The total length of the sampled penja ranged from 18 mm to 58 mm. All penja were identified as belonging to one of two families, the Gobiidae and Eleotridae. Although the species obtained from the waters of West Sulawesi and Gorontalo Bay were similar, there were variations in species composition (relative abundance) based on observed morphology of penja postlarvae from these two locations.

Protein expression profiles in Bathymodiolus azoricus exposed to cadmium - Company, Rui; Antúnez, Oreto; Cosson, Richard P.; Serafim, Angela; Bruce Shillito; Cajaraville, Miren; Bebianno, Maria João; Torreblanca, Amparo (Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019)

Raman investigation of the pigment families in recent and fossil brachiopod shells - Gaspard, D; Paris, C; Loubry, P; Gilles Luquet (Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2019)
Shells of the three subphyla of extant and extinct representatives of the phylum Brachiopoda display coloured patterns with diverse shapes and at different degrees. These colourations are readily visible in natural light but are best revealed under UV light for the fossils concerned. To identify these pigments, Raman spectroscopy has been used for the first time on brachiopod shells. The widespread identified pigments belong to the carotenoid family, best represented in all the animal kingdom, the second one concerns themelanin/melanin-like pigments and, surprisingly, additional molecules of the cytochrome family are revealed for the first time in one of the brachiopod shells studied. The putative functions of shell pigmentation, still under debate, are discussed.
Keywords: Fossils Pigments; Raman spectroscopy; Recent brachiopods; Shell patterns; UV light

Reproductive biology of a small amphidromous shrimp Atyoida serrata on Reunion Island, south-west Indian Ocean - Hoarau, Pierre E; Courtecuisse, Emilie; Treilhes, Camille RM; Lagarde, Raphaël; Teichert, Nils; Valade, Pierre B (Limnologica, 2019)

Resurrection of Caridina natalensis De Man, 1908 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in the South Western Indian Ocean - de Mazancourt, Valentin; Mlambo, MC; Castelin, Magalie; Renneville, C; Marquet, Gérard; Philippe Keith (Zootaxa, 2019)
Numerous specimens of a freshwater shrimp with small eggs belonging to the Caridina nilotica complex collected in the South Western Indian Ocean were studied and compared with recent and old collection specimens genetically (16S mito-chondrial analysis for recent and type specimens) and morphologically. The results revealed that, in the Indian Ocean, what has been identified by several authors under various species names of the complex C. nilotica, was in fact C. natal-ensis De Man, 1908. This valid species is re-described and compared with closely related species, often confused with it in this area: C. brachydactyla De Man, 1908, C. brevidactyla Roux, 1920, C. gracilipes De Man, 1892 and C. longirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837.
Keywords: 16S; Caridina; Comoros; Integrative taxonomy; Madagascar; Mayotte; morphology; Seychelles; South Africa

Revision of freshwater shrimps belonging to Caridina weberi complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from Polynesia with discussion on their biogeography - de Mazancourt, Valentin; Marquet, Gérard; Philippe Keith (Journal of Natural History, 2019)
Caridina weberi, an emblematic species of the ‘C. weberi complex’, was described by De Man in 1892 from different localities in Indonesia. Until now, this species was thought to have a wide distribution in Polynesia. Numerous specimens identified as C. weberi were collected recently from various Polynesian islands. In the context of integrative taxonomy, they were morphologically and genetically studied. Three new species allied to C. weberi are here described: C. marquesensis n. sp., C. futunensis n. sp. and C. tupaia n. sp. The occurrence of C. rapaensis, another species part of the ‘C. weberi’ complex is confirmed. Descriptions or redescription of these species are given as well as their geographical and ecological distributions. The position of these species in the complex is clarified. A key is provided to facilitate identification.
Keywords: 16S; freshwater shrimp; genetic; Integrative taxonomy; morphology

Revisiting species boundaries and distribution ranges of Nemacheilus spp. (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) and Rasbora spp. (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Java, Bali and Lombok through DNA barcodes: implications for conservation in a biodiversity hotspot - Hubert, Nicolas; Lumbantobing, Daniel; Sholihah, Arni; Dahruddin, Hadi; Delrieu-Trottin, Erwan; Busson, Frederic; Sauri, Sopian; Hadiaty, Renny; Philippe Keith (Conservation Genetics, 2019)
Biodiversity hotspots have provided useful geographic proxies for conservation efforts. Delineated from a few groups of animals and plants, biodiversity hotspots do not reflect the conservation status of freshwater fishes. With hundreds of new species described on a yearly basis, fishes constitute the most poorly known group of vertebrates. This situation urges for an acceleration of the fish species inventory through fast and reliable molecular tools such as DNA barcoding. The present study focuses on the freshwater fishes diversity in the Sundaland biodiversity hotspot in Southeast Asia. Recent studies evidenced large taxonomic gaps as well as unexpectedly high levels of cryptic diversity, particularly so in the islands of Java and Bali. The Cypriniformes genera Rasbora and Nemacheilus account for most of the endemic species in Java and Bali, however their taxonomy is plagued by confusion about species identity and distribution. This study examines the taxonomic status of the Rasbora and Nemacheilus species in Java, Bali and Lombok islands through DNA barcodes, with the objective to resolve taxonomic confusion and identify trends in genetic diversity that can be further used for conservation matters. Several species delimitation methods based on DNA sequences were used and confirmed the status of most species, however several cases of taxonomic confusion and two new taxa are detected. Mitochondrial sequences argue that most species range distributions currently reported in the literature are inflated due to erroneous population assignments to the species level, and further highlight the sensitive conservation status of most Rasbora and Nemacheilus species on the islands of Java, Bali and Lombok.
Keywords: Conservation genetics; Cryptic diversity; Population fragmentation; Southeast Asia; taxonomy

Seasonal oxygen isotope variations in freshwater bivalve shells as recorders of Amazonian rivers hydrogeochemistry - Gaillard, Blandine; Claire E. Lazareth; Lestrelin, Hugo; Dufour, Elise; Santos, Roberto V.; Carlos E.C. Freitas; Marc Pouilly (Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 2019)
Freshwater bivalve shell oxygen isotope values (δ18OS) may act as a recorder of river δ18O variations that can then be interpreted in terms of hydrology (e.g. precipitation–evaporation balance, precipitation and river discharge patterns). We investigated the potential of this proxy measured across the hinge of South American unionid shells: Anodontites elongatus collected in Peru and A. trapesialis in Brazil. The isotopic signatures were reproducible between individuals of the same species. A. trapesialis clearly showed a strong δ18OS cyclicity in accordance with its growth patterns while A. elongatus presented less clear δ18OS with lower amplitude. We confirm that the deposition of successive growth lines and increments is annual, with growth line corresponding to the wet season. Also, we suggest that low amplitude of δ18OS in the A. elongatus shells indicates a habitat close to the river while large amplitude of δ18OS cycles observed in A. trapesialis shells would reflect a floodplain lake habitat, seasonally disconnected from the river and thus subjected to higher seasonal fluctuations in water δ18O. Considering these promising first results, future studies could be directed towards the use of fossil shells to reconstruct the past and present hydrological and geochemical conditions of the Amazon.
Keywords: Amazon basin; freshwater bivalve shells; hydroclimate; isotope ecology; isotope hydrology; oxygen isotopes

Shark bycatch observed in the bottom longline fishery off the Kerguelen islands in 2006-2016, with a focus on Etmopterus viator - Charlotte Chazeau; S.P. Iglésias; Clara Péron; Nicolas Gasco; Martin, Alexis; Guy Duhamel (Second Symposium on the Kerguelen Plateau, 2019)

Shedding light on the migratory patterns of the Amazonian goliath catfish, Brachyplatystoma platynemum , using otolith 87 Sr/ 86 Sr analyses - Hauser, Marilia; Doria, Carolina R.C.; Santos, Roberto V.; García‐Vasquez, Aurea; Marc Pouilly; Pecheyran, Christophe; Ponzevera, Emmanuel; Torrente‐Vilara, Gislene; Bérail, Sylvain; Panfili, Jacques; Darnaude, Audrey; Renno, Jean‐François; et al. (Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 2019)

Shedding light on the migratory patterns of the Amazonian goliath catfish, Brachyplatystoma platynemum, using otolith 87Sr/86Sr analyses - Hauser, Marilia; Doria, Carolina RC; Santos, Roberto V; García-Vasquez, Aurea; Marc Pouilly; Pecheyran, Christophe; Ponzevera, Emmanuel; Torrente-Vilara, Gislene; Bérail, Sylvain; Panfili, Jacques; others (Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 2019)

Short-term changes in the quality of suspended particulate matter in a human impacted and mangrove dominated tropical estuary (Can Gio, Vietnam) - Frank David; Cyril Marchand; Najet Thiney; Tran-thi, N; Tarik Meziane (Continental Shelf Research, 2019)
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) is a key component of coastal food webs and a key variable of nutrient budgets. Understanding its variability across short time scales in estuaries may help ecologists understand seasonal and diurnal migration of estuarine organisms, and answer how their nutritional requirements are fulfilled. It may also inform biogeochemists regarding the factors that influence import and export of nutrients between terrestrial and coastal ecosystems. This study aimed to link the dynamics of fatty acids, stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and C/N ratios of SPM, revealing organic matter quality, to rapidly varying factors (SPM concentration, salinity and presence of daylight) and comparing this variability to the seasonal variation induced by the alternation of dry and wet seasons in the studied region. Our results revealed that these rapidly varying factors had a strong influence on the bacterial and the phytoplanktonic compartments of SPM. They suggest that tidally resuspended particles are the site of intense heterotrophic activity and that estuarine phytoplankton store lipids during the daytime up to substantially modifying SPM quality. Our study also shows higher freshness of SPM during the wet season. We expect this study to raise the interest of both biologists and biogeochemists to introduce daily variability of SPM in food webs and nutrient budgets modelling.

The skeleton and the mineralized tissues of the living coelacanths - François J Meunier; Cupello, C; Clément, Gaël (Bulletin of Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History. Series A: Natural History, 2019)

The skeleton and the mineralized tissues of the living coelacanths - François J Meunier; Cupello, C; Clément, Gaël (Bulletin of Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History. Series A: Natural History, 2019)

Sources and sinks of dissolved inorganic carbon in an urban tropical coastal bay revealed by δ13C-DIC signals - L.C. CotoviczJr; Knoppers, Bastiaan A; Deirmendjian, Loris; Gwenaël Abril (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2019)