| Résumé | Cephalopods are new evolutionary and ecological models.
By their phylogenetic position (Lophotrochozoa, Mollusca),
they provide a missing master piece in the whole puzzle of
neurodevelopment studies. Their derived and specific nervous
system but also their convergence with vertebrates offer
abundant materials to question the evolution and development
of the nervous system of Metazoa (evo-devo studies). In
addition, their various adaptions to different modes of life
open new fields of investigation of developmental plasticity
according to ecological context (eco-evo-devo approach). In
this paper, we review the recent works on cephalopod nervous
developmental investigations. We show how cephalopods, and
especially Sepia officinalis, an animal of economical interest,
can be used as suitable models to extend our knowledge on
cephalopod ecology and on nervous system evolution among
molluscs.
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