Integrative taxonomy helps separate four species of freshwater shrimps commonly overlooked as Caridina longirostris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in Indo-West Pacific islands.

<p><em>Caridina longirostris </em>H. Milne Edwards, 1837 described from specimens supposedly from La Macta River near Oran, Algeria, is an emblematic species of the ‘<em>C. nilotica </em>complex’. Until now this species was thought to have a wide distribution in the Indo-Pacific region. Recently, numerous specimens identified as<em> C. longirostris </em>were collected from various Indo-West Pacific localities. In the context of integrative taxonomy, both old and newly collected specimens were morphologically and genetically studied. Four species allied to<em> C. longirostris</em> are here identified: <em>C. appendiculata</em> Jalihal &amp; Shenoy, 1998, <em>C. brevidactyla</em> Roux, 1920, <em>C. gracilipes </em>De Man, 1892 and <em>C. meridionalis</em> Roux, 1926. Detailed re-descriptions of these four species are given as well as their geographical and ecological distributions. <em>Caridina nilotica var. brevidactyla </em>is revalidated as the species <em>C. brevidactyla</em>, and <em>C. coulaborensis</em> Richard&amp;Clark, 2014, <em>C. fritzi </em>Richard &amp; Clark, 2014 and <em>C. solamulieres</em> Richard &amp; Clark, 2014 are considered junior synonyms of <em>C. meridionalis.</em> The position of these species in the troublesome ‘<em>C. nilotica</em> complex’ is clarified and some species are synonymised. A key is provided to facilitate identification.</p>