First evidence for a direct inhibitory effect of kisspeptins on LH expression in the eel, Anguilla anguilla

The kisspeptin system has emerged as one of the main puberty gatekeepers among vertebrates. The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a remarkable model due to its phylogenetical position at the basis of teleosts, and its unique life cycle with a blockade of puberty before reproductive migration. We cloned the full-length coding sequence of a kisspeptin receptor (Kissr) in the eel. Comparison of Kissr sequences assigned the eel Kissr to a basal position in a clack including most of the known teleost Kissr, in agreement with the eel phylogenetical position. Eel Kissr tissue distribution was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Eel Kissr was highly expressed in the brain, especially in the telencephalon and di-/mesencephalon, while a very low or undetectable expression was observed in various peripheral organs. A high expression of Kissr was also found in the pituitary indicating a possible direct pituitary role of kisspeptin. Primary cultures of eel pituitary cells were performed to investigate the direct effects of kisspeptin on pituitary hormone expression. Human/lamprey kisspeptin exerted a time- and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on LH beta expression. All other tested kisspeptins had a similar inhibitory effect on LH beta expression. The inhibitory effect of kisspeptins was exerted specifically on LH beta as no change was induced on the expression of other glycoprotein hormone subunits (GP alpha, FSH beta and TSH beta) nor of growth hormone. These data provide the first evidence for the existence. in the European eel, of a kisspeptin system, which may play a direct inhibitory role on pituitary LH beta expression. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.